JP2000051983A - Rolling method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rolling method for rolling two or more processing portions having different processing diameters using two or more sets of round dies, wherein the rolling is performed in one step. Provided is a rolling method capable of performing rolling with good processing accuracy and a driving die 20 capable of applying a rotational force to the workpiece 10, and a method for rotating the workpiece 10. Therefore, it comprises a rotating driven die 30 and a driving die 20.
Is formed by rolling one or more processing portions while rotating the workpiece 10 by contacting one or more processing portions of the processing portion of the workpiece 10 to urge the workpiece 10. In addition, the driven die 30 is used to drive the die 20 of the workpiece 10.
By pressing the workpiece 10 in contact with one or more processing parts other than the processing part rolled by
The other one or more processing parts are rolled while being rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece 10.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rolling method for rolling two or more processing locations of one workpiece using two or more sets of round dies.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Rolling can be roughly classified into a method using a flat die and a method using a round die. The round die rolling method generally uses a pair of circular forming tools called a round die. This is a kind of forging, in which the workpiece is rotated and pressed against the workpiece, and the workpiece is rotated to form the workpiece. Unlike cutting, the processing structure is continuous as streamlines, so the tensile strength is strong, the chip yield is good, and the material yield is good. Since it can be rolled with high precision, it is used for processing various products that require high processing precision, including bolts.

In the case of performing round die rolling, there are cases where it is desired to perform rolling at two or more locations on one workpiece.
In this case, one or more round dies are provided with two or more processing parts so that two or more processing parts can be processed at a time, and two or more round dies are fixedly mounted on the same rotating shaft and rolled. It is also possible to do. However, for example, when the diameters of the processing portions of the workpiece are different, the peripheral speeds of the respective processing portions are different, and during rolling, slip occurs between the round die and the workpiece at any one of the processing portions. In addition, when not only the processing accuracy is not improved, but also when the slip is large, a part of the workpiece may be peeled off.

Therefore, in order to prevent this situation, conventionally, the rolling process of each processing portion is performed by another rolling machine or even when performed by one rolling machine.
After the rolling of one processing part is completed, the rolling of the other processing part has to be performed. However, performing the rolling process in two steps as described above not only complicates the rolling process itself but also increases the manufacturing cost of a product obtained by rolling the workpiece. Had become.

In a rolling method using a flat die, there is a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-108239 with respect to the rolling of workpieces having different diameters at the processing portions. However, this technique relates to a flat die having a processing portion movable in the rolling direction of a workpiece, and cannot be applied to a round die rolling method.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is directed to a method of rolling using a round die to form a workpiece having two or more processing sites. Provided is a rolling method capable of performing rolling of a workpiece in one step, and performing rolling with good processing accuracy even when the processing diameter of each processing portion is different. The purpose is to:

[0007]

The inventor of the present invention has noticed that the rotation speed of the workpiece and the rotation speed of the round die can be synchronized by rotating the round die by the rotational force of the workpiece. Then, the following invention has been reached. The rolling method according to the present invention is a rolling method for rolling two or more processing parts located at different positions of one workpiece using two or more sets of round dies. The at least one set of round dies includes at least one set of driving dies capable of applying a rotating force to the workpiece, and at least one set of driven dies that rotate according to the rotation of the workpiece. The driving die of the workpiece is one of the processing portions of the workpiece.
The one or more processing parts are rolled while rotating the workpiece by abutting on the processing part to urge the workpiece, and the one or more driven dies are The workpiece is rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece by abutting against the one or more workpieces other than the workpiece to be rolled by the driving die to urge the workpiece. The one or more other processing parts are rolled.

In other words, the rolling method of the present invention uses at least one set of round dies among two or more sets of round dies as driven dies. Since the driven die freely rotates in accordance with the rotation speed of the workpiece, the rolling method of the present invention can be applied to the round die and the workpiece even if, for example, processing portions having different processing diameters are simultaneously processed. Good rolling is enabled without slippage between the workpiece and the workpiece.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the rolling method according to the present invention will be described below. This rolling method can be applied to a cylindrical, rod-shaped or pipe-shaped workpiece having a circular cross section (also referred to as a "work"). It is not necessary to have a circular cross section over the entire length of the workpiece, and only a processing portion to be rolled may have a circular cross section. Further, as the workpiece, a material made of a ductile material such as a low carbon steel, an alloy steel, an aluminum alloy, and a copper alloy can be selected.

[0010] The original rolling method is intended to simultaneously form rolling portions having different processing diameters on one workpiece. Therefore, it is effective for a workpiece having a cross section having a different outer diameter, for example, a workpiece having a shape such as a round bar having a step. However, the workpiece is not limited to a workpiece having a cross section having a different outer diameter, and even a workpiece such as a round bar having a uniform outer diameter may have a different processing diameter depending on the type of processing. Yes, this rolling method is fully effective. In addition, when the processing diameters are the same, but the processing locations are distant from each other, it is possible to simplify the rolling machine itself by rolling the one processing location using a driven die by this rolling processing method. There is an advantage that can be made.

The types of processing that can be performed by the present rolling processing method are as diverse as screws, gears, grooves, serrations, and knurls. All types of rolling that can be performed by a normal round die rolling method are available. It can be performed. A round die that matches the processing shape of the workpiece may be selected according to the type of processing. In addition, this rolling method is usually performed in a cold state, but may be performed in a hot state when the workpiece is large and the rolling load is large.

The round die is a disk-shaped or cylindrical-shaped forming tool having an abutment surface on an outer periphery for abutting and forming on a workpiece, and is made of a hard material such as tool steel. . In this rolling method, two types of round dies having different functions, ie, a driving die and a driven die, are used. As the driving die and the driven die, one pair or three or more round dies having the same shape are usually used as one set.
When one pair, that is, two round dies are used as one set, the dies are arranged so as to sandwich the workpiece, and when three or more dies are used as one set, surround the outer periphery of the workpiece with the center as the center. Deploy.

The driving die is fixed to an axis passing through the center thereof (hereinafter referred to as “die axis”).
By arranging the driving dies in a position parallel to the workpiece, the driving die can be brought into contact with the workpiece at right angles. Then, the driving die is rotated by rotating the die shaft by the power of an electric motor or the like.

The direction of rotation of each drive die must be the same. The rotation speed is usually set to be the same for all the driving dies in one set so that the workpiece does not move in the rotation direction of one of the driving dies during the rolling process. However, when rolling is performed by using two driving dies as one set, a method of providing a slight difference in rotation speed and moving the workpiece in the rotation direction of the driving die having the higher rotation speed may be adopted. According to this method, the workpiece can be easily separated from the rolling machine.

In the rolling process using the driving dies, the respective driving dies are moved so as to abut on the workpiece while rotating, and after the driving dies abut on the workpiece, a predetermined working depth is obtained. The workpiece is further moved while being urged in a direction to sandwich the workpiece (so-called die feed movement for processing). This movement is performed by bringing the die axis of the driving die closer to the workpiece, and is performed by a moving mechanism (hereinafter, simply referred to as “feed mechanism”) adopted by a general rolling machine using a hydraulic cylinder, a ball screw, and the like. be able to.

In the case where the rolling process is performed by using two driving dies as one set, there is also a method of fixing one die shaft, feeding and moving the other die shaft, and feeding and moving only one driving die. Can be adopted. Although this method has some instability in the rolling process due to the movement of the workpiece, the method requires only the feed mechanism of the driving die on one side, so that the structure of the rolling machine is simplified. There is.

By using the above-described means, a set of driving dies is rotated and brought into contact with the workpiece to urge the workpiece in a direction to sandwich the workpiece. While being rotated in a direction opposite to the direction, it is rolled into a processing shape according to the shape of the contact surface of the driving die. In addition, two or more sets of driving dies can be used. In the case of two or more processing parts having the same processing diameter, for example, when a screw of the same size is rolled into two or more positions, the processing diameter of the workpiece and the shape of the driving die are the same, so that the same rotational speed is used. In this case, no slip occurs at each processing part. When two or more sets of driving dies are used, there is an advantage that the workpiece is less likely to shake during rolling, and the rotational force of the driving dies is more reliably transmitted to the workpiece.

Next, the rolling process using a driven die, which is a feature of the present rolling process method, will be described. The driven dies are
Since the workpiece is brought into contact with the workpiece and rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece, the workpiece is rotatably attached to a die axis passing through the center of the workpiece. In order to ensure smooth rotation of the driven die, a rolling bearing, a flat bearing or the like is preferably interposed between the driven die and the die shaft. Further, in order to restrict the axial movement of the driven die, it is preferable to provide fixing members on both sides of the driven die in the axial direction. It is desirable to ensure smooth rotation by interposing a thrust bearing or the like between the fixture and the driven die.

Each of the driven dies in a rotatable state is moved so as to abut on the workpiece, and the driven dies are rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece by urging the workpiece. Is rolled into a processing shape according to the shape of the contact surface of the roller. In addition, the feed movement of the driven die with respect to the workpiece can be performed using the same feed mechanism as that of the drive die.

[0020] The die axis of the driven die may also serve as the die axis of the drive die. By sharing the die axis, there is no need for a feed mechanism for only the driven dies,
There is an advantage that the rolling machine can be simplified. On the contrary,
A single die shaft of the driven die alone may be provided. In the case where the die shaft of the driven die alone is provided, a feed mechanism is further required, but there is an advantage that there is no restriction on the feed moving amount and the feed speed of the driving die. This is because, for example, when the processing load of the processing part rolled by the driven die is smaller than the processing load of the processing part rolled by the driving die, the driven die is larger than the feed moving amount of the driven die. It is possible to make the driven die perform a deeper rolling process than the rolling process by the driving die by increasing the feed moving amount of the driven die. In addition, when the part processed by the driving die and the part processed by the driven die are separated from each other, there is an advantage that the feed mechanism itself can be reduced in size.

In general, two or three or more driven dies are used as one set, similar to the driving dies. However, the processing load on the portion to be rolled by the driven dies is small, and the driven dies are formed by rolling. In the case where the workpiece does not move, the workpiece can be rolled by using only one driven die and pressing against the workpiece from one side. Therefore, one set of driven dies includes a case where one driven dice is used.

The present rolling method is a rolling process combining the rolling process using the driving dies and the rolling process using the driven dies as described above. The workpiece is rotated by the driving dies, and the driven dies are rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece, so that no slip occurs between the dies and the workpiece even at two or more processing sites. , Enabling good rolling.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a rolling method according to the present invention based on the above embodiment will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the following examples are merely examples, and the rolling method of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. <First Embodiment> This embodiment is an embodiment of a rolling method combining screw rolling with a pair of driving dies and groove rolling with a pair of driven dies. FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of the rolling process by the rolling method of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the state of the rolling process by the rolling method of the present embodiment from above. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a driving die and a driven die.

The workpiece is a round bar having two diameters, a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion. Thread rolling part 11 in small diameter part
However, there is a groove rolling portion 12 in the large diameter portion, and a screw rolling portion 1
1 is rolled by a driving die 20 and a groove rolling portion is rolled by a driven die 30. Therefore, the driving die 20 has an outer peripheral portion (contact surface) 21 having a reverse screw shape, and the driven die 30 has an outer peripheral portion 34 having two convex portions over the entire circumference.

Two die shafts 41 are provided on both left and right sides of the workpiece 10, and one driven die 30 having the same shape as the driving die 20 having the same shape is mounted on each of the die shafts 41. It is. The mounting positions of the drive die 20 and the driven die 30 with respect to the left and right die shafts 41 are the same in the length direction of the workpiece 10, that is, in the axial direction of the die shaft 41.

The driving die 20 is fixed to a die shaft 41. Although not shown in the drawing, a fixing method such as a key is preferably used so that the driving die 20 does not rotate with respect to the die shaft 41. The driven die 30 needs to rotate smoothly with respect to the die axis 41. Therefore, the driven die 30 has a structure in which a cylindrical roller bearing 32 and a thrust needle roller bearing 33 are incorporated in a driven die body 31. Further, a spacer 4 interposed between the driving die 20 and the driven die 30 is provided on the die shaft 41 in order to regulate the position of the driven die 30 in the axial direction.
2 and a fixture 43 are attached.

The movement of the workpiece 10 between the driving die 20 and the driven die 30 is performed by a feeding mechanism (not shown). This movement is performed in such a manner that the die shaft 41 approaches the workpiece 10 in a direction perpendicular to the workpiece, that is, in a direction sandwiching the workpiece 10. In this embodiment, both the die shafts 41 are fed and moved, but as described above, one of the die shafts may be fixed.

The rolling process is performed on the workpiece 10 placed on a pedestal called a rest 51. First, the workpiece 10 is placed on the rest 51 by the driving die 20 and the driven die 30.
Are set so that the respective processing parts 11 and 12 are matched to the position of. Then, the left and right driving dies 20 are rotated in the same rotation direction and at the same rotation speed by rotating the left and right die shafts by an electric motor (not shown). Next, the die shafts 41 on both sides are moved by a feed mechanism (not shown) so as to approach the workpiece 10, respectively, and the outer peripheral portion 21 of the driving die 20 is brought into contact with the workpiece. Then, by continuing the feed movement, the driving die 20 urges the thread rolling portion 11 of the workpiece 10. By operating the drive dies 20 in this manner, the workpiece 10 is subjected to thread rolling while being rotated in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the drive dies 20.

Since the driven die 30 has a common die shaft 41 with the driving die 20, the driven die 30 is moved in the same manner as the driving die 20. Accordingly, the driven die 30 abuts the outer peripheral portion 34 on the workpiece 10 at the same time as the abutment of the drive die 20 on the workpiece 10 and urges the workpiece 10. The driven die 30 does not rotate by its own force, but performs the rolling of the groove rolling portion 12 while being rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece 10 in synchronization with the rotation of the workpiece 10. Will be. When the rolling with a predetermined working depth is achieved, the feed mechanism moves the driving dice 20 and the driven dice 30 backward so as to be separated from the workpiece 10 to complete the rolling.

Note that, in order to eliminate blurring during rolling of the workpiece 10, an anti-shake may be provided to hold or hold the workpiece 10 using a bearing or the like. Further, in order to prevent the workpiece from moving so as to walk in the axial direction, a stop may be provided to serve as a stopper. The anti-shake and the stop are useful for ensuring stable rolling and improving the processing accuracy.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the number of processed parts is one.
In the same manner as the rolling process usually performed in the case of a location, in a single step, two processing portions having different processing diameters can be rolled, and in any of the processing portions, the workpiece and the die Slip due to the difference in peripheral speed does not occur, and rolling with good processing accuracy can be performed. <Second Embodiment> In this embodiment, two pairs of driving dies are used.
This is an example of a rolling method in which screw rolling at a location and knurl rolling with one driven die are combined. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state of the rolling by the rolling method according to the present embodiment in a plan view from above.

The workpiece 10 is a round bar having a large-diameter portion at the center and a small-diameter portion having the same diameter at both ends. The small-diameter portions at both ends have thread-rolled portions 11, respectively, and the large-diameter portion has knurls. There is a rolling part 14. The thread rolling portion 11 is rolled by the driving dies 20a and 20b, and the knurl rolling portion 14 is rolled by the driven die 30. In addition, screws of the same size are rolled in the two screw rolling portions 11.

Dice shafts 41 are provided on both left and right sides of the workpiece 10, and the driving dies 20a and 20b
1, respectively. The driven die 30 is provided with the driving die 20a and the driving die 20 only on one die shaft.
b and is rotatably mounted via a spacer 42. The structure of the driven die 30 employs a bearing as in the first embodiment.

While rotating the driving dies 20a and 20b, the die shaft 41 is fed and moved so as to approach the workpiece 10, and the outer peripheral portion 2 of the driving dies 20a and 20b is moved.
1 and the outer peripheral portion 36 of the driven die 30 are brought into contact with the workpiece and further urged, whereby the thread rolling portion 11 and the knurl rolling portion 14 of the workpiece 10 are rolled at once. .

This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that, for a workpiece having two processing portions having the same processing diameter, the two processing portions are simultaneously processed by two sets of driving dies. It has become. By using two sets of the driving dies, the stability of the workpiece during the rolling process is increased, and the transmission of the rotational force from the driving dies to the workpiece is more assured. Also,
The present embodiment is also characterized in that only one driven die is used on one side only. If the processing load is small and the workpiece is in a stable state without blurring, it is possible to use only one of the driven dies, and the rolling machine can have a simpler structure.

<Third Embodiment> In this embodiment, thread rolling by a pair of driving dies, selection rolling by a pair of driven dies, and groove rolling by another pair of driven dies. This is a rolling processing method that combines processing. FIG.
Next, a diagram showing a state of the rolling process by the rolling process method of the present embodiment in a plan view from above is shown.

The workpiece 10 is a round bar having a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion. The small-diameter portion has a thread rolling portion 11, and the large-diameter portion has a serration rolling portion 13 and a groove rolling portion 12. Having. In the rolling method according to the present embodiment, the thread rolling portion 11 is rolled by the driving die 20, the serration rolling portion 13 is rolled by the driven die 30a, and the groove rolling portion 12 is rolled by the driven die 30b.

There are two die shafts on both sides of the workpiece 10, the drive die 20 and the driven die 30a are respectively mounted on the die shaft 41a, and the driven die 30b is mounted on the die shaft 41b. ing. Die shaft 4
The mounting structure of the driving die 20 and the driven die 30a with respect to 1a is the same as that of the first embodiment. When the driven die 30b is attached to the die shaft 41b, a bearing is interposed, and both sides are fixed by the fixtures 44, so that the driven die 30b can freely rotate.

The driving die 20 is rotated, and the die shaft 41 is rotated.
a, the outer peripheral portion 21 of the driving die 20 and the outer peripheral portion 35 of the driven die 30a are brought into contact with the workpiece, and the workpiece 10 is further urged by a screw. The rolling part 11 and the serrated rolling part 13 are rolled. Example 1 of this rolling process
This is the same as the rolling process.

The driven die 30b feeds and moves the die shaft 41b so as to approach the workpiece 10, and urges the outer peripheral portion 34 of the driven die 30b by contacting the groove rolling portion 12 of the workpiece. Thus, the driven die 30b is rotated by the rotation of the workpiece 10, and the groove rolling portion 12 is rolled. The feed movement of the driven die 30b, that is, the movement of the die shaft 41b is performed by a feed mechanism different from the die shaft 41a. Simultaneously with or after the start of the rolling process by the driving die 20, the feed movement is started so that the outer peripheral portion 34 of the driven die 30b comes into contact with the workpiece 10, and the driving die 20 moves the workpiece 1
The feeding movement of the driven die 30b is completed while the rotational force is applied to zero.

The feature of this embodiment lies in that the rolling process is performed by a plurality of sets of driven dies. By one process,
Performing rolling at a large number of places can be expected to improve productivity. Rolling with driven dies
The number of sets of driven dies is not limited as long as the processing load on the processing portion rolled by the driving dies is not excessive.

Another feature of this embodiment is that the die axis on which the driven die is mounted is different from the die axis of the driving die. The fact that the feed travel of the driven die is not limited by the feed travel of the drive die
Rolling processing deeper than the processing depth of the processing portion by the driving die can be performed on the workpiece by the driven die. In other words, when the processing load by the driven die is small, the rolling movement of the driven die is larger than that of the driving die during the rolling processing by the driving die, so that the rolling processing is deeper than the rolling processing by the driving die. You can do it. In addition, in the case where the processing parts are distant from each other, providing the die axis separately makes it possible to reduce the die feed mechanism itself.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the arrangement of the die shafts on the left and right of the workpiece as in the present embodiment.
A set of die axes may be arranged left and right, and another set of die axes may be arranged vertically. By doing so, it is possible to further suppress the movement of the workpiece during the rolling process. Further, when rolling is performed with a plurality of sets of driven dies, it is not always necessary to separate the die shaft as in the present embodiment, and even if a plurality of sets of driven dies are mounted on a common die shaft with the driving die. I do not care. In this case, it is possible to use one die feeding mechanism.

<Fourth Embodiment> This embodiment relates to a rolling method in which three driving dies and three driven dies are used as a set to perform thread rolling and groove rolling. FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of the rolling process by the rolling process of the present embodiment. 3 at three equally spaced positions in the circumferential direction of the workpiece 10
Two die shafts 41 are arranged, and one drive die 20 and one driven die 30 are mounted on each die shaft 41. Then, the three die shafts are moved so as to sandwich the workpiece 10 from three directions, and rolling is performed. The structures of the driving dies and the driven dies, the attachment to the die shaft, the method of moving the feed dies, and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

In the rolling process using one set of the driving dies and the driven dies as in this embodiment, the processing load per die can be reduced, and the rolling process with a large processing load is performed. This is advantageous. In addition, since the workpiece is sandwiched from three sides, the feed mechanism of the die becomes complicated, but there is very little blurring of the workpiece, and it is possible to perform rolling with good processing accuracy. In addition, it is also possible to carry out the rolling process by modifying the rolling process method of the present embodiment to use four or more drive dies and driven dies as one set.

[0046]

The rolling method according to the present invention is configured to combine rolling with a driving die and rolling with a driven die, and the workpiece is rotated by the driving dies. The driven die is rotated so as to synchronize with the rotation of the workpiece by the rotational force of the driven die. Since the rolling process of the present invention is configured as described above, even if the processing portion has a different processing diameter in one workpiece, the die and the workpiece can be formed in any of a plurality of processing portions. Without causing slippage between
Rolling with good processing accuracy is possible.

Therefore, if the rolling method of the present invention is adopted, the rolling processing of the processing portions having different processing diameters, which has conventionally been performed by two or more rolling machines or two or more steps by one rolling machine, can be performed. It can be performed in one process with one rolling machine, leading to space saving at the production site, reduction of equipment cost, simplification of the rolling process, improvement of productivity of the rolling process, and the like. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of a rolling process by a rolling process method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state of a rolling process by a rolling process method according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a plan view from above, and showing a cross section of a driving die and a driven die.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of a rolling process by a rolling process method according to a second embodiment of the present invention in a plan view from above.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of a rolling process by a rolling process method according to a third embodiment of the present invention in a plan view from above.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of a rolling process by a rolling process method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 10: Workpiece 11, 12, 13, 14: Rolled part 20: Drive die 21: Outer peripheral part (abutment surface of die) 30: Driven die 31: Die body 32: Cylindrical roller bearing 33: Needle thrust Roller bearings 33, 34, 36: Outer peripheral portion (contact surface of die) 41: Die shaft 42: Spacer 43, 44: Fixing tool 51: Rest

Claims (1)

[Claims] 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is located at different positions on one workpiece.
A rolling method for rolling the above-mentioned processed parts using two or more sets of round dies, wherein the two or more sets of round dies can apply a rotational force to the workpiece. The above-mentioned driving dies, and one or more sets of driven dies that rotate according to the rotation of the workpiece, wherein the one or more sets of the driving dies are one or more processing parts of the processing parts of the workpiece. The one or more driven dies are formed by rolling the one or more processing portions while rotating the workpiece by abutting the workpiece to urge the workpiece. By pressing the workpiece by abutting against one or more processing parts other than the processing part rolled by the driving die, the other part is rotated by the rotational force of the workpiece. Rolling processing characterized by rolling the above processing parts Method.