JP2000047182A - Liquid crystal display element and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element which suppresses the occurrence of display unevenness and color mixture and is excellent in display quality and temperature characteristics, and a method of manufacturing the same. A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device includes a TFT substrate, a counter substrate facing the TFT substrate, a TFT substrate, and a TFT substrate.
It has a liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 disposed between the substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, and a gap layer 6 a is provided between the counter substrate 2 and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. . Further, a side gap layer 6b is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the sealing material layer 15 and the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. This makes it possible to obtain a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device in which the occurrence of display unevenness, color mixture, and the like is suppressed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a method for applying an electric field to a liquid crystal polymer composite layer comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer compound. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element that changes a light scattering state to display an image and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A polymer-dispersed liquid layer display device is a display system utilizing the light scattering effect of a composite comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer compound, and is different from a conventional liquid crystal display device such as twisted nematic (TN). Differently, no polarizer is needed to obtain linearly polarized light. Therefore, because of its high light use efficiency, it is attracting attention as a next-generation liquid crystal display device, and is being actively researched and developed.

[0003] As such a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element, there is a so-called NCAP (Nematic Curviliner Aligned Phase) in which a nematic liquid crystal is microencapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol or the like. In addition, P
There is a so-called DLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) in which liquid crystal microdroplets are dispersed in a polymer matrix. Furthermore, PNLC (Polymer Network Liquid Cry
stal), a polymer resin in the liquid crystal continuous phase
Some have a structure that spreads in a three-dimensional network.

Hereinafter, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device called PDLC will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 14, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element has a display electrode 104.
A structure in which the composite layer 103 is sandwiched between the upper substrate 101 having the 104 formed thereon and the lower substrate 102. A color filter layer 106 is formed between the upper substrate 101 and the display electrode 104. The composite layer 10
3 is formed in close contact with the upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 102. The composite layer 103 has a structure in which liquid crystal microdroplets are dispersed in a matrix phase made of a polymer compound.

[0005] As described above, the composite layer 103 is
If the display screen is pressed by, for example, pen input when the display screen is pressed by, for example, a pen input, there is a problem that display unevenness occurs on the display screen when the display screen is in close contact with the first and lower substrates 102.

[0006] This problem will be described in detail below. FIG.
It is a top view when the conventional polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element is seen from the upper substrate 101 side. The point A shown in FIG.
When pressed from the second side, in a state where the composite layer 103 is in close contact with the upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 102, the composite layer 103 is bent together with the upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 102 (see FIG. 16). Thereby, the flexure portion 121 where the liquid crystal panel flexes most
In 121, between the upper substrate 101 and the composite layer 103,
And a shear stress 1 between the lower substrate 102 and the composite layer 103.
22 occur in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure. Due to the action of the shear stress 122, the minute space surrounded by the polymer resin has a smaller length in a direction perpendicular to the upper substrate 101 than in a direction parallel to the upper substrate 101 from a spherical initial state. It is deformed into a flat minute space (see FIG. 17).
As a result, the liquid crystal molecules confined in the flat minute space are arranged in the shear stress direction. Therefore, when the electric field is turned off, the transmitted light is scattered in the region 111 to give a cloudy appearance. However, in the wing-shaped region 110, the refractive index in the incident direction becomes smaller, the scattering becomes weaker,
It has a slightly transparent appearance and causes display unevenness on the display screen (see FIG. 15). On the other hand, when the electric field is ON, the threshold voltage in the wing-shaped region 110 is smaller than that in the region 111, and the threshold voltage varies. Therefore, also in this case, display unevenness occurs.

In the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device, the composite layer 103 expands or contracts due to a change in ambient temperature. There is a problem that display unevenness occurs.

[0008] The above-mentioned display unevenness is caused by, for example, heat shock in which the liquid crystal display device is left in a high temperature environment for a certain period of time and then cooled to room temperature in order to evaluate the reliability of the temperature characteristics of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device. It occurs when performing the inspection step described above. That is, when the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is left at a high temperature for a certain period of time, as shown in FIG.
03 expands. Here, under the above environment, the composite layer 1
Since the viscosity of the composite layer 103 rapidly decreases, the fluidity of the composite layer 103 increases. The upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 10
2 is fixed by a sealing material 105. Therefore, the composite layer 103 receives pressure from the upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 102 in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. As a result,
When the polymer resin or the like flows into the central portion of the liquid crystal panel, the central portion further expands (see FIG. 18C). Next, when the liquid crystal panel is cooled to room temperature, the composite layer 103 is cooled.
The fluidity decreases due to an increase in the viscosity of the sealing material 105.
The liquid crystal density in the vicinity is reduced, and as a result, the sealing material 10
A crack 110 is generated in the vicinity of 5 (see FIG. 18D). As a result, streak-like display unevenness occurs at the periphery of the display screen.

Further, in the above-mentioned conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device, the color mixture between the color material films R (red), G (green), and B (blue) in the color filter layer 106 is reduced.
There is a problem that the light utilization efficiency is reduced by the black matrix.

That is, as shown in FIG. 19, incident light, for example, incident from the lower substrate 102 side is scattered when entering the composite layer 103. Here, a part of the scattered incident light is absorbed by the black matrix, causing light loss.
On the other hand, other light passes through the composite layer 103 and reaches the color material film G in the color filter layer 106. Furthermore,
When the light enters the upper substrate 101 from the color material film G, the light is scattered radially. Here, when the upper substrate 101 is made of glass or the like, its refractive index _ng (for example, _ng = 1.5) is larger than the refractive index n _air (= 1.0) in _air . Therefore, some of the scattered light is totally reflected at the boundary between the upper substrate 101 and the air. When the totally reflected light enters the adjacent color material film B, color mixing occurs.

Further, the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device has the following problems. That is, an electric field is applied to the composite layer 103, and the display state is inspected for a point defect or a line defect on the display screen. This inspection process is performed after injecting a liquid crystal material into the assembled empty cell to form a liquid crystal cell (this is
The same applies to a conventional liquid crystal display device such as an N-type.
Therefore, when a defect of the display screen or the like due to a defect of the composite layer 103 or the like is confirmed, even the counter substrate including the expensive color filter layer and the like is discarded.
There is a problem that the cost is increased.

In summary, the above-mentioned conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device has the following problems. That is, display unevenness occurs due to bending of the liquid crystal panel and heat shock for reliability evaluation.

When color display is performed by providing a color filter layer, color mixing between the color material films R, G, and B occurs, and light use efficiency is reduced due to light loss due to a black matrix. .

If a defect is found by the display inspection, even the counter substrate provided with an expensive color filter layer and the like is discarded, resulting in an increase in cost.

[0015]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device having excellent temperature characteristics and display quality, and its production. It is to provide a method.

[0016]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect has at least a first liquid crystal display device.
A first substrate having a display electrode; and a second substrate facing the first substrate.
A liquid crystal polymer composite layer containing a liquid crystal and a polymer compound is provided between the second substrate provided with the display electrode, and an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to form a liquid crystal polymer composite layer. A liquid crystal display element for changing the light scattering state of a layer to display an image, wherein the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is fixed to the first substrate, and between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, A gap layer is provided, and the area of the gap layer in the substrate plane is within a range including at least the entire display area.

According to the above configuration, the gap layer is formed between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and the counter substrate within a range including at least the entire display area corresponding to the display screen. Therefore, for example, when the gap layer is provided in the entire region between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer are not in contact with each other in the entire region. . Therefore, even if a pressing force is applied from the outside, no shear stress is generated. Further, for example, when the gap layer is provided only in the display area between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, in the range of the display area,
Even when a pressing force is applied from the outside, no shear stress is generated within the range, and no display unevenness occurs. On the other hand, outside the display area, shear stress may occur,
Even if shear stress is generated, no display unevenness occurs in the display area as described above, and therefore no problem occurs as a liquid crystal display element. Therefore, at least in the display region, the generation of regions having different light scattering properties due to the effect of shear stress can be suppressed, and display unevenness on the display screen can be reduced.

That is, when the gap layer is provided as described above, a function of preventing the occurrence of shear stress caused by bending or the like can be added. This makes it possible to provide a liquid crystal display device which is excellent in display quality such as reducing display unevenness and has improved yield. The liquid crystal polymer composite layer is not particularly limited as long as it is composed of a liquid crystal and a polymer compound and changes the light scattering state when an electric field is applied. Specifically, for example, a configuration in which liquid crystal microdroplets are dispersed in a matrix phase made of a polymer compound may be used, or some of the liquid crystal microdroplets may exist in a state where they are in contact with each other and continue. . Further, a structure in which a polymer compound is formed in a three-dimensional network and liquid crystal microdroplets are held and dispersed in the network may be used.

Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to claim 2.
The liquid crystal display element according to the above, between the first substrate provided with at least a first display electrode, and a second substrate provided with a second display electrode facing the first substrate, a liquid crystal and a polymer compound Having a structure in which a liquid crystal polymer composite layer including the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together with a sealant interposed therebetween at the periphery of the first substrate and the second substrate, and an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. do it,
In a liquid crystal display element for changing the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer for display, the liquid crystal polymer composite layer is fixed to the first substrate, and the second substrate is connected to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. Between them, a gap layer is provided, and the region of the gap layer in the substrate plane is within a range including at least the entire display region.

As described above, even in the case of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device in which the peripheral portions of the first and second substrates are bonded to each other via a sealing material, the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite A configuration in which a gap layer is provided between the layers can be applied.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having at least a first display electrode; and a second display electrode facing the first substrate. A structure in which a liquid crystal polymer composite layer containing a liquid crystal and a polymer compound is provided between a second substrate and a peripheral portion of the first substrate and the second substrate bonded to each other via a sealing material. Wherein an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to change the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and display the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The composite layer is fixed, a gap layer is provided between the second substrate and the polymer liquid crystal composite layer, and a region of the gap layer in the substrate surface is within a range including at least a part of the display region. Is characterized in that:

According to the above configuration, the area where the gap layer is provided is formed within a range including at least a part of the display area. Therefore, when the gap layer is provided in a part of the display area between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, the gap is provided from the outside within the display area where the gap layer is provided. Even when the pressing force acts, no shear stress is generated within the range, and no display unevenness occurs. On the other hand, in the display region where the gap layer is not provided, there is a possibility that shear stress is generated. However, even if shear stress is generated, as described above, the gap layer provided in a part of the display region is provided. Thereby, the action of shear stress is greatly reduced. Therefore, generation of regions having different light scattering properties can be suppressed, and display unevenness on the display screen can be reduced.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having at least a first display electrode; and a second display electrode facing the first substrate. A structure in which a liquid crystal polymer composite layer containing a liquid crystal and a polymer compound is provided between a second substrate and a peripheral portion of the first substrate and the second substrate bonded to each other via a sealing material. A liquid crystal display element having an electric field applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to change the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to display the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The composite layer is fixed, and a gap layer is provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and a region of the gap layer in the substrate plane is set to a range including at least a region near the seal material. There is a feature.

In the above configuration, even if the volume of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer expands or contracts due to a change in ambient temperature,
Since the gap layer formed at least in the region near the sealing material is relaxed, the generation of the crack can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of streak-like display unevenness due to the crack.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein:
A side gap layer is provided between an outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing material.

In the above configuration, even if the volume of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer expands or contracts due to a change in ambient temperature, no polymer compound or liquid crystal exists in the vicinity of the seal material where cracks occur. Since the layer is provided, the occurrence of the crack can be completely prevented. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of streak-like display unevenness due to the crack.

Further, even if the seal material is formed and the shape of the seal material is spread laterally, for example, the shape of the seal material is distorted and bleeding of the seal material is caused. Mixing with the molecular complex layer can be prevented. In addition, when a certain distance is provided between the sealing material and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, it is not necessary to perform accurate positioning so that a predetermined pattern is formed when printing the sealing material.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects,
The gap layer is a fluidized bed.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth aspect, the gap layer and the side gap layer are fluidized layers.

The fluidized bed does not have a fixed shape, and is a layer having uniform fluidity that easily deforms when an external force is applied. Therefore, even if the liquid crystal display element is pressed, the gap layer and the side gap layer are formed as a fluidized layer as described above, so that the shear stress is generated between the first and second substrates and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. Can be prevented, and the deflection itself of the liquid crystal display element can be reduced.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the sixth or seventh aspect, the fluidized bed comprises:
It is characterized by being made of air.

According to the above configuration, even if the fluidized bed is made of air, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element in which display unevenness due to pressure and streaky display unevenness due to cracks are reduced.
That is, since a special material is not used as a material for the fluidized bed, a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality without any cost burden can be provided.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to the sixth or seventh aspect, the fluidized layer contains a liquid crystal material.

According to the above configuration, even when the fluidized layer contains a liquid crystal material, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element in which display unevenness due to pressure and streaky display unevenness due to cracks are reduced.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display element according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the gap layer is a vacuum layer.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the liquid crystal display element according to the fourth aspect, wherein the gap layer and the side gap layer are formed of a vacuum layer.

As a result, foreign substances such as dust can be prevented from being mixed in the gap layer and the side gap layer, and the display quality can be further improved.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the liquid crystal display element according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein a surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer facing the first substrate is provided. Has the first display electrode formed thereon, and the second display electrode is formed on the surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer facing the second substrate.

As described above, by forming display electrodes on both sides of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer facing the first and second substrates, an electric field can be applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. it can.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, an optical color filter layer is provided on an inner surface of the second substrate. It is characterized by being.

By providing an optical color filter layer as described above, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of color display.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the thirteenth aspect, the refractive index n of the second substrate is set to n.
_g is satisfied if it meets the larger relationship than the refractive index n _air of the air, the refractive index n _g of the second substrate, the relationship between the refractive indices n _x Togashiki gap layer (1), and the the refractive index n _p of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, characterized by satisfying the relation of the refractive indices n _x Togashiki gap layer (2). n _g > n _x (1) n _p > n _x (2)

For example, when light is irradiated from the first substrate side by backlight light or the like, incident light is scattered when entering the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. Here, by setting as in the above equation (1), a part of the scattered light is totally reflected at the boundary between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and the gap layer. The part of the scattered light totally reflected at the boundary may be one that may be indirectly incident on the adjacent color material film by being totally reflected at the boundary between the second substrate and the air. , And light absorbed by the black matrix. Therefore, by providing the gap layer, some of the scattered light that causes color mixing is eliminated before reaching the color filter layer, and the light absorbed by the black matrix is reduced. As a result, the occurrence of color mixing can be reduced, the light use efficiency can be increased, and the display screen can be brightened.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, an optical reflecting member for reflecting light is provided on an inner surface of the second substrate. It is characterized by being provided.

By providing an optical reflection member on the inner surface of the second substrate as described above, it is possible to provide a reflection type liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality, such as preventing display unevenness.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer are provided in the gap layer. And a support member is provided so that the distance between them is a predetermined distance.

As described above, by dispersing and disposing the support members in the gap layer provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, for example, the gap layer is a vacuum layer. However, the gap layer can be reliably provided with a predetermined gap.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 17 includes a first substrate having at least a first display electrode and a second display electrode facing the first substrate. A liquid crystal polymer composite layer containing a liquid crystal and a polymer compound is provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element for changing and displaying
A first step of forming a switching element on a substrate and a first display electrode electrically connected to the switching element; and a second step of forming a liquid crystal polymer composite layer on the first display electrode. A third step of forming a second display electrode on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer;
A fourth step of inspecting the display state by applying a voltage to the second display electrode; and, based on the inspection result of the fourth step, only the liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a good display state has a liquid crystal height. A fifth step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate such that a predetermined gap is formed between the molecular composite layer and the second substrate.

According to the above method, since the inspection is performed before the substrate bonding step, even if a defect is confirmed, it is not necessary to discard the second substrate as in the conventional case. Therefore, when manufacturing the liquid crystal display element, the cost can be reduced, and the manufacturing can be performed with an improved yield.

Further, according to the above method, in the fifth step, the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded so that a predetermined gap is formed between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and the second substrate. As a result, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element having improved display quality by preventing cracks caused by a change in ambient temperature and display unevenness caused by bending of the liquid crystal panel.

According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to the seventeenth aspect, the second substrate used in the fifth step has an optical color filter layer previously formed on the surface thereof. It is characterized by being.

According to the above method, a liquid crystal display device capable of color display can be manufactured while reducing the cost and improving the yield.

[0053]

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. However, parts that are not necessary for description are omitted, and some parts are illustrated exaggerated or reduced for ease of description. The above applies to the following drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element has a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) as a first substrate.
or) a substrate 1, a counter substrate 2 as a second substrate facing the TFT substrate 1, and a liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 disposed between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate 2. The above TFT
On the inner surface of the substrate 1, TF as a switching element
T (not shown) and a display electrode 3 as a first display electrode electrically connected to the TFT are formed.
In addition, a sealing material layer 15 for bonding the TFT substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 is formed in a frame shape on the periphery of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element. Further, an opposing electrode 4 as a second display electrode is formed on the inner surface of the opposing substrate 2. Further, a gap layer 6 a is provided between the counter electrode 4 and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. The region of the gap layer 6a in the substrate surface extends over the entire surface of the substrate except for the sealing material layer 15. In other words, the gap layer 6a is provided in the entire area including the display area corresponding to the display screen.
The display region corresponds to a region where the TFT array is formed on the substrate surface. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a frame-shaped side gap layer 6b is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the sealing material layer 15 and the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. Note that spacers 8 as support members are dispersedly arranged in the gap layer 6a so as to have a predetermined interval.

The TFT substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 are transparent substrates made of, for example, glass or quartz. The display electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 are transparent conductive films made of, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO).

The liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 has a structure in which liquid crystal microdroplets are dispersed in a matrix phase composed of a polymer compound. Here, the existence form of the liquid crystal microdroplets is not limited to this. For example, a part of the liquid crystal microdroplets may be present in a state of being in contact with each other and continuing. Further, a structure in which a polymer compound is formed in a three-dimensional network and liquid crystal microdroplets are held and dispersed in the network may be used.

As the liquid crystal, various liquid crystals such as a nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, and a smectic liquid crystal which show a liquid crystal state at around normal temperature can be used. These liquid crystals are 1
Seeds may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination. The polymer compound is not particularly limited as long as it has optical transparency, and various conventionally known compounds can be employed.

The gap layer 6 a and the side gap layer 6, which are the main components of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment,
b is a fluidized bed made of air or the like. It is more preferable that the air has a low humidity since contamination of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is small. In this embodiment, another gas such as nitrogen or argon may be used.

Here, by providing the gap layer 6a as described above, a function of preventing the occurrence of shear stress due to bending or the like can be added. For example, when pressed from the outside of the lower surface of the TFT substrate 1, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element becomes as shown in FIG.
Deflected as shown in FIG. However, since the gap layer 6a is formed on one side of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5, and the counter substrate 2 is not in contact with the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5, the occurrence of shear stress can be prevented. . Therefore, even if the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is bent, a region having a different scattering property does not occur,
Display unevenness on the display screen can be reduced.

Although the gap layer 6a is provided in the whole area including the display area in the above example, the gap layer 6a may be provided only in the display area. With such a configuration, even if a pressing force is applied from the outside in the range of the display area, no shear stress is generated in the range and no display unevenness occurs. On the other hand, outside the display region, shear stress may be generated, but even if shear stress is generated, no display unevenness occurs within the display region, so that no problem occurs as a liquid crystal display element. . Therefore, at least in the display region, the generation of regions having different light scattering properties due to the effect of shear stress can be suppressed, and display unevenness on the display screen can be reduced.

The side gap layer 6b is provided in a frame shape between the inner peripheral surface of the sealing material layer 15 and the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 as described above. Therefore, even when a reliability test such as a heat shock is performed, the generation of the crack can be completely prevented because no polymer compound or liquid crystal exists in the vicinity of the sealing material layer 15 where the crack occurs. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of streak-like display unevenness due to the crack. Furthermore,
For example, the line width of the formation pattern of the sealing material layer 15 is expanded horizontally.
It is possible to prevent the sealing material layer 15 from being mixed with the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 due to the shape collapse and the bleeding of the sealing material layer 15. In addition, the accuracy requirement at the time of printing the sealing material layer 15 can be eased.

In order to display a color on the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, a color filter layer 31 is provided between the opposing substrate 2 and the opposing electrode 4 as shown in FIG.
May be provided. The color filter layer 31 includes a color material film R, G, B, and a black matrix 32. Here, we provide the color material films R, G, B in the color filter layer 31 by providing the gap layer 6a.
It has been found that the occurrence of color mixture between them and the light loss due to the black matrix 32 can be suppressed.

Consider, for example, the color material film G in the color filter layer 31. As shown in FIG. 5, when light is irradiated from the TFT substrate 1 side by backlight light or the like, the incident light is scattered when entering the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. Here, when the relationship between the refractive index _ng of the opposing substrate 2 and the refractive index n _{air of air} is _ng > n _air , the refractive index n _p of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and the refractive index of the gap layer 6a. The relationship with the rate _nx is _defined as n _p > n _x (1). Further, the refractive index _ng of the TFT substrate 1 and the gap layer 6a
The relationship between the refractive indices n _x a, and _{n g> n x ... (2} ). In this case, as is apparent from the above equation (1), a part of the scattered light scattered when entering the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 is transferred to the boundary between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and the gap layer 6a. Is totally reflected. Here, a part of the scattered light totally reflected at the boundary may be indirectly incident on the adjacent color material film B by being totally reflected at the boundary between the counter substrate 2 and the air. Some include light absorbed by the black matrix 32. Therefore, by providing the gap layer 6a and using the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5, the gap layer 6a, and the TFT substrate 1 as a material having a refractive index that satisfies the relationship of the above equations (1) and (2), A part of the scattered light that causes the mixing is eliminated in advance before reaching the color filter layer 31, and the light absorbed by the black matrix 32 can be reduced. As a result, the occurrence of color mixing is reduced,
The use efficiency of light can be increased, and the display screen can be brightened.

The gap of the gap layer 6a is
It is necessary to set in consideration of the relationship with the pitch of the color material films R, G, and B in the color filter layer 31. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the pitch of each of the color material films R, G, and B is P (μm), and the width of the black matrix 32 is d (μm).
m), the aperture ratio _Op (%) is expressed as follows: _Op (%) = 100 × (Pd) ² / P ² (3) Here, for example, in order for the aperture ratio to be 40% or more, _Op (%) = 100 × (P−d) ² / P ² ≧ 40 (4) Thus, the relationship between P and d is represented by d ≦ P {1− (0.4) ^1/2 } (5).

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, when the light incident from the TFT substrate 1 is scattered at the boundary between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and the gap layer 6a, the angle between the straight light and the scattered light is determined. θ. In the above case, the gap L of the gap layer 6a
(Μm) and the distance x (μm) of the point at which the straight light and the scattered light reach the color filter layer 31, x = L
Tan θ. To prevent the scattered light from directly entering the adjacent color material film, x only needs to be within the range where the black matrix 32 is formed. That is, it is only necessary to satisfy the relationship of x ≦ d. Therefore, L · tan θ ≦ d (6) As a result, from the relations of the above equations (5) and (6), L · tan θ ≦ P {1− (0.4) ^1/2 } (7) Therefore, the gap L of the gap layer 6a is set based on the following equation: L ≦ P · {1− (0.4) ^1/2 } / tan θ (8) By setting the gap of the gap layer 6a as described above, it is possible to prevent a part of the light scattered at the boundary between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and the gap layer 6a from entering the adjacent color material film. it can. FIG. 7 shows that the angle θ between the straight light and the scattered light is 40, 50,
The relationship between the pitch P of the color material films R, G, and B and the gap L of the gap layer 6a at 60 degrees is shown. P of ordinary notebook personal computers and monitors is in the range of 80 to 120 μm, and the highest definition is about 30 to 50 μm. Therefore, an aperture ratio of 40%
In the case described above, the gap L is changed according to the value of P in FIG.
May be set within the range shown in FIG. In the above description, the case where the aperture ratio is 40% or more is described.
The gap a can be set relatively arbitrarily according to the value of the aperture ratio to be set. Accordingly, the above description can be similarly discussed for other values of the aperture ratio.

Next, a method of manufacturing the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment will be described.

That is, a thin film transistor (TFT; Thin Film Transistor) is formed on the TFT substrate 1 by a conventionally known method.
or). Further, a liquid crystal polymer mixture (for example, trade name: PNM201, manufactured by Roddick Co., Ltd.) containing a liquid crystal material and a polymer material as main materials is applied on the TFT substrate 1 by a printing method. A mixture layer (not shown) was formed. The thickness of the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer is 10
μm.

Next, a high-pressure mercury lamp (USHIO Inc.)
) Was used as a light source to irradiate the liquid crystal polymer mixture layer to polymerize. Thus, a liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 in which liquid crystal droplets were dispersed in the polymer compound was formed. still,
The irradiation conditions were as follows: irradiation intensity 120 mw / cm ² , irradiation time 1
5 sec. Further, spherical spacers (silica spheres, manufactured by Catalyst Chemicals, Inc.) 8 having a diameter of 1 μm were sprayed on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 so that the distribution density became uniform.

Next, an ultraviolet-curing sealing material (trade name: Word Lock 704, manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the periphery of the TFT substrate 1 so as to form a frame. At this time, the ultraviolet-curable sealing material and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5
The ultraviolet-curable sealing material was formed such that a predetermined interval was provided between them. Thereafter, the counter substrate 2 (manufactured by Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.) provided with the counter electrode 4 and the color filter layer 31 so that the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and the counter electrode 4 face each other, and the TFT substrate 1 And were bonded in the atmosphere. When bonding both substrates, 0.2kg / c
This was performed while pressing with a pressure of m ² . Further, ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the ultraviolet-curable sealing material. Irradiation conditions include, for example, an energy density of 70 mW / cm ² ,
The irradiation time was 30 seconds. Thereby, the gap layer 6a made of air is provided between the counter substrate 2 and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5.
The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Example 1 in which was formed was obtained.

When the cross section of the liquid crystal panel obtained as described above was observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), it was confirmed that the gap layer 6a was formed. Further, when a pressing force was applied to the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment to cause it to bend, display unevenness due to a change in the scattering property of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 was not visually recognized.

(Embodiment 2) Embodiment 2 of the present invention is described below with reference to FIG.
Note that components having the same functions as those of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the second embodiment is different from the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment in that the gap layer 6a and the side gap layer 6b are provided.
Are different from each other in that a vacuum layer 26 is provided.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device includes a TFT
Except for performing the step of bonding the substrate 1 and the counter electrode 2 in a vacuum, it can be obtained by performing the same steps as in the first embodiment.

Further, when the cross section of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the second embodiment was observed by SEM, it was found that the spacer 8 was embedded in the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 due to the atmospheric pressure. It was confirmed that the vacuum layer 26 was formed. Further, when a pressing force was applied to the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the second embodiment to bend it, no display unevenness was visually recognized on the display screen.

(Embodiment 3) Embodiment 3 of the present invention is described below with reference to FIG.
Note that components having the same functions as those of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment differs from the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment in that the color filter layer 31 is added to the optical reflection member 41. The differences are different.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is obtained by performing the same steps as in the first embodiment, except that a light-reflective metal film such as aluminum (Al) is formed on the counter substrate 2. can get. The method for forming the optical reflection member 41 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be employed.

When the thus obtained polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 3 was bent by applying a pressing force, no display unevenness was visually recognized on the display screen.

(Embodiment 4) Embodiment 4 of the present invention is described below with reference to FIG. Note that components having the same functions as those of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment is different from the structure of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment in that the gap layer 6a and the side gap layer 6b are provided.
Is filled with a fluidized layer containing a liquid crystal material to form a liquid crystal layer 36. The liquid crystal material is not particularly limited as long as it has transparency and fluidity, and various conventionally known materials can be employed.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in the first embodiment. However, the UV-curable sealing material was applied onto one of the TFT substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 so that the application shape was a frame-like pattern lacking the liquid crystal inlet. Subsequently, a liquid crystal material (trade name: ZLI2254, manufactured by Merck) was injected by a vacuum injection method, and the liquid crystal injection port was sealed to form a liquid crystal layer 36.

When the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the fourth embodiment obtained as described above was bent by applying a pressing force, the display unevenness of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 was not visually recognized. Was.

(Embodiment 5) Embodiment 5 of the present invention is described below with reference to FIG. Note that components having the same functions as those of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

In the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment, the counter electrode 4 has a liquid-crystal polymer composite layer as compared with the structure of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment. 5 is different. Further, in the manufacturing process of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element, an inspection step for inspecting a display state is performed.

In the same manner as in the first embodiment, the display electrode 3 was formed on the TFT substrate 1, and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 was formed on the display electrode 3. Subsequently, ITO is deposited on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 by a sputtering method,
Unnecessary parts are removed by photolithography,
The counter electrode 4 was formed.

Next, before bonding the TFT substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2, an inspection process for inspecting the display state of the TFT substrate 1 was performed. That is, a power supply was connected to the display electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4, and an electric field was applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 by TFT driving. As a result, the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 becomes cloudy when the voltage is turned off, while the voltage is turned on.
Sometimes it becomes a transparent state and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 or TF
The operation state such as T could be inspected. Where TF
If a defect such as a point defect or a line defect is found on the T substrate 1,
Only the TFT substrate 1 was discarded. As described above, since the inspection process is performed before the TFT substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 are bonded to each other, even if a defect is found in the TFT substrate 1, it is not necessary to discard the counter substrate 2 and the like together with the TFT substrate 1, As a result, the cost can be reduced and the yield can be improved.

Further, as in the first embodiment, T
UV curable sealing material is applied to the periphery of the FT substrate 1,
The TFT substrate 1 was bonded to the counter substrate 2 provided with the counter electrode 4 and the color filter layer 31 in the air. Subsequently, ultraviolet rays were irradiated to cure the ultraviolet-curable sealing material, whereby a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment was obtained.

In the inspection step, the film on which the transparent conductive film was deposited was pressed against the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 without directly depositing the transparent conductive film on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5,
The same operation can be performed by driving T. In this case, after the inspection is completed, the film is peeled off, and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and the opposing substrate 2 are again set to have a predetermined interval.
What is necessary is just to bond the TFT substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 together.

(Embodiment 6) Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described below. Components having the same functions as those of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

The structure of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment, but the manufacturing thereof will be described below. I went like that.

That is, the TFT on which the TFT, the display electrode 3 and the like are formed is formed.
On the FT substrate 1, a liquid crystal polymer mixture containing a liquid crystal material and a polymer material as main materials (for example, a trade name: PNM20)
1, a product made by Roddick Co., Ltd.) and a spherical spacer 8 (particle size: 10 μm) are dropped with a syringe,
A liquid crystal polymer mixture layer was formed.

Next, a silane coupler (a coupling agent of a silane-based polymer) as a material having a water-repellent action is applied on a glass substrate by a spinner and cured.
Water repellent treatment was applied. Further, at the periphery of the glass substrate,
For example, a mask made of Cr (chromium) or the like is formed in a frame shape by a sputtering method. The material having the water-repellent action is not limited to the above, and examples thereof include a fluorine-based polymer compound.

Subsequently, the glass substrate subjected to the water repellent treatment and the TFT substrate 1 coated with the liquid crystal polymer mixture were bonded together and pressed until a predetermined cell gap was reached. Further, the liquid crystal polymer mixture was irradiated with ultraviolet rays from outside to polymerize the mixture, thereby forming a liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. On this occasion,
Since a mask is formed on the periphery of the glass substrate,
The liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 was formed only in the display area. By doing so, it is possible to secure an area for forming the sealing material layer 15 and the side gap layer 6b in a later step. Subsequently, the glass substrate was peeled off, and a liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 having a uniform film thickness was formed on the TFT substrate 1.

Thereafter, TF is set in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
An ultraviolet-curable sealing material was applied to the periphery of the T substrate 1 so that the application shape became a frame shape. Further, a counter substrate 2 provided with a counter electrode 4 and a color filter layer 31 is connected to a TFT.
The substrate 1 was bonded in the air while being pressed at a predetermined pressure. As a result, a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 6 was obtained.

When the above-obtained polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device was bent by applying a pressing force, no display unevenness was visually recognized on the display screen.

(Other Embodiments) In each of the above embodiments, the gap layer 6a is formed between the counter substrate 2 and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 and over the entire surface, and the side gap layer 6b is formed. Is formed in a frame shape between the inner peripheral surface of the sealing material layer 15 and the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5, but the present invention is not limited to this. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the inner peripheral surface of the sealing material layer 15 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 over the entire circumference, and the side gap layer 6b does not exist completely. The sealing material layer 1 may have a structure.
5 has a structure in which the inner peripheral surface is partially in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5, and the side gap layer 6b is partially present along the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5. You may.

Further, as shown in FIG.
b is completely absent, and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 is formed in a stepped shape with its central portion 5a protruding upward, and the central portion 5a is in contact with the counter electrode 4 to form a gap. The structure in which the layer 6 a exists only in the region near the sealing material layer 15 may be used.

Further, in the third embodiment, the mode in which the optical reflection member is provided on the counter substrate side has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. Specifically, a reflective type may be employed by adopting a metal material having light reflectivity such as aluminum (Al) for one of the first display electrode and the second display electrode.
Further, even when the array substrate is a light-reflective substrate containing Si or the like, the present invention can be applied to a reflective liquid crystal display device. Further, a light-reflecting reflector or the like may be provided outside the liquid crystal display element.

Comparative Example 1 The comparative polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element has a gap layer 6a and a side gap layer 6b as compared with the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment. The difference is that they are not. The comparative polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device was prepared as follows.

That is, a pair of substrates each having a transparent conductive film or the like formed thereon were bonded at a predetermined interval with a glass spacer interposed. Then, between the two bonded substrates,
A liquid crystal polymer mixture (trade name: PNM201, manufactured by Roddick Co., Ltd.) containing a liquid crystal material and a polymer material as main materials is injected by a vacuum injection method, and is irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a predetermined irradiation intensity from the outside to polymerize. Was. Thus, a liquid crystal display device for comparison in which a liquid crystal polymer composite layer in which liquid crystal droplets were dispersed in a polymer compound was disposed. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, when a pressing force was applied to the comparative liquid crystal display element to bend the liquid crystal display element, a weakly scattering region appeared in a part, and display unevenness was visually recognized.

As described above, from the comparison of the results in Embodiments 1 to 4 and 6 with Comparative Example 1, it was found that the predetermined distance between the opposing substrate 2 and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer 5 was determined. It has been confirmed that when the gap layers 6a are provided at intervals of, even when a pressing force is applied to the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element to bend it, display unevenness does not occur on the display screen.

[0102]

The present invention has the following effects.

Even if the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element bends due to, for example, pressing force applied to the substrate surface, the gap layer is provided between the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and one of the substrates. To prevent shear stress from occurring. As a result, there is an effect that regions having different scattering properties do not occur on the display screen, and the occurrence of display unevenness can be reduced.

Even if the volume of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer expands or contracts due to a change in ambient temperature, a side gap layer is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the sealing material layer and the outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. Is provided, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks in the liquid crystal polymer composite layer near the sealing material layer. Thereby, there is an effect that generation of streak-like display unevenness due to the crack can be prevented.

The effect of reducing the occurrence of color mixture between the color material films R, G, and B and suppressing the decrease in light use efficiency due to the black matrix can be obtained.

Since the display inspection of the switching element, the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and the like is performed in advance before the substrate bonding step, even if a defect or the like is found, the opposing substrate provided with the optical color filter layer and the like is provided. Need not be disposed of. Therefore, there is an effect that the yield can be improved and the cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state when the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment is pressed.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view showing a light scattering state in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a gap of a gap layer of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the pitch P of the color material film and the gap L of the gap layer in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment.
6 is a graph showing a relationship with the graph.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory view schematically showing display unevenness in the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a state when the above-mentioned conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is pressed.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory view showing a deformed state of a liquid crystal microdrop when the conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element is pressed.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing a crack generation mechanism when the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display element is subjected to heat shock.

FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a light scattering state in the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 TFT substrate (first substrate) 2 opposing substrate (second substrate) 3 display electrode (first display electrode) 4 opposing electrode (second display electrode) 5 liquid crystal polymer composite layer 6a gap layer 6b side gap layer 8 Spacer 15 Sealing material layer 26 Vacuum layer 36 Liquid crystal layer 31 Color filter layer 41 Optical reflection member n _p Refractive index of liquid crystal polymer composite layer n _x Refractive index of gap layer

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer compound between a first substrate having at least a first display electrode and a second substrate having a second display electrode opposed to the first substrate. A liquid crystal display element provided with a molecular composite layer, and applying an electric field to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to change and display the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer; The liquid crystal polymer composite layer is fixed,
A liquid crystal display characterized in that a gap layer is provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and the area of the gap layer in the substrate plane is at least within a range including the entire display area. element. 2. A liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer compound between a first substrate having at least a first display electrode and a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second display electrode. Having a structure in which a molecular composite layer is provided and the peripheral portions of the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other via a sealing material;
An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to change the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and display the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on the first substrate. Stuck,
A liquid crystal display characterized in that a gap layer is provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and the area of the gap layer in the substrate plane is at least within a range including the entire display area. element. 3. A liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer compound between a first substrate having at least a first display electrode and a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second display electrode. Having a structure in which a molecular composite layer is provided and the peripheral portions of the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other via a sealing material;
An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to change the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and display the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The polymer liquid crystal composite layer is formed on the first substrate. Stuck,
A gap layer is provided between the second substrate and the polymer liquid crystal composite layer, and a region of the gap layer in the substrate plane is within a range including at least a part of the display region. Liquid crystal display element. 4. A liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal and a polymer compound between a first substrate having at least a first display electrode and a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second display electrode. Having a structure in which a molecular composite layer is provided and the peripheral portions of the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other via a sealing material;
An electric field is applied to the liquid crystal polymer composite layer to change the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and display the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. The liquid crystal polymer composite layer is formed on the first substrate. Stuck,
A liquid crystal, characterized in that a gap layer is provided between the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and a region of the gap layer in the substrate surface is at least in a range including a region near the sealing material. Display element. 5. A side gap layer is provided between an outer peripheral surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing material. Any one
Liquid crystal display element according to any one of the above. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the gap layer is a fluidized bed. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the gap layer and the side gap layers are fluidized beds. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the fluidized bed is made of air. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the fluidized bed contains a liquid crystal material. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the gap layer comprises a vacuum layer. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein the gap layer and the side gap layers are formed of a vacuum layer. 12. The first display electrode is formed on a surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer facing the first substrate, and a surface of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer facing the second substrate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the second display electrode is formed in the liquid crystal display device. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an optical color filter layer is provided on an inner surface of the second substrate. 14. refractive index n _g of the second substrate, if it meets the larger relationship than the refractive index n _air of the air, the refractive index n _g of the second substrate, and the refractive indices n _x of the gap layer claim but satisfy the relationship of formula (1), and characterized by satisfying the refractive index n _p of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, the relationship between the refractive indices n _x Togashiki gap layer (2) 14. The liquid crystal display device according to item 13. n _g > n _x (1) n _p > n _x (2) 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an optical reflection member for reflecting light is provided on an inner surface of the second substrate. . 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the gap layer is provided with a support member such that the second substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer have a predetermined distance. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 15. 17. A first device having at least a first display electrode
A second substrate having a second display electrode facing the first substrate;
A liquid crystal polymer composite layer containing a liquid crystal and a polymer compound is provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal polymer composite layer, and an electric field is applied to change the light scattering state of the liquid crystal polymer composite layer. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element for displaying a display, comprising: a first step of forming a switching element and a first display electrode electrically connected to the switching element on the first substrate; A second step of forming a liquid crystal polymer composite layer on the display electrode; a third step of forming a second display electrode on the liquid crystal polymer composite layer; A fourth step of inspecting a display state by applying a voltage; and, based on an inspection result of the fourth step, only a liquid crystal polymer composite layer having a good display state and a fourth liquid crystal polymer composite layer. There will be a predetermined gap between the two substrates , The first
5. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a fifth step of bonding a substrate and a second substrate. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein an optical color filter layer is previously formed on a surface of the second substrate used in the fifth step.