ITRM940636A1 - METHOD OF DISINFESTATION AND DERATTIZATION WITH NITROGEN ATMOSPHERES OF NITROGEN OR CARBON DIOXIDE OR NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE OF BUILDINGS OF URBAN OR INDUSTRIAL TYPE AND EQUIPMENT FOR DISINFESTATION AND DERATIZATION WITH GAS - Google Patents

Description

"METHOD OF DISINFESTATION AND DERATTIZZA WITH NITROGEN ASPHYSIZING ATMOSPHERES OR CARBON DIOXIDE OR NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE OF BUILDINGS OF URBAN TYPE OR INDUSTRY AND EQUIPMENT FOR DISINFESTATION AND MANAGEMENT WITH GAS";

SUMMARY

Due to the lack of a method and equipment suitable for the purpose, the buildings of the mrban and industrial type are not disinfested or deratted with asphyxiating atmospheres of nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide while this type of disinfestation is increasingly replacing those with toxic gases, insecticides and poisons in the treatment of cereals in warehouses and silos and of goods in airtight cells. To carry out pest control and rodent control in buildings for civil and industrial use, plastic film tanks with gas barrier have been designed and filled with gas and / or air, they occupy the spaces inside the buildings free of matter to reduce the volumes to be disinfected. supply the necessary gas, avoid pressure on the watertight closures of the openings of the buildings and manage the treatment without risks and inconvenience to people. For the same purpose, special double frames for closing the openings of the buildings have also been designed.

TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION

The total disinfestation of insects and other arthropods of premises and buildings and of the furnishings, installations and goods contained therein as well as the rodent control of buildings and the disinfestation and rodent control of other artifacts such as tunnels and sewer pipes can * in fact be carried out only with the use of toxic gases or by maintaining in these environments, for a sufficiently long time, an atmosphere with a high concentration of carbon dioxide or an atmosphere of almost pure nitrogen and in any case with residual oxygen less than one percent.

In fact, the gases reach infesting organisms by diffusion even in the most remote recesses, which is not conceivable by spraying insecticides or spreading poisons.

The restrictions now rightly imposed on the use of toxic gases make it practically impossible to use these types of gas in urban areas for disinfestation and rat extermination of buildings.

Insecticides and poisons as well as not ensuring certain disinfestation and rodent control results have the serious drawback of leaving toxic residues in the rooms subjected to treatment for a more or less long period.

Both for toxic gases and for insecticides and poisons the overall effect of environmental degradation that their repeated and not always appropriate use can ultimately determine is more or less unknown.

conceivable by spraying or nebulising insecticides or spreading poisons.

Atmospheres with a high concentration of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, very poor in oxygen, potentially represent a very important tool to avoid the use of toxic gases, insecticides and poisons and to reconcile the needs of destruction of pests with those of respect for the environment. . Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are in fact normal components of air.

Carbon dioxide is lethal for all biological stages of insects, which are the most resistant biotic pests, even in relatively low concentrations in the ambient air, but the most effective treatments are obtained with concentrations around 60% by volume, relative humidity below 50% and temperatures of 25 centigrade and above. Depending on the insect species, the treatment durations vary in this case from a minimum of four days to a maximum of approximately 12 days. With concentrations close to 100%, the treatment times are lengthened and this is related to a decrease rather than an accentuation in the respiratory rhythm of the insects that would ensue.

The mechanism of action is believed to be that of asphyxiation due to saturation of the carbon dioxide exchange system produced in the respiratory process.

In the disinfestation with nitrogen atmosphere the lethal factor is constituted by the lack of oxygen. Many insects, in one biological stage or another, are very resistant to the lack of oxygen and this is to be related to a mechanism of automatic reduction to the minimum of all their metabolic activity.

To have certain disinfestation results, it is necessary to reduce the oxygen in the ambient air to 0.5-0.1% and maintain these conditions for a period of 15 days or more.

The atmospheres made up of a mixture of nitrogen with carbon dioxide at 10-20% and with residual oxygen around 1% have considerable pest control efficacy The presence of carbon dioxide in this atmosphere with a very low oxygen content stimulates breathing and has a synergistic effect in determining asphyxiation. Mortality is faster and there is general agreement among researchers on the subject in establishing maximum treatment times of about 15 days.

In the laboratory and applicative tests concerning the atmospheres in question, the maximum treatment times are established using the most resistant biological stages of the species so far evaluated as most resistant. Quite often, the pupae of Sitophylus orizae are used for nitrogen atmospheres with an oxygen content of less than 1%, while for atmospheres with a high concentration of carbon dioxide the reference is mostly given by adults and larvae of Tribolium Castaneum.

Woodworms are quite resistant species.

All the research on the subject is however in continuous evolution and it could not be otherwise as there are about 750,000 species of classified insects.

The use of atmospheres with a high concentration of carbon dioxide or poor in oxygen is becoming increasingly important for the disinfestation of cereals. This especially in the USA, Australia, Israel and China.

The grain silos and warehouses are made as hermetic as possible with fillers, resins and other precautions, both temporarily and permanently.

The ways to create the disinfesting atmosphere inside these structures are substantially two: that of the introduction of gas for washing the internal air with gas and that of the recirculation of internal air through a burner until the exhaust is exhausted. 'oxygen.

A third way experimented, and which has had some application with goods in containers, was that of adding solid carbon dioxide. In the case of the disinfestation of cereals in silos and warehouses or the disinfestation of buildings, this procedure has no advantage with respect to the introduction in gaseous form and has at least the drawback of making it rather difficult to control the pressures that are generated.

The washing process, which is by far more used than the recirculation system, consists of introducing the gas into the silos and warehouses through a delivery pipe and letting it escape through one or more relief valves , the air-gas mixture that is formed. This is until the atmosphere inside the silos and warehouses reaches the desired composition values. At this point, either a small washing flow is maintained with adjustment of the inlet and outlet valves to compensate for the losses or the inlet and outlet valves are closed and then the washing resumes when and if necessary.

At the end of the treatment, air is pumped into the silos and warehouses to restore the normal atmosphere with a washing process that is the reverse of the one carried out at the beginning to create the disinfestant atmosphere in the lodal.

The washing pressures are of a few millimeters of water column to avoid the multiplication of the escape routes of the gases. Washing times therefore range from 12-15 hours up to 48 hours.

Depending on the type of treatment chosen, the washing to create the disinfesting atmosphere is carried out with nitrogen or carbon dioxide or with a mixture of the two gases or even with the aeriform mixture obtained from the combustion of methane, butane, propane, which, once eliminated water vapor consists of nitrogen and other inert gases in the air and carbon dioxide.

Batteries of pressurized gas cylinders are almost always used for small washing volumes.

For large volumes, liquid carbon dioxide and nitrogen contained in tanks or cisterns are more often used. The supply lines require a vaporizer.

For washing with nitrogen, the use in place of nitrogen generators is also affirmed to some extent, which operate with the process of absorbing oxygen from compressed air passed through a layer of material that constitutes a molecular filter (pressure-swing adsorption system). For continuous production the generators are equipped with two absorption units which operate in sequence the absorption of oxygen and the subsequent regeneration of the filtering material.

Nitrogen can also be produced in volumes of over 100 cubic meters per hour with purity up to 99.9% The generators equipped with a device for the elimination of residual oxygen by catalytic combination with hydrogen produce nitrogen with residual oxygen of 5 p.p.m. The cost of nitrogen obtained with generators is significantly lower than that of liquid nitrogen and in cylinders but requires a substantial capital investment.

Washing with the gas mixture derived from the combustion of methane, butane or propane is a more widespread system than that of generation in place of nitrogen. It rests on the same type of equipment used in the recirculation system. Instead of being recycled, the air is taken from the environment.

In addition to the disinfestation of cereals in silos and warehouses, atmospheres with a high concentration of carbon dioxide and those poor in oxygen are also to some extent used for the disinfestation of various goods in vacuum chambers and cells or in airtight environments and cells. purpose built.

In the vacuum chambers and cells only toxic gases or carbon dioxide are used. Once the cells have been loaded, the vacuum is first made and then the toxic gas or carbon dioxide is introduced.

With the exception of the procedure referred to in Italian patent no.

1190200 of which a brief description is given below, the goods remain in the vacuum chambers for the entire duration of the pest control treatment.

At least in the case of carbon dioxide, the high cost of vacuum chambers limits applications to valuable items such as antique furniture.

In airtight environments and cells, the creation of the disinfesting atmosphere is obtained in the same ways and with the same means described for the disinfestation of cereals in silos and warehouses.

For the disinfestation and / or long-term storage of perishable goods and products in carbon dioxide or nitrogen atmospheres, the writer has obtained the Italian industrial invention patent n. 1190200.

The patent n. 1190200 has as its object the disinfestation in carbon dioxide or nitrogen atmospheres, and / or the long-term storage of perishable goods for insects and molds, in 40 and 20 foot intermodal transport containers in which the replacement of air with gas and 'carried out in a vacuum chamber. The containers can be purposely built watertight and can also be normal containers made watertight in various ways. Once loaded, the containers pass into the vacuum chamber on the normal container-carrying trolley and leave it after about 30 minutes with the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen inside them. The leaks are irrelevant and the goods can remain in the containers for months or years without the need for further treatments.

Patent 1190200 has had significant practical applications.

In contrast to the general use of carbon dioxide and nitrogen atmospheres at atmospheric pressure, the effectiveness of treatments with carbon dioxide at pressures between 10 and 50 bar has recently been tested and demonstrated. The treatment at 50 bar was lethal in 20 minutes for all the biological stages of the insects tested.

It goes without saying that the cost of the autoclaves and necessary equipment and the reduced volumes of possible treatment are such that this type of disinfestation is considered entirely valid for research purposes only.

The Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Ine. of Tokyo has patented an oxygen absorbent, AGELESS, widely used in Japan to create an almost oxygen-free atmosphere inside food packaging in plastic film with a gas barrier. The products retain their freshness characteristics for a long time as generally occurs with the use of modified atmospheres.

AGELESS has been tested for disinfestations in small containers.

The use of AGELESS type oxygen absorbents is foreseen by the disinfestation method object of this patent application.

Disinfestations with high concentration carbon dioxide atmospheres or with nitrogen atmospheres with residual oxygen less than 1% or with nitrogen and carbon dioxide have so far not affected urban buildings or industrial plants and with them furnishings, installations and anything else contained within them.

As far as we know there is not even a case of disinfestation with carbon dioxide, or with nitrogen atmospheres with a very low concentration of oxygen, or with nitrogen and carbon dioxide, of an industrial plant, a church, a museum, a library, a hospital, a school, or a simple apartment.

In reality, the type of atmosphere in question can find the most important and advantageous applications in this sector. Both nitrogen and carbon dioxide are not toxic gases and neither are health devices. At the temperatures and conditions of use they are practically inert from a chemical point of view, they leave no residues of any kind, they do not damage the environment, and their use as pesticides in a sector of a building can be completely compatible with operation. of normal activities in other sectors of the same building.

The fact that there are no known applications of these atmospheres in the disinfestation of urban-type buildings and industrial establishments while the use of these same atmospheres is increasingly widespread for the disinfestation of warehouses and silos full of cereals or various goods crammed in specially built cells, suggests that it is the different background conditions existing in both cases that have hitherto prevented the use of the atmospheres in question for the disinfestation of urban buildings and industrial plants.

These basic differences concern:

1) construction characteristics, intended use and types of possible interventions to ensure the almost watertight seal of the environments to be disinfected.

The cells for the disinfestation of goods and the like are purposely built watertight and therefore do not need any intervention whatsoever.

Warehouses and silos, even if not originally built to lend themselves to gas disinfestation, can be adapted to carry out these operations even with substantial more or less permanent changes as this results in an improvement and expansion of their destination. 'use.

In the case of urban buildings and industrial establishments, the interventions must temporarily ensure their watertight integrity and once the disinfestation treatment has been carried out, no trace of the interventions must remain;

2) the different volumes which in the two cases are occupied by air and matter.

Silos, warehouses and cells are full or filled with grain or goods.

In urban buildings and industrial plants, the spaces are mostly empty. Important even if not binding prerequisite for proceeding with the disinfestation of this type of buildings, and of what is contained in them, is therefore that of the conception of practical ways and means to reduce as much as possible the consumption of pest control gas due to absolute prevalence of empty spaces;

3) The management of pest control gases which must be such as not to cause inconvenience during pest control and at the time of the evacuation of pest control atmospheres from buildings.

In agricultural uses, the evacuation of a few hundred or thousand cubic meters of disinfesting atmospheres from silos and warehouses poses no problems since these are sparsely inhabited rural areas.

The cells for goods disinfestation, even if located in urban areas, generally have a small volume and are in any case designed and permanently equipped to be able to perform a controlled evacuation of disinfesting atmospheres.

In the case of urban buildings and factories, the situation is the opposite. In the immediate vicinity there is always a resident population, the volumes involved in pest control and therefore the evacuations of pest control gases can be considerable, there is no equipment for controlled evacuation of pest control atmospheres.

The subject of this patent application is a disinfestation method as well as particular equipment, specifically designed to carry out the disinfestation of urban buildings and industrial establishments with any type of disinfesting atmosphere, overcoming the difficulties outlined in the previous points 1 ) and 3) and making positive use of the considerable volume of empty spaces referred to in point 2) above.

The disinfestation method is described in point I) below

tion and its variant;

The following point II) describes the equipment designed for the watertight closure of the openings and of the possible escape routes of the pest control gases from the buildings.

I) Pest control method

The disinfestation method allows to carry out the disinfestation of urban or industrial buildings and of what is contained in them with nitrogen atmospheres very poor in oxygen or carbon dioxide, or nitrogen and carbon dioxide in any ratio is desired, using volumes very low gas levels compared to the methods used up to now in the disinfestation of cereals and goods in watertight warehouses and cells. The method excludes any form of risk and inconvenience to people.

In the description and claim of the method:

- the term pest control also includes the meaning of deratting action;

- the term gas is used to indicate the gases used to perform disinfestation and therefore stands for nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide;

- the terms "gaseous atmosphere" indicate the intermediate mixtures of air and gas that are formed during the creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected and during the restoration of an air atmosphere in the disinfested space; - the terms "disinfesting atmosphere" mean the atmosphere that operates the disinfestation. Indicatively, the disinfesting atmosphere is alternatively represented by nitrogen at 99.9% and oxygen around 0.1% or by carbon dioxide at 60% and air at 40% or by nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen in any ratio between them that it has a disinfesting effect; - the term "atmospheres" indifferently indicates any type of atmosphere which is subjected to pumping or is poured from one space to another and which can be represented by air, gas, and gaseous or disinfesting atmospheres;

- The term evacuation indicates that the gaseous atmospheres are evacuated outside the buildings and poured into a conduit for their dilution with air and their expulsion at the roof level;

- the term pipeline indicates a pipeline that has branches and connection fittings with all the tanks referred to in point A) of the description below;

- the term solenoid valve (s) indicates normally closed solenoid valves with command external to the buildings to be disinfected.

In the description of the various phases on which the disinfestation method is articulated, the solenoid valves, pump and pipes by which the operations pertinent to each phase are carried out are specified. In each phase, only the solenoid valves and the pump and pipelines pertinent to the phase must be understood to be open and active respectively.

method is divided into the following six phases:

A) occupation of most of the spaces inside the buildings free of matter with tanks in plastic film with gas barrier that are filled in place with gas or air.

The functions of the tanks are on the whole those:

- to approximately reduce the volume of space to be disinfected to 10% and therefore to reduce the consumption of gases used in disinfestation by approximately 90%;

- to make all the gas needed to carry out the disinfestation available within the same buildings;)

- to allow all movements of gas, air and atmospheres contemplated by the disinfestation method to be carried through them without having to exert any pressure on the watertight closure structures of the openings of the buildings;

- to allow, with the help of solenoid valves, pipes and equipment used by the disinfestation method, a management of the disinfestation treatment such as to exclude any risk and inconvenience to people.

Tanks are generally of two types:

- small tanks that occupy the small free spaces below, above and inside the furniture and installations present in the buildings with the sole function of reducing the volume of space to be disinfected. In this case they are equipped with a single inflation valve.

The small tanks can however be connected in series with the first and last tank of the series equipped for the connections and the operations referred to in the following points from C) to F). With this arrangement, each series is equivalent to a tank of the type outlined in the following point;

- large tanks which occupy the large spaces free from matter in the buildings and which are filled with gas or air until the normal atmospheric pressure is reached inside them. These tanks are the fulcrum on which the disinfestation method is articulated and are always equipped for the connections and operations referred to in the following points from C) to F).

In disinfestations with nitrogen atmospheres, a tank filled with nitrogen and containing inside it also a chemical oxygen absorbent can be entrusted with the sole function of lowering the concentration of oxygen in the space to be disinfested from about 0.6% to about 0.1% and to maintain this oxygen level for the entire duration of the disinfestation treatment.

All the tanks are obtained by heat-sealing plastic film sheets with a gas barrier.

Large tanks always have heat-sealed edges or folds outside the tanks with metal or rigid plastic eyelets applied to said edges and folds. By means of these eyelets the large tanks are bound and hung on a frame supplied with the tanks themselves.

The large tanks are equipped with fittings on which are mounted a valve for their filling and solenoid valves through which, with the help of pipes and pumps, all the movements of gas and gaseous atmospheres foreseen by the disinfestation method are carried out. The large tanks also have inside them two plastic film hoses which facilitate, respectively, with the motion given to them by the air and then by the gaseous atmospheres pumped into the tanks, the mixing referred to in points C) and E) and the washing with air from the gaseous atmospheres to be evacuated from inside the tanks referred to in points D) and F) below.

The filling of the tanks with gas is carried out by means of a special conduit that brings the gases from a supply station outside the buildings. The filling of the tanks can also be carried out with cylinders brought in place and relative connection pipe to the tanks. A part of the tanks is filled with air when the filling of all the tanks with gas would lead to the availability of gas in the tanks in excess of the disinfestation needs. The tanks are all filled with air when the variant of the disinfestation method is adopted which involves the introduction of gas into the space to be disinfected directly from outside the buildings.

B) watertight closure of building openings such as doors and windows and any other escape routes for gases from buildings. This phase takes place in parallel or successively to the one referred to in point A) above, since the filling of the tanks with gas must correspond to the release of an equal amount of air from the buildings.

In principle, double frames with plastic film sheet with gas barrier clamped on them as per point II) of the description are used for watertight closures. The closing structures can however also be represented by sheets of plastic film with a gas barrier fixed with adhesive tapes to the masonry around the openings to be closed.

Through the plastic film sheet of a double frame or through one of the sheets fixed with adhesive tapes, the air pumping duct inside the tanks and evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres from the tanks referred to in the following points D) and F pass watertight. ), and the conduct of electrical control wires for the solenoid valves mounted on the tank fittings;

C) creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the residual space not occupied by the tanks referred to in point A) by subsequent operations of mixing the gas contained in each tank with the air and then with the gaseous atmospheres present in the space to be disinfested. At the end of each mixing operation, the tank involved in the operation is closed hermetically. Each mixing operation thus ends with the subtraction of a part of the air contained in the space to be disinfested and with its replacement with an equal volume of gas.

Indicating with VD the volume of the space to be disinfected and with VS the volume of the various tanks, assumed to be equal to each other, the air that remains in the space to be disinfected at the end of each mixing operation is the following:

1st operation: VD / (VD + VS) x VD

2 II operation: VD / (VD + VS) x VD / (VD + VS) x VD = (VD / (VD + VS)) x VD n

nth operation: (VD / (VD + VS)) x VD.

To create the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected, the following are used: - a pump and a pumping duct inside the air tanks and then some gaseous atmospheres from the space to be disinfected; - a solenoid valve, mounted on a fitting of each tank, for opening and closing the communication between the pipeline referred to in the previous point and the individual tanks;

- solenoid valves, mounted on the fittings of each tank, in a number and with a diameter of the mouths sufficient to pour from the tanks into the space to be disinfested a volume of gas and then of gaseous atmospheres equal to the volts of air and then of gaseous atmospheres pumped into the tanks from space to disinfect.

In disinfestations with nitrogen atmospheres in which a tank containing nitrogen and a chemical oxygen absorbent is used, the reduction of the oxygen concentration in the space to be disinfected from about 0.6% to about 0.1%, and the maintenance of oxygen on this last level is achieved with more or less continuous recirculation of the disinfesting atmosphere between the space to be disinfected and the tank in question.

Recirculation is entrusted to the above pump and solenoid valves;

D) Evacuation outside the buildings, and replacement with air of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed inside the tanks during the operations to create the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected.

In disinfestations with carbon dioxide atmospheres, the evacuation of gaseous atmospheres from the tanks and their replacement with air is carried out immediately after the conclusion of the operations to create the disinfestant atmosphere referred to in point C) above.

In disinfestations with nitrogen atmospheres, the evacuation from the tanks and replacement with air of the gaseous atmospheres in question is carried out immediately before the restoration of an air atmosphere in the disinfested space. This minimizes the passage of oxygen from the tanks to the disinfestation space due to the

albeit minimal permeability to oxygen of the films with which the tanks are made.

The evacuation and replacement with air of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed inside the tanks is carried out by:

- a pump and air pumping duct inside the tanks from outside the buildings;

- a solenoid valve mounted on a fitting of each tank that opens and closes the communication between the individual tanks and the pipeline referred to in the previous point;

- an evacuation duct that pours the gaseous atmospheres and the air from their washing outside the buildings into a duct for further dilution with air and expulsion at the roof level of the gaseous atmospheres themselves.

- a solenoid valve mounted on a fitting of each tank that opens and closes the communication between the individual tanks and the evacuation pipe referred to in the previous point.

The pressures deriving from the pumping of washing air into the tanks are entirely supported by the walls of the tanks and by the air pumping and evacuation pipes.

The evacuation operations are normally carried out in succession, tank by tank. Once the gaseous atmosphere of a tank has been evacuated, the solenoid valves that put the tank in communication with the air pumping and evacuation pipes are closed and the corresponding valves of another tank open.

At the end of the evacuations, all the tanks contain airia.

The gas dilution and expulsion pipeline at the roof level is represented by a large diameter plastic film tube obtained by heat-sealing the two edges of a plastic film sheet of the required length and has the expulsion mouth wrapped and heat-sealed on a thin metal ring . The ring is fixed with an arm and a stopper to the cornice of the building and the pipe remains suspended to the ground under the metal ring. A fan blows air into the duct and dilutes the gaseous atmospheres during evacuation;

E) The disinfesting atmosphere is kept in the space to be disinfected for a period of approximately between 7 and 15-18 days depending on whether an atmosphere of carbon dioxide or nitrogen is used for disinfestation and depending on the temperature and relative humidity in the environment subjected to disinfestation.

Exceptions are the treatments of rodent control only are completed in a very short time.

At the end of the disinfesting treatment, the disinfesting atmosphere created in the space to be disinfected is replaced with the air sealed in the tanks following the evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres referred to in point D) from the same.

For this replacement the same operations are carried out and the same pump and duct and the same solenoid valves described in the previous point C) are used regarding the creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected.

At the end of the operations, the gaseous atmospheres deriving from the subsequent mixing operations are enclosed in the tanks and the disinfesting atmosphere in the disinfested space has been replaced for over 99% by air.

F) Evacuation from the tanks of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed in them following the operations referred to in point E) above.

For the evacuation in question, the same operations are carried out and the same air pumping and evacuation pipes and the same solenoid valves described in point D) are used. In disinfestations with carbon dioxide atmospheres, the mixing and separation process referred to in point E) above and the evacuation process referred to in this point can be repeated to eliminate all traces of carbon dioxide from the buildings.

On the tanks referred to in point A) above, appropriate clarifications are given below, in particular with regard to the installation and filling methods of large tanks. References are also given to the drawings attached to the patent application to illustrate the large tanks and the way they are equipped.

The characteristics of the plastic films with gas barrier with which the tanks are made are described in point II) relating to the double comics and to the sheets of plastic film with gas barrier sealing the openings and gas escape routes from manufactured.

- The small tanks when appointed to perform the sole function of reducing the space to be disinfested are inflated with air or nitrogen.

Nitrogen inflation is normally foreseen in the case of disinfestations with nitrogen atmospheres in which it is important to avoid even the slightest passage of oxygen from the tanks to the space to be disinfected. In fact, the plastic films with a gas barrier have a minimum permeability to oxygen.

The small tanks are equipped with hanging eyelets and fixing eyelets only if they are intended to occupy spaces that require the use of a frame for their hanging and positioning. This is for example the case of a space between the top of a table and the ceiling in an apartment. Otherwise they are simply positioned in the space they must occupy and with some thickness of cardboard or wood interposed between them and the walls, floors, ceilings and objects that delimit them, the circulation of the disinfesting atmosphere is ensured around them.

- The large tanks are brought inside the buildings folded into a package and empty of air and are spread out: in the position intended for them. The tubular frame of their kit is mounted around them. When the frame is assembled, the vertical uprights of the frame are each inserted into the two metal eyelets that correspond to the external heat-sealed edges of the tanks that run along the perimeters that delimit the base and the top of the tanks. The filling valve and the solenoid valves listed in the previous points C) and D) of the description are then mounted on the tank fittings. The little air present in the tanks can at this point be sucked from the tanks themselves with a portable vacuum pump connected to the tank filling valve. Through the same valve, gas is then introduced into the tanks which inflate inside the frame with the fixing metal eyelets that slide along the vertical uprights of the frame itself.

When the top of the tanks has risen to a sufficient height but has not reached the top of the frames, the tanks are hung, along the entire perimeter that delimits the top of the tanks, to the horizontal tubes of the frames which run at a higher height. along the same perimeter in the upper part of the frames. The hanging is made with hooks, hooked to the horizontal tubes of the above frame and to the hanging eyelets of the tanks.

As a result of hanging, the side walls of the tanks deflect as there is not yet a sufficient volume of gas inside the tanks to occupy the entire volume at atmospheric pressure. After hanging, the filling of the tanks with gas continues until the walls of the tanks hang vertically.

At this point, if not done previously, the branches to each tank of the pipes specified in the previous points C) and D) are connected to the respective solenoid valves of the tanks.

The height of the tanks, or their attachment to the frames, are such as to leave sufficient space for the circulation of the disinfesting atmosphere between the base surface of the tanks and the floors of the buildings.

The filling of the tanks with gas from an external position to the buildings is carried out with a pipe for conduction of gas under pressure, connected on one side to the valves of the gas dispensers outside the building and on the other hand from time to time to the valves, for opening and closing. manual, for filling the tanks.

On the end carrying the connection to the tanks, the pipe is equipped with an opening and closing valve.

A pipe of the same type is used for filling the tanks with gas supplied by cylinders brought into place.

Once the tanks have been filled, the pipe in question has no further use and is therefore disconnected from the gas dispensers and set aside together with the latter.

The filling of the tanks with air at atmospheric pressure occurs naturally, by hanging the tanks on the frames supplied with them and making them unfold in a parallelepiped manner. The air enters the tanks through the fittings they are equipped with, not yet closed with valves and solenoid valves.

Indicatively, small and large tanks occupy 85-88% of the total space inside the buildings. 2-3% of the total space is occupied by the material of furnishings and installations and the residual 10-13% is represented by the residual space to be disinfested.

The drawing referred to in the attached table number 1) shows a tank already filled with gas and hung and tied to the frame supplied with it.

- the N. 1 indicates the tank;

- the N. 2 indicates the heat-sealed fold outside the tank that runs along the perimeter delimiting the tank top;

- the N. 3 shows two of the attachment eyelets of the tank to the frame supplied with it.

A frame upright passes inside the eyelets;

the N. 4 indicates one of the uprights of the frame;

the N. 5 shows one of the eyelets for hanging the tank on the accompanying frame and relative hanging hook;

the N. 6 shows the gas tank fill valve mounted on one of the tank equipment fittings.

The details of the equipment of the tanks with fittings are illustrated in the drawing of the attached table number 2;

- the N. 7 indicates the opening-closing solenoid valve of the communication between the tank and the pumping duct inside the tank of atmospheres from the space subjected to disinfestation;

- the N. 8 indicates the pumping pipeline inside the tank of atmospheres from the space subjected to disinfestation;

- the N. 9 indicates the recirculation solenoid valves which, in response to the pumping of atmospheres into the tank from the space subjected to disinfestation, allow an equal volume of atmosphere to be poured into the latter;

By means of the solenoid valves and duct referred to in numbers from 7 to 9, and the pump connected to the duct, all the operations to create the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected and to restore an air atmosphere in the space are carried out. disinfested referred to in points C) and E) of the description;

- No. 10 indicates the solenoid valve for opening / closing the communication between the tank and the air pumping duct inside the tank from outside the building for washing and evacuating the gaseous mixtures contained in the tank;

- n.ll indicates the air pumping duct inside the tank from outside the building; - n.12 indicates the opening-closing solenoid valve of the communication between the tank and the evacuation duct of the gaseous atmospheres from the tanks;

- No. 13 indicates the evacuation pipeline;

All the evacuation operations of the gaseous atmospheres referred to in points D) and F) of the description are carried out by means of the solenoid valves and ducts referred to in numbers from 9 to 12, and the pump for pumping air outside the building;

- No. 14 indicates the plastic film hoses, connected to the fittings of the inlet pipes in the tank, which, with the motion given to them by the turbulence of the incoming gases, facilitate the mixing that must take place in the tank itself.

In the drawing of the attached table number 2, details of the equipment of the tanks with fittings are represented. The nipples with their gaskets tighten the edges of the hole that connects the inside of the tank with the outside.

- with no. l the plastic film sheet of a tank wall is shown in schematic form;

- with no. 2 shows the holes that connect the inside of the tank with the outside;

- with no. 3 the components of the niples are indicated;

- with no. 4 the sealing gaskets of the edges of the hole.

In the drawing of the attached table number 3, the details of the system of constraint and hanging of the tanks to the frame of their equipment are represented;

- with no. 1 indicates the double heat-sealed edge or the heat-sealed fold external to the tanks on which the eyelets are applied;

- with no. 2 indicates an eyelet for fastening the tank to the frame supplied. Inside the eyelet passes one of the uprights of the frame. Atmospheres are pumped into the tanks and it is therefore advisable that they are bound to the frames;

- the number 3 indicates one of the tank hanging eyelets and the relative hook for hanging on the frame.

On the operations of creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected referred to in point C) of the description, on the control of the progress of these operations, and on the pump and pumping duct inside the tanks of the atmospheres from the space to be disinfected, are given the following clarifications and immediately after the references to the schematic illustration tables of the structure foreseen for the conduct of the operations of creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfested and of that foreseen for the evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres from the buildings.

- With the tanks filled with gas and with the operations referred to in point C) of the description, it is possible to easily obtain disinfesting atmospheres with residual oxygen less than 1% or with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen in any ratio having a disinfesting efficacy. Assuming you have to disinfect a 1,000 cubic meter building in which, by virtue of the occupation of free spaces with gas or air tanks, the volume to be disinfected is reduced to 100 cubic meters, five tanks of 100 cubic meters are sufficient. filled with nitrogen or partly with nitrogen and partly with carbon dioxide to lower the oxygen content in the space to be disinfected below 1%

In fact, at each stage the volume of air that remains in the space to be disinfected is halved and at the fifth stage this volume drops to 3.125% of the air present at the origin and only 21% of the residual air is represented. from oxygen.

If the first four stages are carried out with tanks filled with nitrogen and the fifth stage with a tank of carbon dioxide, the disinfesting atmosphere created will be made up of 50% carbon dioxide, about 49.35% nitrogen and 0.65%. approximately% oxygen.

The process of subtracting and replacing the air in the space to be disinfected is all the more efficient the smaller the volume of the tanks is compared to the volume of the space to be disinfected. This derives from the fact that the larger the tank, the greater the gas that in each stage mixes with the air of the space to be disinfected and the lower the percentage of air in the air-gas mixture that is sealed in the tanks.

The control of the progress of the operations of subtraction of air from the space to be disinfected and its replacement with disinfesting gases is done with an oxygen and / or carbon dioxide analyzer that sucks small samples of the atmosphere from the space under disinfestation. The sampling of the disinfesting atmosphere samples is carried out by means of a mushroom-shaped valve for equipping one of the watertight closures of the buildings referred to in point II) of the description below;

- The pumping of atmospheres into the tanks from the space to be disinfected is carried out with a pump connected to a suction duct from one or more points of the space to be disinfected and to the delivery duct inside the tanks of the sucked atmosphere.

The pump can also be external to the building.

In the case of suction from several points, the suction duct can be equipped with solenoid valves to open and close the suction mouths in succession. The interior of the buildings is in fact crammed with tanks filled with gas and / or air which slows down the circulation of air and disinfesting atmospheres. By aspirating in succession from single points, a more rapid achievement of the desired uniformity is favored. composition of the atmosphere in the space to be disinfested and in the tanks.

In the drawing referred to in the attached table number 4, the operational structure that the disinfestation method envisages for carrying out the operations to create the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected is schematically illustrated, which also applies to the restoration of a air atmosphere in the disinfested space referred to in point E) of the description.

In the drawing:

- the N. 1 indicates the pump that draws atmospheres from the space to be disinfected and the pumps inside the tanks;

- the N. 2 indicates the suction pipe of the pump referred to in no. 1;

- the N. 3 indicates the pumping pipeline inside the tanks of the atmospheres sucked into the space to be disinfested by the pump referred to in n. 1;

- the N. 4 indicates the solenoid valves, mounted on a fitting fitting of each tank, which open and close the communication between the tank and the pumping pipeline referred to in no. 3;

- the N. 5 indicates the tanks;

- the N. 6 indicates the solenoid valves which in front of the

immissions into the tanks of atmospheres from the space to be disinfected or disinfected by means of the pipeline referred to in number 3 and the solenoid valve referred to in number 4 pour an equal volume of atmospheres into the space to be disinfected;

the N. 7 indicates the perimeter walls of the building.

In the drawing referred to in the attached table 5, the operational structure that the disinfestation method provides for the evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed in the tanks at the end of the operations to create the disinfestant atmosphere in the space to be disinfected and at the end of the end of the operations to restore an air atmosphere in the disinfested space.

In the drawing:

- the N. 1 indicates the pumping pump inside the washing air tanks of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed within the tanks;

- the N. 2 indicates the air pumping duct;

- the N. 3 indicates the double watertight closing frame of an opening in the building; the conduct referred to in n.

2 watertightly crosses the plastic film with gas barrier tightened on this double frame;

- number A indicates the solenoid valve, mounted on the fitting of each tank, for opening-closing the communication between the tank and the air pumping duct inside the tank itself;

- number 5 indicates the tanks;

- the N. 6 indicates the solenoid valve, mounted on the fitting of each tank, for opening-closing the communication between the tank and the evacuation pipe;

- the N. 7 indicates the evacuation pipeline;

- the N. 8 indicates the double watertight closing frame of an opening in the building; the evacuation duct referred to in n.7 crosses the plastic film sheet with gas barrier tightly on this double frame;

- the N. 9 indicates the air dilution and expulsion pipeline at the roof level of gaseous atmospheres;

- on the. 10 indicates the fan that introduces dilution air from the gaseous atmospheres into the duct referred to in no.

10.

- the N. 11 indicates the external perimeter of the building.

The disinfestation method provides for a station outside the buildings for the eventual supply of gas, for the pumping of the washing air and evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres from the tanks and for governing the disinfestation operations. The station is equipped with:

- mixer with four to five outlets which are respectively connected: to the gas dispensers and to the gas tank filling pipe, if you are working with external dispensers, to the pump for pumping the air for washing the gaseous atmospheres from inside the tanks and to the washing air inlet duct in the tanks.

If present, the gas dispensers can be represented by a nitrogen generator with molecular filters, by tanks and cylinders of gaseous or liquid nitrogen with relative pressure reducers and vaporizers, by tanks and cylinders of gaseous or liquid carbon dioxide and relative reducers of pressure and vaporizers and also from methane, butane, propane burners operating with combustion air taken from outside the buildings;

- electric control panel of the pumps and solenoid valves through which the movements of gas, air and atmospheres foreseen by the disinfestation method are carried out.

The management of the times and sequences of activation and deactivation of the pumps and of the opening and closing of the solenoid valves can be entrusted to a computerized electronic actuator.

The disinfestation method provides as a variant that the creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected is carried out with the traditional washing process by introducing the disinfesting gas directly from the outside of the buildings into the space to be disinfected.

In this case the tanks referred to in point B) of the description are all inflated with air.

The variant of the method allows a theoretical saving of pest control gas of some significance for reasons similar to those indicated with regard to the greater efficiency of replacing the air with pest control gas that is obtained by using smaller tanks.

Traditional washing implies that the gases introduced from the outside exert in the space to be disinfected and on the sheets and closing structures of the buildings a pressure sufficient to cause a volume of air mixture to escape in the unit of time from special evacuation vents. -gas equal to the volume of gases gradually introduced.

These pressures very often cause pesticide gas leaks higher than the theoretically possible savings.

With the adoption of the traditional washing system, the disinfestation equipment is limited to:

- plastic film tanks with gas barrier that are inflated with air. The function of the tanks is only to reduce the volumes of space to be disinfected inside the buildings and therefore the consumption of gas. The tanks are therefore only equipped with a fitting on which a valve is mounted for their inflation with a portable pump. The large tanks have eyelets applied to the edges or heat-sealing folds external to the tanks and a binding frame supplied with them;

- conduit for the introduction of gas into the space to be disinfected from dispensers outside the buildings;

The same duct is also used for pumping the washing air and evacuation of the gases at the end of the disinfestation into the disinfested space from outside the building;

- solenoid valves for opening and closing the evacuation pipes of the gaseous atmospheres that are formed when the disinfesting atmosphere is created in the space to be disinfected and when an air atmosphere is restored in the disinfested space by washing this space with air pumped from the outside;

- evacuation pipes in a number and diameter such as to allow the escape of volumes of gaseous atmospheres equal to those of gas or air respectively introduced into the space to be disinfected and disinfested. These pipes watertightly pass through the sheets tightened on the double frames closing the openings of the buildings; - dilution ducts with air and expulsion at the roof level of the evacuated gaseous atmospheres.

The regulation of the gas inlet pressures is carried out by means of the pressure reducers of the gas dispensers, upon visual control of the thrust that the inlet of gas exerts on the sheets of the double comics for closing the openings of the buildings;

In the drawing referred to in the attached table number 6, the operational structure envisaged by the variant of the disinfestation method is schematically illustrated.

In the drawing:

- the N. 1 indicates the nitrogen dispenser outside the building; - the N. 2 indicates the carbon dioxide dispenser;

- number 3 the pump for pumping air inside the tanks;

- the N. A indicates a mixer that has opening valves, closing the communication with the gas dispensers referred to in plants 1 and 2 and with the pump referred to in number 3. Through the mixer, only one gas or only air can be introduced into the space to be disinfected ;

- the N. 5 indicates the gas injection pipe for the creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the area to be disinfected, a pipe which is also used for the introduction of washing air in the disinfested area;

The mixer also has an open-close valve for this duct;

- the number 6 indicates, in dashed line, the double closing frame of an opening of the building through whose sheet in plastic film with gas barrier passes the duct referred to in no. 5;

- the number 7 indicates the tanks inflated with air;

- number 8 indicates the valve for inflating the tanks with air;

- the number 9 indicates the opening-closing solenoid valves of the communication between the space subjected to disinfestation and the evacuation pipes of the gaseous atmospheres from this space;

- the N. 10 indicates the evacuation pipes of the gaseous atmospheres from the space subjected to disinfestation; the pipes watertightly cross the sheet of plastic film with gas barrier tightened on the double frames closing the openings of the buildings; The double frames are represented by the dashed line;

- the N. 11 indicates the conduct of dilution and expulsion at the roof level of the gaseous atmospheres evacuated from the space subjected to disinfestation;

- the N. 12 indicates the fan that introduces air, for dilution of gaseous atmospheres, into the duct referred to in no.

the N. 13 indicates the perimeter wall of the building.

In the drawing referred to in the attached table no. 10 shows a tank inflated with air, equipped with a constraint frame and hanging of the tank and equipped for inflation only with air and with only the attachment eyelets to the frame. In this case, 1 <1> hanger is not necessary as this remains inflated throughout the course of the treatment.

In the drawing:

- with no. the tank is indicated;

- with number 2 the fitting on which the valve for inflating the tank with air is mounted;

- with no. 3 indicates the welded earth fold outside the tank on which the constraint rings are applied;

- with no. 4 the eyelets for fixing the tank to the frame. The uprights of the frame are inserted in the fixing eyes of the tank.

At the conclusion of this point I) it is specified that the control of the disinfestation occurred can <1> be carried out by verifying the results of the disinfestation itself on insects in all their biological stages placed before the start of the disinfestation operations in small containers covered by retina appropriately distributed in the various points of the space subject to disinfestation.

II) Equipment for watertight closure of openings such as doors and windows and the like and of gas escape routes from buildings.

A fundamental prerequisite to be able to carry out any type of disinfestation or disinfection with gas in the buildings is that of the watertight closure of the openings and other escape routes of the gases from the buildings themselves.

The watertight closures to be made concern: 1) window-type openings entirely inscribed in masonry and often equipped with a frame, in the thickness of the wall, which can be used for closing;

2) openings like doors inscribed on 3 sides by masonry and on the fourth side by the floor; Also this type of opening is often equipped with a frame, in the thickness of the wall, which can be used for closing;

3) possible gas escape routes through roofs, chimneys and ventilation ducts;

4) possible gas escape routes in the entry points of the electricity, gas and water pipes and through water outlet pipes from sinks and the like. This type of joints can be eliminated with some grouting and with the application of plugs and therefore is not taken into further consideration.

The type of closure designed for the openings referred to in points 1) and 2) above and for the escape routes referred to in point 3) above rests on plastic film sheets with gas barrier used in combination with two different types of double alternative frames between them.

The plastic films in question are made up of several layers obtained by extrusion of various components. The film on the market, which at the moment has the characteristics most responsive to the need, is made up of five layers of which the two outer layers of heat-sealable ethyl vinyl acetate, the two intermediates of glue and the central layer of oriented nylon 6 which performs the functions of constitute the gas barrier and give the film considerable resistance to traction and perforation.

The film is currently produced in widths of approximately 3.3 meters and lengths practically at will. It has a thickness of about 0.125 mm and a weight of about 150 grams per square meter. The permeability to oxygen and other gases is between 5 and 10 cubic centimeters per square meter in 24 hours.

With this type of film, large and very large sheets can be easily obtained by heat sealing, suitable for covering entire buildings. For the formation of large sheets, the 3.3 meter wide film is cut into sheets of the required length which are superimposed on each other and welded two by two on both sides with a hand welding machine.

Overlapping 10 sheets you have a sheet 33 meters wide and of any length.

The same type of film is foreseen for the manufacture of the gas or air tanks referred to in point I) of the description.

The plastic film sheets with gas barrier are used with the type of double frame and closing method described in point a) below or with the type of frame and closing method described in point b) below:

a) closing method and equipment based on:

- watertight tightening of the external edge of the plastic film sheet on the internal frame of the double frame by screwing, with bolts, nuts and gaskets, with corresponding counter-edges;

- fixing of the double frame to the masonry of the building with screw stopper and / or to the flooring outside the building with screw stopper or with longer driving nails carried by the double frame itself;

- watertight closure of the gas escape routes between the internal frame and the masonry for filling the grouting channel between one and the other frame with putty.

The internal frame is normally connected to the external frame with welded pins that cross the grouting channel at a certain height.

The internal frame is also normally provided with fins with a hole for fixing the double frame with a stopper to the walls of the building. The fins rest on the walls of the building inside the grouting channel.

The double frames, normally in metal or rigid plastic profiles, can be built in a single rigid piece when windows and doors are to be closed or they can be assembled with detached elements gradually fixed to the masonry of the building and / or to the flooring outside the building when they are affected by plastic film sheets and double frames respectively large openings and large roof surfaces, building facades or the entire building.

The watertight closure of doors and windows having a frame in the thickness of the wall can be carried out by assembling the double comics in this box and fixing them in place with pressure wedges instead of stoppers. A frame or both com ices can have support supports for cardboard sheets or rigid plastic to protect the plastic film with gas barrier as well as support supports for the air pumping pipe inside the tanks and for the pipe evacuation of gaseous atmospheres from tanks. These tubes watertightly pass through the sheets of one or more double frames. In the hypothesis that on the facade of the building the masonry is not flat everywhere but there are decorative or worn introflexions, these introflexions are stuccoed limited to the part concerned to give support to the double comics.

If the facades of the buildings have parts in relief such as decorative cornices, pipes and the like, the double comics bridge over the relief parts in question and the external lateral surface below the bridge is also plastered.

In the drawing referred to in the attached table number 7 a double frame of the type described is represented and the following are indicated:

- with number 1 the internal frame;

- with number 2 the external frame;

- with number 3 the grouting channel;

- with number 4 one of the welded pins that connect the internal frame to the external one. The two frames may not be connected by pins and in this case each of them must be fixed to the masonry with its own fins and stoppers;

- with number 5 the tabs with hole for fixing the double frame to the masonry with stopper;

- with number 6 one of the fastening stoppers of the double frame to the masonry of the building;

- number 7 indicates the surface of the internal frame covered by a gasket for tightening the sheet of plastic film with a gas barrier;

- with number 8 the sheet of plastic film that is clamped between the internal frame and the counter frame of the same;

- with the number 9 the counterframe to the internal frame;

- with number 10 the gaskets for the watertight tightening of the plastic film sheet with gas barrier between the internal frame and its counterframe, - with number 11 one of the nuts and one of the screws for tightening the plastic film sheet with gas barrier between the internal frame and relative countercom ice.

The closing method and equipment described in this point a) are applied above all to the closure of French windows with comics in the thickness of the masonry that inscribes them and to any other opening or gas escape route when it is allowed to drill the holes required for the stoppers for fixing the double com ices to the external or internal masonry of the building.

For practical reasons, the use of this type of double frame is almost * a must when it is necessary to enclose the entire building with watertight plastic film or to cover and seal a roof surface.

b) closing method and equipment based on:

- watertight tightening of the external edge of the plastic film sheet on the internal frame of the double frame by screwing, with bolts, nuts and gaskets, against the corresponding counterclock;

The method of tightening the sheet is identical to that of the double frame described in point a) above;

- pre-tightening of the double frame against the walls of the building obtained with a bar and tightening nuts that make up the double frame;

- creation of a vacuum with a portable vacuum pump inside the external frame and between this and the masonry of the building followed by definitive tightening of the double frame once it has been compressed against the external wall of the building by the thrust exerted by the atmospheric pressure .

The double frame is made of aluminum or other metal profiles.

The external frame is built in square tube and has:

- holes along the medians of the supporting faces to the building;

- sealing gaskets in closed cell foam rubber along the entire perimeter of support to the walls and between hole and hole. With this arrangement of the gaskets, the external frame is a multiple suction cup. One or more suction cups can be excluded from creating a vacuum by plugging their hole with a rubber plug. This is done when particular points of the masonry do not allow the vacuum-tight support. - pipes and nuts used for pre-tightening and tightening the double frame against the walls of the building.

In the simplest form, a horizontal tube is fixed, with welded U-bolts, at half height of the vertical square tubes of the frame and on the outside of this. To this tube are fastened with nuts 2 draft tubes of the double frame from inside the building. The two pipes, in addition to the thread for tightening said nuts, also have a thread at the other end for tightening the pull nuts.

The drafting of the pipes, and therefore the tightening of the double frame against the walls, is carried out from inside the building with the aid of a bar that has two holes to make the draft pipes pass through the holes themselves. The bar rests against the wall which inscribes the opening to be closed inside the building. By screwing the nuts on the draft pipes, in contrast with the bar, and through this, in contrast with the internal masonry of the building, the double frame is tightened against the external walls of the building.

- pipe and fitting that connects the inside of the square pipe, with the vacuum pump located inside the building.

The pre-tightening of the double frame is foreseen both to position and temporarily keep the double frame in place and to allow an initial adherence of the double frame to the walls of the building such as to allow the vacuum pump to suck at least part of the air from the inside the frame and the space between the frame and the walls of the building.

The external frame is a thrust member of the internal frame to which it is rigidly connected with flat bars that are welded to join the one and the other frame. The flat bars are perforated to prevent the suction of the vacuum pump from affecting the atmosphere inside the building in the hypothesis that the internal frame does not adhere perfectly watertight to the masonry of the building.

The internal frame, on which the sheet of plastic film with gas barrier is tightly closed, is the closing element of an opening in the building.

It is manufactured in L-shaped profile or also of another type and has a closed cell foam rubber gasket on the entire support surface of the building. Under the thrust of the external frame it adheres watertight to the masonry of the building.

The draft tubes for the pre-tightening and tightening of the double frame and the tube for creating a vacuum inside the external frame and between it and the masonry pass through the plastic film sheet with gas barrier tightened on it. of the building. The air pumping pipes inside the tanks and the evacuation of gaseous atmospheres from inside the tanks also pass through the same sheet.

The drawing referred to in the attached table number 8 shows a double frame of the type described above, seen from the side of its adherence to the external masonry of the building, and it is indicated:

- with no. 1 the external frame of the double frame; - with no. 2 one of the suction holes for creating a vacuum between the external frame of the double frame and the external walls of the building;

- with no. 3 the sealing gaskets of the external frame which allow to create the gap between the external frame of the double frame and the masonry of the building;

- with no. 4 the internal frame of the double frame; - with no. 5 the gasket of the internal frame on the side supporting the building;

- with no. 6 the sheet of plastic film with gas barrier that covers the opening of the internal frame. This sheet is tightened on the opposite side of the one visible in the drawing of the internal frame. The watertight tightening of the sheet is carried out in the same way as that described for the frame referred to in point a) above, ie by tightening it with gaskets, screws and nuts between the internal frame itself and the corresponding counter-frame;

- with no. 7 the welded and perforated bar for rigid connection of the external frame to the internal frame; - with no. 8 the pre-tightening and tightening tube fixed to the external frame on the side opposite to the one shown in the drawing;

- with no. 9 the draft tubes for pre-tightening and tightening the double frame; These pipes pass watertight through the sheet of plastic film with gas barrier. The watertight seal is ensured by fixing the edges of the plastic film sheet that surround the passage holes of the pipes with screw clamps and gaskets to the draft tubes;

- with no. 10 the nuts that rigidly connect the draft tubes as per number 9 with the tube as per number 8;

- with no. 11 the bar, which is placed against the internal masonry of the building which circumscribes the opening to be closed; This bar is used to pull the tubes referred to in number 9, and then tighten the frame; The pulling and tightening of the double frame is obtained by screwing nuts on the ends of the tubes referred to in number 9, in contrast with the bar itself and through this with the internal masonry of the building;

- with no. 12 the nuts for pulling and tightening the double frame.

- with no. 13 the air intake pipe for creating a vacuum inside the external frame and between this and the surface on which it rests on the buildings; The closing method and equipment described in this point b) are used when there are valuable marble and similar coatings around doors and windows and on the facades and therefore the use of the frame is neither allowed nor appropriate. referred to in point a) which involves drilling holes in the walls of the building.

The drawing referred to in the attached table number 9 shows the details of the use of nipples for the watertight passage through the plastic film sheets with gas barrier, tightened on the double closing comics of the openings of the buildings, of the ducts pumping air from the outside of the buildings to the inside of the tanks, evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres from the tanks and routing of the electrical control wires of the solenoid valves mounted on the tank fittings.

The pipeline for filling the tanks with gas is not shown because it is removed and set aside before the total closure of the building openings.

The pipes can pass through the plastic film sheets of the double comics for closing the openings of the buildings and the walls of the tanks also by tightening around them with screw clamps and gaskets the edges of the plastic film sheet that surround the crossing hole.

In the drawing:

- the N. 1 shows the passage through the air pumping duct;

- the N. 2 shows the crossing of the evacuation pipe;

- the N. 3 shows the usual way of crossing the cloth for closing the electric control wires of the solenoid valves mounted on the tank fittings.

The threads pass through a truncated cone rubber stopper. By plugging the nipples, or the tube that leads the electrical wires, they are tightly tightened inside the cap.

Claims (3)

CLAIMS The applicant claims: 1) Method of disinfestation / rodent control of urban and industrial buildings that adopting the already known means of operating the disinfestation in the spaces to be disinfested by sealing the spaces themselves and replacing the normal air atmosphere in these spaces with asphyxiating atmospheres of nitrogen or carbon dioxide, it is characterized by operational criteria, operational equipment and operating methods such as to make it possible and easy to use the asphyxiating atmospheres mentioned above in the disinfestation of urban and industrial buildings, to date not made precisely due to the lack of a method and equipment suitable for the purpose. The operating criteria, the operating equipment and the operating methods that characterize and distinguish the method are represented: a) the occupation of the maximum possible part of the spaces inside the buildings free from material with the tanks in plastic film with gas barrier referred to in point 3) of the claims (table 1), filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide or air for: - subtract these spaces free of matter from the volumes of the building to be subjected to disinfestation, thus significantly reducing the consumption, otherwise prohibitive, of the gases used for disinfestation; - make available inside the buildings, and at atmospheric pressure, all the gas needed to create the disinfesting atmosphere in the small space not occupied by the tanks; The availability of gas at atmospheric pressure inside the building avoids the entry of gas under pressure from the outside which could compromise the watertightness of the closures of the building openings; This is an important fact because * the urban and industrial buildings are not designed to be closed watertight as for example the cells specially built for the disinfestation of goods; - to allow to carry out all the movements of gas, air and gaseous atmospheres foreseen by the disinfestation method through the tanks themselves; This is <1> important both for the reason already indicated in the previous point of avoiding pressure on the closing structures of the openings of the buildings, and because in this way a perfect governance and control of the gases is achieved during the entire pest control treatment. which is prominent in densely populated areas; The filling of the tanks with gas is carried out by: - a fitting for their equipment on which an opening-closing valve of the communication between the tank and the gas filling pipe is mounted (Table 1,6; Table 2, 2,3,4,5); - a pipe for the conduction of pressurized gas, connected to the gas dispensers, and equipped with a valve and connector for filling, one after the other, the various tanks; The gas dispensers can be nitrogen generators, or liquid carbon dioxide and nitrogen tanks with relative pressure reducers and vaporizers, external to the buildings, or even nitrogen and carbon dioxide cylinders brought close to the individual tanks; - hanging with hooks and constraint of the tanks to their equipment frame (table 1); For the hanging and attachment to the supplied frame, the tanks are equipped with attachment eyelets and hanging eyelets (table 1; 3.5, table 3; 2.3) applied to edges or heat-sealing folds external to the tanks (table 1 ; 2, table 3, 1); The tanks are brought into place folded in a pack and empty of air, they are laid out on the floor, the frame is mounted around them taking care to insert the frame uprights in the fixing eyelets of the tanks, and are then first partially inflated with gas, with tie rings that slide along the uprights of the frame, then hung on the frames and finally filled with gas until the hanging walls assume a vertical position of completed filling of the tanks at atmospheric pressure; The filling of the tanks with air concerns only those tanks which, if filled with gas, would give an availability of gas in excess of what is required by the pest control treatment to be carried out; These tanks may or may not have a supplied frame depending on whether their dimensions require or exclude their positioning and hanging with the frame, and depending on whether or not they are assigned the function of enclosing gaseous atmospheres inside them. then evacuate by pumping air inside the tanks themselves, which also implies the constraint to the frame of the tanks themselves; The small tanks without frames are simply inflated with air and have no other tooling than that of the fitting and valve necessary for their inflation; They occupy the small spaces above and below furniture and installations present in the buildings and also the small spaces between and within furniture and installations; The tanks, which in terms of size and function are equipped with a restraining and hanging frame, are equipped not only with locking and hanging eyelets and with a filling valve fitting, but also with fittings on which the solenoid valves for managing all movements are mounted. of gas, air and gaseous atmospheres provided for by the disinfestation method and specified in the rest of the claim (table 1; 7,9,10, 12, table 3; 2,3,4,6) and with plastic film hoses which facilitate, with the motion given to them by the atmospheres pumped into the tanks, the mixing of these atmospheres with those existing inside the tanks (table 1.14); b) by the way of watertight closure of the openings and other gas escape routes from buildings which is designed on the use of the double comics specified in points 4) and 5) of the claims and by the fact that the closing operations must proceed hand in hand with the occupation of the spaces inside the buildings free of matter with the tanks filled with gas or air referred to in the previous point a) of the claim to allow them to escape from the buildings when the tanks are filled with gas or air equal volumes of air; The method does not exclude the use of closing structures other than those of the double frames referred to in points A and 5 of the claims and in particular the use of plastic film sheets with gas barrier fixed with adhesive tape to the masonry that circumscribes the openings to be closed and this * precisely in function of the fact that the method avoids pressure on these structures; The air pumping ducts pass through the plastic film sheet with gas barrier tightened on one of the double closing frames of the openings of the buildings or through one of the closing sheets fixed with adhesive tape to the walls that circumscribe the openings of the buildings for washing and evacuation of the gaseous mixtures from the tanks referred to in points d) and f) of the claim and the electric control wires of all the solenoid valves mounted on the tank fittings for the management of the movements of gas, air and gaseous atmospheres referred to at points c), d), e), f) of the claim (table 9; 1,2,3); c) the methods of creating the disinfesting atmosphere in the buildings to be disinfected which is carried out: - with very modest volumes of gas as most of the empty spaces in the buildings are occupied by tanks filled with gas or air; - without injecting pressurized gas from the outside but with the gases at atmospheric pressure contained in the tanks; - with operations of subsequent mixing of the gas contained in each tank with the air and then gradually with the gaseous atmospheres contained in the space to be disinfected, enclosing at the end of the watertight mixing in the tank from time to time involved in the mixing, a volume of gaseous atmosphere equal to the volume of the tank; Each tank thus subtracts from the space to be disinfected a volume of air equal to that present in the space to be disinfected at the beginning of the mixing of the tank itself multiplied by the ratio between the volume of the tank and the volume of the space to be disinfected more times than the tank; The extracted air is replaced with an equal volume of gas; The operation is carried out in as many stages as there are tanks filled with gas by activating a pump (table A; l) which sucks air through a tube and then gaseous atmospheres from more points of the space to be disinfected (table A; 2) and enters them through a pipeline (table A; 3) and through the opening-closing solenoid valves of the communication between the tanks and the pipeline (table A; A) into the tank from time to time involved in the operation of separation and replacement with gas of a part of the air contained in the space to be disinfected (table A; 5), of which both the inlet solenoid valve inside the tank itself of the atmospheres pumped by the space to be disinfected (table A; A) and the parallel ones are opened pouring of gas, and then of gaseous atmospheres from the tank into the space to be disinfected (table A; 6), valves which are closed once the gas contained in the tank is completely mixed with the atmosphere contained in the space to be disinfected; The complete mixing of the gas contained in each tank with the atmospheres contained in the space to be disinfected is determined with an oxygen and / or carbon dioxide analyzer that sucks small samples of the atmosphere from the space to be disinfected through a mushroom-shaped valve for equipping one of the structures closing of the openings of the buildings; When there are no decreases in the concentration of oxygen or increases in the concentration of carbon dioxide, the mixing is completed; In disinfestations with nitrogen atmospheres, after having brought the concentration of oxygen in the space to be disinfected to around 0.5-0.6% with the operation in stages specified above, the pump, the suction pipe, the duct and the described solenoid valves can be used to recycle the nitrogen atmosphere created in the space to be disinfected through a special tank containing, in addition to nitrogen, a chemical oxygen absorbent in order to lower and maintain the oxygen concentration in the space to be disinfected at values around 0.1%; d) the methods of evacuation of the air-gas mixtures sealed in the tanks following the operations to create the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected, evacuation which is carried out by means of; - the activation of a pump external to the buildings (table 5; 1) which pumps washing air inside the tanks through a duct (table 5; 2, table 1, 11) which crosses one of the double comics watertight closing the openings of the buildings (table 5; 3, table 9; l) and introduces the pressurized air into the individual tanks (table 5; 5) through the opening-closing solenoid valve of the communication between the inside of the tanks and the duct ( table 5; 4), which is opened when the pump is activated; - a solenoid valve, which is opened when the pump referred to in the previous point is activated, (table 5; 6, table 1; 12) for opening-closing the communication between the inside of the tanks and a duct (table 5; 7, table 1, 13) which crosses the plastic film sheet with gas barrier in a watertight manner of one of the double frames closing the openings of the buildings (table 5; hatching distinct from 8, table 9; 2) and which pours the gaseous atmospheres and their washing air, pushed by the pressure created in the tanks by the pumping of air referred to in the previous point, into a large diameter pipe for further dilution with air of the gaseous atmospheres and their expulsion at the roof level of the manufactured; The air dilution and expulsion pipe of gaseous atmospheres at roof level (table 5; 9) is made of plastic film, has an evacuation mouth wrapped and heat-sealed on a metal circle, and is hung and fixed with a stopper to a cornice of the buildings by means of an arm carried by the metal rim; A fan blows the dilution air of the gaseous atmospheres into the tube (table 5; 10); At the end of the evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres from the tanks, the pump for pumping air into the tanks is deactivated and the solenoid valves that put the tanks in communication with the air inlet duct and with the evacuation duct of the gaseous and air atmospheres are closed of them washing; At this point the tanks contain air which is then used to restore an air atmosphere in the disinfested space at the end of the disinfestant treatment; e) the procedures for restoring an air atmosphere in the disinfested space at the end of the disinfestant treatment; This operation is carried out in the same way and with the same pump, suction pipe, duct and solenoid valves specified in point c) of the claim concerning the way of creating the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected; In the operation of creating the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected, the gas contained in the various tanks is tank by tank mixed with the air and then the gaseous mixtures contained in the space to be disinfected and a volume of air mixture is then enclosed in each tank. -gas equal to the volume of the tank itself with the result that in each stage a part of the air present in the space to be disinfested is enclosed in the tanks and replaced with gas; In the operation of restoring an air atmosphere in the disinfested space, it is the air enclosed in the tanks, at the end of the evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres referred to in point d) of the claim, which mixes with the gases present in the disinfested space and to replace these gases which are, stage by stage, enclosed in the tanks together with a part of the mixing air; The replacement of the disinfesting atmosphere with air in the space to be disinfected is always almost total as the operation also uses the tanks that may be filled at the beginning of the treatment with air instead of gas as happens for the disinfestations with carbon dioxide in which the need for gas is modest; f) the methods of evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed in the tanks during the restoration of an air atmosphere in the disinfested space referred to in point e) of the claim, evacuation which takes place with the same procedure as that specified in point d ) of the claim for the evacuation of the gaseous atmospheres enclosed in the tanks upon the creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected, and with the same pump, the same pipes and the same solenoid valves specified in point d) of the description; This operation also takes place with the expulsion of the gaseous atmospheres at roof levels after their dilution with air and with the evacuation thrusts sustained by the walls of the tanks. 2) Variant to the disinfestation method with lethal atmospheres of nitrogen, or carbon dioxide, or nitrogen and carbon dioxide of urban or industrial buildings referred to in point 1) of the claims, characterized: a) the occupation of the maximum possible part of the spaces inside the buildings free from material with tanks in plastic film with gas barrier, obtained in parallelepiped form by heat-sealing plastic film sheets with gas barrier, of the type specified in numbers 1) and 3) of the claims, inflated with air and having the function of significantly reducing the volume of space inside the buildings to be subjected to disinfestation and therefore consequently reducing the volumes of gas required to carry out the disinfestation; To perform this function, the tanks are equipped with a fitting on which a valve is mounted (table 2; 2,3, k, 5) which in the open position allows it to be inflated with air by means of a portable pump and in the closed position. it isolates the tanks from the space to be subjected to disinfestation; The larger tanks (table 10; 1) in addition to being equipped with the above connection (table 10; 2) are also equipped with metal eyelets or other material applied to heat-sealing folds external to the tanks that run along the perimeters that delimit the base and the top of the tanks (table 10; 3) and that allow to tie the tanks to the uprights of the frames, which constitute the kit of the tanks themselves, (table 10; 4, table 3; 2) to maintain the tanks in the position intended for them and to make them assume a substantially parallelepiped shape; b) by the way of watertight closure of the openings and of the other gas escape routes from the buildings which is designed on the use of the double comics specified in points 4) and 5) of the claims and by the fact that the closing operations must proceed hand in hand with the occupation of the spaces inside the buildings free of matter with the tanks inflated with air referred to in the previous point a) of the claim to allow equal volumes of air; Through the plastic film sheets with gas barrier tightened on some of the double frames closing the openings of the buildings, the gas inlet and air pumping pipe pass watertight into the space to be disinfected, the evacuation pipes of the gaseous atmospheres from the space to be disinfected and the electric control wires of the solenoid valves that open and close the communication between the space to be disinfected and the evacuation pipes of the gaseous atmospheres; The operations and equipment in question are specified in the continuation of the claim; The crossing of the sheets is carried out in the manner illustrated with table number 9; The way of creating the disinfesting atmosphere in the space inside the buildings not occupied by the tanks does not constitute an element characterizing the variant of the disinfestation method referred to in this point of the claims as this method substantially follows that adopted in the disinfestation of cerelis in warehouses and silos and of goods in airtight cells, except for the further specified conduct of dilution with air and expulsion at roof level of the gaseous atmospheres evacuated from the space subjected to disinfestation; The creation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfested is achieved by means of; - the introduction into the space to be disinfected of gas under pressure supplied by dispensers external to the buildings (table 6; 1,2), through a mixer (table 6; 4) which has open-close valves for the communication of all the connected pipes to the mixer itself, and through a gas inlet pipe into the space to be disinfected (table 6; 5) which crosses the plastic film sheet with gas barrier tightened on one of the double frames closing the openings of the buildings. referred to in claims no. 4) and n. 5) (table 6; trat. 6); - simultaneous evacuation, in volumes equal to the volumes of gas introduced into the space to be disinfected, of the gaseous atmospheres that are formed in the space to be disinfected in the face of the gases injected into the space itself; Evacuation is carried out by means of solenoid valves (table 6; 9) for opening-closing the communication between the space to be disinfected and evacuation pipes of the gaseous atmospheres (table 6, 10); The pipes hermetically pass through the sheet of plastic film with gas barrier of some double comics closing the openings of the buildings (table 6; hatching) and pour out the gaseous atmospheres, pushed by the pressure created by the introduction of gas into the space to be disinfest, in a plastic film tube for dilution with air and expulsion of gaseous atmospheres at roof level, identical to that specified in claim 1), point d); The process of gas injection and evacuation of gaseous atmospheres continues until the desired concentration of the gas or gases used to carry out the disinfestation is reached in the space to be disinfected, which is determined with an oxygen or carbon dioxide analyzer which sucks in samples of the atmosphere from the mushroom-shaped valve used to equip one of the sheets and double frames for closing the openings of the buildings; The regulation of the gas inlet pressures is carried out by means of the pressure reducers of the gas dispensers, upon sight control of the thrust that the inlet of gas exerts on the sheets of the double frames closing the openings of the buildings; The method of evacuation of the disinfesting atmospheres from the disinfested space does not constitute an element characterizing the variant of the disinfestation method referred to in this point of the claims as this method substantially follows that adopted in the disinfestation of cerelis in warehouses and silos and of goods in sealed cells watertight, except for the dilution pipeline with air and expulsion at roof level of the gaseous atmospheres evacuated from the space subjected to disinfestation; The evacuation of the disinfesting atmosphere in the disinfected space is carried out by pumping air from the outside of the building into the area subject to disinfestation and at the same time letting the gases and the air of their washing escape outside the building in volumes equal to those introduced; The method of carrying out the operation and the operating structure are identical to those for creating the disinfesting atmosphere in the space to be disinfected, with the sole exception of the use of an air pump instead of the gas dispensers (table 6; 3 ). 3) Plastic film tanks with gas barrier obtained, in parallelepiped shape, by heat sealing plastic film sheets with gas barrier, characterized by: a) from the function that they are intended to perform with any method of disinfestation, rodent control, disinfection of urban or industrial buildings with non-toxic and toxic gases, functions that can be one or more of the following: - to occupy, filled or inflated with gas or air, most of the spaces inside the buildings free of matter to reduce the volume of the spaces to be subjected to disinfestation, rodent control, disinfection to those not occupied by the tanks and to consequently reduce in equal measure the voltimi of the gas or gases needed to carry out the disinfestation, rodent control, disinfection; - to make available inside the buildings all the gas needed to carry out the disinfestation, rodent control, disinfection; - to allow to carry out through them, all the movements of gas, air, gas and air mixtures provided for by the disinfestation, rodent control and disinfection methods applied, so that the pressures exerted to carry out the mixing and transfers of gas, air and air-gas mixtures are supported by the walls of the tanks without appreciably affecting the watertight closure structures put in place to carry out disinfestation, rodent control, disinfection with gas in the buildings; - to allow management of the evacuation of gases from buildings subjected to pest control, rodent control, disinfection so as not to cause damage or inconvenience to people residing in the area; - to allow in disinfestations with nitrogen atmospheres very poor in oxygen to recycle the disinfesting atmosphere created in the space to be disinfected through a tank filled with nitrogen to which a chemical oxygen absorbent is added, to further reduce the oxygen concentration from 0, About 5-0.6% at values around 0.1%; b) the characteristics of the equipment of the tanks themselves aimed at fulfilling the function referred to in point a) of the claim and represented by: - fitting on which a valve is mounted for their filling or inflation with gas or air (table 1; 6, table 10; 2, table 2; 2,3,4,5); This connection can constitute the only equipment of the tanks in the case of tanks inflated with air to perform the sole function of reducing the spaces to be subjected to rodent control, disinfection pest control; - fittings on which solenoid valves are mounted by means of which, with the help of pipes connected to them and pumps, the movements and transfers of gas, air and gaseous atmospheres between tanks, space to be disinfested, rodent control, disinfect and atmosphere can be controlled at will external to the tanks (table 1; 7,9,10,12, table 2; 2,3,4,6) - folds or edges heat-sealed external to the tanks to which metal or other material eyelets are applied to allow positioning , tie and hang the tanks on frames supplied with them (table 1; 2, table 3; 1); The constraint of the tanks has relevance in all the operations that involve the pumping of atmospheres inside the tanks; The hanging of the tanks is essential to avoid them becoming limp "in all the operations of movement of gas, air and gaseous atmospheres carried out at atmospheric pressure between the tanks and spaces outside the tanks; - tie-down eyelets of the tanks to the uprights of their accompanying frames applied to the folds or heat-sealed edges referred to in the previous point (table 1; 3 table 10; U, table 3; 2); - eyelets for hanging with hooks of the tanks to the frames supplied with them (table 1; 5, table 3; 3); - plastic film hoses inside the tanks, and connected to the tank fittings through which atmospheres are introduced into the tanks which, with the motion imparted to them by the turbulence and pressure of the atmospheres introduced, facilitate the mixing of what is introduced with the gases, air, or gaseous atmospheres contained in the tanks. A) double frame with stucco channel, in aluminum profile or other material, for closing the openings and gas escape routes from buildings subjected to disinfestation, rodent control, disinfection, characterized by: a) the function that it is intended to perform, both in a single rigid piece and formed by a set of detached elements and individually fixed in place by means of stoppers to the cornices, walls, and flooring outside the buildings, of: watertight closure of the individual openings of the buildings such as doors and windows, which covers and hermetically encloses with a sheet of plastic film with a gas barrier, tightened on the internal frame of the double frame, and with a channel that is filled with of stucco and which is formed and delimited respectively by the interval between the internal and external frames of the double frame and by the perimeter elements of the two comics that face each other in this interval; - watertight closure of large external surfaces of buildings such as facades and roofs, of which it circumscribes the perimeter with a set of elements detached and fixed individually with stopper, which covers and hermetically encloses with a large sheet of plastic film with a gas barrier, tightened on the internal cornice of the double frame, and with a channel which is filled with stucco and which is formed and delimited respectively by the interval between the internal frame and the external frame of the double frame and by the perimeter elements of the two frames that face each other in this interval; - for watertight closure of entire buildings, of which it circumscribes the perimeter with a set of elements detached and individually fixed to the external flooring with stoppers or long nails, which integrally covers and encloses watertight with a large sheet of film plastic with gas barrier, tightened on the internal frame of the double frame, and with a channel which is filled with stucco and which is formed and delimited respectively by the interval between the internal frame and the external frame of the double frame and by the perimeter elements of the two frames facing each other in this interval; b) the constructive characteristics of the double frame which are designed to perform the functions referred to in the previous point a) of the claim and which are characterized: - by the fact that the double frame is constituted by an internal frame (table 7; 1,) and by an external frame (plate 7, 2), both if formed by a single rigid piece, or if formed by a set of detached elements, each of which is represented and identical in shape to any of the 4 sides of the double frame in one rigid piece, which are individually fixed with stoppers or driving nails to cornices, walls and external floors, to circumscribe, even along irregular perimeters, the surfaces to be closed; by the fact that the internal frame, or the elements that constitute the internal frame and '/ are rigidly connected to the external frame, or to the elements that constitute the external frame, by means of welded pins (table 7; 4); The interval between the internal frame and the external frame forms a grouting channel (plate 7; 3); - From the fact that the internal frame has fins with a hole, welded to it, (table 7; 5) which rest, inside the channel, on the walls or on the external flooring of the buildings; By means of these fins, the double comics are fixed with stoppers (plate 7; 6) to the walls or cornices that surround the openings or facades or roofs to be sealed or to the external flooring of the building when it is sealed to water. entire building; - From the fact that the channel between the internal frame and the external frame of the double frame is filled with stucco and has the function of preventing the disinfesting, rodent control, disinfectant atmosphere created inside the buildings from finding an escape route between the surface of support of the internal frame to the walls or external pavement of the buildings and the same external walls or pavements; due to the fact that the internal frame of the double frame has a counterframe (table 7; 9) for tightly sealing a sheet of plastic film with a gas barrier (table 7; 8) between the counterframe itself and the internal frame of the double frame ; The tightening is carried out with screws and nuts (table 7; 11) and the watertight seal is ensured by closed cell foam rubber gaskets (table 7: 10) carried on the clamping surface (table 7; 7) and by the frame. internal and from the countercommice; The sheet of plastic film with gas barrier covers the entire surface / s to be sealed and the disinfesting, rodent control, disinfectant atmosphere created inside the buildings can escape from these only by permeating between the supporting surface of the internal frame to walls or external flooring of the buildings and the walls and flooring themselves but this is prevented by the stucco that fills the grouting channel. 5) double frame with vacuum formation, in aluminum or other metal profiles, for closing the single openings of the buildings subjected to pest control, rodent control, disinfection, characterized by: a) the function that is intended to perform the closure of the individual openings of buildings such as doors and windows which covers and hermetically encloses from the outside of the buildings by means of: - a sheet of plastic film with a gas barrier, tightened on the internal frame of the double frame; - the support surface of the internal frame itself to the external masonry of the building, which is equipped with a seal in closed cell foam rubber, and which is first pre-tightened and then permanently tightened to the external masonry of the building with the aid of a clamping bar constituting kit of the double frame which rests and contrasts against the walls of the buildings that circumscribe the opening to be closed inside the building itself; The final tightening of the internal frame to the external masonry of the building is carried out under the thrust exerted on the internal frame by the external frame; To have this thrust, a vacuum is created both inside the external frame and between it and the surface of the masonry external to the buildings on which it rests; b) the constructive characteristics of the double frame which are designed to perform the functions referred to in the previous point a) of the claim and which are characterized: - from the fact that the external frame in aluminum or other metal square tube (table 8; 1) is rigidly connected to the internal frame (table 8; U) by means of a metal bar with holes welded to the two frames (table 8; 7 ); The welded bar allows the indirect exercise on the internal frame of the tightening actions in reality exerted on the external frame both mechanically, in the pre-tightening phase, and by means of the thrust exerted by atmospheric pressure when a vacuum is created inside the frame. external and between this and the masonry that supports it; The holes on the welded bar for rigid connection of the two frames prevent the vacuum pump sucking air inside the external frame and from the space between this and the surface that supports it, it can also suck air from inside the buildings in the case of incomplete sealing of the sealing gaskets of both frames; from the fact that the external frame has a welded tube or fixed with U-bolts welded on the opposite face to the one supporting the buildings (table 8; 8) through which two draft tubes pass from inside the buildings of the double frame during the pre-tightening phase and which also serve for the definitive tightening of the double frame (table 8; 9); The two draft tubes have threads on both their ends and pass, as well as through the tube welded or fixed with U-bolts to the external frame (table 8; 8), also through the draft bar (table 8; 11), supplied of the double frame, which inside the buildings is made to rest on the two side walls that flank the opening to be closed; The pre-tightening and final tightening of the double frame is carried out by screwing the nuts on the two ends of the two draft tubes (Table 8; 8,12), in contrast with the draft bar and through this in contrast with the walls that flank the opening to close; The two draft pipes, to enter the buildings, pass watertight through the plastic film sheet with gas barrier tightened on the internal frame of the double frame; The watertight passage is achieved by tightening around the pipe, with a screw and gasket clamp, the edges of the sheet that surround the passage hole of the pipe; - from the fact that the external frame of the double frame has an air intake pipe (table 8, 13) from the inside of the external frame itself and from the space between the external frame and its support surface, it has a closed cell foam rubber gasket on the face supporting the building (table 8; 3) and has suction holes on the supporting face of the building (table 8; 2); By sucking in air with a portable vacuum pump, a vacuum is created inside the external frame and in the space between it and the masonry thus causing * a very strong compression on the external frame by the atmospheric pressure which is reflected on the internal frame making it adhere tightly watertight to the masonry of buildings; The air suction pipe passes watertight through the plastic film sheet with gas barrier tightened on the internal frame as it is normally foreseen that the suction to create the vacuum is done from inside the buildings; - by the fact that the internal frame on the opposite side to that supporting the building has a sheet of plastic film with a gas barrier (table 8; 6) tightly closed between the frame itself and the corresponding counterframe; The way of tightening the sheet is identical to that specified for the sheet carried by the internal frame of the double frame referred to in claim 4), illustrated in table 7; This sheet and the gasket on the supporting face of the buildings carried by the internal frame cover and hermetically enclose the openings of the buildings.