IT201900002191A1 - STRUCTURE OF PERSONAL PROTECTION, DRIVING ASSISTANCE AND SIGNALING, ESPECIALLY FOR ENGINE USE. - Google Patents

Description

Description of the Patent for Industrial Invention entitled:

"Structure for individual protection, driving assistance and signaling, particularly for motor use"

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to an individual protection, driving assistance and signaling structure, particularly for motor use.

The present invention relates in particular to a helmet or helmet equipped with electronic auxiliary equipment with various functions.

The protective structure is particularly designed for motorcycle use but can also be advantageously used in other sports and professional areas.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a road helmet with position lights and directional, stop and emergency signs.

The technique for arranging the signs is of the approved type, with orange portions on the sides and red in the center.

The technology is LED with fades and frames which, appropriately timed, allow for effects of depth.

This allows not only braking but also acceleration and deceleration to be signaled.

The structure includes electronic devices that, together with a smartphone and software, allow you to independently activate the road signs, without engaging the driver.

The structure of the present invention is advantageously equipped with a driving assistant.

Within these tasks, an important object of the invention is to provide a structure which, due to its particular constructive characteristics, is able to ensure the greatest guarantees of reliability and safety in use.

This and other purposes, which will be better highlighted later, are achieved by an individual protection, driving assistance and signaling structure, characterized by the fact that it includes at least: an individual protection device that incorporates road signs for vehicles in circulation, sensors comprising at least one accelerometer, and a control unit; a smartphone with a dedicated application; one or more user devices; one or more vehicle devices; a wireless transmitter; a driving assistant; said user devices comprising at least one gyroscope and being configured to be worn by a user; said vehicle devices having a gyroscope and means for attachment to a vehicle; said wireless transmitter being connected to the vehicle control unit and transmitting via short-range radio frequency; while driving, said structure signaling the braking, acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle; said structure activating autonomously said signs while driving, without engaging the driver.

Further characteristics and advantages of the object of the present invention will become more evident through an examination of the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the invention, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates the components of the individual protection structure, particularly for motoring use, object of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic view of the components of the individual protection structure;

figure 3 is a schematic view of the front part of the helmet;

figure 4 is a schematic view of the rear part of the helmet;

Figure 5 schematically illustrates the electronic components of the structure;

Figure 6 is a schematic front view of the helmet which illustrates the conformation of the padding;

Figure 7 schematically illustrates the display;

Figure 8 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the structure in a reduced configuration;

Figure 9 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the structure in jacket configuration.

With particular reference to the numerical symbols of the aforementioned figures, the individual protection structure, according to the invention, globally indicated with the reference number 1, comprises:

- a helmet or helmet 2 which includes front / rear signaling devices, electronic devices and related software;

- a smartphone 3 with dedicated application;

- one or more user devices 4;

- one or more vehicle devices 5;

- a wireless transmitter 6;

- a battery charger cable 7;

- a battery charger base 8.

The smartphone application adjusts the sensors, configures settings and customizes the behavior of the driving assistant, as detailed below.

User devices comprise at least one gyroscope and have a clip for attachment to clothing.

The vehicle devices have a gyroscope and fastening means, such as a magnet, for applying them to the tank and / or frame of the motorcycle.

The wireless transmitter connects to the vehicle ECU via CANbus interface, LIN, etc., transmits via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

The front part of the helmet or helmet 2 has a standard LED sign 9, advantageously constituted by a reduced version of the rear sign, consisting of a central red block and two orange side blocks. The dimensions of this sign are proportioned in such a way as not to disturb the view of those proceeding in the opposite direction.

The front part of the helmet 2 also comprises a white LED 10, with a flash function for the cameras and a high beam for emergencies, and a display 11, to be applied to the innermost visor of the helmet, in a position such as to be functional and not annoying. Its operation will be described in detail below.

The helmet also comprises audio speakers 12, inserted in the padding, which allow listening to music from the smartphone, communication with the helmet of the passenger or a traveler nearby, and to alert the driver's assistant.

The helmet further comprises a microphone 13, a sun visor 14, a normal visor 15, a camera 16, and a vision sensor 17.

The vision sensor 17 comprises an infrared LED which allows night vision and processing of the detected images.

The rear part of the helmet 2 comprises a central red LED 18, a left orange LED 19, a right orange LED 20, a photovoltaic panel or fabric 21, a battery charger connector 22, and a white LED 23.

The white LED 23 has the function of flash for cameras and high beam for emergencies.

The rear part of the helmet 2 further comprises a camera 24 and a vision sensor 25 which comprises an infrared LED which allows night vision and processing of the detected images.

Advantageously, the helmet incorporates a type of signage approved for vehicles on the road.

The signs are surrounded by frames which, lighting up in sequence and with fading, can create transition effects of approach or departure.

Thanks to an accelerometer, the structure allows to signal both braking and acceleration.

Figure 5 schematically illustrates the electronic components present in the structure which include:

- a micro-controller 26, for processing the data detected by sensors and activating instruments;

- a sonar 27, for the detection of nearby objects; this device is optional;

- triaxial gyroscopes 28, positioned in suitable points in the helmet 2, in the user devices 4 and in the vehicle devices 5;

- triaxial accelerometers 29, arranged in the helmet 2 and in the vehicle devices 5, which allow to measure the intensity of acceleration and deceleration / braking;

- impact sensors 30, for detecting blows to the helmet 2; - a GPS device 31, to communicate the position of the helmet in case of theft or loss;

- a wireless connection 32;

- batteries 33;

- inclination sensors 34, used to adjust the values of the accelerometers 29 in ascent / descent and / or cornering;

- a sound card 35;

- a CANbus / LIN 36 receiver, for network bus area controllers or similar, which allows the connection to the control units of compatible vehicles and to communicate with the structure 1.

Figure 6 schematically illustrates a configuration of the padding of the helmet 2 with an optional airbag device 37 and equipped with an airbag inflation button 38 and an airbag deflation button / valve 39.

The presence of an airbag between the protective shell and the soft padding, allows the padding to come closer to the face, making the helmet fit better and offering a layer of protection that gradually deflates by absorbing any impact, or by pressing on the valve. deflation.

It is important that the padding adheres well to the head because this favors the correct detection of movements. To adhere well also to the shell, it is possible to insert thick elastic bands that are stretched between the shell and the padding through the airbag, through appropriate holes.

Figure 7 illustrates an example of embodiment of the display 11, consisting of a thin flexible two-color display or a rigid three-color display, mounted on the innermost visor.

The display is suitably positioned so as to be visible without obstructing the view or distracting it from the road.

For this purpose, the number of flashes is limited to a maximum (indicated by a lightning bolt).

Sound impulses are indicated; single and fast repetition for emergencies (four arrows), slow frequency double for the suggested directions.

The display consists of three parts, two side blocks for turning and a central one, which together will provide the following information:

- speed, expressed in kilometers per hour or with the unit of measurement set during the configuration phase;

- acceleration / deceleration / braking, represented by a bar that grows from left to right according to the intensity detected;

- active directional arrow, represented with a solid block; it is also signaled with a double audio beat (bass hit, above the audio if playing); the beat remains in operation until the arrow is switched off;

- suggested direction, represented with the outline of a block, is also suggested with a single double audio pulse; the suggestion impulse is repeated only twice at a distance, after which it is considered ignored, then denied;

- distance from the suggested turn, expressed in meters or as per user configuration;

- driving mode: automatic, semi-automatic, manual; with options (highway, traffic);

- meteorological information;

- battery level;

- current time;

- time of arrival;

- rear collision: signals, with two solid blocks flashing on the sides (four arrows), that a vehicle behind has invaded the safety distance and that a danger is plausible; it can suggest which way to move to avoid the collision;

- front collision: it signals, with a full block to full screen, that the front safety distance has been invaded; it can suggest which way to move to avoid the collision;

- collision distance, expressed in meters or as per user configuration.

The operation of the protective structure according to the present invention is as follows.

The structure includes a hardware part consisting of the helmet, the set of sensors, devices and the smartphone.

All the aforementioned components are interconnected with each other thanks to the wireless chipset.

Vehicles whose control units adhere to the CAN / LIN standard (operating protocols since the 1990s) allow you to add new components to your electrical circuit. In this way it is possible to associate a wireless transmitter to the vehicle control unit and communicate on its circuit.

The signage of the helmet 2 and that of the vehicle can thus synchronize and be activated either by the vehicle levers or by the driving assistant and his driving modes.

In warships, the use of several gyroscopes allows you to remove the tide from the aim of the guns; the same principle is used in the structure object of the present invention to control how the vehicle and the driver's body are tilting.

The devices are fastened to the driver's shirt and / or trousers as if they were people seekers.

The same devices are fixed with a magnet on the tank and / or under the vehicle frame.

These devices contain sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer, inclinometer) that allow you to effectively manage the roll, pitch and inclination of the vehicle-driver combination.

These measurements allow the driver's assistant to understand how the motorcyclist is moving along the route in order to manage the signs on the helmet.

The smartphone mainly features configuration functions to calibrate the sensitivity of the sensors and the behavior of the driving assistant.

It also takes advantage of road maps and features that let you know if there are turns around certain coordinates.

Advantageously, the GPS of the helmet can be exploited as much as possible to avoid draining the smartphone battery.

The sonar possibly mounted on the helmet allows the structure to see even more effectively, thus giving the driver all the information necessary to manage the safety distance and avoid accidents that were previously unpredictable.

The sonar view of each helmet can be shared with nearby helmets so that each has an even greater view of the road and possible collisions.

The driving assistant is the software that interacts with the driver.

It resides mainly in the helmet because it has more space for the batteries and thus there is no risk of draining the smartphone.

Thanks to the detections of the sensors of the structure and the road maps, the driver assistant gradually evaluates the possibility that the driver is about to turn and inserts or proposes the arrow.

In this way, if you go through a simple curve (without a turn), the arrow is not inserted unnecessarily.

The driving assistant automatically disengages the arrow when the gyros return to their position.

The driver communicates with the driver assistance via voice commands and is informed via voice impulses or feedback in the loudspeakers and / or the display.

The helmet mounts LED signal lights in compliance with the approved standard, with orange portions on the sides and red in the center. In addition, it has two frames around the central block and one around each directional block.

The switching on of the LEDs takes place with transitions and fades which, appropriately timed, allow effects of depth. These effects also make it possible to signal acceleration and deceleration.

The structure can express the following types of signs. Location: The structure is an important addition to moving road signs, does not require homologation and allows motorists to see motorcyclists from a greater distance, even if they have other cars in front of them.

Acceleration / deceleration: thanks to the presence of the frames and the accelerometer, the structure can signal that the vehicle is accelerating / decelerating by illuminating the front and / or rear central block frames from the outermost to the innermost, and vice versa; without illuminating the center; the effect is repeated a certain number of times, after which you return to the position signs.

Stop: by measuring the deceleration speed, the structure can understand that, once a certain sensitivity threshold is exceeded, braking is in progress; the central block of the front and / or rear lights is then turned on; in addition, the frames can light up from the innermost to the innermost. The central red block remains on; the effect on the frames is repeated a certain number of times until they are all on; the stop signal remains active until the accelerometer detects a decrease in braking and passes to the deceleration or acceleration sign, or returns to the position sign.

Emergency: the structure activates both arrows, right / left, both in front and on the back of the helmet; the frame and the central block flash faster as the impact distance is reduced; this sign also activates the display and pulses in the audio speakers that warn the driver of the danger detected; if possible, a direction suggestion is also activated to avoid the collision; to deactivate this sign, simply shake your head slightly.

Direction: the direction signs can be activated both frontally and on the back of the helmet using both frames and transitions to effect; the arrows are always signaled on the display and in the audio speakers with double beats (audio pulses), at regular intervals.

Overtaking / re-entry: obtained with the left / right direction signs together with the acceleration / deceleration signs.

The driver's assistant always disengages the arrow when the gyros return to their position after a turn.

the driver can always manually disengage the indicators by nodding "No" with his head, as if to shake them off.

The driving assistant assists the driver with three types of driving:

Automatic: the driver's assistant knows where you want to go, thinks of the arrows and indicates the way to the driver; in automatic driving, the driving assistant asks the driver to specify the destination (address or favorite), then follows him on the route with the GPS, suggests the turns to take, switches the arrows on / off automatically, well in advance and without ever engaging the driver.

Semi-automatic: the driving assistant monitors the driver's driving on the map and inserts or proposes the arrows; when it does not know the destination, the driving assistant follows the driver gradually evaluating decelerations, inclinations, and detecting the presence of turns on the map with the GPS; when a turn seems plausible, the driver assistant uses the front vision sensor to check for the presence of vehicles or people in front of him; if the road is clear the driving assistant inserts the arrow directly, vice versa, and in cases where the insertion is uncertain, the driving assistant proposes the arrow with two bass beats in the sound box on the turning side; the suggested arrow can cause only the frame of the arrow to flash for a few moments, in order to anticipate the signaling of the possible turn to the outside; the suggestion is confirmed by the driver with a simple "yes", expressed with his head or voice, or simply denied by ignoring it.

Manual: the driver engages the arrows; the manual guide is always active and prevails over the other guides and can be used in the following ways:

- manual control: for compatible vehicles it is possible to replicate the arrows inserted on the motorcycle on the helmet;

- sound command: expressed with one whistle for the left turn, two whistles for the right; settable;

- verbal command: used in one's own language with the expressions "right", "left";

- motor control: expressed with light movements of the head towards the turning direction, on the axis of rotation most comfortable for the driver;

- recorded command: the user can personalize with the microphone the sounds or words he will use to insert the arrows.

Thanks to map monitoring, the following options are also available, which are activated in addition to the guide used:

Highway: when traveling on the highway, the gyroscopes must work together with the vision sensor, which is responsible for seeing the lane demarcation strips and recognizing the silhouettes of other vehicles; when the gyroscopes tilt and you are near a lane change, the driving assistant switches the indicators on and off automatically; highway driving can activate the front and / or rear safety distance controls.

Traffic: no problem in traffic with automatic driving, the driving assistant knows where he is going and therefore where the driver will turn; with semi-automatic driving, on the other hand, it is essential to monitor deceleration and braking and the traffic disturbs these controls; the driver assistant can recognize the presence of traffic thanks to the navigator and the braking controls and, if there are many turns on the map, he could deactivate the semi-automatic driving in favor of manual driving, asking the driver to specify when he will turn and thus avoiding disturbing him with too many suggestions; once the traffic has passed, the driving assistant re-engages semiautomatic driving by himself; driving in traffic can activate front and / or rear safety distance control.

Driving memory (optional): every time the driving assistant correctly inserts an arrow, it stores the data of the sensors detected near that turn; in this way it can add to the semi-automatic driving a control on the trajectory to understand if the driver is setting the bike as he usually does and then turning that way; by cataloging the curves based on their morphology and learning the trajectories that the user sets for each type, the driving assistant can increase his ability to manage arrows even in places not yet traveled; to catalog the curves, the data of the trajectories are collected and used to compose an augmented map with the inclination and braking data necessary to travel them; this map will be shared by all users of the facility.

These monitors can be triggered in particular conditions, for example when braking, or remain active all the time.

The driver assistant can monitor the driver's speed and warn him with the display when he exceeds the limit indicated on the route.

Using the accelerometer, the driver's assistant can understand when the braking is intense enough to activate the emergency signs both outside and inside the helmet. The brake control can activate the rear safety distance control.

With powerful bikes in particular, one millimeter of gas travel too much is enough and you risk going out of corners.

Thanks to the gyroscopes and the knowledge of the morphology of the route, the driving assistant can analyze the trajectories, calculate fall thresholds and prevent accidents. For example, if you are leaning and / or accelerating too much along a certain curve, the driver assistant can give warning or even emergency signals before the fall threshold.

When the safety distance check is active, the driver assistant uses the front / rear vision sensor and / or sonar (if present) to monitor the safe distance around him. The controls are based on the time and size of the first shape photographed in front and / or behind. When a certain threshold is exceeded, the driver assistance activates the emergency signs and warns the user of the front / rear danger with the display and audio speakers.

The safety distance can adapt to speed and traffic. The driving assistant also suggests which way to move to avoid a collision. In addition, the camera will shoot / film in order to provide evidence of a possible accident. The camera software has a license plate detection system.

Using the gyroscopes, the driver assistant can understand if a fall is in progress and activate the emergency signs and the automatisms set during the configuration phase (video recording, emergency calls, license plate recognition, etc.).

The impact sensors on the helmet are able to detect blows to the head.

In the event of an accident, the driver's assistant can then open emergency calls to the numbers indicated in the configuration. The configuration will ask the user to enter their data of weight, height, age, etc., to be communicated to the services together with their position.

The communication network, private and protected, that the structure creates between itself, the smartphone and its accessories with the gyroscopes, is designed to be accessible also by other participants: the passenger and other users of the structure.

The facility can feel the proximity of a fellow human just behind it and ask whether to enter passenger mode. This causes the driver's helmet to detect driving movements, but the signage is activated only on the passenger's helmet. This mode also provides the intercom functions, music synchronization, etc.

The structure can perceive the presence of other users with a similar structure nearby by checking the maps and signaling their position to others. Once identified, communication with the other helmets can be opened. In the same way, it is possible that nearby helmets exchange their infrared / sonar views with each other, so that everyone has an increased view and information.

For motorbikes with CAN / LIN control units there is a transmitter to be connected to the control unit. In this way the driver's assistant can know when the user brakes or inserts the indicators on the motorcycle and activate them at the same time also on the helmet, without using the sensors on the helmet.

Conversely, the driver's assistant can also insert the arrows on the motorcycle using the sensors, without engaging the driver.

It may also become mandatory to have correctly fitted and fastened the helmet for the vehicle to start, etc.

The structure according to the present invention can also be used with compatible cars.

For cars with CAN / LIN control units it is possible to install only the transmitter of the structure to be used together with the smartphone. In this way, the driving assistant is also available on the car with its guides based on the data of the control unit (steering and brake mainly) instead of on the gyroscopes. In practice, with this transmitter it is the mobile phone that inserts and removes the arrows from the car, based on the route and on the driver's guide.

The structure object of the present invention has advantageous applications also from the insurance point of view.

The application on the smartphone can collect statistical data on the driver's driving and act as a black box. This information can be passed on to insurance companies for the management of personalized policies.

The camera located on the front and / or back of the helmet allows the user to take effective shots and / or videos, for example when cornering, with voice command. The infrared sensor also makes shooting at night possible.

The display mounted on the visor shows acceleration and braking with a moving bar, there is information on the route and the weather, and everything you need to feel on the track.

The integrated audio speakers, the microphone and the connection with the smartphone allow listening to music, intercom functionality with the passenger or with friends nearby, and making telephone calls with direct commands. You can also access all smartphone features that respond to voice commands (Apple Siri, etc.).

The integration with the smartphone and the presence of electronics allows the creation of a social network, usable through the smartphone application of the structure, with expandable functions, such as:

- find friends: with the maps and the GPS sensor you can always know where the friends who are wearing a similar structure are; this function can be useful, for example, not to get lost in meetings or along a route, perhaps planned in a group;

- make yourself known: the smartphone application of the structure allows you to have a personal profile with your personal data, those of your vehicle and helmet to compare with others; this allows you to be visible and traceable by other users; - make new friends: once you have identified another structure on the map, you can contact it and make friends, perhaps by joining an excursion already organized, or by organizing your own and inviting others to participate;

- look at me: the structure allows you to access the camera of another structure with your smartphone to guide the driver along a certain route or simply to see the guide;

- take me to a friend: it is possible to activate automatic driving by dictating the name of a friend directly to the driving assistant; in this way the driving assistant will give all the driving suggestions necessary to reach the friend's position;

- group excursions: group travel itineraries can be organized, with planning of the stops, measurement of travel times, etc .;

- group playlist: during a route or an excursion it is possible to synchronize the music with the passenger or with the whole group on the road;

- group intercom: it is possible to open a communication channel in which more users participate;

- logbook: it is possible to publish snapshots, videos and / or route information on social networks such as the average speed, the maximum speed, the travel times of each stage, etc .;

- on the track: to calculate the travel times of a certain route, for example on the track, and compare it with that of friends, drawing up a ranking.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the protective structure can optionally be used in the context of skiing and snowboarding.

A wearable sensor with gyroscopes, accelerometers and inclinometers to attach to each boot, allows you to understand if the sportsman is setting a curve and in which direction.

In this way it is possible to activate the signage on a version of the structure designed for winter sports. The positioning of a sensor for each foot also allows to detect falls and also to understand the severity of the joints, implementing the necessary emergency and signaling measures (position, personal data, situation, etc.).

The sensors will be programmed to intercept the movements necessary to turn both for skiing and snowboarding separately.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the structure can be made in a reduced version of its components and functions, positioned inside a signaling mask with adhesive to be applied on the back of any helmet.

The reduced version of the structure, schematically illustrated in figure 8 and globally identified with the reference number 101, comprises:

- any 103 smartphone, with its dedicated application;

- wearable user devices 104, with gyroscopes, etc .; - vehicle devices 105, with gyroscopes, etc., to be attached to the vehicle;

- wireless transmitter 106, with CAN / LIN adapter to be connected to the vehicle control unit;

- any 111 earphones, wireless or not, with microphone and connected to the smartphone;

- signaling / sensing equipment 118, comprising wireless controller, GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, inclination sensors, battery and signage of the same type as the full version described above.

With this version of the structure and its driving assistant, the following functions can be implemented:

- signage: all functions;

- driving mode: all except motorway;

- controls: all except safety distance and collisions; - connectivity: all;

- entertainment: everything except HD and infrared cameras; - social networking: anything but "look at me".

Figure 9 illustrates a structure according to a further aspect of the invention which constitutes a reduced version of its components and functions and is positioned on the back of a motorcycle bodice 200. This version of the structure, globally indicated with the reference number 201, includes:

- any 203 smartphone, with its dedicated application;

- wearable user devices 204, with gyroscopes, etc .; - vehicle devices 205, with gyroscopes, etc., to be attached to the vehicle;

- 206 wireless transmitter, with CAN / LIN adapter to be connected to the vehicle control unit;

- any 211 earphones, wireless or not, with microphone and connected to the smartphone;

- signaling / sensing equipment 218, comprising wireless controller, GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, inclination sensors, battery and signage of the same type as the full version described above.

With this version of the structure and its driving assistant, the following functions can be implemented:

- signage: all functions;

- driving mode: all except motorway;

- controls: all except safety distance and collisions; - connectivity: all;

- entertainment: everything except HD and infrared cameras; - social networking: anything but "look at me".

In practice it has been found that the invention achieves the intended aim and objects.

In fact, an individual protection structure has been created including a helmet which, thanks to its sensors and the connection with the smartphone, is able to automatically insert the arrows, monitoring the path, deceleration or braking, as well as vehicle and driver inclinations.

The materials used, as well as the dimensions, may of course be any according to requirements.

Claims (23)

CLAIMS 1. Individual protection, driving assistance and signaling structure, characterized by the fact of comprising at least: an individual protection device (2) which incorporates road signs (18, 19, 20) for vehicles in circulation, sensors comprising at least one accelerometer, and a control unit; a smartphone (3) with a dedicated application; one or more user devices (4); one or more vehicle devices (5); a wireless transmitter (6); a driving assistant; said user devices (4) comprising at least one gyroscope and being configured to be worn by a user; said vehicle devices (5) having a gyroscope and means for attachment to a vehicle; said wireless transmitter (6) being connected to the vehicle control unit and transmitting via short range radio frequency; while driving, said structure signaling the braking, acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle; said structure activating autonomously said signs while driving, without engaging the driver. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said individual protection device comprises a helmet or helmet (2). 3. Structure, according to claim 2, characterized in that the front part of the helmet or helmet (2) has a standard LED sign (9), consisting of a reduced version of said road sign (18, 19, 20) arranged in the back of the helmet; said signage being made up of a central red block and two orange side blocks; the dimensions of said front signs being proportioned in such a way as not to disturb the view of those proceeding in the opposite direction; the front part of the helmet (2) also comprises a white LED (10), with the function of flash for cameras and high beam for emergencies, and a display (11), applied to a helmet visor; said helmet further comprising loudspeakers (12), inserted in the padding; said helmet further comprising a microphone (13), a camera (16), and a vision sensor (17); the rear part of the helmet (2) including a central red LED (18), a left orange LED (19), a right orange LED (20), a photovoltaic panel or fabric (21), a battery charger connector (22), and a white LED (23); the rear part of the helmet (2) further comprising a camera (24) and a vision sensor (25) which comprises an infrared LED which allows night vision and processing of the detected images. 4. Structure, according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises: - a micro-controller (26), for the processing of data detected by sensors and the activation of instruments; - triaxial gyroscopes (28), positioned in said helmet (2), in said user devices (4) and in said vehicle devices (5); - triaxial accelerometers (29), arranged in the helmet (2) and in the vehicle devices (5), which allow to measure the intensity of acceleration and deceleration / braking; - impact sensors (30), for detecting blows to the helmet (2); - a GPS device (31); - a wireless connection (32); - batteries (33); - inclination sensors (34), used to adjust the values of the accelerometers (29) in ascent / descent and / or cornering; - a sound card (35); - a CANbus / LIN receiver (36), for network bus area controllers or similar, which allows the connection to the control units of compatible vehicles and to communicate with the structure (1). 5. Structure according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a sonar (27), for detecting objects in the surroundings. 6. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that said helmet (2) comprises an airbag device (37) equipped with an airbag inflation button (38) and an airbag deflation button / valve (39); said airbag being arranged between the protective cap and the soft padding, allowing the padding to come closer to the face, making the helmet fit better and offering a layer of protection that gradually deflates by absorbing any impact, or by pressing on the deflation valve. 7. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that said display (11) consists of a thin flexible two-color display or a rigid three-color display, mounted on the visor so as to be visible without hindering the view or distract her from the road. 8. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that said driving assistant assists the driver with three types of driving: - automatic: the driver's assistant knows where you want to go, thinks of the arrows and indicates the way to the driver; in automatic driving, the driving assistant asks the driver to specify the destination, then follows him on the route with the GPS, suggests the turns to take, switches the arrows on / off automatically, well in advance and without ever engaging the driver ; - semi-automatic: the driving assistant monitors the driver's guidance on the map and inserts or proposes arrows; when it does not know the destination, the driving assistant follows the driver gradually evaluating decelerations, inclinations, and detecting the presence of turns on the map with the GPS; when a turn seems plausible, the driver assistant uses the front vision sensor to check for the presence of vehicles or people in front of him; if the road is clear the driving assistant inserts the arrow directly, vice versa, and in cases where the insertion is uncertain, the driving assistant proposes the arrow with two bass beats in the sound box on the turning side; the suggested arrow can cause only the frame of the arrow to flash for a few moments, in order to anticipate the signaling of the possible turn to the outside; the suggestion is confirmed by the driver with a simple "yes", expressed with the head or with the voice, or simply denied by ignoring it; - manual: the driver engages the arrows; the manual guide is always active and prevails over the other guides. 9. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that said manual driving mode can be used in the following ways: - manual control: for compatible vehicles it is possible to replicate the arrows inserted on the motorcycle on the helmet; - sound command: expressed with one whistle for the left turn, two whistles for the right; settable; - verbal command: used in one's own language with the expressions "right", "left"; - motor control: expressed with light movements of the head towards the turning direction, on the axis of rotation most comfortable for the driver; - recorded command: the user can personalize with the microphone the sounds or words he will use to insert the arrows. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, in addition to the guide used, the following options are also available: - motorway: when traveling on the motorway the gyroscopes must work together with the vision sensor, which is responsible for seeing the lane markings and recognizing the silhouettes of other vehicles; when the gyroscopes tilt and you are near a lane change, the driving assistant switches the indicators on and off automatically; motorway driving can activate the front and / or rear safety distance controls; - traffic: the driver's assistant knows where the driver is going and therefore where the driver will turn; with semi-automatic driving, on the other hand, it is essential to monitor deceleration and braking and the traffic disturbs these controls; the driver assistant can recognize the presence of traffic thanks to the navigator and the braking controls and, if there are many turns on the map, he could deactivate the semi-automatic driving in favor of manual driving, asking the driver to specify when he will turn and thus avoiding disturbing him with too many suggestions; once the traffic has passed, the driving assistant re-engages the semi-automatic driving by itself; driving in traffic can activate the front and / or rear safety distance control; - optional driving memory: every time the driving assistant correctly inserts an arrow, it stores the data of the sensors detected near that turn; in this way it can add to the semi-automatic driving a control on the trajectory to understand if the driver is setting the bike as he usually does and then turning that way; by cataloging the curves based on their morphology and learning the trajectories that the user sets for each type, the driving assistant can increase his ability to manage arrows even in places not yet traveled; to catalog the curves, the data of the trajectories are collected and used to compose an augmented map with the inclination and braking data necessary to travel them; this map will be shared by all users of the facility. 11. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that the aforesaid monitors can be triggered in particular conditions, for example in the event of braking, or remain always active; said driver assistant can monitor the driver's speed and warn him with the display when he exceeds the limit indicated on the route; using the accelerometer, the driver's assistant can understand when the braking is intense enough to activate the emergency signs both outside and inside the helmet; brake control can activate rear safety distance control; through the gyroscopes and the knowledge of the morphology of the route, the driving assistant can analyze the trajectories, calculate fall thresholds and prevent accidents. 12. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that, when the safety distance control is active, the driving assistant uses the front / rear vision sensor and / or the sonar, if present, to monitor the safety distance around you; said controls are based on the time and on the dimensions of the first shape photographed in front and / or behind; when a certain threshold is exceeded, the driving assistant activates the emergency signs and warns the user of the front / rear danger with the display and audio speakers; the safety distance can adapt to speed and traffic; the driver's assistant also suggests which way to move to avoid a collision; furthermore the camera will shoot / film in order to provide evidence regarding a possible accident; the camera software has a license plate detection system. 13. Structure, according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the gyroscopes, the driving assistant can understand if a fall is in progress and activate the emergency signs and the automatisms set during the configuration phase, such as registration video, emergency calls, license plate recognition, etc. 14. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that said impact sensors on the helmet are capable of detecting blows to the head; in the event of an accident, the driver's assistant can then open emergency calls to the numbers indicated in the configuration; the configuration will ask the user to enter their weight, height, age, etc. data, to be communicated to the services together with their position. 15. Structure, according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the communication network, private and protected, that the structure creates between itself, the smartphone and its accessories with the gyroscopes, is designed to be accessible also by other participants : the passenger and other users of the facility; the structure can feel the proximity of a fellow human just behind it and ask whether to enter passenger mode; this causes the driver's helmet to detect driving movements, but the signs are activated only on the passenger's helmet; this mode also provides intercom functions, music synchronization, etc. 16. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the aforesaid structure can perceive the presence of other users with a similar structure nearby, checking the maps and signaling its position to others; once identified it is possible to open communication with the other helmets; in the same way it is possible that the helmets in the vicinity exchange their infrared / sonar views with each other, so that everyone has an increased view and information. 17. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that, for motorbikes with CAN / LIN control units, a transmitter is provided to be connected to the control unit; in this way the driving assistant can know when the user brakes or inserts the arrows on the motorcycle and activate them at the same time also on the helmet, without using the sensors on the helmet; vice versa, the driver's assistant can also insert the arrows on the motorcycle using the sensors, without engaging the driver. 18. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that the application on the smartphone collects statistical data on the driver's driving and acts as a black box; this information can be transmitted to insurance companies for the management of personalized policies. 19. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that said camera placed on the front and / or rear of the helmet allows the user to take effective shots and / or videos, for example during curves, with voice command. The infrared sensor also makes night shooting possible; the display mounted on the visor shows acceleration and braking with a moving bar, there is information on the route and the weather; the integrated audio speakers, the microphone and the connection with the smartphone allow listening to music, intercom functionality with the passenger or with friends nearby, and making telephone calls with direct commands; it is also possible to access all the smartphone features that respond to voice commands. 20. Structure, according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that the integration with the smartphone and the presence of electronics allows the creation of a social network, usable through the smartphone application of the structure, with expandable functions such as: - find friends: with the maps and the GPS sensor you can always know where the friends who are wearing a similar structure are; this function can be useful, for example, not to get lost in meetings or along a route, perhaps planned in a group; - make yourself known: the smartphone application of the structure allows you to have a personal profile with your personal data, those of your vehicle and helmet to compare with others; this allows you to be visible and traceable by other users; - make new friends: once you have identified another structure on the map, you can contact it and make friends, perhaps by joining an excursion already organized, or by organizing your own and inviting others to participate; - look at me: the structure allows you to access the camera of another structure with your smartphone to guide the driver along a certain route or simply to see the guide; - take me to a friend: it is possible to activate automatic driving by dictating the name of a friend directly to the driving assistant; in this way the driving assistant will give all the driving suggestions necessary to reach the position of the courtroom; - group excursions: group travel itineraries can be organized, with planning of the stops, measurement of travel times, etc .; - group playlist: during a route or an excursion it is possible to synchronize the music with the passenger or with the whole group on the road; - group intercom: it is possible to open a communication channel in which more users participate; - logbook: it is possible to publish snapshots, videos and / or route information on social networks such as the average speed, the maximum speed, the travel times of each stage, etc .; - on the track: to calculate the travel times of a certain route, for example on the track, and compare it with that of friends, drawing up a ranking. 21. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that said protective structure can be used in the context of skiing and snowboarding; a wearable sensor with gyroscopes, accelerometers and inclinometers to attach to each boot, allows you to understand if the sportsman is setting a curve and in which direction; in this way it is possible to activate the signs on a version of the structure designed for winter sports; The positioning of a sensor for each foot also allows to detect falls and also to understand the severity of the joints, implementing the necessary emergency and signaling measures, position, personal data, situation, etc .; the sensors will be programmed to intercept the movements necessary to turn both skiing and snowboarding separately. Structure, according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that said structure can be made in a reduced version of its components and functions, positioned inside a signaling mask with adhesive to be applied on the back of any helmet; said reduced version of the structure includes: - any smartphone (103), with its dedicated application; - wearable user devices (104), with gyroscopes, etc .; - vehicle devices (105), with gyroscopes, etc., to be attached to the vehicle; - wireless transmitter (106), with CAN / LIN adapter to be connected to the vehicle control unit; - any earphones (111), wireless or not, with microphone and connected to the smartphone; - signaling / sensing equipment (118), including wireless controller, GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, inclination sensors, battery and signage of the same type as the full version. 23. Structure according to one or more preceding claims, characterized in that said protective structure, made in a reduced version of its components and functions, is positioned on the back of a motorcycle bodice (200); this reduced version includes: - any smartphone (203), with its dedicated application; - wearable user devices (204), with gyroscopes, etc .; - vehicle devices (205), with gyroscopes, etc., to be attached to the vehicle; - wireless transmitter (206), with CAN / LIN adapter to be connected to the vehicle control unit; - any earphones (211), wireless or not, with microphone and connected to the smartphone; - signaling / lifting equipment (218), comprising wireless controller, GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, inclination sensors, battery and signage of the same type as the full version.