HU199203B - Method for composting stable manure deriving from animal keeping of litter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing compost from stable manures gained by littered animal husbandary, for the conversion into a substance - manure - increasing the fertility of the soil by the decomposition of the stable manure under aerobic conditions. The method according to the invention is characterized in that onto a hydroscopic basic layer a mixture of 86-92 mass-% of stable manure and vegetable waste, as well as the mixture of 3-4 mass-% calcium hydrate and 5-10 mass-% activating agent are piled in layers - stocked up in prisms -, after having set moisture content and pH-value the mixture is allowed to rest, as a consequence of chemical processes occuring therein the temperature rises to 70-75 DEG C, now the mixture is allowed to rest at said temperature to achieve fermentation, thereafter, when temperature is reduced to a value of about 50 DEG C the mixture is aerated and by maintaining moisture content on a constant level, after the expiration of 13-14 days, at the given temperature, simultaneously maintaining the aerobic conditions needed for complete decomposition the mixturre is composed, humidified.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for composting slurry from litter livestock, converting it into soil-enhancing material by aerobic digestion of farmyard manure.

It is known that humidification of barn fertilizers by conventional humidification processes takes at least 12 months after a short period of oxidation at low temperature under anaerobic conditions. However, this long decomposition period is in most cases unsuitable for economic or other reasons, so that the decomposition of barn fertilizers is not completed before application. The digestion of organic matter into nutrients for plants is only partially complete. The professional handling of stable manure from large-scale livestock farming poses many difficulties. In many cases, neither financial nor other material conditions exist.

Under these circumstances, partially humidified barn fertilizers, as one of the natural sources of soil nutrients, cannot be adequately counted on. These are not fully utilized either.

Another disadvantage of using semi-humidified barn fertilizers for soil improvement is that, in many cases, larger amounts of unexplored material, such as cellulosic materials, are incorporated into the soil. They are already degraded in the soil, which has the disadvantage of removing the nitrogen needed for decomposition from the fertilizer. Thus, the nitrogen uptake of the soil can be significantly degraded, albeit temporarily.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a process that eliminates the disadvantages of prior art processes, which allows aerobic digestion of livestock manure from livestock farming in a short period of time and provides a more efficient use and weight of fertilizer compost to increase soil nutrient content in agriculture. can be increased with non-fertilizing material.

The invention is the discovery base ¹ upon the fact that if waste organic material - baktériumsűritmányt assisting stripping added and humifikálást carried out under aerobic conditions, in addition to the degradation time greatly shortened, and the shortened period organic matters will be completely recovered and converted to the plantable form.

The present invention relates to a process for composting almo6 livestock manure compost into soil fertilizer by decomposing the manure under aerobic conditions, comprising applying a mixture of 86-92 tX of farmyard manure waste to a desiccant bed, and

A mixture of 3-4 tX of lime hydrate and 5-10 tX of activator is deposited in layers in a prismatic layer, and after adjusting the humidity and pH, the mixture is allowed to stand while its temperature rises, allowing the mixture to stand at this elevated temperature. After maturation, the temperature of the mixture is reduced to about 50 ° C, whereupon aeration is carried out and the mixture is composted and humidified after a period of 13 to 14 days, maintaining the moisture content at a given temperature under aerobic conditions.

In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention the absorbent layer is peat bran and / or straw chips, while the plant waste is straw and / or sawdust and / or shavings.

In another preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the mixture of farmyard manure and plant waste is maintained at 25-30: 1.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 60-65 tX with the addition of chlorine-free water, if necessary, and the pH adjusted to 7-8 with the addition of additional lime hydrate, if necessary. The temperature of the mixture accumulated per layer rises to 70-75 ° C, at which temperature the mixture is aged for 6-8 days and then aerated.

In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, after aeration, the mixture is maintained at a temperature of about 50 ° C and a moisture content of about 50-55 tX and composted at 40-45 ° C for 4-5 weeks while maintaining aerobic conditions. .

A preferred embodiment of the process of the invention is described in detail below by way of example.

As a first step, an area having a waterproof layer, which may be a plastic film, for example, is formed for receiving the manure. An absorbent base layer formed from straw chips in this embodiment is applied to this waterproofing layer. The manure from the barn is then mixed with plant debris - sawdust - making sure the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the blend is between 25-30: 1. An additional 3-4 tX of lime hydrate and 5-10 tX of activator were added to the mixture thus prepared.

The preparation of the activating agent used in the process is described in U. S. Patent No. 195,463.

The activating agent is prepared as follows:

First, 25-30 parts by weight of green plant material,

HU 199203 A • 1

10-12

40-50

1-2

1-2

3-5

15-20 parts by weight of grape marrow,

40-50 parts by weight of cane debris or chopped straw and parts by weight of peat bran are mixed and the moisture content of the mixtures is adjusted to 70-80 tX by addition of chlorine-free water. To the transferred material, a total of 0.5-1 tX of green plant material, grape marc, cane debris, straw or mown grass mixture, decomposed cane slurry, ammonium nitrate and poultry manure is added to a slurry followed by homogenization, Leave to stand for 3 weeks. 15

Subsequently, to a mixture of 35-40 parts by weight of fallen leaves with parts by weight of peat bran, parts by weight of vegetable waste, suitably ground straw and / or corn stalks, a part by weight of tobacco powder, part by weight of lime hydrate and part by weight of ammonium nitrate 25 is added. After setting, the wetted materials are homogenized by placing them in a prism, covered with a layer of moistened peat bran, and allowed to stand with black foil.

When the temperature of the prism reached 50-55 ° C, 100-120 liters of air were blown into the mixture or the prism was rotated, calculated for every m 'of the prism. 35

After 10 days from the rise in the temperature of the prism, the pH, C: N ratio and moisture content of the mixture are determined and intervened depending on the values obtained, e.g. if the pH is less than 7.5, the pH is adjusted to 7.5-8 by addition of lime hydrate. If the C: N ratio is above 13: 1, the ratio is adjusted to about 10: 1 by addition of additional ammonium nitrate. In the 45 cases where the humidity is below 50 tX, so that the chlorine-free water is added, the humidity is adjusted to 50-55 tX and the air continues to be bled until the color of the prism material turns brown and 50 the ammonia smell is reduced. Once the air supply has ceased, the mixture is cured for a further 10-14 days.

Following the preparation of the active ingredient components as described above, the components are mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, after the addition of 15 tX poultry manure, the mixture is homogenized and left to seal for 8 to 10 days in a closed place with black foil.

The mixture of activator prepared as described above is stacked in layers, forming a prism, which is added with the addition of chlorine-free water as required, 60-65. Wet to tX moisture and adjust the pH to 7-8 with additional lime hydrate. The mixture is then allowed to stand. The prismatic mixture initiates the desired microbiological process required for degradation, whereby the temperature of the prism generally rises to 70-75 ° C, which remains high for a relatively long period of 6-8 days. During this period, an aerobic fermentation takes place, in which various bacteria and fungi attack the virgin organic matter and break it down into simple carbohydrates, releasing heat and carbon dioxide. Oxidation of carbohydrates is also visible to the naked eye, as indicated by the staring of the substance. At the same time, nitrifying bacteria absorb free ammonia from the waste and convert it into their own protein.

Upon completion of the aerobic fermentation, the temperature of the mixture decreases to about 50 ° C, whereby aeration is required by transferring the prism.

After transfer, the moisture content of the prism is adjusted to a constant value of 50-55 tX, which is also achieved by addition of chlorine-free water. After 13-14 days, the mixture was composted and humidified at 40-45 ° C for 4-5 weeks.

An advantage of the process according to the invention is that with the help of organic fertilizers contained in livestock livestock manure and vegetable waste added within a relatively short period of time, the plants can be converted into a form that can be taken up, which greatly reduces soil nutrient supply.

A further advantage of the process according to the invention is that it does not require any major investment and allows the production of high quality compost slurry at a relatively low cost.

Claims (9)

1. A process for composting livestock livestock manure composting »converting the oil into a fertilizer enhancer» by aerobic digestion of the livestock manure, characterized in that 86-92 tX of a mixture of livestock manure waste and The mixture of lime hydrate and 5-10 tX of activating agent 10 is deposited in layers in a prismatic layer, and after adjusting for humidity and pH, the mixture is allowed to stand while the temperature of the mixture rises to 70-75 ° C which is allowed to stand at 15 when the temperature drops to about 50 ° C, the mixture is aerated, then the mixture is composted and humidified at a constant temperature of 13 to 14 days at a constant temperature of humidity under aerobic conditions. 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent layer is peat bran and / or straw chips. 25 The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant waste is straw and / or sawdust and / or shavings and / or vegetable waste. 4. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of carbon nitrogen in the mixture of farmyard manure and plant waste is 25-30: 1. 35 5. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 60-65% by adding chlorine-free water as needed, and the pH value is adjusted to 7-8 by adding an additional 40 lime hydrates. 6. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixture deposited in each layer in a prism is fermented at a temperature of 70-75 ° C- 45 for 6-8 days. 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the aeration is carried out by reloading the prism. 8. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the temperature of the mixture after aeration is maintained at about 50 ° C and its moisture content is between 50 and 55 tX. 9. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composting is carried out at 40-45 ° C for 4-5 weeks.