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HRP20030936A2 - Multiple sensor for simultaneous measurement (activation) of electrolytes concentration in serum, plasma and blood samples - Google Patents

Multiple sensor for simultaneous measurement (activation) of electrolytes concentration in serum, plasma and blood samples Download PDF

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HRP20030936A2
HRP20030936A2 HR20030936A HRP20030936A HRP20030936A2 HR P20030936 A2 HRP20030936 A2 HR P20030936A2 HR 20030936 A HR20030936 A HR 20030936A HR P20030936 A HRP20030936 A HR P20030936A HR P20030936 A2 HRP20030936 A2 HR P20030936A2
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reference electrode
multiple sensor
measuring
sample
sensor
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HR20030936A
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Rumenjak Vlatko
Milardović Stjepan
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Stjepan Milardović Vlatko Rumenjak
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Abstract

Ionsko selektivni senzori u komercijalnim biokemijskim analizatorima konstruirani su tako da se sastoje od više mjernih elektroda međusobno spojenih brtvama, a referentna elektroda je odvojena od mjerne ćelije. Ovakva konstrukcija zahtijeva od korisnika određeni stupanj vještine i vremena za održavanje, unatoč prividnoj jednostavnosti. Česta su začepljenja što uzrokuje prekide u radu koji znaju potrajati, a što je vrlo nezgodno u situacijama kadje potrebno brzo učiniti analizu. Valja napomenuti da se radi o analizama koje mogu biti od vitalnevažnosti, na primjer u intenzivnoj skrbi. Opisanivišestruki senzor za istovremeno mjerenje koncentracije elektrolita u uzorcima seruma, plazme ili pune krvi konstruiran kao cjelina koja uz mjerne elektrode ima integriranu referentnu elektrodu, jednostavan je za održavanje, zauzima malo mjesta što omogućuje minijaturizaciju analizatora. Eventualnazačepljenja iako se uklanjaju jednostavnim pomicanjem višestrukog senzora što omogućuje čišćenje kanalića. Konstrukcija same referentne elektrode osigurava stabilan mjerni signal.Ion-selective sensors in commercial biochemical analyzers are designed to consist of multiple measuring electrodes interconnected by seals, and the reference electrode is separated from the measuring cell. Such a construction requires a certain degree of skill and time for the user, despite the apparent simplicity. Clogs are common, causing interruptions in work that can take time, which is very tricky in situations where analysis is needed quickly. It should be noted that these are vital analyzes, for example in intensive care. The multiple sensor for simultaneous measurement of the concentration of electrolytes in serum, plasma or whole blood samples, constructed as a whole, which has an integrated reference electrode in addition to the measuring electrodes, is easy to maintain, takes up little space, allowing miniaturization of the analyzer. The possible blockages though are eliminated by simply moving the multiple sensor, which allows the ducts to be cleaned. The construction of the reference electrode itself provides a stable measuring signal.

Description

Područje na koje se izum odnosi (područje primjene) Area to which the invention relates (area of application)

Izum se odnosi na područje mjerne tehnologije. Višestruki senzor namijenjen je mjerenjima u području laboratorijske medicine kako u humanoj tako i u veterinarskoj medicini. Iako je senzor namijenjen direktnim mjerenjima kada se uzorak se prije mjerenje ne razrijeđuje, ali se može jednako koristiti i u indirektinm mjerenjima (u kojima je uzorak razrijeđen prije mjerenja. Prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata ovaj izum može se svrstati u klase. The invention relates to the field of measurement technology. The multiple sensor is intended for measurements in the field of laboratory medicine, both in human and veterinary medicine. Although the sensor is intended for direct measurements when the sample is not diluted before measurement, it can equally be used in indirect measurements (in which the sample is diluted before measurement. According to the International Classification of Patents, this invention can be classified into classes.

G 01 N 27/333 - Ion selektivne elektrode ili membrane G 01 N 27/333 - Ion selective electrode or membrane

G 01 N 27/401 - Solni most, tekućinski spoj, G 01 N 27/401 - Salt bridge, liquid connection,

G 01 N 27/404 - Ćelije sa anodom, katodom i elektrolitima na istoj strani permeabilne membrane koja ih dijeli od uzorka. G 01 N 27/404 - Cells with anode, cathode and electrolytes on the same side of a permeable membrane separating them from the sample.

G 01 N 27 413 - Ćelije koje koriste tekući elektrolit. G 01 N 27 413 - Cells using liquid electrolyte.

Tehnički problem za koji se traži patentna zaštita Technical problem for which patent protection is sought

Ovaj izum odnosi se na: This invention relates to:

• Konstrukcija višestrukog tonsko selektivnog senzora izvedenog kao kompaktna cjelina sa mjernim elektrodama i referentnom elektrodom Integriranom u mjerni članak; • Construction of a multiple tone-selective sensor made as a compact unit with measuring electrodes and a reference electrode integrated into the measuring article;

• Ostvarivanje spoja uzorka i elektroda u senzoru pomoću đvodjelnog sustava koji spojeni zajedno čine kanalić kojim prolazi uzorak; • Creating a connection between the sample and the electrodes in the sensor using a two-part system that, when connected together, forms a channel through which the sample passes;

• Održavanje stabilnosti ostatnog potencijala pomoću gela postavljenog u referentnu elektrodu. • Maintaining the stability of the residual potential by means of a gel placed in the reference electrode.

Stanje tehnike State of the art

Mjerenje koncentracije elektrolita jedan je oct najčešćih mjerenja koje se svakodnevno vrše u medicinsko biokemijskim laboratorijima širom svijeta. Za ova mjerenja koriste se jonsko selektivne elektrode za pojedine elektrolite, odnosno pH krvi. Measuring the concentration of electrolytes is one of the most common measurements that are performed daily in medical and biochemical laboratories around the world. For these measurements, ion-selective electrodes are used for individual electrolytes, i.e. blood pH.

Ionsko selektivne elektrode su kemijski senzori koji imaju dugu povijest i vjerojatno najveći broj primjena. Na raspolaganju su elektrode za klinički najvažnije relevantne ione: natrij, kalij, kalcij vodikovi ioni i magnezij, a mogu se neposredno koristiti u biološkim tekućinama kao što su puna krv, serum, plazma, urin i slina. Postoji i mogućnost neposredne kombinacije ovih senzora sa drugim elektrokemisjkim senzorima za plinove u krvi i metabolite kao što je glukoza i ureja. Upotreba ovakvih senzora omogućuje brza i jeftina mjerenja, gotovo bez održavanja aparata sa dugim vremenom upotrebe senzora. Ion-selective electrodes are chemical sensors that have a long history and probably the largest number of applications. Electrodes are available for the most clinically relevant ions: sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen ions and magnesium, and they can be used directly in biological fluids such as whole blood, serum, plasma, urine and saliva. There is also the possibility of direct combination of these sensors with other electrochemical sensors for blood gases and metabolites such as glucose and urea. The use of such sensors enables fast and cheap measurements, almost without maintenance of the apparatus with a long time of use of the sensor.

Razvoj i istraživanje na području ionsko selektivnih senzora imalo je za cilj stvoriti robustne, minijaturne, čvrste uređaje sa brzim i osjetljivim odgovorom i vrhunskom osjetljivosti koji bi se mogli proizvoditi uz nisku cijenu. Specifična geometrija mjernih i elektroda i referentne elektrode je vrlo različita od proizvođača do proizvođača, ovisno o tome da li je instrument namjenjen mjerenjima u medicinsko biokemijskom laboratoriju ili pretragama uz bolesnika. U nekim primjerima ionsko selektivne elektrode izvedene su kao cijevi sa zidom koji ujedno služi kao ion selektivna membrana. U svakom slučaju, ključna komponenta senzora je membrana sastavljena bilo od stakla za pH i natrij, ili od polimernog materijala, obično polivinilklorid, koji je dopunjen odgovarajućim ionoforom za svaki elektrolit: kalij kloridi, kalcij. Polimerne membrane osobito su prikladne za proizvodnju senzora različitih oblika i veličina. Ionofor u ovim polimernim membranama služi kao reverzibilni agens koji selektivno ekstrahira analit u organsku fazu membrane, stvarajući tako graničnu raspodjelu naboja na granici membrana / uzorak. U analizi uzoraka krvi, integrirani mjerni sustav mora biti u mogućnosti mjeriti sve parametre pod kontroliranim uvjetima. Potreba za smanjivanjem volumena uzorka i tekućina i povećani zahtijevi za pretragama uz bolesnika dovode do razvoja minijaturnih senzorskih sklopova. Development and research in the field of ion-selective sensors aimed to create robust, miniaturized, rugged devices with fast and sensitive response and superior sensitivity that could be manufactured at low cost. The specific geometry of the measuring electrodes and the reference electrode is very different from manufacturer to manufacturer, depending on whether the instrument is intended for measurements in a medical biochemical laboratory or tests next to the patient. In some examples, ion-selective electrodes are made as tubes with a wall that also serves as an ion-selective membrane. In any case, the key component of the sensor is a membrane composed of either glass for pH and sodium, or a polymeric material, usually polyvinyl chloride, which is supplemented with an appropriate ionophore for each electrolyte: potassium chloride, calcium. Polymeric membranes are particularly suitable for the production of sensors of various shapes and sizes. The ionophore in these polymer membranes serves as a reversible agent that selectively extracts the analyte into the organic phase of the membrane, thus creating a boundary charge distribution at the membrane/sample interface. In the analysis of blood samples, the integrated measurement system must be able to measure all parameters under controlled conditions. The need to reduce the volume of samples and liquids and the increased requirements for examinations with the patient lead to the development of miniature sensor assemblies.

Jedan od glavnih ciljeva u proizvodnji ionsko selektivnih senzora je uklanjanje tekuće unutarnje otopine elektrolita koja se koristi u konvencionalnim tipovima ionsko selektivnih elektroda, budući da postoje realne poteškoće u proizvodnji minijaturnih verzija ovih senzora ako je tekućina uključena unutar elektrode. Cilj je postignut korištenjem materijala kao što su hidrogelovi natopljeni odgovarajućim elektrolitom, to jest onim koji sudjeluje u prenosu naboja između unutarnje Ag/AgCl referentne elektrode i granične PVC membrane. Zahvaljujući ovim tehnikama, moguća je proizvodnja senzora u minijaturnim oblicima. Obično je sklop senzora upakiran u protočnu ćeliju koja omogućuje integriranu kontrolu uzorka i reagenasa. One of the main goals in producing ion-selective sensors is to eliminate the liquid internal electrolyte solution used in conventional types of ion-selective electrodes, since there are real difficulties in producing miniaturized versions of these sensors if liquid is included inside the electrode. The goal was achieved by using materials such as hydrogels soaked in a suitable electrolyte, that is, one that participates in charge transfer between the internal Ag/AgCl reference electrode and the boundary PVC membrane. Thanks to these techniques, it is possible to produce sensors in miniature forms. Typically, the sensor assembly is packaged in a flow cell that allows for integrated sample and reagent control.

Brojna istraživanja dovela su do značajnog produžetka trajanja senzora, ujedno reducirajući postupke održavanja uz mogućnost upotrebe malih uzoraka krvi. Današnja tehnologija dopušta točna i precizna simultana mjerenja nekoliko analita u uzorku pune krvi sa vremenom odgovora ne dužim od 2 minute. Stvarnost je, međutim, da jedini zadovoljavajući rezultat ovih nastojanja su tržište senzora za elektrolite i plinove u krvi. Tako su višekanalni uređaji za mjerenje elektrolita i plinova u krvi prisutni od više raznih kompanija od kojih su najpoznatiji Nova Biomedical, Bayer, Instrumentation Laboratory, ali i drugi. Analizatori ovih kompanija namijenjeni su mjerenjima u medicinsko biokemijskim laboratorijima i uz plinove u krvi, mjere pH, kalij, natrij, kloride i ionizirani kalcij. Numerous studies have led to a significant extension of the life of the sensor, at the same time reducing maintenance procedures with the possibility of using small blood samples. Today's technology allows accurate and precise simultaneous measurements of several analytes in a whole blood sample with a response time of no more than 2 minutes. The reality, however, is that the only satisfactory result of these efforts is the market for sensors for electrolytes and blood gases. Thus, multi-channel devices for measuring electrolytes and blood gases are available from several different companies, the most famous of which are Nova Biomedical, Bayer, Instrumentation Laboratory, and others. The analyzers of these companies are intended for measurements in medical biochemical laboratories and, in addition to blood gases, measure pH, potassium, sodium, chlorides and ionized calcium.

Brojni su čimbenici potrebni za razmatranje provedbe tehnoloških inovacija u praksi. Samo napredovanje u tehnologiji senzora je preduvjet za napredak komercijanih instrumenata. Unatoč tome, proizvođači kliničkih analizatora i njihovi korisnici su pod pritiskom da racionaliziraju svoje troškove. Za krajnjeg korisnika odlučan je podatak krajnja cijena analize. To znači da redukcija cijene tehnološkog napretka može biti zasjenjena cjelokupnom cjenom instrumenta, potrošnih materijala, usluge i rada. Posljednjih godina tehnološki napredak omogućio je određivanje svih relevantnih iona u krvi uz bolesnika upotrebom prenosivih integriranih senzora. Ovakvo brzo određivanje je ipak mnogo skuplje od analize izvedene u centraliziranom biokemijskom laboratoriju. A number of factors are necessary to consider the implementation of technological innovations in practice. The advancement in sensor technology itself is a prerequisite for the advancement of commercial instruments. Despite this, manufacturers of clinical analyzers and their users are under pressure to rationalize their costs. The final price of the analysis is decisive for the end user. This means that the price reduction of technological progress can be overshadowed by the overall price of the instrument, consumables, service and labor. In recent years, technological progress has made it possible to determine all relevant ions in the blood near the patient using portable integrated sensors. Such rapid determination is, however, much more expensive than analysis performed in a centralized biochemical laboratory.

Dok je koncept integriranih sustava realiziran u području kliničko kemijskih analiza, on još uvijek nije prilagođen primjeni u drugim područjima kao što je naprimjer praćenje okoliša. Osim što još ne postoje potenciometrijski senzori za neke interesantne vrste kao što su teški metali, tržište je na ovom području razjedinjeno sa vrlo različitim listama želja. To je u suprotnosti sa medicinskim područjem gdje je sastav i koncentracija relativno stalna te se uvjeti mjerenja mogu precizno definirati. Masovna proizvodnja ionsko selektivnih elektroda danas je rutina. Unatoč tome do sada nema raspoloživog koncepta za smanjivanje referentne elektrode na način kao što je to učinjeno sa mjernim elektrodama. Referentna elektroda može biti zajednička za više mjernih elektroda. Referentna elektroda je elektrokemijska polućelija sa Ag/AgCl u kontaktu sa otopinom KCl. Ova elektroda je u vezi sa uzorkom preko solnog mosta. Solni most ili tekućinski spoj može biti izveden tako da je otopina KCl u direktnom kontaktu sa uzorkom ili preko gela, odonosno poroznog keramičkog čepa. Ovakva referentna elektroda naziva se elektroda sa otvorenim kontaktom. Drugi način je kada su uzorak i otopina KCl odijeljeni polupropusnom membranom. Ovo je membranski tip referentne elektrode. U svakom ionsko-selektivnom mjernom sustavu postoji mali, ali značajan potencijal na granici uzorka i solnog mosta koji je posljedica razlike u brzini difuzije iona na granici dviju tekućina različitog sastava i naziva se ostatni tekućinski potencijal. Ovaj ostatni tekućinski potencijal vrlo je promjenljiv i ovisi o sastavu uzorka. Ispitivanja su pokazala da je membranski tip referentne elektrode osjetljiviji na razne interferencije, kao što je taloženje proteina uzorka na membranu. U vodenim se otopinama vrijednosti ostatnog tekućinskog potencijala mogu približno izračunati. Međutim, u punoj krvi, serumu ili plazmi vrlo je teško procijeniti ovaj potencijal zbog nepredvidtvosti sastava uzorka. Mnogi proizvođači koriste koncentracije 2,0; 3,0 i 3,5 mol/L KCl. While the concept of integrated systems has been realized in the field of clinical chemical analyses, it is still not adapted to application in other areas such as environmental monitoring. Apart from the fact that potentiometric sensors do not yet exist for some interesting species such as heavy metals, the market is fragmented in this area with very different wish lists. This is in contrast to the medical field where the composition and concentration is relatively constant and the measurement conditions can be precisely defined. Mass production of ion-selective electrodes is routine today. Despite this, so far there is no available concept for reducing the reference electrode in the way that is done with the measuring electrodes. The reference electrode can be shared by several measuring electrodes. The reference electrode is an electrochemical half-cell with Ag/AgCl in contact with KCl solution. This electrode is connected to the sample via a salt bridge. A salt bridge or liquid connection can be made so that the KCl solution is in direct contact with the sample or via a gel, or a porous ceramic plug. Such a reference electrode is called an electrode with an open contact. Another way is when the sample and the KCl solution are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. This is a membrane type reference electrode. In every ion-selective measuring system, there is a small but significant potential at the border of the sample and the salt bridge, which is a consequence of the difference in the speed of ion diffusion at the border of two liquids of different composition and is called the final liquid potential. This last liquid potential is highly variable and depends on the composition of the sample. Tests have shown that the membrane type of the reference electrode is more sensitive to various interferences, such as deposition of sample proteins on the membrane. In aqueous solutions, the values of the residual liquid potential can be approximately calculated. However, in whole blood, serum or plasma it is very difficult to assess this potential due to the unpredictability of the sample composition. Many manufacturers use concentrations of 2.0; 3.0 and 3.5 mol/L KCl.

Sa stanovišta proizvođača, vrlo je prikladno upotrebiti referentnu elektrodu napravljenu od istog materijala kao i mjerne elektrode. Međutim, mnoga rješenja u praksi su se pokazala kao loše izvedbe. From the manufacturer's point of view, it is very convenient to use a reference electrode made of the same material as the measuring electrodes. However, many solutions in practice have proven to be of poor performance.

Kalibracija ionsko selektivnih elektroda bila je kontroverzno područje kroz duže vrijeme. Mnogi prozvođači preporučivali su svoje vlastite kalibracione standarde i kontrolni materijal koje se kretao od jednostavnih vodenih otopina do složenih mješavina koje su uključivale i goveđi serumski albumin. Zahvaljujući ovim razlikama u kalibracionim otopinama, postojale su i razlike u vrijednostima elektrolita u istom uzorku. Calibration of ion selective electrodes has been a controversial area for a long time. Many manufacturers recommended their own calibration standards and control material that ranged from simple aqueous solutions to complex mixtures that included bovine serum albumin. Thanks to these differences in the calibration solutions, there were also differences in the electrolyte values in the same sample.

Svi ionskoselektivni analizatori prisutni na tržištu, bez obzira da li se radi o samostalnim uređajima, ili uređajima integriranim u biokemijske analizatore, koriste najviše tri ion selektivne elektrode koje svaka čine zasebni senzor i referentnu elektrodu koja je zajednička za sve mjerne elektrode. Svi poznati senzori ovog tipa mjere samo koncentraciju kalija, natrija i klorida. Postoje rješenja u kojima su senzori, uključujući i referentnu elektrodu spajani brtvama. U drugim rješenjima senzori su umetani u specifična kućišta. All ion-selective analyzers on the market, regardless of whether they are stand-alone devices or devices integrated into biochemical analyzers, use a maximum of three ion-selective electrodes, each of which constitutes a separate sensor and a reference electrode that is common to all measuring electrodes. All known sensors of this type only measure the concentration of potassium, sodium and chloride. There are solutions in which the sensors, including the reference electrode, are connected by gaskets. In other solutions, the sensors are inserted into specific housings.

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Višestruki senzor za mjerenje koncentracije elektrolita Multiple sensor for measuring electrolyte concentration

Višestruki senzor namijenjen je direktnim ili indirektnim mjerenjima koncentracije elektrolita u uzorcima pune krvi, seruma ili plazme. Bit ovakve izvedbe senzora je u tome što je izveden kao jedna cjelina koja sadrži 5 mjernih elektroda za mjerenje pH, kalija, natrlja, klorida i kalcija te referentnu elektrodu. Hidrogel u referentnoj elektrodi omogućuje mjernu stabilnost. Zahvaljujući ovakvoj izvedbi, višestruki senzor je jednostavan za rukovanje, održavanje senzora svedeno je na mali broj postupaka kao što su kalibracija, eventualno odstanjivanje ugruška krvi koji može začepiti senzor i laka i brza zamijena ojelog senzora što je od ključne važnosti u situacijama kad je potrebno hitno određivanje ovih elektrolita. Također, zahvaljujući ovakvoj konstrukciji i dimenzijama, višestruki senzor se može koristiti bilo u uređajima za pretrage uz bolesnika, bilo u biokemijskim analizatorima koji se koriste u medicinsko biokemijskim laboratorijima. Zbog načina izvedbe, potrebna je mala količina uzorka do 50 µl uzorka pune krvi, seruma ili plazme, senzor ne zahtijeva održavanje, lako se zamjenjuje. The multiple sensor is intended for direct or indirect measurements of electrolyte concentration in whole blood, serum or plasma samples. The essence of this type of sensor is that it is made as a single unit containing 5 measuring electrodes for measuring pH, potassium, sodium chloride, chloride and calcium, as well as a reference electrode. The hydrogel in the reference electrode provides measurement stability. Thanks to this design, the multiple sensor is easy to handle, sensor maintenance is reduced to a small number of procedures such as calibration, possible removal of a blood clot that can clog the sensor, and easy and quick replacement of an old sensor, which is of key importance in situations when it is urgently needed determination of these electrolytes. Also, thanks to this construction and dimensions, the multiple sensor can be used either in devices for tests next to the patient, or in biochemical analyzers used in medical biochemical laboratories. Due to the method of execution, a small amount of sample is required up to 50 µl of whole blood, serum or plasma sample, the sensor does not require maintenance, it is easily replaced.

Opis crteža Description of the drawing

Na slici 1 prikazan presjek višestrukog senzora. Kao što je prikazano na slici slijedi: Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a multiple sensor. As shown in the following image:

1 tijelo višestrukog senzora 1 multi-sensor body

2a - 2 e mjerne elektrode, 2a - 2 e measuring electrodes,

3 referentna elektroda 3 reference electrode

4 Ag/AgCl žica u mjernim i referentnim elektrodama 4 Ag/AgCl wires in measuring and reference electrodes

5 Hidrogel sa unutarnjim elektrolitom u referentnoj elektrodi 5 Hydrogel with internal electrolyte in the reference electrode

6 Hidrogel u mjernim elektrodama 6 Hydrogel in measuring electrodes

7 PVC membrane mjernih elektroda 7 PVC membranes of measuring electrodes

8 Otvor na referentnoj elektrodi za spoj unutarnjeg elektrolita i uzorka/standarda 8 Hole on the reference electrode for the connection of the internal electrolyte and the sample/standard

Slika 2 prikazuje donji odvojeni dio elektrode: Figure 2 shows the lower detached part of the electrode:

9 tijelo kanalića 9 body of the canaliculi

10 kanalić 10 channel

11a i 11 b otvori za ulaz i izlaz tekućine 11a and 11b openings for the inlet and outlet of liquid

Slika 3 prikazuje izgled sastavljenog senzora: Figure 3 shows the appearance of the assembled sensor:

12 kontakti za priključenje elektroda na elektronički dio analizatora. 12 contacts for connecting the electrodes to the electronic part of the analyzer.

Način ostvarivanja izuma Method of realizing the invention

U tijelu senzora, pozicija 1, slika 1, izrađenom od polikarbonata, ugrađene su 5 mijernih, označenih pozicijama 2a - 2e na slici 1 i referentna, označena sa pozicijom 3 na slici 1. U elektrodama je hidrogel natopljen unutarnjim elektrolitom u mjernim elektrodama označen pozicijom 6, te hidrogel u referentnoj elektrodi natopljen otopinom KCl koncentracije 2 mol/L, označen pozicijom 5. Na slici 1 kontaktne elektrode su Ag/AgCl žice označene pozicijom 4. Sastav elektrolita i ionofor prikazani su u tablici 1. Na dnu svake mjerne elektrode nalazi se PVC membrana sa odgovarajućim ionoforom. Membrane sadrže polivinil-klorid i plastlfikator. Pozicija PVC membrana mjernih elektroda prikazana je pozicijom 7 na slici 1, a otvor referentne elektrode pozicijom 8 na istoj slici. Na slici 2 prikazan je tijelo od silikona, pozicija 9, u koje je utisnut kanal označen pozicijom 10, sa otvorima za dovod, označen 11a, i odvod tekućine, označen pozicijom 11b. Kroz otvore na krajevima ovog silikonskog djela, senzor je povezan sa peristaltičkom pumpom preko koje ulazi, odnosno izlazi uzorak, standard i/ili otopina za ispiranje., Na slici 3 prikazan je sastavljeni senzor sa pozicijama koje odgovaraju slikama 1 i 2. Pozicija 12 označava kontakte za priključak senzora na instrument. Osnovne osebine mjernih elektroda prikazane su u tablici 1: In the body of the sensor, position 1, figure 1, made of polycarbonate, 5 measuring ones, marked with positions 2a - 2e in figure 1 and a reference one, marked with position 3 in figure 1, are installed. 6, and the hydrogel in the reference electrode soaked in a KCl solution with a concentration of 2 mol/L, marked with position 5. In Figure 1, the contact electrodes are Ag/AgCl wires marked with position 4. The composition of the electrolyte and the ionophore are shown in table 1. At the bottom of each measuring electrode there are is a PVC membrane with a suitable ionophore. Membranes contain polyvinyl chloride and plasticizer. The position of the PVC membranes of the measuring electrodes is shown in position 7 in Figure 1, and the opening of the reference electrode in position 8 in the same figure. Figure 2 shows a body made of silicone, position 9, into which a channel marked position 10 is pressed, with openings for supply, marked 11a, and liquid drain, marked position 11b. Through the openings at the ends of this silicone part, the sensor is connected to a peristaltic pump through which the sample, standard and/or washing solution enters and exits. Figure 3 shows the assembled sensor with the positions corresponding to Figures 1 and 2. Position 12 indicates contacts for connecting the sensor to the instrument. The basic characteristics of the measuring electrodes are shown in table 1:

[image] [image]

Referentna elektroda je sa otvorenim tekućinskim spojem, a spoj uzorak - unutarnji elektrolit ostvaren je preko gela. Na taj način postignuta je stabilnost ostatnog tekućinskog potencijala i smanjena greška pri mjerenju. Unutarnji elektrolit je otopina KCl u koncentraciji 2 mol/L, a unutarnja elektroda je Ag/AgCl žica. Referentna elektroda spojena je na vanjski spremnik otopine KCl čime se osigurava stalni dotok elektrolita. The reference electrode is with an open liquid connection, and the connection between the sample and the internal electrolyte was achieved through the gel. In this way, the stability of the remaining liquid potential was achieved and the measurement error was reduced. The internal electrolyte is a KCl solution with a concentration of 2 mol/L, and the internal electrode is an Ag/AgCl wire. The reference electrode is connected to an external tank of KCl solution, which ensures a constant flow of electrolyte.

Preko kontakata, pozicija 12, senzor je povezan sa elektroničkim dijelom analizatora. U provedenim ispitivanjima u korelaciji sa drugim komercijalnim analizatorima, višestruki senzor pokazao je dobru korelaciju. Via contacts, position 12, the sensor is connected to the electronic part of the analyzer. In correlation tests with other commercial analyzers, the multiple sensor showed good correlation.

[image] [image]

Način primjene izuma Method of application of the invention

Višestruki senzor prvenstveno je namijenjen za određivanje koncentracije elektrolita u punoj krvi, serumu ili plazmi u humanoj medicini. Senzor se može koristiti u direktnom mjerenju elektrolita u spomenutim uzorcima kao analizator za elektrolite ili kao mjerni dio biokemijskog analizatora u kojim ase koristi u indirektnim mjerenjima kada se uzorak prethodno razrijeđuje. The multiple sensor is primarily intended for determining the concentration of electrolytes in whole blood, serum or plasma in human medicine. The sensor can be used in the direct measurement of electrolytes in the mentioned samples as an analyzer for electrolytes or as a measuring part of a biochemical analyzer in which ase is used in indirect measurements when the sample is previously diluted.

Claims (3)

1. Višestruki senzor za mjerenje koncentracije elektrolita u uzorcima pune krvi, seruma ili plazme karakteriziran time da je a) višestruki senzor izveden kao jedna cjelina sa mjernim elektrodama i referentnom elektrodom, b) izvedba kontakta između uzorka i elektroda sa dijelom od silikonske gume, (9), koji se može odvojiti od djela sa elektrodama, (1); c) izvedbu referentne elektrode sa gelom (5) za postizanje stabilnosti mjernog signala.1. A multiple sensor for measuring the concentration of electrolytes in whole blood, serum or plasma samples, characterized by the fact that a) multiple sensor made as a single unit with measuring electrodes and a reference electrode, b) making contact between the sample and the electrodes with a part made of silicone rubber, (9), which can be separated from the part with the electrodes, (1); c) execution of the reference electrode with gel (5) to achieve the stability of the measurement signal. 2. Višestruki senzor prema zahtjevu 1 izveden kao kompaktna cjelina karakteriziran time da: je dovod uzorka, standarda i otopine za ispiranje ostvaren pomoću kanalića, (10), izvedenog u polimernom materijalu tako da je potreban vrlo mali volumen uzorka,2. The multiple sensor according to claim 1, made as a compact unit, characterized by the fact that: the supply of the sample, standard and washing solution is achieved by means of a channel, (10), made of polymer material so that a very small volume of the sample is required, 3. Višestruki senzor prema zahtjevu 1 karakteriziran time da; a. je referentna elektroda, (3), integrirana u mjernu ćeliju, b. je referentna elektroda ispunjena gelom, {5), sa ciljem postizanja stabilnog mjernog signala.3. Multiple sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that; a. is the reference electrode, (3), integrated into the measuring cell, b. is a reference electrode filled with gel, {5), with the aim of achieving a stable measurement signal.
HR20030936A 2003-11-14 2003-11-14 Multiple sensor for simultaneous measurement (activation) of electrolytes concentration in serum, plasma and blood samples HRPK20030936B3 (en)

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