HRP20021001A2 - Device for controlling and measuring of inclination - Google Patents

Description

The field of technology

The invention relates to a device for controlling and measuring inclination (level) in which there is a liquid with a float, which functions on the principle of buoyancy, i.e. which is constantly kept in a vertical position by the force of buoyancy.

According to the International Patent Classification, the subject of the invention belongs to field G - physics, subfield - instruments, class G 01 - measurement, G 01 C - tilt measurement, or group G 01 C 9/00 - which includes devices for measuring tilt, or .

Technical problem

In construction and other craft activities, we daily encounter the need to measure or control the slope of a surface in relation to a vertical or horizontal axis. At the same time, the aim is to achieve the most accurate and fast measurement or control. The technical problem solved by this invention relates to the construction and manufacture of a device, i.e. spirit level, which will function on the principle of the buoyancy force acting on a body immersed in a liquid. For this purpose, a container with an engraved measuring scale is installed on the basic structure of the spirit level, in which there is a liquid with a float attached to the bottom of the container, which, due to the action of the buoyancy force, regardless of the position of the spirit level, always stands vertically and tends to emerge from the liquid. . In this way, this spirit level, in several directions, will precisely show whether a surface is inclined and by how much, in relation to the vertical or horizontal surface on which the spirit level is placed.

State of the art

Today, various versions of spirit levels or tilt control devices are known. They are mainly based on the action of air bubbles in the liquid. On the basic structure of the spirit level, usually in several places, transparent containers or tubes with liquid are installed. An air bubble floats on the upper level of the liquid, which moves to the left or right side of the marked middle of the tube. If the surface on which the spirit level is placed is in a horizontal position, the air bubble remains in the middle of the tube, and if this surface is inclined, the air bubble will move, left or right, in relation to the middle of the tube, which shows that the surface on which it is located spirit level, tilted to the right or left, i.e. not in a horizontal position. In the same way, it is determined whether a surface, on which the spirit level is placed, is vertical or inclined and in which direction.

Another way to determine the verticality of a surface is done using a plumb line hanging on a string, which works on the principle of gravity.

The essence of invention

The device for controlling and measuring inclination, according to this invention, under the common name of spirit level, consists of a basic construction with a built-in transparent container that is filled with liquid. In the liquid there is an empty float with a conical tip, which is attached to the bottom, or near the bottom of the side surface, of the container. The buoyancy force acts on the float, which keeps it in a vertical position at all times, with the conical tip upwards. The upper side of the container, towards which the conical tip of the float acts, has engraved lines at an angle of 90°, which show how inclined some surface is in relation to the surface on which the spirit level stands.

The spirit level based on the described principle can be used to control the inclination of vertical surfaces only or as a universal one, for controlling and measuring the inclination of vertical and horizontal surfaces, in which case the measuring scale is engraved in degrees.

Brief description of the drawing

Figure 1 shows the principle of gravity acting on a plumb line

Figure 2 shows the principle of the buoyancy force on a body immersed in a liquid and tied to the bottom of a container

Figure 3 shows a container with liquid, float and engraved markings and the way of viewing - a perspective view

Figure 4 shows the container from FIG. 3. - section

Figure 5 shows a spirit level with a built-in cup in the middle of the square profile with openings for viewing engraved markings - perspective view

Figure 6 shows a spirit level with a built-in container in the end part of the square profile - a perspective view

Figure 7 shows a spirit level with a built-in container in the middle part of the "L" profile - a perspective view

Figure 8 shows a spirit level with a built-in vertical container on a flat surface with which the horizontal slope can also be determined - perspective view

Figure 9 shows a spirit level with a triangular container with a curved hypotenuse - cross section

Figure 10 shows the spirit level from FIG. 9. on whose bowl are engraved marks in degrees for control and measurement of vertical and horizontal slopes - perspective view

Figure 11 shows a spirit level with a built-in container from FIG. 10 - front view

Figure 12 shows the spirit level from FIG. 11. - side view - section

Figure 13 shows the spirit level with handle and built-in container from Fig. 10. - front view

A detailed description of at least one way of realizing the invention

Sl. 1, shows the working principle of the plumb line. The body of the plumb line 1 hangs freely on the thread 2 that is suspended at point A. The force of gravity acts on the plumb line, which keeps the body of the plumb line in a vertical position, towards point B, and directs it towards the center of the earth S. If the thread 2 with the body of the plumb line 1 is placed against some vertical plane, they will show the deviation or inclination of that plane in relation to thread 2 and plumb line 1. The body of the plumb line, due to its greater weight, is usually made of solid material.

On Fig. 2nd illustration of the principle of the buoyancy force on a body 3 floating in a container 4 filled with liquid 5. In this case, a force acts on the body 3, whose specific weight is less than the specific weight of the liquid and which is tied to the bottom of the container via thread 2 buoyancy, which has the opposite direction of action than gravity and which constantly keeps body 3 in a vertical position. The described principle of the action of the buoyancy force on a body swimming in a liquid was used to create different versions of spirit levels, i.e. devices for controlling and measuring the inclination of vertical and horizontal surfaces.

On Fig. 3 shows the basic principle of using buoyancy force for spirit level. In order for the force from the center of the earth, or the so-called buoyancy force, could be usefully used to determine the vertical and horizontal direction, necessary in construction, as shown in this invention, it is necessary to make a container with liquid and a float, shown in Fig. 3 and 4, which, as an insert, will be installed on various supports, such as flat and profiled slats, etc. The housing of the container 6 is made entirely or partially of transparent material of square shape, of appropriate dimensions, in which there is a closed liquid 7, together with the float 11. The float has the form of a closed empty cylinder, which is attached to the center of the bottom of the container 8 via a flexible thread 10 and stands permanently in a vertical position under the action of buoyancy. Lines 12 are engraved on the upper side of the vessel 6, which cross each other at 90° in the center of the vessel housing. The lines 12 are used to read the deviation of the sides of the dishes, from the direction of the thread 10, that is, the top of the float 11a, through which the direction of the buoyancy force passes. In this way, the top of the float 11a shows whether, and on which side, the lateral sides 6 are inclined in relation to the intersection of the line 12.

On Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the installation of the basic version of the container from Fig. 3. and 4., into slats of square and "L" profile, which enable simpler and more precise determination of the direction or slope.

On Fig. 5. we see an inserted container 6 in the central part of the hollow square tube 13, on which there are side openings for viewing the part of the container with markings 12, when reading the vertical direction.

Sl. 6 shows an embodiment with a container 6 installed at the end or top of the square tube 14, for determining the vertical direction.

On Fig. 7. we see one of the possibilities to install the container 6 on the inside of the angular "L" profile 15, also to determine the vertical direction.

With container 6, as shown by one of the possible examples in Fig. 8., the horizontal direction, or directions, can also be successfully determined in such a way that the container 6, square in shape, is installed in the housing 16, placed at an angle of 90° on the support plate 16a.

The liquid container can be made with sides in the form of a circular section, as shown in FIG. 9 and 10. Longitudinal and transverse lines 18 with numerical markings 19, which can be in degrees or millimeters, are engraved on the arched part of the vessel 17. In the example on SI. 10. degrees from 0 to 90° are marked. The intersection of the longitudinal and transverse lines is marked with a circle 20 and indicates the end position of the float 11, which is attached to the side 17a. In this way, the float 11 shows the completely vertical or completely horizontal position of the surface, on which the spirit level with such a container rests. Each movement of the tip of the float from the circle shows and measures the slope of the surface in relation to the vertical or horizontal surface on which the spirit level is placed.

The container with liquid in the form of a circular section can be installed in different shapes of profiles and housings, and thus we get spirit levels for simultaneous control and measurement of the inclination of vertical and horizontal surfaces.

Engraved lines 12 and 18 can, for the sake of easier reading, extend in one part to the sides of containers 6 and 17.

On Fig. 11 and 12 shows the installation of a container with a circular section in a square profile 21, which can have an extension 22 on the lower side, as a tipping stabilizer when determining horizontal slopes or serves as a tooth when controlling and measuring vertical slopes.

On Fig. 13 shows the version of the spirit level with a handle 24 in which a vessel in the form of a circular section 17 is built in. The handle is attached to a flat slat 23 of arbitrary length and width, which is very suitable for controlling the slope of surfaces when installing floor coverings. The advantage of the device for controlling and measuring the inclination, i.e. spirit level, according to this invention, in relation to the most realistic or accurate way of correctly determining the vertical direction by means of a plumb bob, is mostly in the fact that the liquid also has the property of stabilizing or calming the float faster, when determining the direction tilt.

Application of the invention

The performance of the device for controlling and measuring the inclination, or level, based on the principle of buoyancy force in the described manner enables a practical and useful device, which can be produced economically and in several ways and which includes important improvements and innovations compared to previously known devices of this type, especially there where the control and measurement of the slope of a surface does not require moving or adjusting the spirit level to a new position.

Due to the very simple and practical performance, as well as the precision of control and measurement, the invention will find great use both in construction and in various other craft activities.

Claims (4)

1. The device for controlling and measuring the slope, which works on the principle of buoyancy, characterized by the fact that it consists of a closed container (6) in the shape of a cube or a closed container (17) in the shape of a circular section, which are filled with a liquid in which, under due to the buoyancy force, floats float (11); that the float in the container (6) is attached to the bottom of the container (8) via a flexible thread (10); that the float in the container (17) is tied from the bottom to the side of the container (17a); gives the upper part of the float (11) in the form of a cone with a spike (11a) always facing upwards; that lines (12) are engraved on the upper side of the bowl (6) at a mutual angle of 90°, that longitudinal and horizontal lines (18) and numerical markings (19) are engraved on the side of the bowl (17), which is made in the shape of an arch ) in degrees or millimeters; that vessels (6) or (17), as an insert, are installed, in or on, supports in the form of a flat or profiled batten, of different shapes and sizes, which, like spirit levels, are used to control and measure the slope of surfaces in various activities. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (6) and the container (17), at least on the part with the engraved markings, are transparent, so that the upper part of the float (11) with the spike (11a) can be seen and monitor its deviation from the vertical or horizontal position, i.e. control and measure the slope of the surface on which the spirit level is placed. 3. Device, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the float (11) is in the form of an empty closed cylinder, with a conical top, which is permanently in a vertical position with the spike (11a) at the intersection of the marked lines (12) and (18), when there is no slope, i.e. outside the intersection of the marked lines, if the surface on which the level is placed deviates from the vertical or horizontal position. 4. Device according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that the lines (12) on the square containers (6) intersect at an angle of 90° in the very center of the square; that all lines (18) on the container (17) intersect at 90° with the beginning and end in the circle (20); that the lines of both vessels, for the sake of easier reading, extend in one part to the sides of the vessels.