HK40081860A - Multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloids as functional additives for latex coating - Google Patents

Description

Multi-stage antimicrobial polymer colloids as functional additives for latex coatings

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application claims U.S. provisional patent application No, filed on 13/9/2021.

63/243,204.

Technical Field

The disclosure of the present application relates to antimicrobial treatments and in particular to antimicrobial colloidal particles useful as additives for latex coatings, paints and the like.

Background

Airborne droplets and aerosols rapidly spread infectious diseases and are responsible for outbreaks and epidemics in large communities. Droplets and aerosols also contaminate various surfaces with infectious microorganisms that can survive days or weeks, thereby being inadvertently transmitted to susceptible hosts through direct contact or particle resuspension. It is well known that, for example, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus) (MRSA), multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (p.aeruginosa), imipenem-resistant acinetobacter and vancomycin-resistant enterococci persist and spread in such environments as infectious and nursing homes.

Manual cleaning with approved disinfectants is the current standard of practice in most countries, however this approach requires constant intensive supervision and education by environmental management service personnel to remain effective. Disadvantages of this approach have been demonstrated in detail by prior monitoring studies which show that even with rigorous room cleaning in a hospital, less than half of the microbial samples are cleaned. Highly aggressive sterilization methods also exist in the art, such as X-ray enhanced electrostatic fields, cold plasma treatment, microwaves, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ion emission techniques, however, these techniques also suffer from problems associated with material compatibility (e.g., surface damage and corrosion), the appearance of bacterial and microbial resistance and the persistence of potentially harmful residues. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, there is a need for a multistage antibacterial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex paints, which enhances a long-lasting antibacterial function for various surfaces.

Disclosure of Invention

The multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex paints is a latex-based paint in which multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles are incorporated to provide antimicrobial characteristics. Each of the multi-stage antimicrobial polymer colloidal particles includes a polymer scaffold and at least one antimicrobial polymer supported on the polymer scaffold such that the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form hollow colloidal particles. As a non-limiting example, the polymer scaffold can be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). As other non-limiting examples, the at least one antimicrobial polymer may be a combination of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Each of the multistage antimicrobial polymeric colloid particles may further include an antimicrobial core within the hollow colloid particle. The core may be made from any suitable type of antimicrobial agent or agents, such as, but not limited to, antimicrobial metals, antimicrobial metal ions, antimicrobial metal oxides, antimicrobial chemicals, antimicrobial phytochemicals of plant origin, silver compounds, silver salts, silver oxides, copper compounds, copper salts, copper oxides, disinfectants, germicidal short chain polymers, germicidal short chain oligomers, ionic liquid compounds, alcohols, peroxyacetic acid, essential oils, and combinations thereof.

Multistage antimicrobial polymer colloids as functional additives for latex paints are manufactured by mixing multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles into a latex varnish. The multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid comprises multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles in water, and as a non-limiting example, the latex varnish may be an emulsion of an acrylate-urethane prepolymer in water.

The antimicrobial plastic coating may be formed from: a plastic substrate sheet having a primer coating applied thereon and a topcoat coating applied over the primer coating. The primer coat and the topcoat coat are each formed from a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings. The antimicrobial plastic film can be applied to a variety of different materials, such as wood, plastic, and the like.

These and other features of the present subject matter will become apparent upon further reading of the following specification.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a micrograph of stable Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloidal particles with hollow centers after two years of storage at room temperature.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a plastic card overlay made with a multi-stage antimicrobial polymer (MAP) gel and latex coating.

Fig. 3A is a scanning electron microscope image at 6,000x in topographical image mode of a topcoat coating of a plastic card overlay made with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and latex coating.

FIG. 3B is a scanning electron microscope image at 6,000X of the topcoat coating of the plastic card overlay of FIG. 3A in composition contrast image mode.

Fig. 4 is a graph showing the optical transmission measured for plastic card coverings made with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and latex coating.

Fig. 5A shows an attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) spectrum of a plastic card-coated primer coating made with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and a latex coating.

Fig. 5B shows an attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectrum of a topcoat coating of plastic card overlaminates made with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and a latex coating.

Fig. 6 shows the results of water contact angle measurements of top coat coatings of plastic card overlaminates made with a multi-stage antimicrobial polymer (MAP) colloid and a latex coating.

Fig. 7 compares the measured thickness of the plastic card overlaminate before cleaning (shown as "pristine" in fig. 7) and after cleaning (shown as "wiped" in fig. 7).

Fig. 8A is a graph showing Colony Forming Units (CFU) of escherichia coli (e.coli) recovered from blank card plastic films, plastic films coated with MAP colloid particles, and plastic films coated with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and latex paint.

Fig. 8B is a graph showing Colony Forming Units (CFU) of staphylococcus aureus recovered from blank card plastic coatings, plastic coatings coated with MAP colloidal particles, and plastic coatings coated with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and latex paint.

Fig. 8C is a graph showing Plaque Forming Units (PFUs) of MS2 phage recovered from blank card plastic coatings, plastic coatings coated with MAP colloidal particles, and plastic coatings coated with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and latex paint.

FIG. 8D is a graph showing Plaque Forming Units (PFU) of phi-6 phage recovered from blank card plastic coatings, plastic coatings coated with MAP colloid particles, and plastic coatings coated with a Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloid and latex paint.

Like reference numerals designate corresponding features throughout the drawings.

Detailed Description

The multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex paints is a latex-based paint in which multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles are combined to provide antimicrobial characteristics. Each Multistage Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP) colloidal particle includes a polymer scaffold and at least one antimicrobial polymer supported on the polymer scaffold such that the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form a hollow colloidal particle. As a non-limiting example, the polymer scaffold can be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). As other non-limiting examples, the at least one antimicrobial polymer may be a combination of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Each of the multistage antimicrobial polymeric colloid particles may further include an antimicrobial core within the hollow colloid particle. The core may be made from any suitable type of antimicrobial agent or agents, such as, but not limited to, antimicrobial metals, antimicrobial metal ions, antimicrobial metal oxides, antimicrobial chemicals, antimicrobial phytochemicals of plant origin, silver compounds, silver salts, silver oxides, copper compounds, copper salts, copper oxides, disinfectants, germicidal short chain polymers, germicidal short chain oligomers, ionic liquid compounds, alcohols, peroxyacetic acid, essential oils, and combinations thereof. By way of non-limiting example, the diameter of the MAP colloidal particles may be about 600nm. Fig. 1 is a micrograph of stable MAP colloidal particles with hollow centers after two years of storage at room temperature.

Latexes are stable emulsions of polymer particles in water, and include natural and synthetic latexes having a wide range of uses such as paints and coatings. To make a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex paints, MAP colloid in water was added to latex varnish. The latex varnish comprises an emulsion of an acrylate-urethane prepolymer in water. Rapid stirring was used to mix the MAP colloid with the latex varnish. During the test, a mixture of liquid multi-stage antimicrobial polymer colloids as functional additives for latex coatings was used as both a primer coating and a topcoat coating. The MAP colloid in this experimental example contained 4.17w/w% PVA (Mw 30,000 to 70,000), 1.33w/w% PEI (Mn 10,000), 0.33w/w% PHMB (Mw 2,300) and 94.17w/w% Distilled Deionized (DDI) water. The latex varnish in this experimental example contained an emulsion of an acrylate-urethane prepolymer in water at a content of 50w/w%, and the emulsion was transparent with low gloss.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a plastic card overlay made with a multi-stage antimicrobial polymer (MAP) gel and latex coating. In the experiments, the plastic sheet 14 was used as a substrate for receiving the primer coating 12 and the topcoat coating 10. In the experiment, the plastic sheet 14 was formed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and had a thickness of 60 μm. The thickness of the primer coating 12 is 10 μm and the primer coating 12 is coated on the plastic sheet 14. The thickness of the top coat 10 is 5 μm and the top coat 10 is applied over the primer coat 12. In the liquid form of the coating, the primer coating 12 is 10 volume percent MAP colloidal additive and 90 volume percent acrylic urethane latex, and the topcoat coating 14 is 80 to 95 volume percent MAP colloidal additive and 20 to 5 volume percent acrylic urethane latex.

To make a plastic card overlay, the surface of the plastic sheet 14 is cleaned of dirt and dust, and the primer coating 12 is applied to the PVC-PVAc plastic sheet 14 using a paint roller. The roller traces an "S" path on the sheet 14 and carefully spreads the paint over the surface with the roller and then evenly spreads the paint gently across the surface. When the primer coating 12 is dry to the touch, the topcoat coating 10 is applied in a similar manner using a roller. Paint defects are removed by smoothing the surface using a wet paint roller. At 16m ² The primer is applied to the plastic sheet 14 and allowed to dry for about 30 minutes. At 30m ² finish/L applied and after about 7 minutes the finish coat 10 was smoothed using a wet clean paint roller three times to ensure removal of any defects.

The adhesion of the card plastic overlay was tested according to the tape method adhesion test method of ISO2409 and ASTM D3359 standards. The coated card plastic overlay was cut into a grid pattern with a 2mm open cutter and the cut coating was removed using tape. The adhesion to tape tear of 7 samples was evaluated according to the above criteria, and the results are shown in table 1 below. The results show that the MAP colloidal latex primer coating and the top coat coating have excellent adhesion strength, with 7 tests all being 5B grades. ASTM D3359 category 5B represents no film release, which is the highest level of coating adhesion.

Table 1: adhesion (tape method) test results

Sample numbering	ASTM D3359 grade
		1	5B
2	5B
		3	5B
4	5B
		5	5B
6	5B
		7	5B

Table 2 below summarizes the bactericidal activity of topcoat coatings of different formulations in MAP colloid and latex paints against E.coli and S.aureus, as well as the antibacterial activity against Phi-6 phage virus particles.

Table 2: finishing coat formulation, aesthetics and antimicrobial activity

In table 2, the following aesthetic evaluation ratings were used: "A" represents a uniform, clear and transparent coating and "B" represents per 10cm ² Has a defect, and "C" represents every 10cm ² With more than one defect, with each grade representing the evaluation of two samples. The antimicrobial reduction is based on a 10 minute contact kill test and is the average of three samples. With respect to aesthetics, the samples were smoothed three times every 7 minutes to improve coating coverage and remove specks. Both the transparent coated sheet and the coated sheet including a magnetic stripe (applied to a credit card) were subjected to smoothing processing.

Table 3 below represents the measured thickness of each layer in the experimental samples. The total thickness of the coating (primer coating and top coat together) was 14.96 ± 1.48 μm based on 80 measurements on 8 coated overlay films, with a standard deviation in accordance with the roughness range of 1.4 μm to 2.2 μm recommended in the card overlay industry. The primer coating accounted for 10.70 μm and the topcoat coating was 4.26 μm.

Table 3: thickness measurement

Flatness was determined by placing the coated overlay film on a flat table and measuring the gap between the highest point of the edge and the mesa. All sheets were not significantly warped on their edges. With an accuracy of 0.5mm, the measurement gap of three magnetic stripe coated sheets is less than 0.1mm, and the measurement gap of 8 transparent coated sheets is also less than 0.1mm.

In thatTM3030 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) the topcoat coating on the card plastic overlay was observed as shown in fig. 3A and 3B. Fig. 3A shows an image of a topography contrast pattern, showing MAP colloids on the surface. The colloidal particles were further confirmed by the composition comparison chart shown in fig. 3B. Scanning electron microscopy uses a 15kV electron beam (N), charge-up reduction (charge-up reduction) mode for a non-conducting surface (L), with a distance (D) from the measuring surface to the detector of 4.4mm. The average width (+ -s.d.) of the MAP colloid particles in the topcoat coating was measured to be 1328 ± 353nm, and the average height (+ -s.d.) was 1084 ± 759nm. Micelle width was measured using ImageJ software applied to SEM images. Micelle height was measured from the SEM image with 3D viewer software. In the 3D viewer software, the height is calculated using the depth measured by the flat surface correction.

The optical transmission or transparency was determined by a Varioscan spectrophotometer according to ISO/IEC 10373-1 (E) Standard, section "5.10 opacity". As shown in fig. 4, the measurement results showed that the plastic card overlay having two layers of the primer coat and the topcoat coat had a visible light transmittance (i.e., 400nm to 800 nm) of more than 95%, and thus was identified as "optically transparent". In fig. 4, the results are normalized to a blank card plastic overlay. The dashed line at 95% transmission is the critical level for "optical transparency" in the display industry.

Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was used to characterize the primer and topcoat coatings on card plastic overlaminates. Fig. 5A shows spectra collected at four separate locations on the surface of the primer coating. The primer coating was 10 microns thick and consisted primarily of a polyacrylic-urethane latex (98 w/w%). Thus, the signal from the PVA component of the MAP colloid was weak, and was only observed at 1146cm ^-1 (C-N) and 1730cm ^-1 Signal belonging to polyurethane at (C = O). In FIG. 5B, from 5 microns thickThe spectrum obtained for the top coat appeared at 3300cm ^-1 The signal attributed to PVA-OH constituting 50w/w% of the layer, where PEI and PHMB signals respectively appeared at 1650cm ^-1 And 1550cm ^-1 To (3). At 1730cm ^-1 The weak signal of (b) is of polyurethane in the top coat.

Using a BiolinMade ofTheta Auto 4 optical tensiometer measures water contact angle. 2 μ L of deionized distilled water was dropped onto the sample surface and imaged at 14FPS for 10 seconds and processed by control software (on board software). The results are shown in fig. 6, and the surface tension is calculated from the dynamic contact angle using the young laplace model. For the blank card plastic cover film sample, the water contact angle (in °) was found to be 103.07 ± 2.55, and the surface energy was found to be 68.07 ± 2.56mN/m. For latex paint coatings, the measured contact angle (in °) was 75.61 ± 2.77 and the surface energy was 113.33 ± 14.39mN/m. For MAP colloid and latex coatings, the measured water contact angle (in degrees) was 42.53 + -1.48 and the surface energy was 140.12 + -16.43 mN/m. Each measurement yielded over 125 images and two sets of data were used for each sample, the measurements being performed at a constant temperature of 22.5 ℃.

The wash durability test was performed according to ASTM D4828 and D3450. A slightly wet Scotch-The sponge quickly wipes 100 cycles. After testing, inspection showed that the overall appearance remained unchanged with a slight scratch along one edge. Use byMade ofThe micrometer measures the thickness at 10 test points for each sample. As shown in fig. 7, the thickness remains the same. In fig. 7, the thickness results are expressed as the net thickness of the coating layer excluding the thickness of the plastic base sheet. However, the roughness as determined by s.d. increased from 1.48 μm to 2.61 μm; the measured thicknesses of the primer coating and the topcoat coating before and after the wash durability test were 14.96. + -. 1.48. Mu.m and 14.82. + -. 2.61. Mu.m, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that the primer coating and the top coat coating are wash resistant.

Regarding the thermal stability, the coated card plastic coating was subjected to a heat resistance test for 72 hours at 50 ℃, 95% r.h. according to ISO 10373-1. After the test, no visual change in appearance was observed, and no delamination of the coating was observed. Some samples exhibited slight warping within the tolerance of the ISO standard. The results confirm that the primer coating and the topcoat coating are thermally stable for the intended use. Table 4 below shows the results of the ISO10373-1 test. In table 4, the average deflection was calculated from four edges over three replicates. The maximum deflection is the average of the maximum warpage. "ND" means "not detected".

Table 4: ISO10373-1 test of coated card plastics coating

The coated plastic film of the card was tested for its antibacterial properties against gram-positive S.aureus and gram-negative E.coli, MS2 bacteriophage as a surrogate for non-enveloped viruses and phi-6, which is representative of enveloped viruses. Test use 10 ⁶ CFU bacteria and PFU bacteriophages were contacted with 25.4mm by 25.4mm square coupons of coated cardboard plastic film. 3% at pH 7.0 after 10 minutes of contact under conditions of room temperature (20 ℃) and humidity (about 60%80. D/E neutralization broth of 3% saponin and 3% lecithin, resuspension of the samples, then inoculation in tryptone soy agar for culture and counting. ByAs can be seen in fig. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D, the survival rates of e.coli, s.aureus and phi-6 phages were reduced by 99.9% and the surviving MS2 phages were reduced by 99.8% on card coatings coated with MAP colloid and latex paint (indicated as "MAP 1-coatings" in fig. 8A to 8D) compared to blank card plastic coatings (indicated as "blank control-coatings" in fig. 8A to 8D). The blank control overlay used in the test has been confirmed to have no bactericidal or virucidal activity.

Plastic overlaminates are widely used for interior and exterior decoration of articles such as credit cards. Thermal lamination is a common method for fixing and strengthening plastic coatings on plastic, wood and metal surfaces. The coated card plastic overlay was heat laminated to the wood pulp paper sample as detailed in table 5 below. And the laminated samples were tested using the microbiome listed in table 6 below, at room temperature and 60% r.h. contact for 10 minutes. Blank card plastic overlay was used as a negative control. The results in table 7 below show that the MAP colloid and latex coating retained antibacterial and viral activity. Table 7 shows the data of three assays, in which the results are normalized to a negative control (plain card plastic overlay). Coli and P.aeruginosa were purchased from Carolina Biological SupplyStaphylococcus aureus is provided by department of Vitaceae, university of hong Kong science and technology.

Table 5: lamination process

Table 6: microorganism group

Table 7: sterilization and virucidal results for laminated films as compared to coated card plastic films (not laminated)

In addition, test cards were prepared by laminating the coated card plastic overlaminate on a plastic card core by an industrial lamination process and tested for their antimicrobial properties against the microbiome listed in table 6 above. The test was performed on 25.4mm by 25.4mm square test pieces of test card samples under room conditions at room temperature and 60% R.H. contact for 10 minutes. The test conditions are in accordance with European Standard EN 13727 and Table 8 below shows that the fungicidal properties meet the requirements of EN 13727, ISO 22196, ASTM E3031, JIS L-1902, JIS L2002 and GB-21551.2-2020. For the MS2 and phi-6 phages, the virucidal activity was 99.7%. The test results were averaged over three replicates and the assay results were normalized to a negative control (pure latex coated card plastic). Note that: (a): ISO 22196 specifies "active kill" as a reduction of not less than 2log10 compared to a control. (b): ASTM E3031 specifies "sterilization" as "the reduction in the test group relative to the control group, not less than the natural reduction in the control group". (+)/(-): gram positive or negative.

Table 8: sterilization and virucidal results for laminated test cards

Further, the coated card plastic overlay was laminated to the plastic core by an industrial lamination process to prepare test cards, which were then subjected to accelerated aging at 55 ℃ and 75% r.h. for 38 days, which is equivalent to aging at room temperature for 2.7 years according to "chinese sterilization specification 2002", and is equivalent to aging at room temperature for 1 year according to "american ASTM F1980 standard". ASTM F1980 is widely recommended for use with sterile surfaces and systems. Aging factor Q ₁₀ Usually, it is assumed to be 2.0 (which is related to the activation energy Ea during aging). Thus, the Accelerated Aging Factor (AAF) at 55 ℃ was 9.84, and 38 days under this condition corresponded to 1 year at room temperature (see table 9 below). As shown in Table 10 below, the test cards were used to protect virus particlesIt maintained more than 2.2 log reduction (99.4% reduction in plaque units) and for bacteria, the test cards maintained greater than 99.0% reduction in colony units.

Table 9: standard of accelerated aging

* : temperatures above 60 ℃ are not recommended because of the high probability of undergoing nonlinear changes in many polymer systems. #: t is a unit of _AA = accelerated aging temperature; t is _RT = ambient temperature; q ₁₀ = temperature increase or decrease of aging factor of 10 ℃. AAF: an accelerated aging factor; RH%: relative humidity; RT: indoor temperature; using Q ₁₀ An arrhenius equation equal to 2 is a common way to calculate the aging factor. ASTM F1980-16 is specifically designed for sterile barrier systems and packaging materials (i.e., metals, plastics, and other types of coating materials).

Table 10: antimicrobial Properties of test cards after accelerated ageing (1 year)

For table 10 above, iso 22196 specifies "active kill" as "not less than a 2log10 reduction compared to the control". All results were normalized with negative controls.

It should be understood that the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but includes any and all embodiments within the general language of the following claims as embodied by the embodiments described herein, or as illustrated in the above figures or description sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the claimed subject matter.

Claims (16)

1. A multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings, comprising a latex coating having multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles incorporated therein, wherein the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles each comprise:

a polymer scaffold; and

at least one antimicrobial polymer supported on the polymer scaffold,

wherein the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form hollow colloidal particles.

2. The multi-stage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings according to claim 1, wherein the polymer scaffold comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

3. The multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings according to claim 1, wherein said at least one antimicrobial polymer comprises Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB).

4. The multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid for latex coatings of claim 1, wherein each of the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles further comprises an antimicrobial core within the hollow colloid particle.

5. The multi-stage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex paints as claimed in claim 4, wherein the antimicrobial core comprises an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of: antimicrobial metals, antimicrobial metal ions, antimicrobial metal oxides, antimicrobial chemicals, antimicrobial phytochemicals of plant origin, silver compounds, silver salts, silver oxides, copper compounds, copper salts, copper oxides, disinfectants, germicidal short-chain polymers, germicidal short-chain oligomers, ionic liquid compounds, alcohols, peroxyacetic acid, essential oils, and combinations thereof.

6. A method of manufacturing a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings, comprising the step of mixing a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid into a latex varnish, wherein the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid comprises multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles in water, and wherein the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles each comprise:

a polymer scaffold; and

at least one antimicrobial polymer supported on the polymer scaffold,

wherein the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form hollow colloidal particles.

7. The method of making a multi-stage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings according to claim 6, wherein the latex varnish comprises an emulsion of an acrylate-urethane prepolymer in water.

8. The method of making a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings according to claim 6, wherein said polymer scaffold comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

9. The method of making a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings according to claim 6, wherein said at least one antimicrobial polymer comprises Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB).

10. The method of making a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex coatings of claim 6, wherein each of the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles further comprises an antimicrobial core within the hollow colloid particle.

11. The method of making a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for latex paints as claimed in claim 10, wherein the antimicrobial core comprises an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of: antimicrobial metals, antimicrobial metal ions, antimicrobial metal oxides, antimicrobial chemicals, antimicrobial phytochemicals of plant origin, silver compounds, silver salts, silver oxides, copper compounds, copper salts, copper oxides, disinfectants, germicidal short chain polymers, germicidal short chain oligomers, ionic liquid compounds, alcohols, peroxyacetic acid, essential oils, and combinations thereof.

12. An antimicrobial plastic film comprising:

a plastic base sheet;

a primer coating applied on the plastic base sheet; and

a top coat layer applied over the primer coat layer, wherein the primer coat layer and the top coat layer each comprise a multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid as a functional additive for a latex coating, the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid comprising a latex coating having multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles incorporated therein, wherein the multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles each comprise:

a polymer scaffold; and

at least one antimicrobial polymer supported on the polymer scaffold,

wherein the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form hollow colloidal particles.

13. The antimicrobial plastic film of claim 12, wherein the polymer scaffold comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

14. The antimicrobial plastic film of claim 12, wherein the at least one antimicrobial polymer comprises Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB).

15. The antimicrobial plastic film of claim 12 wherein each of said multistage antimicrobial polymer colloid particles further comprises an antimicrobial core within said hollow colloid particle.

16. The antimicrobial plastic film of claim 15 wherein the antimicrobial core comprises an antimicrobial agent selected from the group consisting of: antimicrobial metals, antimicrobial metal ions, antimicrobial metal oxides, antimicrobial chemicals, antimicrobial phytochemicals of plant origin, silver compounds, silver salts, silver oxides, copper compounds, copper salts, copper oxides, disinfectants, germicidal short-chain polymers, germicidal short-chain oligomers, ionic liquid compounds, alcohols, peroxyacetic acid, essential oils, and combinations thereof.