HK40008664A - Halogen-free solid flame retardant mixture and use thereof - Google Patents

Description

Halogen-free solid flame retardant mixture and application thereof

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The application is a divisional application of an invention patent application with the priority date of 2014-1-29, the application date of 2015-1-19, the application number of 201580006135.1 and the invented name of "halogen-free solid flame retardant mixture and application thereof".

Background

Mixtures of different types of flame retardants are used for flame-retardant finishing of polymers. What is needed here is that in a typical process for the preparation of polymers, the components to be added (i.e. the flame retardant) have good flowability and free-flowing properties so that they can be homogeneously distributed in the polymer and therefore do not adversely affect its properties.

Flowability is affected by particle properties such as particle size, particle size distribution, particle surface characteristics, water content or moisture, and different particle shapes. Depending on the particle size or frequency of the different sized particles, they roll over each other with varying ease. Round particles with a regular surface should flow more easily than particles with an irregular morphology. Flow properties vary depending on chemical surface, moisture or electrostatic properties.

If powders with poor flow properties are processed, irregular metering is usually carried out, thus leading to an inhomogeneous composition and distribution in the polymer, resulting in an inadequate flame-retardant effect of the molded article to the molded article.

According to the prior art, the flowability can be increased by mixing in separating agents and foreign substances. Klein in Seifen-The addition of calcium stearate and fumed silica in amounts of 5,000 to 10,000ppm is described in Fette-Wachse 94(1968), 849 as a solution to the stated object. The silicate-containing auxiliaries proposed in this document for improving the free-flowing properties are extremely finely divided. It can be inhaled and is suspected of causing lung disease.

WO 2003/035736a1 describes melamine cyanurate aggregates held together by a binder. The aim of this document is to improve the uniform distribution of the aggregates by improving the free-flow properties. The term is also referred to as the flowability of the bulk material (powder, agglomerate, granule, etc.). Wherein by adding 1,000ppm to 10 wt% of an organic auxiliary agent, corresponding particles of a specific size bind into larger aggregates and thus increase the free flow. The organic auxiliaries are typically organic compounds, such as polymers or copolymers based on vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate and vinylcaprolactam, epoxides, urethanes, acrylates, esters, amides, stearates, olefins, cellulose derivatives or mixtures thereof. The above-mentioned aggregates can be prepared in particular by: the particles are pre-dispersed in an aqueous suspension and a water-soluble adjuvant is added.

EP-1522551A 1 describes phosphorus-containing flame retardant agglomerates having a relatively low bulk density, which agglomerates comprise aggregates and/or primary particles of phosphinates and/or diphosphinates and/or polymers thereof and are held together by means of auxiliaries. The agglomerates may be obtained by spray granulation.

In order to distribute the flame retardant agglomerates as homogeneously as possible in the polymer, a particularly good flow behavior of the bulk material is aimed at. This is achieved by using the above-mentioned flame retardant agglomerates having a lower bulk density but a lower dusting tendency. The low dusting tendency is important, since owing to the dusting tendency, the metering in the extruder during the incorporation into the polymer can be uneven, thus leading to an uneven distribution of the flame retardant in the polymer. This in turn is detrimental to the flame-retardant effect, due to the resulting insufficient local dosage.

EP-1522551A 1 relates only to free-flowing properties or an increase in the flowability, but not to an improvement in the homogeneity of the free-flowing properties.

JP-2003138264A1 and JP-2003138265A1 describe that good flowability of halogen-containing flame retardants is achieved by using particularly large particles (0.8 to 2 mm).

In JP-2005171206A1, flame-retardant mixtures with good free-flowing properties are obtained by combining finely divided basic metal oxide particles and finely divided, fibrous or amorphous inorganic particles in the form of flakes with inorganic flame retardants.

WO-2010075087A1 describes free-flowing flame retardant compositions consisting of liquid phosphorus-containing flame retardants, in which the flame retardant is adsorbed on a carrier.

Flame-retardant polymer molding materials are prepared in particular by introducing flame-retardant components into the polymer melt at temperatures of from 250 to 310 ℃ for example via the side entry of a twin-screw extruder. Glass fibers (if desired) are added through the second side inlet. The resulting homogenized polymer strand was removed, cooled in a water bath, and then pelletized.

When the free-flow of the flame-retardant component is not uniform, overfilling of the filling hopper or under-dosing in the event of insufficient product replenishment from the storage silo may sometimes occur. Both of which are undesirable production disturbances. Whereby chemical reagents may spill into the operating environment. It is also possible to cause fluctuating product compositions in the flame-retardant polymer molding material. Insufficient dosage means insufficient flame retardancy of the polymer molding material.

Disclosure of Invention

The object on which the present invention is based was therefore to provide flame retardant mixtures having uniform free-flowing properties.

It is a further object of the present invention to avoid process disturbances in the preparation of flame-retardant polymer molding materials.

The flame retardant mixture according to the invention does not contain a binder that holds the powder particles together to form larger aggregates. The adhesive will only reduce the amount of active material (i.e., flame retardant) by the optional burnable aid and thus reduce the effectiveness of the flame retardant.

It is a further object of the present invention to dispense with the use of water-soluble organic auxiliaries for improving the free-flow properties, without likewise increasing the particle size of the flame retardant particles.

It has surprisingly been found that the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention has a uniform free-flowing property and at the same time achieves a good flame-retardant effect.

The invention therefore relates to halogen-free flame retardant mixtures comprising from 1 to 99% by weight of component a and from 1 to 99% by weight of component B, wherein component a comprises from 85 to 99.995% by weight of solid diethylphosphinates of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing base and from 0.005 to 15% by weight of a non-combustible additive, and component B is aluminum phosphite.

It is particularly preferred that the halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprises from 20 to 80% by weight of component A and from 20 to 80% by weight of component B.

Preferably, component A of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprises 92 to 99.9% by weight of solid aluminium diethylphosphinate and 0.5 to 8% by weight of non-combustible additives.

Preferably, the additive is a dialkylphosphinic salt of the formula (IV)

Wherein R is¹And R²Identical or different and independently of one another, represents ethyl, butyl, hexyl and/or octyl, and M represents Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen-containing base, with the proviso that R is¹And R²Not simultaneously represents an ethyl group; and/or the additive is a sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, nitrate, chloride, sulfite and/or acetate, and the sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, nitrate, chloride, sulfite and/or acetate is a compound having an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a cation of the third main group of the periodic table of the elements, a cation of the subgroup, and/or a protonated nitrogen-containing base.

Preferably, the dialkylphosphinic salts of the formula (IV) are ethyl-butylphosphinate, butyl-butylphosphinate, ethyl-hexylphosphinate, butyl-hexylphosphinate and/or hexyl-hexylphosphinate.

Preferably, the cation is a cation of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na and/or K.

Preferably, the protonated nitrogen-containing base is ammonia, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, and/or a quaternary amine.

Preferably, the sulfate is sodium sulfate, sodium aluminum sulfate, alunite, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, cerium sulfate, iron sulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, lithium monolithium sulfate, titanium sulfate, zinc sulfate, tin sulfate, zirconium sulfate, and/or hydrates thereof.

Preferably, the phosphate is aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydrogen phosphate, aluminum chloride phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium calcium phosphate, calcium chloride phosphate, calcium aluminum phosphate, calcium carbonate phosphate, calcium phosphate, cerium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, potassium aluminum phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate hydrate, sodium aluminum phosphate, and/or hydrates thereof.

Preferably, the phosphonate is mono- (C)_1-18-alkyl) phosphonates, mono- (C)₆-C₁₀-aryl) phosphonates and/or mono- (C)_1-18-aralkyl) phosphonate.

Preferably, the nitrate is aluminum nitrate, calcium nitrate, cerium nitrate, iron nitrate, potassium nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, sodium nitrate, titanium nitrate, zinc nitrate, tin nitrate and/or zirconium nitrate and/or hydrates thereof.

Preferably, the acetate salt is aluminum acetate, calcium acetate, cerium acetate, iron acetate, lithium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, magnesium acetate, manganese acetate, titanium acetate, zinc acetate, tin acetate, zirconium acetate, aluminum chloride acetate, calcium hydrogen chloride acetate, and/or hydrates thereof.

Preferably, the sulfite is potassium sulfite, potassium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, ammonium sulfite and/or hydrates thereof.

Preferably, the chloride is aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate chloride, calcium chloride, ferric chloride, magnesium ferric chloride, manganese ferric chloride, zinc ferric chloride, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, titanium oxychloride, zinc chloride, aluminum zinc chloride, zinc oxychloride, tin chloride, zirconium oxychloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, calcium chlorohydrate, ferric chlorohydrate, lithium chlorohydrate, magnesium chlorohydrate, zinc chlorohydrate, tin chlorohydrate, manganese chloride, potassium chloride, aluminum potassium chloride, and/or hydrates thereof.

Preferably, the aluminum phosphite is an aluminum phosphite of formula (I), (II) and/or (III)

Al₂(HPO₃)₃x(H₂O)_q(I)

Wherein

q represents a number of 0 to 4,

Al_2.00M_z(HPO₃)_y(OH)_vx(H₂O)_w(II)

wherein

M represents an alkali metal ion

z represents 0.01 to 1.5

y represents 2.63 to 3.5

v represents 0 to 2, and

w represents a number of 0 to 4,

Al_2.00(HPO₃)_u(H₂PO₃)_tx(H₂O)_s(III)

wherein

u represents 2 to 2.99

t represents 2 to 0.01, and

s represents a number of atoms from 0 to 4,

and/or a mixture of aluminium phosphite of formula (I) with a poorly soluble aluminium salt and a nitrogen-free foreign ion, a mixture of aluminium phosphite of formula (III) with an aluminium salt, aluminium phosphite [ Al (H)₂PO₃)₃]Is aluminum para-phosphite [ Al ]₂(HPO₃)₃]Basic aluminum phosphite [ Al (OH) (H)₂PO₃)₂*2aq]Is aluminum phosphite tetrahydrate [ Al ]₂(HPO₃)₃*4aq]Being aluminium phosphonate, being Al₇(HPO₃)₉(OH)₆(1, 6-hexanediamine)_1.5*12H₂O is Al₂(HPO₃)₃*xAl₂O₃*nH₂O is Al₄H₆P₁₆O₁₈And/or 0 to 99.9% by weight of Al₂(HPO₃)₃*nH₂Mixtures of O with 0.1 to 100% by weight of sodium aluminum phosphite, where x is 2.27 to 1.

Preferably, the aluminum phosphite is 50-99 wt.% Al₂(HPO₃)₃x(H₂O)_qAnd 1-50% by weight of sodium aluminum phosphite, wherein q represents 0 to 4.

Preferably, the aluminum phosphite is also 50-99 wt.% Al₂(HPO₃)₃x(H₂O)_qAnd 1-50 wt% Al_2.00M_z(HPO₃)_y(OH)_vx(H₂O)_w(II) the mixture of (II) wherein q represents 0 to 4, M represents sodium, z represents 0.005 to 0.15, y represents 2.8 to 3.1, v represents 0 to 0.4 and w represents 0 to 4.

Preferably, in the halogen-free flame retardant mixture, component A has a median particle size d50 of from 0.05 to 10 μm and component B has a median particle size d50 of from 0.05 to 10 μm and a residual moisture of from 0.05 to 8% by weight.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that components a and B are mixed with one another in powder form and optionally sieved.

The invention also relates to a method for producing halogen-free flame retardant mixtures, characterized in that the diethylphosphinate salts of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or of the protonated nitrogen-containing base and the non-combustible additive and component B are mixed with one another in powder form.

The invention likewise relates to the following use of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 13: as an intermediate for further synthesis, as an adhesive, as a crosslinking agent or accelerator in the curing of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, unsaturated polyester resins, as a polymer stabilizer, as a plant protection agent, as a chelating agent, as a mineral oil additive, as an anticorrosive agent, in detergent and cleaning agent applications, for electronic applications.

Preferred is the use of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to any one or more of claims 1 to 13 as follows: for or as flame retardants, as flame retardants for varnishes and foamed coatings, for or as flame retardants for wood and other cellulose-containing products, for or as reactive and/or nonreactive flame retardants for polymers, for the preparation of flame-retardant polymer moulding materials, for the preparation of flame-retardant polymer mouldings and/or for imparting flame retardancy to polyester and cellulose pure and blended fabrics by impregnation and/or as synergists in other flame retardant mixtures.

The invention also relates to a thermoplastic or thermosetting flame retardant polymer moulding material, polymer moulding, polymer film, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibres comprising 0.1 to 45 wt% of the halogen free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, 55 to 99.9 wt% of a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or mixture thereof, 0 to 55 wt% of additives and 0 to 55 wt% of fillers or reinforcing materials, wherein the sum of the components is 100 wt%.

Preferred here are flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer molding materials, polymer moldings, polymer films, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibers comprising from 1 to 30% by weight of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, from 10 to 97% by weight of a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or a mixture thereof, from 1 to 30% by weight of additives and from 1 to 30% by weight of fillers or reinforcing materials, where the sum of the components is 100% by weight.

The invention also relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer molding materials, polymer moldings, polymer films, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibers comprising a halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the polymer is a polystyrene-HI (high impact), polyphenylene ether, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate-type thermoplastic polymer and a blend or polymer blend of ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or PC/ABS (polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or PPE/HIPS (polyphenylene ether/polystyrene-HI) plastic type and/or is an unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin-type thermosetting polymer.

Particularly preferably, the polymer is polyamide 4/6 (poly (tetramethylene adipamide), poly- (tetramethylene-adipamide)), polyamide 6 (polycaprolactam, poly-6-aminocaproic acid), polyamide 6/6 (poly (N, N' -hexamethylene adipamide)) and/or HTN (high temperature nylon).

Particularly preferably, component a comprises 99.1 to 99.95% by weight of solid aluminum diethylphosphinate and 0.05 to 0.9% by weight of a non-combustible additive.

In the following, the term diethyl phosphinate always includes the diethyl phosphinate salts of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or of the protonated nitrogen-containing base.

In one embodiment of the invention, particularly preferred additives are dialkylphosphinic acid telomers, in particular of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases, for example ethyl-butylphosphinate, butyl-butylphosphinate, ethyl-hexylphosphinic acid, butyl-hexylphosphinic acid, hexyl-hexylphosphinic acid.

Preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprises from 1 to 99% by weight of component a and from 1 to 99% by weight of component B, wherein component a comprises from 85 to 99.995% by weight of the diethylphosphinate of the above-mentioned metals and from 0.005 to 15% by weight of a non-flammable additive, and component B is aluminum phosphite.

It is also preferred here that the halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprises 10 to 90% by weight of component a and 10 to 90% by weight of component B, wherein component a comprises 85 to 99.995% by weight of the diethylphosphinate of the above-mentioned metals and 0.005 to 15% by weight of a non-combustible additive, and component B is aluminum phosphite.

Also preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprises 20 to 80% by weight of component a and 20 to 80% by weight of component B, wherein component a comprises 85 to 99.995% by weight of the diethylphosphinate of the above-mentioned metals and 0.005 to 15% by weight of a non-flammable additive, and component B is aluminum phosphite.

Particularly preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprises from 1 to 99% by weight of component a and from 1 to 99% by weight of component B, wherein component a comprises from 92 to 99.9% by weight of the abovementioned metal diethylphosphinate and from 0.1 to 8% by weight of a non-combustible additive, and component B is aluminum phosphite.

Particularly preferred non-combustible additives are dialkylphosphinic acid telomers in the form of salts of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases, for example ethyl-butylphosphinate, butyl-butylphosphinate, ethyl-hexylphosphinate, butyl-hexylphosphinate, hexyl-hexylphosphinate.

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising dialkylphosphinic acid telomers as non-combustible additives are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% of component a and 1 to 99 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 85 to 99.995 wt% of a diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 15 wt% of a dialkylphosphinic acid telomer.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90% by weight of component A and 10 to 90% by weight of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 85 to 99.995% by weight of diethylphosphinate and 0.005 to 15% by weight of dialkylphosphinic acid telomer.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80% by weight of component A and 20 to 80% by weight of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 85 to 99.995% by weight of diethylphosphinate and 0.005 to 15% by weight of dialkylphosphinic acid telomer.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 92 to 99.9 wt.% of diethylphosphinate and 0.1 to 8 wt.% of dialkylphosphinic acid telomer.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be a sulphate.

Preferred sulfates are those having alkali metal cations and having protonated nitrogen-containing base (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amine) cations and having alkaline earth metal cations, having cations of a third main group element, having cations of a subgroup element. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred sulfates are those having cations of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases.

Particularly preferred sulfates are sodium sulfate, sodium aluminum sulfate and alunite.

Also preferred sulfates are:

aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, cerium (II) sulfate, cerium (IV) sulfate, cerium (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese (II) sulfate, manganese (III) sulfate, manganese (IV) sulfate, manganese (II) sulfate, lithium (III) sulfate, sodium sulfate, titanium (II) sulfate, titanium (III) sulfate, titanium (IV) sulfate, zinc sulfate, tin (II) sulfate, tin (III) sulfate, tin (IV) sulfate, tin (II) sulfate, zirconium (IV) sulfate, zirconium (III) sulfate.

Preferred alunites are:

aluminite (Al)₂(OH)₄(SO₄)·7H₂O) and modified aluminite (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄) Metaaluminite (Al)₂(OH)₄(SO₄)·5H₂O), Aluminium (Al (OH) (SO)₄)·5H₂O), hydrargillite (Zaherite, Al)₁₂O₁₃(SO₄)₅·xH₂O), aluminum oxyhydroxide (Al)₃₀(OH)₅₆O₈(SO₄)₉) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al (OH)_2.24(SO₄)_0.38) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate oxide hydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₃(OH)₅(SO₄)₂) Aluminum sulfate oxyhydroxide nonahydrate, aluminum sulfate hydroxide (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄) Aluminum oxyhydroxide hydrate, alumite (Al (OH)) (SO)₄)·5H₂O), aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₇(OH)₁₇(SO₄)₂) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate dodecahydrate, and sillimanite (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄)·10H₂O), metaaluminite (Al)₂(OH)₄(SO₄)·5H₂O), orthorhombic aluminite (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄)·5H₂O), aluminite (Al)₂(OH)₄(SO₄)·7H₂O), aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₃(OH)₇(SO₄) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₃(OH)₅(SO₄)₂) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate dihydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al (OH)₂·7(SO₄)_0.15) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₇(OH)₁₇(SO₄)₂) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al (OH) (SO)₄) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄))、Aluminum hydroxide sulfate decahydrate, Alcalium (Al (OH)) (SO)₄)·5H₂O), aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate pentahydrate, aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al)₆(OH)₁₆(SO₄) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate, ettringite (Al)₄(OH)₁₀(SO₄)·5H₂O), aluminum hydroxide sulfate (Al (OH) (SO)₄) Aluminum hydroxide sulfate pentahydrate, aluminum alkali alum (Na, Ca)_1-xAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆Aluminum oxide sulfate hydrate Al₆O₅(SO₄)₄*xH₂O, hydroalumen-16A Al₁₂(SO₄)₅(OH)₂₆Aluminum hydroxide sulfate Al₄SO₄(OH)₁₀Aluminum hydroxide alum-18A Al₁₂(SO₄)₅(OH)₂₆*20H₂O, water-based aluminite Al₄SO₄(OH)₁₀*36H₂O, aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate Al₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₅*9H₂O, hydroxy aluminite/orthorhombic aluminite Al₄SO₄(OH)₁₀*4H₂O, aluminite Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₄*7H₂O, synthetic hydroxy Alum Al₄SO₄(OH)₁₀*7H₂O, orthorhombic aluminite Al₄SO₄(OH)₁₀*5H₂O, synthetic metaaluminite Al₄SO₄(OH)₄*5H₂O, Aluminite Al₄SO₄(OH)*5H₂O, aluminum hydroxide sulfate hydrate 3Al₂O₃*4SO₃*H₂O, NaAlte NaAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆。

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising sulfates as non-combustible additives are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% sulfate.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt% of component A and 10 to 90 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% of sulfate.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt.% of component A and 20 to 80 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of sulfate.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 99.1 to 99.99 wt.% of diethylphosphinate and 0.01 to 0.9 wt.% of sulfate.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be a phosphate.

Preferred phosphates are those having alkali metal cations and having protonated nitrogen-containing base (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amine) cations and having alkaline earth metal cations, having cations of a group iii element, having cations of a group subgroup element. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred phosphates are those having cations of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases.

The preferred phosphate is aluminum phosphate AlPO₄、Al₂O₃*P₂O₅、Al₃₆P₃₆O₁₄₄、Al₁₆P₁₆O₆₄、Al₈P₈O₂₂、Al₂O₃*xP₂O₅、Al₂O₃*0.95P₂O₅、Al₂O₃*0.86P₂O₅、Al₁₂P₁₂O₄₈、Al₂P₆O₁₈，

Aluminum phosphate hydrate Al₂P_1.94O_7.85*2H₂O、AlPO₄*xH₂O、AlPO₄*0.45H₂O、Al₃₂P₃₂O₁₂₈*xH₂O、Al₆P₆O₂₄*4H₂O、AlPO₄*1.67H₂O、Al₄(P₂O₇)₃*12H₂O、Al₂P₂O₈*3H₂O、AlP₆O₁₈*9.5H₂O、Al₆P₆O₂₁*8H₂O，

Aluminum hydrogen phosphate Al (H)₂PO₄)₃、H₂(AlPOPO₄)₃，

Aluminum hydrogen phosphate hydrate AlH₆(PO₄)₃*2H₂O、AlH₃(PO₄)₂*nH₂O、Al(HP₂O₇)*2.5H₂O、AlH₃(PO₄)₂*3H₂O，

Aluminum phosphate chloride Al (PO)₂Cl₂)₃，

Calcium hydrogen phosphate Ca₃H₂P₄O₁₄、Ca(H₂PO₄)₂、CaH₂PO₇、Ca₄H₂(P₃O₁₀)₂、CaPO₃(OH)，

Calcium magnesium phosphate Ca₃Mg₃(PO₄)₂、Ca₇Mg₂P₆O₂₄、CaMgP₂O₇、(Ca,Mg)₃(PO₄)₂Calcium chloride phosphate Ca₂PO₄Cl，

Calcium phosphate Ca₃P₂O₇、CaP₄O₁₁、Ca₂P₆O₁₇、Ca₃(P₅O₁₄)₂、CaP₂O₆、CaP₂O₇、Ca₄P₆O₁₉、Ca₄(PO₄)₂、Ca_x+2P_2xO_6x+2，

Calcium aluminum phosphate Ca₉Al(PO₄)₇，

Calcium carbonate calcium phosphate Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆CO₃，

Calcium phosphate hydrate Ca₂P₂O₇*2H₂O、β-Ca₂(P₄O₁₂)*4H₂O、Ca₃(PO₃)₆*10H₂O、Ca₄P₈O₂₄*16H₂O、Ca₂P₂O₇*2H₂O、Ca₂(P₄O₁₂)*4H₂O、Ca₂P₂O₇*4H₂O、Ca₃(PO₄)₂*xH₂O、CaAlH(PO₄)₂*6H₂O、Ca₈H₂(PO₄)₆)*5H₂O、Ca₄H(PO₄)₃*5H₂O、Ca₃H₂(P₂O₇)₂*4H₂O、Ca_1.5HP₂O₇*2H₂O、Ca(H₂PO₄)₂*H₂O、Ca₃H₂(P₂O₇)₂*H₂O，

Cerium phosphate CePO₄、CeP₂O₇、Ca(PO₃)₄、CaP₅O₁₄、CeP₃O₉、Ce₄(P₂O₇)₃Calcium phosphate α -Ca₂P₂O₇、β-Ca₂P₂O₇、γ-Ca₂P₂O₇、CaP₄O₁₁、Ca₂P₆O₁₇、α-CaP₄O₁₁、Ca₃(P₅O₁₄)₂、β-Ca(PO₃)₂、δ-Ca(PO₃)₂、γ-Ca(PO₃)₂、α-Ca-P₂O₆、β-Ca-P₂O₆、Ca₄P₆O₁₉、α-Ca₃(PO₄)₂、β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂、γ-Ca₃(PO₄)₂、Ca_{x+ 2}P_2xO_6x+2，

Cerium phosphate CePO₄、CeP₂O₇、Ca(PO₃)₄、CeP₅O₁₄、CeP₃O₉、Ce₄(P₂O₇)₃、CeP₅O₁₄，

Cerium hydrogen phosphate CeH₂P₂O₈，

Lithium phosphate hydrate Li₄P₄O₁₂*4H₂O、Li₈P₈O₂₄*10H₂O、Li₆P₆O₁₈*6H₂O、Li₆P₈O₂₄*6H₂O、Li₄P₄O₁₂*nH₂O、Li₆P₆O₁₈*nH₂O、Li₃P₃O₉*3H₂O，

Lithium hydrogen phosphate Li₃HP₂O₇*H₂O，

Magnesium phosphate hydrate Mg₄P₈O₂₄*19H₂O、Mg₂P₄O₁₂*8H₂O、Mg₃(PO₄)₂*nH₂O、Mg₂P₂O₇*2H₂O，

Magnesium hydrogen phosphate hydrate MgHPO₄*nH₂O、Mg(H₂PO₄)₂*nH₂O，

Potassium phosphate hydrate K₈P₈O₂₄*6H₂O、(KPO₃)₄*2H₂O、K₆P₆O₁₈*3H₂O、α-K₅P₃O₁₀*nH₂O、β-K₅P₃O₁₀*nH₂O、K₁₀P₁₀O₃₀*4H₂O、K₄P₂O₇*nH₂O、K₅P₃O₁₀*nH₂O、K₃PO₄*nH₂O、K₁₀P₆O₂₀*H₂O，

Calcium aluminum phosphate hydrate K₆Al₂P₆O₂₁*12H₂O，

Potassium hydrogen phosphate hydrate K₂H₂P₂O₇*nH₂O、K₃H₂P₂O₇*0.5H₂O、KH₃P₂O₇*H₂O、K₃H₂P₃O₁₀*H₂O、K₄HP₃O₁₀*xH₂O、KH₃(PO₄)₂*₂H₂O、K₂H₃P₃O₁₀*2H₂O、K₃HP₂O₇*3H₂O、K₂HPO₄*3H₂O、K₃HP₂O₇*3H₂O, sodium hydrogen phosphate hydrate Na₃HP₂O₆*9H₂O、Na₃HP₂O₇*H₂O、Na₂H₂P₂O₇*6H₂O、Na₂H₂P₂O₆*6H₂O、NaH₂PO₄*12H₂O、NaH₂PO₄*H₂O、NaH₃P₂O₆*xH₂O、β-Na₂HPO₄*12H₂O、Na₃H₂P₃O₁₀*1.4H₂O、2NaH₂PO₄*Na₂HPO₄*2H₂O、NaH₂PO₄*2H₂O、NaH₂PO₂*H₂O、Na₂HPO₄*nH₂O、Na₄HP₃O₁₀*H₂O、Na₂HPO₃*5H₂O、Na₃HP₂O₇*nH₂O、Na₃H₂P₃O₁₀*1.5H₂O，

Sodium phosphate hydrate Na₃P₃O₉*nH₂O、Na₅P₃O₁₀*6H₂O、(NaPO₃)₃*nH₂O、Na₆P₆O₁₈*6H₂O、Na₅(P₅O₁₅)*4H₂O、Na₄P₂O₆*nH₂O、Na₄P₂O₇*10H₂O、Na₄P₄O₁₂*4H₂O、(NaPO₂)₆*nH₂O，

Sodium aluminium phosphate hydrate Na₂AlP₃O₁₀*4H₂O、Na₂AlP₂O₁₀*2H₂O、Na₂AlP₃O₁₀、Na₂(AlP₃O₁₀)*2H₂O、Na₃Al(PO₄)₂*1.5H₂O、Na₂Al₆P₂O₁₅*10H₂O。

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising phosphate as non-combustible additive are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% phosphate.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt% of component A and 10 to 90 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% of phosphate.

III) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt% of component a and 20 to 80 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% of phosphate.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 99.3 to 99.95 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.05 to 0.7 wt.% of phosphate.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be an organic phosphonate.

Preferred organic phosphonates are those having alkali metal cations and having protonated nitrogen-containing base (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amine) cations and having alkaline earth metal cations, having group iii element cations, having subgroup element cations. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred organophosphonates are organophosphonates having a cation of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen-containing base.

Preferred organophosphonates are, for example, the mono-organophosphonates such as mono (C)₁-18-alkyl) phosphonates, mono (C)₆-C₁₀-aryl) phosphonates, mono (C)_7-18-aralkyl) phosphonates, inter alia, monomethylphosphonates, monoethylphosphonates, monobutylphosphonates, monohexylphosphonates, monophenylphosphonates, monophenylmethylphosphonates, and the like.

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising organic phosphonates as non-combustible additives are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% organic phosphonate.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt.% of component A and 10 to 90 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of an organic phosphonate.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt.% of component A and 20 to 80 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of an organic phosphonate.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 98 to 99.95 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.05 to 2 wt.% of an organic phosphonate.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be a nitrate.

Preferred nitrates are those having alkali metal cations and having protonated nitrogen-containing base (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amine) cations and having alkaline earth metal cations, having cations of a third main group element, having cations of a subgroup element. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred nitrates are nitrates with cations of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases.

The preferred nitrate is aluminum nitrate (Al (NO)₃)₃) Calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)₃)₂) Cerium (II) nitrate (Ce (NO)₃)₂) Cerium (III) nitrate (Ce (NO)₃)₃) Cerium (IV) nitrate (Ce (NO)₃)₄) Cerium nitrate (Ce (NO)₃)_x) Iron nitrate (Fe (NO)₃)_x) Iron (II) nitrate (Fe (NO)₃)₂) Iron (III) nitrate (Fe (NO)₃)₃) Potassium nitrate (KNO)₃) Lithium nitrate (LiNO)₃) Magnesium nitrate (Mg)_{1/ 2}NO₃) Manganese (II) nitrate (Mn)_1/2NO₃) Manganese (III) nitrate (Mn)_1/3NO₃) Manganese (IV) nitrate (Mn)_1/4NO₃) Sodium nitrate (NaNO)₃) Titanium nitrate (Ti (NO)₃)_x) Titanium (II) nitrate (Ti)_1/2NO₃) Titanium (III) nitrate (Ti)_1/3NO₃) Titanium (IV) nitrate (Ti)_1/4NO₃) Zinc nitrate (Zn)_1/2NO₃) Tin nitrate (Sn (NO)₃)_x) Tin (II) nitrate (Sn)_1/2NO₃) Tin (IV) nitrate (Sn)_{1/ 4}NO₃) Zirconium nitrate (Zr (NO)₃) x), zirconium (II) nitrate (Zr)_1/2NO₃) And/or zirconium (IV) nitrate (Zr)_1/4NO₃)。

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising nitrates as non-combustible additives are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% nitrate.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt% of component A and 10 to 90 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% of nitrate.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt.% of component A and 20 to 80 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of nitrate.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 99.79 to 99.99 wt.% of diethylphosphinate and 0.01 to 0.21 wt.% of nitrate.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be a chloride.

Preferred chlorides are those having alkali metal cations and having cations of protonated nitrogen-containing bases (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines) and having cations of alkaline earth metals, having cations of group iii elements, and having cations of subgroup elements. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred chlorides are chlorides with cations of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases.

Preferred chlorides include:

aluminum (C) acetate chloride₄H₆AlClO₄) And the aluminum hydrogen acetate chloride is added into the reaction kettle,

AlCl aluminum chloride₃Aluminum chloride hydrate AlCl₃*nH₂O，

Acetic acid calcium chloride hydrate C₂H₃CaClO₂*nH₂O，

Calcium chloride CaCl₂Calcium chloride hydrate CaCl₂*nH₂O，

Iron chloride hydrate 2FeCl₂*nH₂O、FeCl₃*nH₂O，

FeMgCl as ferrimagnesium chloride hydrate₄*nH₂O，

Ferromanganese chloride hydrate Mn_0.5Fe_0.5Cl₂*nH₂O，

FeZnCl as a zinc iron chloride hydrate₄*nH₂O, lithium chloride LiCl nH₂O，

Magnesium chloride hydrate MgCl₂*nH₂O, titanium chloride hydrate TiCl₃*nH₂O，

Oxychlorination processTitania hydrate Ti₂₉O₄₂Cl₃₂*₁₁₀H₂O、Ti₂O₂Cl₄*2H₂O，

Zinc chloride ZnCl₂*nH₂O，

Aluminum zinc chloride hydrate Zn₂Al(OH)₆Cl*1.8H₂O，

Zinc oxychloride hydrate Zn₂OCl₂*2H₂O, SnCl₄*nH₂O、SnCl₂*nH₂O，

Zirconyl chloride hydrate ZrOCl₂*nH₂O，

Aluminum chlorohydroxide, Al₂₉(OH)₇₈Cl₉、Al₁₁(OH)₃₀Cl₃，

Aluminum chlorohydrate Al hydroxide₁₃Cl₁₅(OH)₂₄*37.5H₂O，

Calcium chloride hydroxide, ferric chloride hydroxide Fe₆Cl_2-x(OH)_12+x，

Lithium chloride hydroxide Li₂Cl (OH), magnesium chloride hydroxide MgClOH,

magnesium chloride hydroxide hydrate Mg₂(OH)₃Cl*4H₂O，

Zinc chloride hydroxide hydrate, tin chloride hydroxide Sn₄(OH)₆Cl₂，

Ferric chloride FeCl₂、FeCl₃Lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, manganese chloride MnCl₂，

Potassium chloride and potassium aluminum chloride.

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising chloride as non-combustible additive are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% chloride.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt% of component A and 10 to 90 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% of chloride.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt.% of component A and 20 to 80 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of chloride.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 99.5 to 99.99 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.01 to 0.5 wt.% of chloride.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be an acetate.

Preferred acetates are those having alkali metal cations and having protonated nitrogen-containing base (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amine) cations and having alkaline earth metal cations, having cations of a group iii element, having cations of a group subgroup element. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred acetates are acetates with cations of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing bases.

Suitable acetates according to the invention are, for example:

aluminum acetate (Al)_1/3(C₂H₄O₂) Calcium acetate (Ca)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Cerium (II) acetate, cerium (III) acetate (Ce)_1/3(C₂H₄O₂) Acetic acid), acetic acidCerium (IV) (Ce)_1/4(C₂H₄O₂) Iron acetate (Fe), iron (III) acetate_x(C₂H₄O₂) Iron (II) acetate (Fe)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Iron (III) acetate (Fe)_1/3(C₂H₄O₂) Potassium acetate (K (C)), and a salt thereof₂H₄O₂) Lithium acetate (Li (C), (Li (C))₂H₄O₂) Magnesium acetate (Mg)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Manganese acetate (Mn), manganese acetate (Mn)_x(C₂H₄O₂) Manganese (II) acetate (Mn)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Manganese (III) acetate (Mn)_1/3(C₂H₄O₂) Manganese (IV) acetate (Mn)_1/4(C₂H₄O₂) Sodium acetate (Na (C)), sodium acetate (Na (C))₂H₄O₂) Titanium acetate, titanium (II) acetate, titanium (III) acetate, titanium (IV) acetate (Ti)_1/4(C₂H₄O₂) Zinc acetate (Zn), zinc acetate (Zn)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Tin (II) acetate (Sn)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Tin (IV) acetate (Sn)_1/4(C₂H₄O₂) Tin acetate (Sn), tin acetate (Sn)_x(C₂H₄O₂) Zirconium acetate (Zr)_x(C₂H₄O₂) Zirconium (II) acetate (Zr)_1/2(C₂H₄O₂) Zirconium (III) acetate and/or zirconium (IV) acetate (Zr)_1/4(C₂H₄O₂))。

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising acetate as non-combustible additive are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% acetate.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt.% of component A and 10 to 90 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of acetate.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt.% of component A and 20 to 80 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of acetate.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 99.25 to 99.99 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.01 to 0.75 wt.% of acetate.

The non-combustible additive may also preferably be a sulphite.

Preferred sulfites are those having alkali metal cations and having protonated nitrogen-containing base (e.g., ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amine) cations and having alkaline earth metal cations, having cations of a group iii element, having cations of a group subgroup element. Particularly preferred subgroup elements here are titanium, iron, zinc and mixtures thereof.

Preferred sulfites are those having cations of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogenous base.

Particularly preferred are sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium bisulfite and potassium bisulfate.

Preferred halogen-free flame retardant mixtures according to the invention comprising sulfites as non-combustible additives are:

I) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt% component a and 1 to 99 wt% aluminum phosphite, wherein component a comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% sulfite.

II) a halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 10 to 90 wt% of component A and 10 to 90 wt% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt% of diethylphosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt% of sulfite.

III) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 20 to 80 wt.% of component A and 20 to 80 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 95 to 99.995 wt.% of diethyl phosphinate and 0.005 to 5 wt.% of sulfite.

IV) halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of aluminum phosphite, wherein component A comprises 99.18 to 99.99 wt.% of diethylphosphinate and 0.01 to 0.82 wt.% of sulfite.

In general, the halogen-free flame retardant mixture preferably comprises from 1 to 99% by weight of component a and from 1 to 99% by weight of component B, wherein component a comprises from 95 to 99.995% by weight of diethyl phosphinate and from 0.005 to 5% by weight of sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, nitrate, chloride, sulfite and/or acetate, and component B is aluminum phosphite.

In the sense of the present invention, the term "aluminum phosphite" comprises a series of compounds defined below.

The aluminum phosphite according to the present invention includes an alkali metal-aluminum mixed phosphite of the formula

Al_2.00M_z(HPO₃)_y(OH)_v*(H₂O)_w(II)

Wherein

M represents an alkali metal ion, and M represents an alkali metal ion,

z represents a number of 0.01 to 1.5,

y represents 2.63 to 3.5,

v represents 0 to 2, and w represents 0 to 4,

the aluminum phosphite according to the invention is in particular Al₂(HPO₃)₃*nH₂A mixture of O (where n ═ 0-4) and sodium aluminum phosphite. Sodium aluminum phosphite corresponding to formula(II), e.g. of the general formula Al_2.0Na_0.6(HPO₃)_2.89*0.28H₂O。

X-ray powder data for sodium aluminum phosphite Al given in example 78 and used for comparison₂(HPO₃)₃*4H₂X-ray powder data for O is given in example 82.

The aluminum phosphite according to the invention is also 0-99.9 wt.% Al₂(HPO₃)₃*nH₂A mixture of O and 0.1 to 100 weight percent sodium aluminum phosphite.

Preferred aluminum phosphites according to the invention are from 1 to 50% by weight Al₂(HPO₃)₃*nH₂A mixture of O and 1-50 wt% sodium aluminum phosphite.

Very particularly preferably, the aluminum phosphite according to the invention is 5 to 75% by weight Al₂(HPO₃)₃*nH₂A mixture of O and 5-25 wt% sodium aluminum phosphite.

The aluminum phosphites which can be used according to the invention are also alkali metal-aluminum mixed phosphites according to the formula

Al_xM_z(HPO₃)_y(OH)_v*(H₂O)_w(II)

Wherein

x represents 1.00 to 2.0,

m represents an alkali metal ion, and M represents an alkali metal ion,

z represents a number of 0.01 to 2.7,

y represents 2.63 to 3.5,

v represents 0 to 2 and w represents 0 to 6,

the aluminium phosphites which can be used according to the invention are also mixtures of the following compositions:

80-99.9 wt.% of Al₂(HPO₃)₃

0.1-25 wt% of water

0-10% by weight of sulfate

0-15% by weight of sodium

0-10% by weight of phosphate

Likewise, the aluminum phosphites which can be used according to the invention are those of the following composition:

80-99.9 wt.% of Al₂(HPO₃)₃

0.1-25 wt% of water

0-14.8 wt.% sodium sulfate

0-7.4% by weight of sodium phosphate

Aluminum phosphites which can be used according to the invention also include aluminum hydrogenphosphites of the formula (III)

Al_2.00(HPO₃)_u(H₂PO₃)_t*(H₂O)_s(III)

Wherein

u represents a number of atoms ranging from 2 to 2.99,

t represents 2 to 0.01, and

s represents 0 to 4.

The aluminum phosphite which can be used according to the invention is also a mixture of aluminum phosphite with poorly soluble aluminum salts and nitrogen-free foreign ions, said mixture containing 80 to 99.898 wt.% of aluminum phosphite of the formula (I)

Al₂(HPO₃)₃*H₂O (I)

Wherein

x represents a number of 0 to 4,

0.1 to 10% by weight of a sparingly soluble aluminum salt, and

0.002 to 10 wt% of a nitrogen-free extraneous ion.

Preferably, the sparingly soluble aluminum salt is aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chlorohydroxide, polyaluminum hydroxide compound, aluminum carbonate, hydrotalcite (Mg)₆Al₂(OH)₁₆CO₃*nH₂O), dihydroxy sodium aluminum carbonate (NaAl (OH)₂CO₃) Alumina, alumina hydrates, mixed hydroxide aluminas, basic aluminium sulphates and/or alunite.

Preferably, the nitrogen-free foreign ion is chloride, complex chloride, bromide; hydroxide, peroxide hydrate, sulfite, sulfate hydrate, acid sulfate, bisulfate, persulfate, and persulfate; is nitrate; carbonate, percarbonate, stannate; is borate, perborate hydrate; is formate, acetate, propionate, lactate and/or ascorbate and/or is a cation of the elements Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Sn, Cu, Zn, La, Ce, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and/or Ni.

The aluminium phosphite which can be used according to the invention is also a mixture of aluminium hydrogenphosphite of the formula (III) and an aluminium salt

Al_2.00(HPO₃)_u(H₂PO₃)_t*(H₂O)_s(III)

The mixture comprises

91 to 99.9% of aluminum hydrogenphosphite of the formula (III)

0.1 to 9% of an aluminium salt, and

0 to 50% of (crystalline) water

Wherein in the formula (III)

u represents a number of atoms ranging from 2 to 2.99,

t represents 2 to 0.01, and

s represents 0 to 4.

Aluminum phosphites which can be used according to the invention include, in particular, aluminum (Al (H)₂PO₃)₃) Secondary aluminum phosphite, basic aluminum phosphite (Al (OH) (H)₂PO₃)₂2aq), aluminum phosphite tetrahydrate (Al)₂(HPO₃)₃*4aq)、Al₇(HPO₃)₉(OH)₆(1, 6-hexanediamine)_1.5*12H₂O、Al₂(HPO₃)₃*xAl₂O₃*nH₂O and/or Al₄H₆P₁₆O₁₈Wherein x is 2.27-1.

Preferably, the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention has a residual moisture content of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 2% by weight.

Preferably, the median particle size d of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention₅₀From 0.1 to 1,000. mu.m, in particular from 10 to 100. mu.m.

Preferably, the bulk density of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention is from 80 to 800g/l, in particular from 200 to 700 g/l.

The free flow of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention is determined according to Pflengle (DIN ISO4324Tenside, silver und Granulate, Bestimung des Sch ü ttwinkels, 12 months 1983, Berlin Beuth Press).

The free-flowing property is determined by determining the height of the cone or the ratio of the cone radius to the cone height of the powder or the particles according to said criteria. A certain amount of the substance to be investigated is deposited into the confining means through a special funnel so as to form a cone. A defined cone radius is formed by stacking the cones until the product flows over a circular plate protruding from the bottom. The radius of the plate is fixed. The funnel has an internal diameter of 10 mm. The plate has a radius of 50 mm. 5 determinations were made and averaged. The height in millimeters is measured with a ruler starting from the plate up to the tip of the cone. The ratio of cone radius (50mm) to cone height was calculated from the average.

For the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the prior art, a stacking cone height of 29.9 to 49.9mm corresponding to a span of 20mm and a radius to height ratio of 1.67 to 1.00 corresponding to a span of 0.67 were determined (═ cot α).

The halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention can also be prepared according to different methods.

Preferably, the aluminum diethylphosphinate is mixed directly with the non-combustible additive and the aluminum phosphite.

Also preferably, aluminum diethylphosphinate containing a non-combustible additive is mixed with aluminum phosphite.

According to the present invention, aluminum diethylphosphinate containing a non-combustible additive is prepared by reacting diethylphosphinate with an elemental metal or metal salt at 0 to 300 ℃ for 0.01 to 1 hour.

Preferred metal salts herein are metal oxides, mixed metal-oxide-hydroxides, and the like.

In another embodiment according to the invention, aluminium diethylphosphinate containing a non-flammable additive is prepared by reacting diethylphosphinate with free base at 0 to 300 ℃ for 0.01 to 1 hour.

In another embodiment, aluminum diethylphosphinate containing non-flammable additives is prepared by reacting diethylphosphinic acid in the alkali metal salt form with the salt of the desired cation at 0 to 300 ℃ for 0.01 to 1 hour.

Preferred alkali metal salts are sodium and potassium salts.

Preferred salts which provide the desired cation are here acetates, glycolates, chlorides, hydroxychlorides, nitrates, sulfates, hydroxysulfates, phosphonates and phosphites. Preferably, its concentration in aqueous solution is from 5 to 95% (anhydrous solids), particularly preferably from 20 to 50% by weight.

In another embodiment, aluminum diethylphosphinate containing non-flammable additives is prepared by reacting diethylphosphinic acid in the form of a reactive derivative with a derivative of the desired cation at 0 to 300 ℃ for 0.01 to 1 hour. Preferred diethylphosphinic acid derivatives are diethylphosphinate, diethylphosphinate pyroester, diethylphosphinate chloride, diethylphosphinate phosphate, diethylphosphinate acetate, diethylphosphinate phenolate, and the like.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains a dialkylphosphinic telomer as a non-combustible additive, the dialkylphosphinic telomer content is from 50ppm to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 1000ppm to 8% by weight.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains sulfate as a non-combustible additive, the sulfate content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 100ppm to 9000 ppm.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains phosphate as a non-combustible additive, the phosphate content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 500ppm to 7000 ppm.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains an organophosphonate as a non-combustible additive, the organophosphonate content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 500ppm to 2% by weight.

In embodiments in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains nitrate as a non-combustible additive, the nitrate content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 100ppm to 2100 ppm.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains chloride as a non-combustible additive, the chloride content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 100ppm to 5000 ppm.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate comprises acetate as a non-combustible additive, the acetate content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 100ppm to 7500 ppm.

In the embodiment in which the aluminium diethylphosphinate contains sulfite as a non-combustible additive, the sulfite content is from 50ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 100ppm to 8200 ppm.

The invention also comprises a flame-retardant polymer molding material comprising

1 to 50 wt.% of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention

1 to 99% by weight of a polymer or polymer mixture,

0 to 60% by weight of additives, and

0 to 60% by weight of a filler.

The present invention preferably comprises a flame-retardant polymer molding material comprising

5 to 30 wt.% of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention

15 to 85% by weight of a polymer or polymer mixture,

5 to 40% by weight of additives, and

5 to 40 weight percent of a filler.

Preferably, the polymer is derived from a thermoplastic polymer such as a polyester, polystyrene or polyamide and/or a thermosetting polymer.

Preferably, the polymer is a polymer of monoolefins and diolefins, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, and polymers of cyclic olefins such as cyclopentene or norbornene; also polyethylene (which optionally can be crosslinked), such as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), branched low density polyethylene (VLDPE), and mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the polymers are copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, for example ethylene-propylene-copolymers, Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), propylene-butene-1-copolymers, propylene-isobutylene-copolymers, ethylene-butene-1-copolymers, ethylene-hexene-copolymers, ethylene-methylpentene-copolymers, ethylene-heptene-copolymers, ethylene-octene-copolymers, propylene-butadiene-copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene-copolymers, ethylene-alkyl acrylate-copolymers, ethylene-alkyl methacrylate-copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate-copolymers and copolymers thereof with carbon monoxide, ethylene-propylene-1-copolymers, propylene-isobutylene-butadiene-copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene-copolymers, ethylene-alkyl acrylate-copolymers, ethylene-alkyl methacrylate-copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate-copolymers and, Or ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers), and terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene, such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene norbornene; also mixtures of the copolymers with one another, for example polypropylene/ethylene-propylene copolymers, LDPE/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, LDPE/ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, LLDPE/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, LLDPE/ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and alternating or random polyolefin/carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers, for example polyamides.

Preferably, the polymer is a hydrocarbon resin (e.g., C)₅-C₉) Including hydrogenated modified forms thereof (e.g., tackifying resins) and mixtures of polyolefins and starch.

Preferably, the polymer is polystyrene (polystyrene 143e (basf), poly- (p-methylstyrene), poly- (α -methylstyrene)).

Preferably, the polymer is a copolymer of styrene or α -methylstyrene with a diene or acryloyl derivative, such as styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and styrene-butadiene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate, a high impact mixture of styrene-copolymers and other polymers (such as polyacrylates, diene polymers or ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymers), and block copolymers of styrene, such as styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene or styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene.

Preferably, the polymer is a graft polymer of styrene or α -methylstyrene, for example styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene-copolymer or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile-copolymer, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene, styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene, styrene and maleic imide on polybutadiene, styrene and alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate on polybutadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer, styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl acrylate or polyalkyl methacrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile on acrylate-butadiene-copolymer, and mixtures thereof, for example the so-called ABS-polymers, MBS-polymers, ASA-polymers or AES-polymers.

Preferably, the polymer is a halogen-containing polymer, such as polychloroprene, chlordiene rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymers of isobutylene-isoprene (halogenated butyl rubber), chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homopolymers and epichlorohydrin copolymers, in particular polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride; and copolymers thereof, such as vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate.

Preferably, the polymers are those derived from α -, β -unsaturated acids and their derivatives, such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, polymethyl methacrylates impact-modified with butyl acrylate, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles, and copolymers of the monomers mentioned with one another or with other unsaturated monomers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-copolymers, acrylonitrile-alkyl acrylate-copolymers, acrylonitrile-alkoxyalkyl acrylate-copolymers, acrylonitrile-vinyl halide-copolymers or acrylonitrile-alkyl methacrylate-butadiene-terpolymers.

Preferably, the polymer is a polymer derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or acyl derivatives or acetals thereof, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl benzoate, polyvinyl maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate, polyallyl melamine; and copolymers thereof with olefins.

Preferably, the polymers are homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or copolymers thereof with diglycidyl ethers.

Preferably, the polymer is polyacetal, e.g. polyoxymethylene, and polyoxymethylene comprising a comonomer (e.g. ethylene oxide); polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.

Preferably, the polymers are polyphenylene oxide and polyphenylene sulfide and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers or polyamides.

Preferably, the polymer is a polyurethane derived from polyethers, polyesters and polybutadienes having terminal hydroxyl groups on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other, and precursors thereof.

Preferably, the polymers are polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and/or aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, for example polyamide 2/12, polyamide 4 (poly-4-aminobutanoic acid,4, DuPont corporation), polyamide 4/6 (poly (tetramethylene-adipamide), poly- (tetramethylene-adipamide),4/6, DuPont corporation), polyamide 6 (polycaprolactam, poly-6-aminocaproic acid,6, DuPont corporation, DuPont,k122, DSM corporation;7301, DuPont corporation;b29, Bayer), polyamide 6/6 (poly (N, N' -hexamethylene adipamide),6/6, DuPont corporation,101, DuPont corporation;A30，AKV，AM, Bayer corporation;a3, BASF corporation), polyamide 6/9 (poly (hexamethylene nonanoylamide),6/9, DuPont corporation), polyamide 6/10 (poly (hexamethylene sebacamide),6/10, DuPont corporation), polyamide 6/12 (poly (hexamethylene)Dodecanediamide),6/12, DuPont corporation), polyamide 6/66 (poly (hexamethylene adipamide-co-caprolactam),6/66, DuPont), polyamide 7 (poly-7-aminoheptanoic acid,7, DuPont), polyamide 7/7 (polyheptamethylene pimelamide,7/7, DuPont corporation), polyamide 8 (poly-8-aminocaprylic acid,8, DuPont), polyamide 8/8 (poly octamethylene octanediamide,8/8, DuPont), polyamide 9 (poly-9-aminononanoic acid,9, DuPont), polyamide 9/9 (poly (nonamethylene azelamide),9/9, DuPont), polyamide 10 (poly-10-amino-decanoic acid,10, DuPont), polyamide 10/9 (poly (decamethylene azelamide),10/9, DuPont), polyamide 10/10 (polydecamethylene sebacamide,10/10, DuPont), polyamide 11 (poly-11-aminoundecanoic acid,11, DuPont), polyamide 12 (polylauryllactam,12, a product of DuPont corporation,l20, Ems Chemie corporation), aromatic polyamides derived from meta-xylene, diamines and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic and/or terephthalic acid (polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide, polyhexamethyleneterephthalamide) and optionally elastomers as modifiers, such as poly-2, 4, 4-trimethylhexamethyleneterephthalamide or poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide. Block copolymers of the above polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, for example with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol. Polyamides or copolyamides modified also with EPDM or ABS; and polyamides condensed during processing ("RIM-polyamide systems").

It is also possible to use aromatic polyamides such as PA4T, PA6T, PA9T, PA10T, PA11T and/or MXD6, amorphous polyamides such as 6I/X and TPE-a being "hard" and "soft".

Preferably, the polymers are also polyureas, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.

Preferably, the polymer is a polyester derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and/or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones, for example polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate: (2500，2002, Celanese corporation;BASF corporation), poly-1, 4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoates, and block polyetheresters derived from polyethers having hydroxyl end groups; also polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS.

Preferably, the polymers are polycarbonates and polyester carbonates and polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones.

Preferably, the polymer is a crosslinked polymer derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenol, urea or melamine on the other hand, such as phenol-formaldehyde-resins, urea-formaldehyde-resins and melamine-formaldehyde-resins.

Preferably, the polymer is a drying and non-drying alkyd resin.

Preferably, the polymer is an unsaturated polyester resin derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinking agents, and halogen-containing flame-retardant modifications thereof.

Preferably, the polymer is a crosslinkable acrylic resin derived from a substituted acrylate, such as an epoxy acrylate, a urethane acrylate or a polyester acrylate.

Preferably, the polymers are alkyd, polyester and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine, urea, isocyanate, isocyanurate, polyisocyanate or epoxy resins.

Preferably, the polymer is a crosslinked epoxy resin derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, for example the products of bisphenol-a-diglycidyl ether, bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether, crosslinked by means of customary curing agents, for example anhydrides or amines, with or without accelerators.

Preferably, the polymer is a mixture (blend) of the above-mentioned polymers, for example PP/EPDM, polyamide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS or PBT/PET/PC.

Preferred additives for the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to the invention are, for example, synergists.

According to the invention, melamine phosphate, dimelamine phosphate, pentamelamine triphosphate, dimelamine diphosphate, dimelamine triphosphate, tetrameramine triphosphate, hexamelamine pentaphosphate, melamine diphosphate, melamine tetraphosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melammonium polyphosphate, melemium polyphosphate and/or cyanuramide polyphosphate are preferred as synergists.

Also preferred as synergist are melamine condensation products, such as melam, melem and/or melon.

Also preferred as synergists according to the invention are oligoesters of tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate with aromatic polycarboxylic acids, benzoguanamine, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, allantoin, glycoluril, melamine cyanurate, urea cyanurate, dicyandiamide and/or guanidine.

Preference is given according to the invention as synergist also to compounds of the formula (NH)₄)_yH_3-yPO₄Or (NH)₄PO₃)_zWherein y is equal to 1 to 3 and z is equal to 1 to 10,000.

Preferred further additives in the flame retardant composition according to the invention are zinc compounds, such as zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, tin oxide hydrate, zinc carbonate, zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate, basic zinc silicate, zinc phosphate, zinc borate, zinc molybdate or zinc sulfide.

Preferred further additives in the flame retardant composition according to the invention are selected from carbodiimides and/or (poly) isocyanates.

Preferred further additives are selected from sterically hindered phenols (e.g.OSP 1), sterically hindered amines and light stabilizers (e.g.944，Types), phosphonites and antioxidants (e.g. of Clariant Corp.)P-EPQ) and a separating agent (Clariant Co., Ltd.)Type).

In the flame retardant composition according to the invention, preferred further fillers are oxygen compounds of silicon, magnesium compounds, for example metal carbonates of metals of the second main group of the periodic table of the elements, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, hydrotalcites, dihydrotalcites, magnesium carbonate or calcium magnesium carbonate, calcium compounds, for example calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, hydrocalumite, aluminum compounds, for example aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, boehmite, gibbsite or aluminum phosphate, red phosphorus, zinc compounds or aluminum compounds; and glass fibers and glass beads.

Mixing devices that can be used according to the invention are multi-zone screw extruders with a three-zone screw and/or a short compression screw; including for example co-kneaders from the company of the.

Mixing devices which can be used according to the invention are also twin-screw extruders, such as the Stegat Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer GmbH & Co.KG company (ZSK 25, ZSK30, ZSK 40, ZSK 58, ZSK MEGAcompounder 40, 50, 58, 70, 92, 119, 177, 250, 320, 350, 380) and/or the Hanowerwortorff GmbH company, the Nelumberg Leistritz Extrasutionsechnik GmbH company.

Mixing devices which can be used according to the invention are, for example, the ring Extruder from the company laofen 3+ Extruder GmbH with 3 to 12 rings of small screws rotating around a stationary core and/or the planetary roller Extruder and/or the vented Extruder and/or the cascade Extruder and/or the Maillefer screw, for example from the company boyen 3+ Extruder GmbH.

Mixing devices which can be used according to the invention are, for example, mixers with counter-twin screws of the type Compex 37 or 70 from the company Krauss Maffei Berstorff.

In the case of single-screw extruders or single-screw extruders, the effective screw length according to the invention is from 20 to 40D.

In the case of a multi-zone screw extruder, the effective screw length (L) according to the invention is, for example, 25D, including an entry zone (L ═ 10D), a transition zone (L ═ 6D), and a discharge zone (L ═ 9D).

In the case of a twin-screw extruder, the effective screw length according to the invention is from 8 to 48D.

Preparation, processing and testing of flame-retardant polymer molding materials and plastic moldings.

The flame retardant component is mixed with the polymer pellets and possible additives and the glass fiber reinforced PBT is introduced at a temperature of 230 to 260 ℃ through the side inlet of a twin-screw extruder (type Leistritz ZSE 27/44D), PA 6.6 is introduced at 260-310 ℃ or PA6 is introduced at 250-275 ℃. Glass fibers were added through the second side inlet. The homogenized polymer strand was removed, cooled in a water bath and then pelletized.

After sufficient drying, the molding materials were processed into test specimens on an injection molding machine (Arburg 320C Allrounder type) at a mass temperature of 240 to 300 ℃ and tested for flame retardancy and classification according to the UL 94-test (Underwriter Laboratories).

Identification of telomer and determination of its content:

measurement with Jeol JNM-ECS-400 instrument (400 MHz NMR instrument from GmBH of JEOL (Germany))³¹P-NMR spectrum. 100-150mg of sample was dissolved in 2ml of 10 wt% NaOD/D by slightly heating the sample to about 40 deg.C₂And (4) in O. To a great opening¹H decoupling mode measurements were made using 2048 scans.

Can be selected from³¹Obtaining telomers by P-NMR spectroscopy³¹P-NMR signal.³¹The integral value of P-NMR is given as all of the sample³¹Of P-nuclear meters³¹Percent content of P nuclei. For each substance, these values were multiplied by an independent factor (f ═ MG (telomer of Al salts) divided by 3 × AG (phosphorus)) [ MG: a molecular weight; AG: atomic weight]. All these values and the value of the diethylphosphinate were added and the sum was thus determined. The value for each isomer was multiplied by 100 and divided by the sum to give the telomer content in weight%.

Can be combined by³¹P-NMR and a) intensity of the signal with LC/MS (combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry), b) by targeted synthesis of telomers and intensification with the reference material obtained³¹P sample, or c) by combination³¹P-NMR and¹³C-NMR spectroscopy assigns the chemical structure of telomers to³¹P-NMR signal.

The diethyl phosphinate having a molecular weight of 122g/mol is LC-MS and³¹strongest peak in P-NMR. 122 molecular weight allowed only the structure of diethylphosphinate, found³¹The P-NMR chemical shifts are shown in Table 9. The n-butyl ethyl phosphinate and the sec-butyl ethyl phosphinate in LC-MS have a molecular weight of 150 g/mol. The molecular weights allow only the structure of "n-butyl ethyl phosphinate" and "sec-butyl ethyl phosphinate". LC/MS and³¹n-butyl is stronger than sec-butyl in P-NMRIt is drastic. Thus the signal for n-butyl ethyl phosphinate (diethyl right) is more intense and the signal for sec-butyl ethyl phosphinate (diethyl left) is less intense. The signals found are listed in Table 9.

Tris (n-butyl ethyl phosphinic acid) aluminum is prepared chemically in multiple steps by butyl addition to phosphinic acid followed by ethyl deposition, formation of the sodium salt of butyl ethyl phosphinic acid with sodium hydroxide solution and reaction with aqueous aluminum sulfate solution. The product can be used to identify n-butyl ethyl phosphinate in unknown samples by boosting. The alkyl identity is clearly predetermined by the choice of starting materials.

Can be recorded by¹³C-NMR and DEPT-135-Spectroscopy identify sec-butyl ethyl phosphinate. "DEPT" denotes distortion-free polarization transfer gain method. It is in CH, CH₂And CH₃Useful methods for distinguishing between groups.

Sec-butyl (-CH)₃)-CH₂-CH₃) Characteristic CH group at 33.7ppm gives a signal: (¹Jpc coupling at 91 Hz).¹Jpc coupling is defined as the coupling of a phosphorus core to the nearest carbon core through a covalent bond.

Table 9: of telomers³¹P-NMR chemical shift (chemical shift)

Dialkyl aluminium phosphinate salts	31P-NMR, chemical shift [ ppm]
		Aluminum tris (diethylphosphinate)	50.435-49.785
Tris (isobutylethylphosphine)Acid) aluminum	51.830-51.752
		Aluminum tris (sec-butyl ethyl phosphinate)	49.031-48.866
Tris (n-hexylethylphosphinic) aluminium	48.693-48.693
		Aluminum tris (sec-hexylethylphosphinate)	About 51.72
Aluminum tri (di-n-butylphosphinate)	47.696-47.622
		Aluminum tris (di-sec-butylphosphinate)	52.861-52.861
Aluminum tris (n-octylethylphosphinate)	46.795-46.795

Examples

Example 1

Aluminum diethylphosphinate containing telomer as an additive was prepared by dissolving 2.2kg (20.7 moles) of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate in 8kg (7.62 l) of acetic acid and pre-placing it in a 16 l double-jacketed steel enamel pressure reactor. After heating the reaction mixture to 85 ℃ ethylene was introduced through a pressure reducing valve adjusted to 7bar until saturation in the reactor. The reaction was started by metering in a solution of 56g (1 mol%) of 2,2' -azabicyclo (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride in 250ml of water with constant stirring and was controlled by the metering rate of the free-radical initiator such that the reaction temperature in the reactor at a jacket temperature of 80 ℃ with a continuous supply of ethylene at a medium pressure of about 7bar did not exceed 95 ℃. The metering time was 3 hours in total. Then post-reacted for 3h at 85 ℃. The reactor was vented and cooled to room temperature.

The solution obtained is substantially freed of the solvent acetic acid on a rotary evaporator and then mixed with 15.9l of water. 4333g (6.9 mol Al) of an aqueous aluminum sulfate solution having an Al content of 4.3% by weight were introduced within three hours. The solid obtained is then filtered, washed 2 times with 2l of water each time and dried under vacuum at 130 ℃.

The product contained 15.9 wt.% aluminum butylethylphosphinate and 0.2 wt.% residual moisture.

Example 2

The process was carried out according to example 1 using 3bar ethylene pressure and 95.2g of sodium peroxodisulfate. The product contained 5.8 weight percent of aluminum ethylphosphonate.

Example 3

After depressurization and cooling, 800g of the solution obtained as in example 1 are diluted with 2500ml of acetic acid and 42g (0.54 mol) of aluminum hydroxide are then added. Then heated with reflux for about 4 hours, cooled and filtered. The solid obtained is washed with 1 l of acetic acid and then dried under vacuum at 130 ℃. The product contained 5.8 wt.% aluminum acetate.

Example 4 (comparative)

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite (amounts in table 1) were weighed into polyethylene bottles to obtain about 1kg of flame retardant mixture. The mixture was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was achieved.

Examples 5 to 13

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing telomer additions (amounts in table 1) were weighed in polyethylene bottles to obtain about 1kg of flame retardant mixture, respectively, and the mixture was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was achieved. The tests show that the products of examples 5 to 13 have a more uniform free-flow than the product of comparative example 4 without additives. The combination of aluminum butylethylphosphinate and secondary aluminum phosphite (example 6) or the combination of aluminum butylethylphosphinate and alkali metal-aluminum-mixed phosphite (example 12) showed particularly good results.

Examples 14 and 15

Aluminum diethylphosphinate containing telomer addition and Al were weighed into polyethylene bottles₂(HPO₃)₃*4H₂Mixtures of O and the sodium aluminum phosphite of examples 80 or 81 (previously dried at 220 ℃ to 0.5 wt.% residual moisture) to give about 1kg of flame-retardant mixture, which was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was reached.

Examples 16 to 24

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing sulfate additives were weighed in a polyethylene bottle to obtain about 1kg of flame retardant mixture, which was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was reached. The tests show that the products of examples 16 to 24 have a more uniform free-flow than the product of comparative example 4 without additives.

Examples 25 to 33

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing phosphate additives were weighed in a polyethylene bottle to obtain about 1kg of flame retardant mixture, which was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was reached. The tests show that the products of examples 25 to 33 have a more uniform free-flow than the product of comparative example 4 without additives.

Examples 34 to 42

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing phosphonate additives were weighed in a polyethylene bottle to obtain about 1kg of a flame retardant mixture. The mixture was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was achieved. The test shows a more homogeneous free-flowing behavior than the product of comparative example 4 without additives.

Examples 43 to 51

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing nitrate additives were weighed into a polyethylene bottle to obtain about 1kg of a flame retardant mixture. The mixture was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was achieved. The test shows a more homogeneous free-flowing behavior than the product of comparative example 4 without additives.

Examples 52 to 60

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing chloride additives were weighed into a polyethylene bottle to obtain about 1kg of a flame retardant mixture. The mixture was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was achieved. The test shows a more homogeneous free-flowing behavior than the product of comparative example 4 without additives.

Examples 61 to 69

Aluminum diethylphosphinate and aluminum phosphite containing acetate additives were weighed into polyethylene bottles to obtain about 1kg of flame retardant mixture. The mixture was mixed in an overhead mixer for about 2 hours until homogeneity was achieved. The test shows a more homogeneous free-flowing behavior than the product of comparative example 4 without additives.

Example 70

A mixture of 50% by weight of polyamide 6.6, 20% by weight of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture of example 12 and 30% by weight of glass fibers was processed into a flame-retardant polymer molding material according to the general procedure. After drying, the molding material is processed on an injection molding machine to give polymer moldings. The UL-94 rating of V-0 is determined.

Examples 71 to 77

Flame-retardant polymer molding materials based on polyamide 6, polyamide 4.6 and polybutylene terephthalate were processed according to example 70. After drying, the molding material is processed on an injection molding machine to give polymer moldings. The UL-94 rating of V-0 is determined.

Table 8: composition of flame-retardant polymer molding material and UL 94 flame retardancy test of flame-retardant polymer molded product

Polybutylene terephthalate:2500, Ticona Corp

Polyamide 6.6:a3 BASF corporation

Polyamide 6:7301 Du Pont corporation

Polyamide 4.6:PA 46, DSM Corp

Glass fiber PBT:EC 10983, Saint-Gobain Co

Glass fiber PA: PPG 3540, PPG Industries, Inc

Glass fiber PA 46:995, Saint-Gobain Co

Example 78

A3 molar solution of Na2HPO3 and a2 molar solution of Al2(SO4)3 were crystallized in aqueous solution at 150 ℃ and pH 6.1 over 3h, filtered and air dried. X-ray powder diffraction studies were performed on sodium aluminum phosphite. With stoichiometry of Al_2.0Na_0.6(HPO₃)_2.89*0.28H₂O。

Example 78:

x-ray powder data for sodium aluminum phosphite

Example 79

3 mol of Na₂HPO₃Solution and 2 mol Al₂(SO₄)₃The solution was crystallized in aqueous solution at 150 ℃ and pH 3.5 over 3h, filtered and air dried.

Example 80

3 mol of Na₂HPO₃Solution and 2 mol Al₂(SO₄)₃The solution was crystallized in aqueous solution at 150 ℃ and pH 3.5 over 3h, filtered and air dried.

Example 81

3 mol of Na₂HPO₃Solutions and 2.01 mol of Al₂(SO₄)₃The solution was crystallized in aqueous solution at 150 ℃ and pH 2.5 over 3h, filtered and air dried.

Example 82

3 mol of Na₂HPO₃Solution and 2.1 mol Al₂(SO₄)₃The solution was crystallized in aqueous solution at 150 ℃ and pH 1 over 6h, filtered and air dried.

Example 82:

Al₂(HPO₃)₃*4H₂x-ray powder data of O

Angle 2Th]	Height [ cts ]]
11.7777	345.54
		13.6143	1270.15
14.7988	993.31
		15.3862	494.47
16.2983	596.21
		20.2051	1455.68
22.5312	1405.43
		32.9021	1440.39

Examples 78 to 82:

Al₂(HPO₃)₃*4H₂x-ray powder data for mixtures of O and sodium aluminum phosphite

Claims (12)

1. Halogen-free flame retardant mixture comprising 1 to 99 wt.% of component A and 1 to 99 wt.% of component B, wherein component A comprises 85 to 99.995 wt.% of a solid diethylphosphinate of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or protonated nitrogen-containing base and 0.005 to 15 wt.% of a non-combustible additive, and component B is aluminum phosphite, wherein the aluminum phosphite is an aluminum phosphite of the formula (I), (II) and/or (III)

Al₂(HPO₃)₃x(H₂O)_q(I)

Wherein

q represents a number of 0 to 4,

Al_2.00M_z(HPO₃)_y(OH)_vx(H₂O)_w(II)

wherein

M represents an alkali metal ion

z represents 0.01 to 1.5

y represents 2.63 to 3.5

v represents 0 to 2, and

w represents a number of 0 to 4,

Al_2.00(HPO₃)_u(H₂PO₃)_tx(H₂O)_s(III)

wherein

u represents 2 to 2.99

t represents 2 to 0.01, and

s represents a number of atoms from 0 to 4,

and/or a mixture of aluminium phosphite of formula (I) with a poorly soluble aluminium salt and a nitrogen-free foreign ion, a mixture of aluminium phosphite of formula (III) with an aluminium salt, aluminium phosphite [ Al (H)₂PO₃)₃]Is aluminum para-phosphite [ Al ]₂(HPO₃)₃]Basic aluminum phosphite [ Al (OH) (H)₂PO₃)₂*2aq]Is aluminum phosphite tetrahydrate [ Al ]₂(HPO₃)₃*4aq]Being aluminium phosphonate, being Al₇(HPO₃)₉(OH)₆(1, 6-hexanediamine)_1.5*12H₂O is Al₂(HPO₃)₃*xAl₂O₃*nH₂O is Al₄H₆P₁₆O₁₈And/or 0 to 99.9% by weight of Al₂(HPO₃)₃*nH₂A mixture of O and 0.1 to 100 weight percent sodium aluminum phosphite, wherein x is 2.27 to 1; and wherein the non-combustible additive is a sulfate; the sulfate is sodium sulfate, sodium aluminum sulfate, alunite, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, cerium sulfate, ferric sulfate, potassium bisulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, mono-lithium sulfate, titanium sulfate, zinc sulfate, tin sulfate, zirconium sulfate and/or hydrate thereof.

2. The halogen-free flame retardant mixture of claim 1 comprising 20 to 80 weight percent of component a and 20 to 80 weight percent of component B.

3. Halogen free flame retardant mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that component a comprises 92 to 99.9 wt. -% aluminium diethylphosphinate and 0.5 to 8 wt. -% non-combustible additives.

4. Halogen free flame retardant mixture according to any one or more of claims 1-3, characterised in that the aluminium phosphite is 50-99 wt.% Al₂(HPO₃)₃x(H₂O)_qAnd 1-50% by weight of sodium aluminum phosphite, wherein q represents 0 to 4.

5. Halogen free flame retardant mixture according to any one or more of claims 1-4, characterised in that the aluminium phosphite is 50-99 wt.% Al₂(HPO₃)₃x(H₂O)_qAnd 1-50 wt% Al_2.00M_z(HPO₃)_y(OH)_vx(H₂O)_w(II) the mixture of (II) wherein q represents 0 to 4, M represents sodium, z represents 0.005 to 0.15, y represents 2.8 to 3.1, v represents 0 to 0.4 and w represents 0 to 4.

6. Halogen free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that component A has a median particle size d50 of 0.05 to 10 μm and component B has a median particle size d50 of 0.05 to 10 μm and a residual moisture of 0.05 to 8% by weight.

7. Process for preparing the flame-retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that components A and B are each mixed with one another in powder form and optionally sieved.

8. Use of the halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6 as an intermediate product for further synthesis, as a synergist, as an adhesive, as a crosslinking agent or accelerator in the curing of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, unsaturated polyester resins, as a polymer stabilizer, as a plant protectant, as a chelating agent, as a mineral oil additive, as an anticorrosive agent, in detergent and cleaning agent applications, in electronic applications, in or as a flame retardant, as a flame retardant for varnishes and foaming coatings, in or as a flame retardant for wood and other cellulose-containing products, in or as a reactive and/or non-reactive flame retardant for polymers, in the preparation of flame retardant polymer molding materials, in the preparation of flame retardant polymer moldings and/or in the rendering of polyester and cellulose pure and blended fabrics flame retardant by impregnation and/or as in other flame retardant mixtures The synergist of (1).

9. Flame retardant thermoplastic or thermoset polymer molding materials, polymer moldings, polymer films, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibers comprising from 0.1 to 45% by weight of the halogen free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, from 55 to 99.9% by weight of a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer or mixtures thereof, from 0 to 55% by weight of additives and from 0 to 55% by weight of fillers or reinforcing materials, wherein the sum of the components is 100% by weight.

10. Flame retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer moulding material, polymer moulding, polymer film, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibres comprising 1 to 30 wt% of the halogen free flame retardant mixture according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, 10 to 97 wt% of a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or mixture thereof, 1 to 30 wt% of additives and 1 to 30 wt% of fillers or reinforcing materials, wherein the sum of the components is 100 wt%.

11. Flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer moulding material, polymer moulding, polymer film, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibres comprising a halogen-free flame retardant mixture according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the polymer is a polystyrene-HI (high impact), polyphenylene ether, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate type thermoplastic polymer and a blend or polymer blend of ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or PC/ABS (polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or PPE/HIPS (polyphenylene ether/polystyrene-HI) plastic type and/or is a thermosetting polymer of unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin type.

12. Flame retardant thermoplastic or thermoset polymer moulding material, polymer moulding, polymer film, polymer filaments and/or polymer fibres according to one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the polymer is polyamide 4/6 (poly (tetramethylene adipamide), poly- (tetramethylene-adipamide)), polyamide 6 (polycaprolactam, poly-6-aminocaproic acid), polyamide 6/6 (poly (N, N' -hexamethylene adipamide)) and/or HTN (high temperature nylon).