HK40000142B - Textiles having flame protection function - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to flame retardant foam coatings for textile surface products, the coatings of which include salt-reduced plate-shaped foam graphite with a particle size of > 80% by weight and a diameter of at least 0.2 mm and/or a minimum of 70% with a mesh size > 50 Mesh (0.3 mm), at least one binder and at least one foam stabilizer, and the methods of their manufacture, their use in the manufacture of textile surface products and textile surface products with such flame retardant foam coatings.

State of the art

Fire protection clothing is the basic equipment for people who are exposed to fire and heat in case of fire or other extreme situations. Optimal fire protection clothing is characterized by protection against various external influences, especially fire and heat. This results in self-extinguishing behavior (Limiting Oxygen Index LOI (oxygen index) >25%), preventing the formation of holes, insulation in case of emergency and shape stability. At the same time, fire protection clothing must have various performance characteristics that are not available in the classic, inherently flame retardant fibers.

In the event of fire or when exposed to high temperatures, the particles of the blown graphite expand and increase their volume by many times. The in-situ layer formed by the expanded blown graphite, for example on a textile substrate, protects this textile substrate very efficiently by preventing the oxygen or flame and flame formation and, in addition, by the lower diameters of the blown graphite substrate, it provides a very good thermal insulation (which can only be used to protect the substrate from heat expansion) and is very poorly protected from the spread of the heat.

Flame retardant coatings based on blown graphite are used for a variety of applications, including fire retardant panels, intumerable building materials, and fire retardant coatings that self-foam in the event of a fire and protect the object to be protected from the heat of the fire.

However, despite decades of experience and research, available flame retardant coatings for textiles are either not sufficiently effective and/or have low wear comfort (inflexibility, weight, limited freedom of movement) and/or may be toxicologically problematic. The use of inherently flame retardant textiles (such as aramid, modacrylic or viscous FR fibres) is generally limited by their low abrasion resistance, limited colouration, limited textile surface wear and known high price. In some applications of blown graphite as a flame retardant in textile coatings, the wear resistance is therefore severely limited.

Therefore, the supply of functional flame retardants in general and in particular on a blown graphite basis for textiles remains low.

Purpose of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known flame retardant textiles described above and to provide a coating with increased flame retardant for textile surface products.

The invention is also intended to provide a method for the manufacture of such flame retardant coatings.

A further function of the invention is to provide flame retardant textile surface products with flame retardant coatings according to the invention.

A further purpose of the invention is to provide flame retardant textile surface products which, in addition to enhanced flame protection, also have a high water vapour permeability and high respiratory activity, are flexible and thus have a high degree of freedom of movement and action. A further purpose of the invention is to provide flame retardant textile surface products which, in addition to enhanced flame protection, have an optical protection function based on light colours (according to ISO EN 20471) and are thus visually striking and easily perceptible.

The invention also seeks to provide a method for the manufacture of such textile surface products.

The present invention is based on the characteristics of the independent claims and further advantages of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

The following shall be considered as part of the invention:

The manufacture of commercially available inflatable graphite is known. By chemical treatment of graphite, treatment agents such as sulphur and nitrogen compounds are deposited in the grid structure of the graphite, making the graphite inflatable.

In accordance with the present method, the commercially available inflatable graphite (hereinafter referred to as standard inflatable graphite) is now subjected to a further treatment step, by a post-wash process, preferably by wet scrubbing, which allows the controlled reduction of the washable salt content to less than 0.8%; preferably the washable salt content is reduced to less than 0.5% and preferably less than 0.2%.

In a preferred embodiment, the standard inflated graphite is washed with water.

The salt content can be determined or confirmed by a modified soxhlet extraction according to DIN EN ISO 13944 using distilled water instead of an organic solvent.

This post-treatment or desalination can be used to produce textile coatings using a larger plate size foam coating. This post-treatment prevents salts (such as sulphuric acid, nitrate and nitrate salts) present on the surface of the foam graphite plate from having negative effects on the foam coating, such as coagulation. The larger plate size increases the surface expansion volume and pressure exponentially and the proportion of foam graphite in the coating can be reduced for better protection. In contrast to the previously used surface coating, the foam can be further increased by the expansion of the textile material without the need for a flame expansion, which can increase the flame protection performance and thus the flame protection from the expansion of the material.

By reducing the washable salt content of the foam graphite (or the resulting foam coating), larger foam graphite plates can be used in the flame retardant coatings of the invention and, for the first time, continuous coatings can be produced covering the entire surface, with a multi-fold expansion and a correspondingly thicker in-situ coating, which provides the exposed person with a correspondingly higher, excellent protection against flame effects.

The inflated graphite used as starting material in the process of the invention is produced in particular from flake graphite by acid treatment. This inflated graphite consists essentially of carbon and of minor additions of natural rock constituents and minerals.

Blast graphite of different technical specifications may be used: for example, the blast graphite may have a carbon content of at least 90%, in particular, at least 92% and preferably at least 98%, and the ash content in the blast graphite may be chosen to be no more than 10%, in particular, no more than 8% and preferably no more than 2%.

According to the present invention, at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, 95% of the blown graphite prefers the form of plates with a mean diameter of at least 0.2 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 2.0 mm, most preferably between 0.3 and 0.5 mm, and a thickness of < 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, preferably 0.05 mm, and/or at least 70% of the blown graphite has a mesh size > 50 mesh (0.3 mm). The increased expansion resulting from the increase in plate size is, in relation to a temperature of 1000 °C, at least 40 ml/g, preferably at least 100 ml/g and preferably at least 300 ml/g, with the starting temperature at which the expansion begins, preferably between 160 °C and 200 °C, and preferably at 180 °C and 200 °C.

These characteristics of the blown graphite, in particular the larger plate sizes made possible by the reduced salt content, have a direct influence on the expansion rate, which increases by many times, which means increased flame protection.

For the manufacture of the flame retardant coating according to the invention, the binder is presented and mixed with the blown graphite and the foam stabilizer to form a paste. If desired or necessary, additional additives are added to improve the manufacturability and suitability of the coating material, such as netting, pigment and fluorocarbon. Optional additives with additional functions (resistance to acids, lye, solvent, light protection, radical catcher, etc.) can then be added in a stirring process.

The binders used in the process of the invention are polyurethanes, polyacrylates or polyvinyl acetates, preferably polyurethanes with a molecular weight of < 700 g/mol, obtained by the conversion of polyurethane-chemically known multi-value, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic isocyanates, such as hexandiisocyanate, the various isomers of the toluene diisocyanate, diethyl methyl isocyanate with compounds containing at least 2 in particular at least 3 reactive functional groups X-H (X = N, O, S) and a molecular weight range of approximately 100 to 6000. Such compounds are known as higher molecular reactive compounds, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyamide, polyamide, triethylene oxide, but are also known as higher molecular compounds, such as polyethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide, triethylene oxide

The polyurethane dispersions are preferably solids with a solid content of 30 to 70% by weight, in particular about 50% by weight. The polyol component is preferably various polyester polyols and polyether polyols, such as Pluriol®P 2000 (BASF) and Car@36-3 (Shell). The polyols can also be flame retardant polyols, such as those containing phosphate or halogen groups. Isocyanate components include 4,4'-dihydroxyethylenedioxylanedioxylanedioxy (CHDI), the dimethyl dioxylenedioxylanedioxylanedioxy (CHDI), the dimethyl dioxylanedioxylanedioxy (CHDI), or other polymers, such as polyurethane, but can also be used in the manufacture of polyester polyols (CHDI, CHDI, CHDI, CHDI, CHDI, CHDI, CHDI, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CHR, CH

The binding agent is preferably used in a quantity of 20 to 70% by weight of the paste, preferably 30 to 50% by weight

The foam stabilisers used in the process of the invention are generally a preparation of ammonium and alkylamine starate and special surfactants, in particular Dicrylan Stabilizer 7805 (ERBA AG, Zurich, CH).

The foam stabiliser is preferably used in a quantity of 10 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of the total mass of the paste.

In addition, inorganic and/or organic colours and pigments and/or other additives may be added to the paste.

For example, the paste includes a net in preferred embodiments. The net can be used as an aminoplast resin or a blocked isocyanate according to the invention. Suitable aminoplast resins or blocked isocyanates are, for example, the well-known commercial products Knittex CHN (ERBA) or Phobol XAN (ERBA). The melamine formaldehyde resins, especially alkyl modified melamine/formaldehyde derivatives, are preferred. The melamine/formaldehyde derivatives are usually in powder form or pre-filled in aqueous solutions, which are solids with a net content of 10 to 50% by weight, 20 to 30% by weight.

The net is preferably used in a quantity of 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight of the total mass of the paste.

In other preferred embodiments, the paste may contain additional pigments, which may be inorganic or organic.

White pigments are preferred as water-soluble dispersion. Black pigments are all types of pigments, such as gas rust, acetylene rust, thermal rust, furnace rust and flame rust, especially flame rust. Black pigments are preferred as an aqueous dispersion with a solid content of 10 to 60%, preferably 20 to 40%.

In other embodiments, thickeners may be added to the paste to adjust viscosity. Common thickeners such as alginates, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, silicates and layer silicates (e.g. concreteite), kaolin, and the like are suitable. Thickeners used according to the invention are preferably alginates, hydroxymethyl cellulose or acrylic acid thickeners, especially neutralized acrylic acid thickeners, where the viscosity is adjusted to a range of 10 to 30 dPas, preferably from about 20 dPas.

Preferably, the thickener is used in a quantity of 0 to 10% by weight, preferably in a quantity of 2 to 6% by weight of the total mass of the paste.

In other embodiments, the paste contains a fluorocarbon to reduce moisture absorption and spring tendency. The fluorocarbon can be a partial or perfluorinated polymer. Both homo- and copolymers are suitable.

Examples of commercially available fluorocarbons include, for example, Tubiguard, Evoral®, Oleophobol, Scotchguard, Repellan, Ruco-Guard, Unidyne, Quecophob and Nuva, among others.

Preferably, the fluorocarbon is used in a quantity of 0.1 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably in a quantity of 1 to 5% by weight in relation to the total weight of the paste.

In other embodiments, the paste may contain additional additives such as emulsifiers, anti-glare agents, and/or additional fillers such as chalk (to reduce cost).

In another embodiment, the paste may contain red phosphorus, preferably in the form of microcapsules. When in contact with the flame, the red phosphorus burns much faster than the textile fabric, which significantly increases the rate of temperature rise and consequently heats the blown graphite more quickly. This expands the blown graphite earlier and thus increases the flame retardant effect. In addition, the combustion of red phosphorus produces various phosphorus oxides, mostly phosphorus pentoxide, which drain the material and provide it with flame.

Preferably, red phosphorus is used in a quantity of 5 to 20% by weight of the total mass of the paste.

It is immediately apparent that the various additives may overlap structurally.

The paste is continuously foamed before application to the textile support, usually mechanically. This can be done in a foam generator by blowing compressed air and beating between a rotor and a stator. Another option is to foam the paste in a foam mixer with high shear forces. Preferably a Hansa ECO-MIX (Hansamixer) is used. The foaming is carried out in such a way that the resulting foam density, depending on the area of use, for compressed foams is between 80 and 300 g/l, preferably 80 to 200 g/l, preferably 100 to 150 g/l. For stable foams the recommended ranges are between 150 and 600 g/l, although the specialist is not particularly familiar with the preferred use and the preferred use cannot be specified.

The foam coating process is carried out using a foam ordering system by means of a roller rake, air rake, variopress or preferably with a roller rake. The foam is pumped before the coating rake, where a coating is carried out which can be regulated by the chosen gap thickness in the edge. The gap thicknesses are usually in the range of about 0.5 to 3 mm, generally preferably 1 mm, although the specialist may also vary from this size depending on the application.

The foam is generally applied to a textile in a layer thickness of < 2 mm, preferably about 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mm. The layer thickness is usually matched to the maximum size of the graphite particles, so that the gap is preferably at least 1.6 times the maximum particle size. The amount of foam coating to be applied varies according to the desired property of the textile surface product of the invention and is approximately 20 to 400 g/m2, with the expert being aware that the preferred range is again derived from the area of application and cannot be specified in a general way.

In the first step, the resulting foam is dried in the clamping frame at temperatures, usually lower than 80 to 100 °C (to avoid cross-linking of the polymer binder used). At the end of the clamping frame, the dried foam is squeezed through two rollers, which decomposes the foam and squeezes it into a membrane-like layer.

In the case of stable foam coatings with higher density, the paste is continuously foamed and applied to the textile as with the unstable foam described above. The stable foams are also carefully dried in the frame at about 80 to 100 °C. As an additional increase in the stability of the foam, a partial or complete networking can be achieved by adjusting the rear frame fields to a higher temperature of about 120 to 170 °C.

A complete networking can be achieved by an additional condensation step at a temperature of about 130 to 170 °C. Stable foams are useful when, in addition to flame protection, haptic (e.g. a foam handle), optical (e.g. a neoprene-like optics) or other requirements are placed on the textile.

The flame retardant coating is particularly suitable for goods as outerwear. Basically any textile substrate can be used as a support material. Suitable textile substrates are, for example, woven, knitted or wool-like textile support materials or a combination thereof. Fibers of vegetable or animal origin, chemical fibres, fibres from synthetic polymers, inorganic chemical fibres, preferably cotton, synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyacrylic, elastane, polyester and/or polyethylene have proven to be suitable for the outerwear. It is understood that inflatable materials are suitable for a coating with foam grease and the flame retardant is beneficial.

A flame retardant textile surface product of the invention consists of several layers, the first layer being a textile support layer, and another layer may be, for example, a flame retardant coating of the invention applied to the textile support layer as described above.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer garment may be partially (in certain patterns) or entirely coloured with luminous colours to ensure (according to EN ISO 20471) good visibility of the garment in a variety of environmental conditions.

As a further layer, one or more water vapour permeable, breathable membranes, preferably microporous PTFE, may be placed at appropriate locations to give the textile breathability.

The following sample formulae are intended to be representative embodiments only and not to be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention; in addition to these formulae, the whole description gives the practitioner various possible modifications and alterations which also fall within the scope of the claims.

Examples Example 1: Unstable foam

Gew.-%	Bestandteil	Beispiel
35%	Binder: Aliphatische Polyesterurethan-Dispersion, 50% Feststoffgehalt, wie auch aromatische oder auch Polyetherurethane; alternativ Polyacrylat-Dispersionen (sehr gute Hydrolysebeständigkeit) oder andere Kunstharz-Dispersionen. Vorzugsweise als wässrige Dispersionen.	Dicrylan PGS
15%	Schaumstabilisator: Zubereitung aus Ammonium- und Alkylaminstearat und speziellen Tensiden	Dicrylan Stabilisator 7805
1%	Pigment: Wässrige Flammruss-Dispersion
3%	Vernetzer: Alkylmodifiziertes Melamin/Formaldehyd-Derivat in wässriger Lösung. Alternativ auch Dispersionen von blockierten oder freien Isocyanaten.	Knittex CHN
41%	Blähgraphit

The above formula is foamed to an unstable foam at 140 g/l and applied to the textile at a clearance of 1 mm and a coating of 50 g/m2.

Example 2: Unstable foam The applicant shall provide the technical documentation referred to in point (a) of Article 4 (1) of this Regulation.

Gew.-%	Bestandteil	Beispiel
55%	Binder: Aliphatische Polyesterurethan-Dispersion, 50% Feststoffgehalt, wie auch aromatische oder auch Polyetherurethane; alternativ Polyacrylat-Dispersionen (sehr gute Hydrolysebeständigkeit) oder andere Kunstharz-Dispersionen. Vorzugsweise als wässrige Dispersionen.	Dicrylan PGS
25%	Schaumstabilisator: Zubereitung aus Ammonium- und Alkylaminstearat und speziellen Tensiden	Dicrylan Stabilisator 7805
15%
5%	Vernetzer: Alkylmodifiziertes Melamin/Formaldehyd-Derivat in wässriger Lösung. Alternativ auch Dispersionen von blockierten oder freien Isocyanaten.	Knittex CHN

The above formula is foamed to an unstable foam at 140 g/l and applied to the textile at a clearance of 0.2 mm and a coating of 30 g/m2.

2. coating layer

Gew.-%	Bestandteil	Beispiel
35%	Binder: Aliphatische Polyesterurethan-Dispersion, 50% Feststoffgehalt, wie auch aromatische oder auch Polyetherurethane; alternativ Polyacrylat-Dispersionen (sehr gute Hydrolysebeständigkeit) oder andere Kunstharz-Dispersionen. Vorzugsweise als wässrige Dispersionen.
15%	Schaumstabilisator: Zubereitung aus Ammonium- und Alkylaminstearat und speziellen Tensiden
1%	Pigment: Wässrige Flammruss-Dispersion
3%	Vernetzer: Alkylmodifiziertes Melamin/Formaldehyd-Derivat in wässriger Lösung. Alternativ auch Dispersionen von blockierten oder freien Isocyanaten
41%	Blähgraphit

The above formula is foamed to an unstable foam at 140 g/l and applied at 1 mm clearance and 50 g/m2 coating surface.

Example 3: Goods for outerwear (standard)

The product is made from a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene.

Manufacturing steps:

Coating Left on topcoating with feeddrying at 80-100 °C rising (60-180 s Remaining time, optimum 105 s Remaining time, surface temperature 80-90 °C) Pressing in the outlet (crushing from the foam to a membrane-like layer) then condensing at 150 °C (Remaining time 45-90 s at temperatures > 140 °C)

30-40%	Dicrylan PGS (ERBA)	Polyurethan Binder
10%	Wasser
15%-20%	Dicrylan Stabilisator 7805	Schaumstabilisator
1-5%	Tubiguard BS	Fluorcarbon
0.1-2%	Pigment
1-5%	Knittex CHN	Vernetzer
20-30%	Blähgraphit	Flammschutz-Aktivstoff

=> 140 g/l foaming, 1 mm gap height, 50 g/m2 coating layer, unstable foam (see below) Example 4: Goods for outerwear in warning colours or for light colours

Oberware:	100% Polyester in Leinwand-Bindung
Futter:	45% Baumwolle, 55% Modacryl FR in Jersey-Strick

Manufacturing steps:

Coating left on top with white foam to achieve the required standards (EN ISO 20471) for light colours and/or optics for bright coloursDrying at 80-100 °C increasing (30-120 s, preferably 45 s, surface temperature 80-90 °C)Squeeze out (crushing the foam into a membrane-like layer) Then coating left on top with feedSqueeze out (squeeze out) at 150 °C (preferably 105 s, surface temperature 80-90 °C)

The formula:

30-40%	Dicrylan PGS (ERBA)	PolyurethanBinder
0-10%	Wasser
15%-20%	Dicrylan Stabilisator 7805	Schaumstabilisator
1-5%	Tubiguard BS	Fluorcarbon
1-10%	Weisspigment	Titandioxid
1-5%	Knittex CHN	Vernetzer

=> 140 g/l foaming, 0.2 mm gap height, 20 g/m2 coating layer, unstable foam (see above)

2. coating layer

30-40%	Dicrylan PGS (ERBA)	Polyurethan Binder
10%	Wasser
15-20%	Dicrylan Stabilisator 7805	Schaumstabilisator
1-5%	Tubiguard BS	Fluorcarbon
0.1-2%	Pigment
1-5%	KnittexCHN	Vernetzer
5-30%	Blähgraphit	Flammschutz-Aktivstoff

=> 140 g/l foaming, 1 mm gap height, 50 g/m2 coating layer, unstable foam (see above) Example 5: Foam with red phosphorus

30-40%	Dicrylan PGS (ERBA)	Polyurethan Binder
0-10%	Wasser
15-20%	Dicrylan Stabilisator 7805	Schaumstabilisator
1-5%	Tubiguard BS	Fluorcarbon
0.1-2%	Pigment
1-5%	Knittex CHN	Vernetzer
20-30%	Blähgraphit	Flammschutz-Aktivstoff
5-10%	EXOLIT RP 607	Mikroverkapselter roter Phosphor

Other Other Other => 140 g/l foaming, 1 mm gap height, 50 g/m2 coating layer, unstable foam (see above)

Claims (16)

1. Process for producing a flame-retardant, textile sheet product containing a textile carrier layer, comprising the steps of:

   a) reduction of the washing-removable salt content of platelet-form expandable graphite by additional washing, preferably to a proportion of below 0.8%, preferably to below 0.5%, particularly preferably to below 0.2%, with platelet-form expandable graphite with an average platelet diameter of at least 0.5 mm, preferably 0.5-3.0 mm, and/or with a minimum proportion of 70% having a mesh size of > 50 mesh (0.3 mm) being selected,

   b) production of a paste consisting of at least one binder, at least one foam stabilizer and expandable graphite which has been reduced in salt content as specified in a),

   c) mechanical foaming of a paste produced as per b),

   d) coating of a textile carrier layer with a foam produced as per c),

   e) drying of the foam layer, and

   f) optionally pressing of the foam layer after drying.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a woven, knitted or nonwoven-like textile carrier layer is coated in step d).
3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step e) the drying is carried out at a temperature of 80-100°C to produce an unstable foam.
4. Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drying is carried out at a temperature of 80-100°C and crosslinking is carried out at 120-170°C in step e) to produce a stable foam.
5. Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating is effected in step d) using an amount of foam of from 20 to 400 g/m² and/or with a layer thickness of from 0.2 to 5 mm.
6. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product produced by a process of Claims 1-5, characterized in that the flame-retardant coating contains platelet-form expandable graphite having a proportion of washing-removable salt content of below 0.8%, at least one binder and at least one foam stabilizer.
7. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product produced according to Claim 6, characterized in that the proportion of expandable graphite in the flame-retardant coating is between 5 and 50% by weight.
8. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to either of Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the proportion of the at least one polyurethane binder is between 30 and 50% by weight.
9. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to any of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the proportion of the at least one foam stabilizer is between 10 and 20% by weight.
10. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to any of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the expandable graphite has an expansion of from 40 to 400 ml/g at a temperature of 1000°C.
11. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to any of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the flame-retardant coating contains 5-30% by weight of platelet-form expandable graphite, 30-50% by weight of at least one polyurethane binder and 10-20% by weight of at least one foam stabilizer.
12. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to any of Claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the flame-retardant coating additionally contains at least one pigment and/or at least one crosslinker and/or at least one fluorocarbon and/or red phosphorus.
13. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to any of Claims 6 to 12, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coatings, with the first layer being a textile carrier layer on which at least one coating consisting of the flame-retardant coating according to any of the preceding claims is applied.
14. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to Claim 13, characterized in that at least one coating is permeable to water vapour and breathable.
15. Flame-retardant, textile sheet product according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the flame-retardant textile sheet product comprises an outer material, wherein the outer material is partly or entirely coloured with luminous dyes.
16. Use of flame-retardant, textile sheet products according to any of Claims 6 to 15 in the production of flame protection clothing.