HK1236923B - Ultra-high performance concretes having a low cement content - Google Patents
Ultra-high performance concretes having a low cement content Download PDFInfo
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- HK1236923B HK1236923B HK17110596.8A HK17110596A HK1236923B HK 1236923 B HK1236923 B HK 1236923B HK 17110596 A HK17110596 A HK 17110596A HK 1236923 B HK1236923 B HK 1236923B
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Description
The invention relates to hydraulic binders which allow the production of ultra high performance concrete with a low cement content, and mixtures containing this binding agent.
Technological developments in recent years in the field of concrete have led to the development of hydraulic binders which allow the production of concrete with ultra high performance in terms of compressive strength, which usually involve the use of additional materials in addition to cement and granules, such as fibres, organic adjuvants or ultrafine particles.
However, these conventional ultra-high performance concrete have a relatively high cement content, generally 700 kg cement/m23 andConcrete with 1000 kg of cement/m3 andI'm going to use concrete.
The following documents, EP 934 915 A1, EP 2 275 390 A1 and WO2010/109095 A1, disclose very high performance concrete: In EP 934 915 A1, the cement particles have a D50 of about 14 μm.
WO2010/109095 describes a low-portland cement composition, not including silica fumes.
The production of cement, in particular clinker, is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions.
(a) preheating and decarbonation of raw flour obtained by grinding raw materials, such as limestone and clay; and (b) cooking of decarbonated flour at a temperature of about 1450°C, followed by a sudden cooling.
These two steps are CO-producing2 and, on the one hand as a direct product of decarbonation and on the other hand as a by-product of combustion which is used in the cooking stage to provide the temperature rise.
However, the high carbon dioxide emissions from conventional processes of cement and concrete composition production are a major environmental problem and, in the current context, are likely to be severely penalized economically.
There is therefore a strong need for a process that can produce ultra-high performance concrete with associated reduced carbon dioxide emissions.
For this purpose, the present invention proposes a hydraulic binder comprising by mass:
17 to 55% of Portland cement with particles of D50 between 2 and 11 μm; at least 5% silica fumes; 36 to 70% of mineral additive A1 with particles of D50 between 15 and 150 μm;
the sum of these percentages being between 80 and 100%;
- What?
the sum of the percentages of cement and silica smoke is more than 28%;
- What?
The mineral additive A1 being chosen from the milk products, pozzolanic additives or silica additives such as quartz, silica-limestone mineral additives, limestone additives such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.
The present invention also relates to a mixture containing by volume at least 45% of the hydraulic binder of the invention and at least 30% of sand, the sum of which is 95 to 100%.
The present invention also relates to a hydraulic composition comprising within a volume of 1 m3 andOf a thickness of >= 0,05 mm
155 to 205 litres of water;at least 770 litres of mixture according to the invention;
- What?
The sum of the volumes of these two components is between 950 and 1000 litres.
The invention also proposes a shaped object for the construction industry comprising the hydraulic binder of the invention or the mixture of the invention.
The invention seeks to provide at least one of the following defining advantages:
The invention addresses the need to reduce CO emissions2 andThe quantity of cement (and in particular clinker) used in the present invention is less than that traditionally required for ultra-high performance concrete, up to 148 kg/m23 andof cement by m3 andI'm going to get concrete.
The hydraulic composition of the invention has a high mechanical strength, generally equal to or greater than 90 MPa at 28 days.
Other advantages and features of the invention will be clearly seen by reading the description and examples given for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes below.
The invention relates to a hydraulic binder comprising by mass:
17 to 55% of Portland cement with particles of D50 between 2 and 11 μm; at least 5% silica fumes; 36 to 70% of mineral additive A1 with particles of D50 between 15 and 150 μm;
the sum of these percentages being between 80 and 100%;
- What?
the sum of the percentages of cement and silica smoke is more than 28%;
- What?
The mineral additive A1 being chosen from the milk products, pozzolanic additives or silica additives such as quartz, silica-limestone mineral additives, limestone additives such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.
A hydraulic binder is a material that hardens and hardens by hydration.
The process of taking a hydraulic binder into the solid state is usually carried out by a hydration reaction.
Hardening is usually the acquisition of mechanical strengths from a hydraulic binder.
The hydraulic binder of the invention includes Portland cement, Portland cement of the invention incorporates Portland clinker, and crushed Portland clinker may also be considered as Portland cement, provided that calcium sulphate is added.
The preferred Portland cement is as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 and as described in ASTM C150-12, more preferably CEM I cement.
Preferably, the hydraulic binder of the invention consists of 17 to 50% Portland cement, preferably 18 to 45%, expressed as a percentage by mass of the binder.
The cement suitable for use according to the present invention is generally Portland cement with a BET surface area of 1,20 to 3 m2 and/g, preferably compressed from 1.20 to 2.5 m2 and/g.
The BET specific surface is a measure of the total actual surface area of the particles, which takes into account the presence of relief, irregularities, surface or internal cavities, porosity.
Cements suitable for use according to the present invention are preferably those with a particle D10 of 1 μm to 4 μm, preferably 1 μm to 3 μm, and even more preferably 1 μm to 2,5 μm.
Cements suitable for use according to the present invention are preferably those with a particle D50 of 3 μm to 10 μm, preferably 4 μm to 9 μm.
Cements suitable for use according to the present invention are preferably those with a particle D90 of 8 μm to 25 μm, preferably 9 μm to 24 μm.
D90, also known as DV. Other90, corresponds to 90I 'mThe percentage of the particle size distribution by volume, i.e. 90% of the volume is made up of particles smaller than D90 and 10% larger than D90.
Similarly, D50, also known as DV. Other50 is the same as 50I 'mThe particulate matter is then separated from the particulate matter by a percentage of the particle size distribution by volume, i.e. 50% of the volume is composed of particles smaller than D50 and 50% larger than D50.
Similarly, D10, also known as DV. Other10 is equal to 10I 'mThe percentage of the particle size distribution by volume, i.e. 10% of the volume is made up of particles smaller than D10 and 90% larger than D10.
The D10 or D90 of a particle set can generally be determined by laser particle size measurement for particles smaller than 800 μm, or by screening for particles larger than 63 μm.
Preferably, Portland cement suitable for use according to the present invention has a Blaine specific surface area of 5000 cm or more2 and/g, preferably 6500 cm or more2 and/g.
Portland cement that can be used according to the present invention can be ground and/or separated (by a dynamic separator) to obtain a cement with a specific Blaine surface area of 5000 cm or more2 andThis cement can be described as ultrafine. For example, cement can be ground in two ways.
In the first method, cement or clinker can be ground to a specific surface Blaine 5000-9000 cm2 andA high efficiency second or third generation or very high efficiency separator may be used in this first step to separate cement of the desired fineness and to remove cement of the desired fineness.
A second method is to pass a Portland cement through a very high efficiency separator, called THF (very high fineness), to separate cement particles with a Blaine specific surface area greater than or equal to the target fineness (the target fineness being greater than 5000 cm).2 andCement particles with a specific surface area of less than the target fineness may be used as is. Cement particles with a specific surface area of less than the target fineness may be separated or crushed separately until the desired specific surface area of Blaine is obtained. Grinders which can be used in both methods are for example a ball mill, a roller mill, a roller press, a horizontal grinder (e.g. Horomill© type) or a vertical agitated grinder (e.g. Tower Mill type).
The hydraulic binder of the invention contains silica fumes.
The appropriate silica fume according to the invention may be a by-product of metallurgy and silicon production.
Preferably, the silica fume used according to the present invention may be selected from the silica fume according to European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.7.
Preferably, the hydraulic binder of the invention contains 5 to 45% silica fumes, preferably 5 to 40%, and even more preferably 6 to 30%, expressed as a percentage by mass of the binder.
The hydraulic binder of the invention includes a mineral additive A1 selected from the milk products, pozzolanic additives or silica additives such as quartz, silico-limestone mineral additives, limestone additives such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.
Mineral additives A1 also suitable according to the invention may be selected from milks, possibly crushed, calcined shales, materials containing calcium carbonate, fly ash, zeolites, ash from the combustion of plants, calcined clays and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the mineral additives A1 suitable according to the invention may be fine silica and/or calcium carbonate.
Mineral additives A1 are, for example, calcined shales (e.g. as defined in EN 197-1, paragraph 5.2.5), mineral additives containing calcium carbonate, e.g. limestone (e.g. as defined in EN 197-1, paragraph 5.2.6), mineral additives containing silica, e.g. fine silica or mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the hydraulic binder of the invention comprises 36-68% of the A1 additive, preferably 36-66% expressed as a percentage by mass of the binder.
The hydraulic binder of the invention may also contain calcium sulphate.
Preferably, the hydraulic binder of the invention also contains 0.01-8% calcium sulphate, expressed as a percentage by mass of the binder.
Calcium sulfate exists in its natural state. It is also possible to use a calcium sulfate which is a byproduct of some industrial processes. Calcium sulfate can be anhydrous or not.
The quantity of calcium sulphate in the cement is also increased to obtain the best mechanical resistance, and the expert will know how to optimise the quantity of calcium sulphate using known methods, based on the fineness of the cement particles.
The hydraulic binder of the invention may also include from 0 to 20%, expressed as a percentage by mass of the binder, pozzolanic materials (e.g. as defined in European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.3), lactic acid (e.g. as defined in European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.2), calcined shale (e.g. as defined in European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.5), materials containing calcium carbonate, e.g. limestone (e.g. as defined in European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.6), silica additives (e.g. as defined in European Standard NF EN 18509 of December 1998 paragraph 5), ashes (e.g. as defined in European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.4) or their mixture (e.g. as defined in French Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001 paragraph 5.2.4).
The invention also relates to a mixture containing by volume at least 45% of the hydraulic binder of the invention and at least 30% of sand, the sum of which is 95 to 100%.
The mixture according to the invention includes sand.
The sand of the mixture according to the invention is preferably silica sand, calcined bauxite sand, silico-limestone sand, limestone sand or mixtures thereof.
The sand grain size is usually determined by sieving.
Preferably, the mixture of the invention includes a sand with particulate D10 ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm.
Preferably, the mixture of the invention includes a sand with a particle size D50 of 200 to 3 mm, preferably 250 to 1 000 μm.
Preferably, the mixture of the invention includes a sand with a particle size of D90 less than or equal to 5 mm, preferably a D90 in the range of 300 μm to 5 mm, and even more preferably a D90 in the range of 350 μm to 1 000 μm.
Preferably, the mixture of the invention includes a sand with particulate D10 ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm and D50 ranging from 200 μm to 3 mm and D90 ranging from 300 μm to 5 mm.
The invention also relates to a hydraulic composition comprising within a volume of 1 m3 andOf a thickness of >= 0,05 mm
155 to 205 litres of water;at least 770 litres of mixture according to the invention;
- What?
The sum of the volumes of these two components is between 950 and 1000 litres.
In general, water includes water added for spoilage and adjuvant water, also called total water.
The hydraulic composition of the invention includes both fresh and hardened compositions, e.g. cement cast, mortar or concrete.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may also include an adjuvant, e.g. one described in EN 934-2 of September 2002, EN 934-3 of November 2009 or EN 934-4 of August 2009, and possibly mineral additives.
Preferably, the hydraulic compositions of the invention also include an adjuvant for hydraulic composition, e.g. an accelerator, a viscosity agent, an antifoaming agent, a retardant, an inertant of clays, a reducing agent of shrinkage, a plasticizer and/or a superplasticizer. In particular, it is useful to include a polycarboxylate superplasticizer, in particular 0.01-5% and preferably 0.1-3% by mass of dry extract, in relation to the cement mass.
It should be noted that these adjuvants may be added to the binder or mixture according to the invention.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may also include a fluidising agent or superplasticizer.
Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 52 (char 51)
A water reducer is defined as an adjuvant that typically reduces the amount of waste water from a concrete to a given workability by 10 to 15%. Water reducers include, for example, lignosulfonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids, carbohydrates and other specialized organic compounds, for example glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alumino-methyl-siliconate, sulfanilic acid and casein.
Superplasticizers belong to a new class of water reducers, chemically different from normal water reducers and capable of reducing water amounts by about 30%. Superplasticizers have been broadly classified into four groups: naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) sulfonate condensates (usually a sodium salt); melamine formaldehyde (SMF) sulfonate condensates; modified lignosulfonates (MLS) and others. Newer superplasticizers include polycarboxylic compounds such as polycarboxylates, e.g. polyacrylates. Polycarboxylates containing polycarboxylates are also used in the form of a superplasticizer.
The amount of superplasticizer required generally depends on the reactivity of the cement. The lower the reactivity, the lower the amount of superplasticizer needed. In order to reduce the total alkaline salt content, the superplasticizer can be used as calcium salt rather than sodium salt.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may also include an anti-foaming agent, e.g. polydimethylsiloxane.Other) and (R2 andIn these formulas, the R radicals, which may be identical or different, are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, the methyl group being preferred.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may also include a viscosity agent and/or a flow limit modifier (generally to increase viscosity and/or flow limit). Such agents include: cellulose derivatives, e.g. water-soluble cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl ethers of sodium; alginates; and xanthanum, carraghine or guar gum. A mixture of these agents may be used.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may also include an accelerator and/or a retardant.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may also include fibres, e.g. mineral fibres (e.g. glass, basalt), organic fibres (e.g. plastic of the APV type), metallic fibres (e.g. steel) or a mixture thereof.
Organic fibres may be chosen from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly-acrylonitrile (PA), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide or polyimide fibres, polypropylene fibres, aramid or carbon fibres, and mixtures of these fibres may also be used.
These organic fibres may be in the form of an object consisting of either a monobrin or a multibrin, the diameter of the object ranging from 25 to 800 microns.
The steel fibres may be chosen from steel fibres such as high strength steel fibres, amorphous steel fibres or stainless steel fibres, or they may be coated with a non-ferrous metal such as copper, zinc, nickel (or their alloys).
The individual length of the metal fibres is preferably at least 2 mm and is, even more preferably, in the range 10-30 mm.
The fibres may be crinkled, wavy or hooked at the ends.
The amount of fibres is preferably between 0.1 and 6%, and even more preferably between 1 and 5% of the volume of the hydraulic composition.
The use of mixtures of fibres of different characteristics allows the properties of concrete to be adapted to the desired characteristics.
It should be noted that fibres may be added to the binder or mixture according to the invention.
The hydraulic composition according to the invention may be prepared by mixing the mixture according to the invention or the hydraulic binder according to the invention with water.
According to an advantageous method of preparing a hydraulic composition according to the invention, the amount of water used is 160 to 195 l/m3 andand preferably 160 to 185 l/m3 and- I 'm not .
The hydraulic composition can be strengthened, for example by metal reinforcements.
The hydraulic composition may be pre-stressed by attaching cables or tendons, or post-stressed by non-attaching cables or tendons or sheaths or bars.
The hydraulic compositions of the invention have an advantageous compressive strength of 90 MPa or more at 28 days after breakage and/or 120 MPa or more after heat treatment, e.g. after two days heat treatment at 90°C, after two days heat treatment at 20°C.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may be prepared by processes known to the trade, including mixing of solid components and water, shaping (e.g. casting, projection, spraying or calendering) and curing.
The hydraulic composition of the invention may be heat treated after casting to improve its mechanical properties. Post-casting, also called heat curing of concrete, is generally performed at a temperature of 60°C to 90°C. The heat treatment temperature must be below the boiling temperature of water at ambient pressure. The temperature of the post-casting heat treatment is generally below 100°C.
The duration of heat treatment after casting may be, for example, from 6 hours to 4 days, preferably about 2 days.Heat treatment may generally begin at least one day after the start of casting and preferably on concrete aged 1 to 12 days at 20°C.
Heat treatment may be carried out in dry or wet environments or in cycles that alternate between the two environments, for example, 24 hours treatment in a wet environment followed by 24 hours treatment in a dry environment.
The invention also relates to an object shaped for the construction industry which includes the hydraulic binder of the invention or the mixture of the invention.
The following measurement methods were used:
The granulometric curves of the various powders are obtained from a Malvern MS2000 laser granulometer. The measurement is carried out in a suitable medium (e.g. in an aqueous medium); the particle size must be between 0.02 μm and 2 mm. The light source consists of a red He-Ne laser (632 nm) and a blue diode (466 nm).
A background noise measurement is first performed with a pump speed of 2000 rpm, an agitator speed of 800 rpm and a noise measurement of 10 s, in the absence of ultrasound.
The first measurement is then made on the sample with the following parameters: pump speed 2000 rpm, agitator speed 800 rpm, no ultrasound, obscuration limit between 10 and 20%. The sample is introduced to have a slightly higher obscuration of 10%. After stabilization of the obscuration, the measurement is made with a duration between immersion and the measurement set at 10 s. The measurement duration is 30 s (30000 diffraction images analysed).
The second measurement is then performed with ultrasound (without emptying the tank). The pump speed is increased to 2500 rpm, the agitation to 1000 rpm, the ultrasound is emitted at 100% (30 watts). This rate is maintained for 3 minutes, then the initial parameters are returned: pump speed 2000 rpm, agitator speed 800 rpm, no ultrasound. After 10 s (to evacuate any air bubbles), a measurement of 30 s (30000 images analysed) is performed.
Each measurement is repeated at least twice to verify the stability of the result. The apparatus is calibrated before each working session by means of a standard sample (Sifraco C10 silica) with a known particle size curve. All measurements presented in the description and the ranges advertised correspond to the values obtained by ultrasound.
The specific surface of the various powders is measured as follows: a powder sample of the following mass is taken: 0.1 to 0.2 g for a specific surface estimated at more than 30 m2 and/g; 0,3 g for a specific area estimated at 10-30 m2 and/g; 1 g for a specific area estimated at 3-10 m2 and/g; 1,5 g for a specific area estimated at 2-3 m2 and/g; 2 g for a specific area estimated at 1.5-2 m2 and/g; 3 g for a specific area estimated at 1-1,5 m2 and/g.
We use a three-centimeter cell.3 andor 9 cm3 andThe sample is then weighed in the cell: the product must not be less than one millimeter from the top of the cell's bottleneck. The sample is weighed in the cell (cell + glass rod + sample). The measuring cell is set up on a degassing post and the sample degassed. The degassing parameters are 30 min / 45°C for Portland cement, gypsum, pothols; 3 h / 200°C for stoppers, fly ash, aluminum, milk cement and 4 h / 300°C for the control sample. The sample is quickly removed from the cell without a mass measurement. The result is obtained by weighing the mass and weighing the sample.
The measurement is based on the adsorption of nitrogen by the sample at a given temperature, where the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is about -196°C. The apparatus measures the pressure of the reference cell in which the adsorbate is at its saturating vapour pressure and that of the sample cell in which known volumes of adsorbate are injected. The resulting curve is the adsorption isotherm.
The sample mass calculated previously was entered as a parameter. The BET surface is determined by the software by linear regression from the experimental curve. The standard deviation of reproducibility obtained from 10 measurements on a silica of specific surface 21.4 m2 and/g is 0.07. The standard deviation of reproducibility obtained from 10 measurements on a specific surface cement of 0.9 m2 andThe reference product is checked once every two weeks and twice a year with the reference alumina supplied by the manufacturer.
The compressive strength shall be measured at any time on a cylindrical sample of 7 cm diameter and 14 cm height, the surfaces on which the compressive force is applied to the sample being flattened.
The applied compressive force shall be increased to a rate of 3,85 kN/sec during the compression test.
The present invention is described by the following examples, which are not exhaustive.
- What?
• Raw materials:
- What?
| ✔ Ciment 52,5N PMES Le Teil | Lafarge France |
| ✔ Millisil C6 | Sibelco, France |
| ✔ Fumée de silice MST02 Le Pontet | SEPR, France |
| ✔ Anhydrite Micro A | Maxit, France |
| ✔ Sable BE01 | Sibelco, France |
| ✔ Superplastifiant F2 | Chryso, France |
The cement was prepared by grinding and separating Portland CEM I 52.5N PMES cement, from the Lafarge Le Teil cement factory. This grinding was done using an airjet grinder combined with a very high efficiency separator. The resulting crushed cement had a D10 of 1.7 μm, a D50 of 5.3 μm, and a D90 of 10.6 μm. Its Blaine surface is 6950 cm.2 and/g and its BET area is 1.65m2 and/g.
Millisil C6 is a silica (quartz) filler from Sibelco. It is A1 additive. It has a D10 of 2.9 μm, a D50 of 28.9 μm, and a D90 of 95.6 μm.
The MST 02 silica smoke from SEPR has a BET surface area of 12 m2 and/g.
Micro A anhydrite is a micronized anhydrous calcium sulfate from Maxit. It has a D10 of 1.6 μm, a D50 of 12.3 μm, and a D90 of 17.0 μm.
BE01 sand is a silica sand from Sibelco. It has a D10 of about 210 μm and a D50 of about 310 μm, a D90 of about 400 μm.
F2 superplasticizer is a new generation superplasticizer based on modified polycarboxylate.
a RAYNERI R601 petrins mixer, which was supplied by VMI with a 10 litre tank. This mixer operates a planetary rotation; cylindrical cardboard molds 7 cm in diameter and 14 cm high; a climate chamber at 95-100% relative humidity and 90 °C +/-1 °C supplied by Verre Labo Mula; a humid chamber at 95-100% relative humidity and 20 +/-1 °C
The concrete (hydraulic composition) was manufactured according to the following protocol:
1) introduction of dry materials (sand, A1, cement, calcium sulphate and silica fumes) into the bowl of the Rayneri mixer; 2) mixing for 3 minutes at 15 rpm to homogenise the dry materials; 3) introduction of the waste water and half of the superplasticizer for 30 seconds at 35 rpm; 4) mixing for 4 minutes and 30 seconds at 35 rpm; 5) introduction of the other half of the superplasticizer for 30 seconds at 50 rpm; 6) mixing for 2 minutes and 30 seconds at 50 rpm; 7) shutdown of the mixer;
The concrete was cast into cylindrical molds, the resulting moulded samples were sealed tightly and left to stand for 24 hours at 20°C. The samples were then demolished and placed either:
in a humid room for 28 days at 20°C and 100% relative humidity; then in a humid room for 7 days at 20°C and 100% relative humidity, then in a climate enclosure for 48 hours at 90°C and 100% relative humidity (heat treatment).
Then the mechanical resistance was measured.
- What?
• Hydraulic binders according to the invention, in % by mass:
- What?
- What?
• Composition of the mixtures according to the invention, in % by volume:
- What?
- What?
- What?
• Hydraulic compositions according to the invention, in litres per 1 m3 andOf concrete:
- What?
The hydraulic compositions of the invention are described below in litres/m3 andConcrete, not air-tight and not fibrous.
- What?
- What?
- What?
• Performance of hydraulic compositions:
- What?
Mechanical compressive strengths are measured on a cylinder 70 mm in diameter and 140 mm high.
- What?
| 18,2% | 40,7% | 40,3% | 0,8% | |
| 42,0% | 37,5% | 18,6% | 1,9% | |
| 17,7% | 61,9% | 19,6% | 0,8% | |
| 48,7% | 43,1% | 6,0% | 2,2% | |
| 25,6% | 66,9% | 6,3% | 1,2% | |
| 26,3% | 46,6% | 25,9% | 1,2% | |
| 33,9% | 52,1% | 12,5% | 1,5% | |
| 34,0% | 48,0% | 16,5% | 1,5% |
| 50,8% | 49,2% | |
| 51,0% | 49,0% | |
| 50,8% | 49,2% | |
| 51,1% | 48,9% | |
| 50,8% | 49,2% | |
| 50,8% | 49,2% | |
| 50,9% | 49,1% | |
| 50,9% | 49,1% |
| 828,9 | 18,7 | 152,4 | 166,8 | |
| 821,6 | 12,2 | 166,2 | 175,5 | |
| 833,0 | 12,2 | 154,8 | 164,2 | |
| 804,1 | 10,3 | 185,6 | 193,5 | |
| 808,2 | 9,4 | 182,4 | 189,6 | |
| 832,0 | 13,1 | 154,9 | 165,0 | |
| 832,0 | 11,2 | 156,8 | 165,5 | |
| 829,8 | 11,7 | 158,5 | 167,5 |
| 135,6 | 199,4 | |
| 187,2 | 239,1 | |
| 134,8 | 196,2 | |
| 164,9 | 202,4 | |
| 128,9 | 169,1 | |
| 154,9 | 219 | |
| 181,4 | 225,2 | |
| 176 | 235,7 |
Claims (11)
- Hydraulic binder comprising, as percentage by mass:- from 17 to 55% of a Portland cement, the particles whereof have a D50 that lies in the range 2 µm to 11 µm;- at least 5% of silica fume;- from 36 to 70% of a mineral addition A1, the particles whereof have a D50 that lies in the range 15 to 150 µm;the sum of these percentages lying in the range 80 to 100%; the sum of the percentages of cement and of silica fume being greater than 28%; the mineral addition A1 being selected from slags, pozzolanic additions or siliceous additions such as quartz, silico-calcareous mineral additions, calcareous additions such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.
- Hydraulic binder according to claim 1, characterised in that the cement is a CEM I cement.
- Hydraulic binder according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that it further comprises calcium sulphate.
- Hydraulic binder according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cement particles have a D90 that lies in the range 8 µm to 25 µm.
- Mixture comprising as percentage by volume, at least 45% hydraulic binder according to any of claims 1 to 4, and at least 30% sand, the sum of these percentages lying in the range 95 to 100%.
- Mixture according to claim 5, characterised in that it further comprises a sand, the particles whereof have a D10 that lies in the range 100 µm to 1 mm and a D50 that lies in the range 200 µm to 3 mm and a D90 that lies in the range 300 µm to 5 mm.
- Mixture according to either claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that the sand is a siliceous sand, a calcined bauxite sand, a silico-calcareous sand, a calcareous sand or mixtures thereof.
- Hydraulic composition comprising, in a volume of 1 m3 excluding entrained air and excluding fibres- from 155 to 205 litres of water;- at least 770 litres of mixture according to any of claims 5 to 7; the sum of the volumes of these 2 components lying in the range 950 to 1,000 litres.
- Hydraulic composition according to claim 8, comprising an anti-foaming agent.
- Hydraulic composition according to any of claims 8 to 9, characterised in that it further comprises mineral, organic or metal fibres, or a mixture thereof.
- Object formed for the construction field comprising the hydraulic binder according to any of claims 1 to 4 or the mixture according to any of claims 5 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1455728 | 2014-06-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1236923A1 HK1236923A1 (en) | 2018-04-06 |
| HK1236923B true HK1236923B (en) | 2019-11-22 |
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