HK1233119B - Inductance, especially for transmission of energy via magnetic coupling, and method to control such an inductance - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an inductor, particularly for magnetically coupled energy transmission, as defined in the general concept of claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for operating an inductor, particularly for magnetically coupled energy transmission. The inductor is intended in particular for use in the household, in particular in an induction cooker.

The inductor is known from EP 1560 462 A2 as an induction cooker field inductor, which has a coil bearing with an induction coil attached to it.

WO 94/05137 A1 is an inductor with three coils arranged in a concentric pattern, each with two coils between them and magnetic cores in the center of the coils, which are combined and powered according to the floor diameter of a cooking vessel.

The inductor is known from EP 2 170 010 A2 as having two coils, which can be operated independently or together.

The term 'inducer' in CN code 202 178 888 U includes an inductor with a coil and a coil attached to it, which has several magnetic elements consisting of a rod arranged radially and a rod in a semicircular shape.

US 2004/0108311 A1 is an inductor with a coil and a magnetic core.

The first inductor is known from EP 2 770 801 A1 and has a coil support consisting of a first and a second plastic sub-support, on which two coils are arranged in a spiral.

The inductor is known from EP 0 158 353 A2 as having a coil attached to a coil support.

US 2010/0206867 A1 is a three-coil inductor where the first coil is operated exclusively in conjunction with the second coil.

JP 2008153143 A is known to have an inductor with a first coil and a second coil surrounding it.

The purpose of the invention is to create an inductor which can be used in a flexible and efficient manner, in particular for magnetically coupled energy transmission.

This task is solved by an inductor with the characteristics of claim 1. The inductor has at least two coils or induction coils, the first coil being operated with a first operating frequency F1 in a first power range and the second coil with a second operating frequency F2 in a second power range. The operating frequencies F1 and F2 are in particular unequal. The first coil is used for inductive energy transmission in a low power range, whereas the second coil is used for inductive energy transmission in a high power range. For a transmission power P1 the first coil in the low power range is: 0 W ≤ P1 ≤ 300 W, in particular 0 W ≤ 250 W,and in particular 0 W ≤ P1 ≤ 200 W. On the other hand, for a transmission power P2 of the second coil and, where applicable, a third coil in the high power range: 200 W ≤ P2 ≤ 4.0 kW, in particular 250 W ≤ P2 ≤ 3.3 kW, and in particular 300 W ≤ P2 ≤ 2.4 kW. The combination of the coils allows for a flexible application of a wide variety of applications with different power requirements. Since the coils operate independently of each other, i.e. not simultaneously, the reciprocal influence of the coils is avoided, thus achieving high efficiency in the respective power range. The first coil can be used, for example, for wireless charging of a mobile phone,whereas the second coil can be used to operate higher-performance equipment, such as kitchen machines or vacuum-vacuum robots.

To achieve the different power ranges, the outer diameter D2 of the second coil shall be larger than the outer diameter D1 of the first coil. For the outer diameter D1 in particular: 10 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 60 mm, in particular 15 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 55 mm, and in particular 20 mm ≤ D1 ≤ 50 mm. For the outer diameter D2 in particular: 100 mm ≤ D2 ≤ 180 mm, in particular 110 mm D2 ≤ 160 mm, and in particular 120 mm ≤ D2 ≤ 140 mm. For an inner diameter d2 of the second coil, preferably: d2 > D1.

In addition, the first coil has a first inductance L1 which preferably applies to: 1 μH ≤ L1 ≤ 100 μH, in particular 4 μH ≤ L1 ≤ 50 μH, and in particular 5 μH ≤ L1 ≤ 25 μH. Accordingly, the second coil has a second inductance L2 which preferably applies to: 50 μH ≤ L2 ≤ 150 μH, in particular 70 μH ≤ L2 ≤ 130 μH, and in particular 90 μH ≤ L2 ≤ 120 μH.

The inductor ensures high efficiency. The magnetic core leads the magnetic field lines better, reducing the scattering field. The magnetic core can be unidirectional or composed of several core elements. Preferably, the magnetic core is a ferrite core. The magnetic core can have any closed shape. The magnetic core has, for example, a polygonal, round, semi-round, oval or semi-oval cross-section shape.

The inductor ensures high efficiency. The control unit ensures that the first coil and the second coil operate exclusively independently of each other. This means that either the first coil or the second coil is operated. The control unit therefore prevents the first coil and the second coil from being operated simultaneously.

The third coil increases flexibility in the high-power range. The third coil extends or fully exploits the high-power range. For the outer diameter D3 it is preferable: 160 mm ≤ D3 ≤ 250 mm, in particular 170 mm ≤ D3 ≤ 240 mm, and in particular 180 mm ≤ D3 ≤ 230 mm. The third coil also has a third inner diameter d3, which is preferably: d3 > D2. The third coil has a third inductance L3, which is preferably: 20 μH ≤ L3 ≤ 100 μH, in particular 30 μH ≤ L3 ≤ 90 μH, and in particular 50 μH ≤ L3 ≤ 80 μH.

The third coil is operated in dependence on the second coil. For example, the third coil is switched in a row or parallel with the second coil to increase power. The third coil is operated exclusively together with the second coil. In contrast, the first coil is operated exclusively independently, from the second coil and the third coil.

An inductor according to claim 2 ensures efficient operation in the low power range. The voltage U1 applied to the first coil has an amplitude between 0 V and 50 V. The current I1 flowing through the first coil has an amplitude between 0 A and 15 A.

An inductor according to claim 3 ensures high efficiency when operating the second coil in the high power range. The voltage U2 applied to the second coil has an amplitude between 0 V and 240 V. The current I2 flowing through the second coil has an amplitude between 0 A and 30 A.

An inductor according to claim 4 ensures high efficiency because the field lines are conducted in an optimal way. The core preferably has a closed round or polygonal, especially rectangular shape. Preferably the magnetic core is formed as a ring core, especially as a ferrite ring core.

An inductor according to claim 5 ensures high efficiency. Because the magnetic core is composed of several core elements, the mold can be assembled in a simple and flexible way from manufacturing-friendly core elements and optimized as needed. The core elements can be formed, for example, as rods that are assembled into a core formed as a polygon. Furthermore, the core elements can be formed as circular arcs, for example, as quarter or semicircular arcs and assembled into a ringed core. The core elements are preferably formed as ferrite cores.

An inductor according to claim 6 ensures high efficiency both when operating the first coil in the low power range and when operating the second coil in the high power range. preferably the magnetic core is formed as a ring core, in particular as a ferrite ring core, whereby for an inner diameter dK of the ring core: dK > D1.

An inductor according to claim 7 ensures high efficiency. Preferably, the magnetic core and coils are placed on the top of the coil bearing. For example, in a kitchen application, the top is mounted directly under a worktop or inserted into a worktop.

A magnetic rod is a type of inductor that is used to provide high efficiency. The magnetic rods allow better conduction of the field lines, thereby reducing the scattering field. Preferably, the magnetic rods are formed as ferrite rods. The rods are arranged in particular rotationally symmetrically around the central longitudinal axis. Preferably, the inductor has 3 to 48, especially 4 to 36, and especially 6 to 24 rods.

An inductor according to claim 9 ensures high efficiency. The arrangement of the magnetic rods shields the magnetic field on the second side, especially at the bottom. Preferably, the magnetic core is located on one side and the magnetic rods on the other side of the coil bearing. In addition to or as an alternative to the magnetic rods, the second side of the coil bearing may be provided with a shielding material.

An inductor according to claim 10 ensures high efficiency in the high power range.

An inductor according to claim 11 improves thermal performance, thus achieving high efficiency. The passage openings may be formed as holes and/or slits. In addition, the inductor may have a fan that cools at least one coil in conjunction with the passage openings. Preferably, the passage openings are formed in the area of the second coil and/or the third coil.

A coil according to claim 12 ensures a high degree of flexibility and efficiency. By the spiral formation of the first coil and/or the second coil and/or the third coil, a desired number of turns of the respective coil can be achieved in conjunction with a relatively flat formation of the respective coil. The respective coil can be spirally wrapped in a single plane or in several planes. The respective coil is spirally wrapped in no more than eight planes, in particular no more than six planes, and in particular no more than four planes. The respective coil has a constant winding density in the radial direction.

The purpose of the invention is also to create a method of operating an inductor in such a way that it can be used in a flexible and efficient manner.

This problem is solved by a process with the characteristics of claim 13. The advantages of the process of the invention correspond to the advantages of the inductor of the invention already described. The independent operation of the first coil and the second coil, i.e. the exclusively non-simultaneous operation of the coils with operating frequencies F1 and F2, does not interfere with the inductive energy transfer during the operation of the first coil or during the operation of the second coil. This allows applications in a low power range and in a high power range to be handled in a simple and flexible manner. The third coil extends the power range or fully exploits it. The high-pressure process can also be used with at least 12 times the characteristic of a particular amplifier.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention are shown in the following description of several examples of embodiments:Fig. 1a schematic representation of an inductor according to a first example of embodiment;Fig. 2a view of a top of the inductor with three coils on a coil support and a single-part core;Fig. 3a view of a bottom of the coil support with several magnetic rods;Fig. 4a first section of the inductor along the intersection line IV-IV in Fig. 3,Fig. 5a second section of the inductor along the intersection line V-V in Fig. 3,Fig. 6a perspective view of the inductor without the coils;Fig. 7a view of a bottom of the inductor with a second section of a coil core according to an example of an excavator with a core assembly.

The following is a first example of the invention, illustrated by Figures 1 to 6. An inductor 1 has a coil bearing 2 on which three coils 3, 4, 5 are arranged. The coils 3, 4, 5 are connected to an inverter 6 fed by a supply network 7 with a network voltage UN and a network frequency fN. The inverter 6 is controlled by means of a control unit 8 which is in signal connection with an electrical unit 9. The inductor 1 is, for example, part of a device for inductively coupled energy transmission or supply. The inductor 1 is particularly suitable for use in the household, for example in an induction cooker.

The first coil 3 is located on the top of the S1 of the coil 2 in the A1 reception area. The first coil 3 is located concentrically to the coil 2 so that a mid-length axis M1 of the first coil 3 is parallel to the mid-length axis M. The first coil 3 is spirally coiled and has two connections. The 10, 11 and 11 overhead wires are connected through corresponding passageways in the coil 2 to its side by a conductor S2 and are led there by the 6th alternator.

The first coil 3 is used for inductive power transmission in a low power range, for example, the low power range is between 0 W and 200 W. The first coil 3 has, for example, the following characteristics: The maximum value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the measured value of the

The first coil 3 is surrounded by a magnetic core 14 and the magnetic core 14 thus revolves around the center-long axis M1 of the first coil 3.

The magnetic core 14 is located on the upper side S1 of the coil 2 between the first coil 3 and the second coil 4.

The second coil 4 is located on the top S1 of the coil bearing 2 in the A2 reception area and surrounds the magnetic core 14.

The second coil 4 is coiled in a spiral and has connecting wires 15, 16. The connecting wires 15, 16 are carried by corresponding passageways 17, 18 to the underside S2 of the coil bearing 2. From there the connecting wires 15, 16 are carried to the inverter 6. The second coil 4 is arranged concentrically to the coil bearing 2 so that a central axis M2 of the second coil 4 is parallel to the central axis M of the coil bearing 2. The second reception space A2 is bounded by a ring-shaped inner gate 19.

The second coil 4 is used for inductive energy transmission in a high-power range, for example, the high-power range is between 200 W and 4.0 kW. The second coil 4 has, for example, the following characteristics: The inner diameter d2 = 72 mmOuter diameter D2 = 140 mmInductivity L2 = 100 μHDC = 45 mΩFor the second coil 4 also applies: d2 > DK and thus D1 < d2 < D2.

Since the first coil 3 and the second coil 4 cover different power ranges, the control unit 8 is designed to operate the first coil 3 and the second coil 4 independently, i.e. only the first coil 3 or the second coil 4 can be operated.

The third coil 5 is located on the upper side S1 of the coil bearing 2 in the A3 intake zone and surrounds the second coil 4 and the ring-shaped inner dock 19.

The third coil 5 is coiled and has connecting wires 21, 22. The connecting wires 21, 22 are connected by corresponding passageways 23, 24 to the underside S2 of the coil bearing 2. From there the connecting wires 21, 22 are connected to the inverter 6. The third coil 5 is arranged concentrically to the coil bearing 2 so that a median axis M3 of the third coil 5 is parallel to the median axis M of the coil bearing 2.

The third coil 5 is used for inductive energy transfer in the high power range. The internal diameter of the device is 180 mm. The external diameter of the device is 214 mm.

Since the third coil 5 surrounds the second coil 4, d3 > D2 applies.

The coils 3, 4, 5 can be coiled in a single plane or in several planes. In the present example, the coils 3, 4, 5 are coiled in two planes each. The coils 3, 4, 5 have a constant coil density in the radial direction.

The third coil 5 is preferably operated only in dependence on the second coil 4, for example by switching the third coil 5 to the second coil 4 either in parallel or in series if necessary. For example, the second coil 4 covers only a first part of the high power range, so that the additional operation of the third coil 5 can cover a remaining second part of the high power range. Accordingly, the control unit 8 is designed so that the third S 5 is operated only in dependence on the second S 4 5 . The third S 5 is operated independently of the first coil 3 in accordance with the second coil 4. In other words, the first coil 3 is operated independently of the first 4 and 5 coils.

On the bottom side of S2 several 25 beams are formed on the coil bearing 2 which run radially down the beam areas A2 and A3 to the centre-long axis M and M1 respectively. In beams 25 there are magnetic bars 26 which are specifically formed as ferrite bars. The bars 26 extend outside the beam area A1 of the first coil 3 into the beam areas A2 and A3 of the coils 4, 5.

For cooling coils 4, 5, the coil bearing 2 has several passages 27, 28 in the A2 and A3 reception areas. The passages 27, 28 are for example circular and/or slit shaped. The passages 28 formed in the A3 reception area have a smaller diameter than the passages 27 formed in the A2 reception area.

The function of inductor 1 is as follows: In the case of inductor 1 operating in the low power range, only the first coil 3 is operated; for this purpose, the first coil 3 and the desired transmission power P1 are selected by the input unit 9 and transmitted to the control unit 8. The control unit 8 controls the inverter 6 accordingly and gives the first operating frequency F1 and a first voltage U1. The inverter 6 provides from the given network frequency fN and the given network voltage the operating frequency F1 and the output voltage U1 given by the control unit 8 on the side of the inverter 6 and the output voltage U1 respectively. The ideal reciprocal is: fWW = UWW and fWW = UWWW = UWWW.

The first operating frequency F1 shall be 100 kHz ≤ F1 ≤ 220 kHz, in particular 100 kHz ≤ F1 ≤ 210 Hz, and in particular 120 kHz ≤ F1 ≤ 200 kHz.

The first coil 3 can be operated in the low power range from 0 W to 200 W, so that, for example, the first coil 3 can be used to inductively charge a portable device such as a mobile phone, smartwatch, fitness tracker, digital camera, baby phone, radio or remote control.

The magnetic core 14 guides the field lines generated by the first coil 3 and reduces the scattering field, thus achieving a high efficiency in inductive energy transfer.

When inductor 1 is running in the high power range, the second coil 4 and, if necessary, the third coil 5 are operated, with the input unit 9 selecting the coil 4 and the desired transmission power P2 and transmitting it to the control unit 8. The control unit 8 controls the inverter 6 accordingly and gives the second operating frequency F2 and a second voltage U2. The inverter 6 sets the operating frequency F2 and the voltage U2, so that ideally the following applies: fW = F2 and UW = U2. The control unit 8 also gives the transmission power 6 and the transmission voltage is calculated accordingly by running the second coil P2 in parallel with the second coil F2 or 5 in parallel. This is also possible if the second coil is running in parallel with the third coil F2 or 5 in parallel.

The second operating frequency F2 shall be 40 kHz ≤ F2 ≤ 250 kHz, in particular 50 kHz ≤ F2 ≤ 200 kHz, and in particular 60 kHz ≤ F2 ≤ 120 kHz.

The magnetic core 14 in turn conducts the magnetic field lines, so that the scattering field is reduced. This achieves a high efficiency in the energy transfer. In addition, the magnetic field generated at the bottom of S2 is shielded by the magnetic rods 26, which also achieves a high efficiency. The coils 4, 5 are cooled by the passage openings 27, 28. If necessary, an additional fan not shown can be used.

The following is a second embodiment of the invention, illustrated in Fig. 7. In contrast to the first embodiment, the magnetic core 14 is composed of several core elements 29. The core 14 is ring-shaped and composed of four quarter-circular arcs. By composing the magnetic core 14, various forms of the core 14 can be easily formed with standardized core elements 29. The core elements 29 are in particular formed as ferrite core elements. Reference is made to the previous embodiment with respect to the further construction and functioning of the inductor 1.

The inductor 1 of the invention allows a wide variety of applications in a simple and flexible manner. The first coil 3 is used in a low power range, for example up to 200 W, and the second coil 4 and, where appropriate, the third coil 5 in a high power range, for example from 200 W. In the low power range, only the first coil 3 is operated, while in the high power range, either only the second coil 4 or the second coil 4 and the third coil S 5 are operated. The combination of the different coils 3, 4, 5 together allows different applications with different power levels. Since the first coils 3 are in the high power range and the second coil 4 and, where appropriate, the third coil 5 are in the high power range, the second coil 4 and, where appropriate, the third coil 5 also allow efficient power transfer, which never occurs in the core of the magnetic field, and no magnetic energy is transmitted simultaneously in the core of the core.

The connecting wires 10, 11 of the first coil 3 may be formed as a barbed wire and have cross-sections of 0.1 mm2 to 2.5 mm2. The connecting wires 10, 11 may be coated with materials such as nylon, silk or film. The connecting wires 15, 16, 21, 22 of the second and third coils 4, 5 may be formed as barbed wire and have a cross-section of 0.5 mm2 to 5 mm2. The connecting wires 15, 16, 21, 22 may be coated with materials such as nylon, silk or film.

A fan may be provided for cooling the coils 4, 5 or, alternatively or additionally, cooling plates. The inductor 1 may be covered on one or both sides with a lid. Furthermore, the inductor 1 may be poured.

Claims (13)

1. Inductor, in particular for magnetically coupled energy transfer, with

   - a coil carrier (2),

   - a first coil (3) arranged on the coil carrier (2) for energy transfer in a first power range that has a first outer diameter D₁,

   - a second coil (4) arranged on the coil carrier (2) for energy transfer in a second power range that has a second outer diameter D₂, wherein the second outer diameter D₂ is larger than the first outer diameter D₁,

   - a third coil (5) arranged on the coil carrier (2) that has an outer diameter D₃ that is larger than the outer diameter D₂,a magnetic core (14) that surrounds a longitudinal center axis (M₁) of the first coil (3),

   characterized by a control unit (8) that is designed such that the first coil (3) and the second coil (4) are operated exclusively independently of one another, in other words not simultaneously, and that the third coil (5) is operated exclusively together with the second coil (4).
2. Inductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (8) is designed such that the first coil (3) is operated with a first operating frequency F₁, where the following applies to the first operating frequency F₁: 100 kHz ≤ F₁ ≤ 220 kHz, in particular 110 kHz ≤ F₁ ≤ 210 kHz, and in particular 120 kHz ≤ F₁ ≤ 200 kHz.
3. Inductor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (8) is designed such that the second coil (4) is operated with a second operating frequency F₂, where the following applies to the second operating frequency F₂: 40 kHz ≤ F₂ ≤ 250 kHz, in particular 50 kHz ≤ F₂ ≤ 200 kHz, and in particular 60 kHz ≤ F₂ ≤ 120kHz.
4. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetic core (14) is designed in one piece, in particular as an annular core.
5. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the magnetic core (14) is composed of a plurality of core elements (29).
6. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the magnetic core (14) surrounds the first coil (3), and in particular is arranged between the first coil (3) and the second coil (4).
7. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the magnetic core (14) and/or the coils (3, 4, 5) are arranged on a first face (S₁), in particular on an upper face, of the coil carrier (2).
8. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a plurality of magnetic rods (26) that are arranged radially to a longitudinal center axis (M₁) of the first coil (3).
9. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a plurality of magnetic rods (26) are arranged on a second face (S₂), in particular on a lower face, of the coil carrier (2).
10. Inductor according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the magnetic rods (26) extend into a receptacle region (A₂, A₃) of the second coil (4) and/or of the third coil (5), in particular outside a receptacle region (A₁) of the first coil (3).
11. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the coil carrier (2) has a plurality of apertures (27, 28) for cooling at least one of the coils (4, 5).
12. Inductor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the coils (3, 4, 5) is spiral in design.
13. Method for the operation of an inductor, in particular for magnetically coupled energy transfer, with the steps:

    - provision of an inductor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12,

    - operation of the first coil (3) with a first operating frequency F₁ in a first power range, and

    - operation of the second coil (4) exclusively independently of, in other words not simultaneously with, the first coil (3) with a second operating frequency F₂ in a second power range,

    - operation of the third coil (5) exclusively together with the second coil (4).