HK1227113A1

HK1227113A1 - Optical body, method of manufacturing the same, window member, fitting, and solar shading device

Info

Publication number: HK1227113A1
Application number: HK17100719.1A
Authority: HK
Inventors: Nagahama Tsutomu; Suzuki Masaki; Takenaka Hiroya; Enomoto Masashi
Original assignee: Dexerials Corporation
Priority date: 2010-02-08
Filing date: 2017-01-20
Publication date: 2017-10-13

Description

Optical body, method for manufacturing the same, window member, building tool, and sunshade device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an optical body, a method of manufacturing the same, a window member, a fitting, and a solar shading device. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical body capable of blocking sunlight.

Background

Recently, from the viewpoint of reducing the load of the air conditioner, a film or a panel for a window to block sunlight is used. In particular, films or panels are used which block both visible light rays and infrared light, since more than half of the solar energy is visible light rays. Further, in view of the purpose of reducing glare caused by the sun light in the afternoon, it is also important to partially block visible light rays.

A transflective layer made of a metal obtained by film deposition is known as such a film or panel (for example, see patent documents 1 to 3). However, since the transflective layer is deposited on the flat plate in these films or panels, visible light rays are reflected therefrom, thereby forming a mirror shape. Therefore, a problem of glare or reflection occurs.

Reference list

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent application provisional publication No. 57-59748

Patent document 2: japanese patent application provisional publication No. 57-59749

Patent document 3: japanese patent application provisional publication No. 2005-343113

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide an optical body, a method of manufacturing the same, a window member, a construction kit, and a sunshade device each capable of blocking sunlight including visible light rays and suppressing glare and reflection.

Solution to the problem

In order to solve the above problems, the first invention provides

An optical body, comprising:

a first optical layer having a concave-convex surface (concave-convex surface),

a transflective layer formed on the uneven surface, an

A second optical layer formed to close the concave and convex portions on the concave and convex surface on which the transflective layer is formed, wherein

The transflective layer directionally reflects a portion of light incident on the incident face at an incident angle (theta, phi) in a direction other than the direction of regular reflection (-theta, phi +180 deg.).

(wherein, θ: from a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface₁And the angle formed by the incident light incident on the incident surface or the reflected light coming out from the incident surface, phi: from a particular straight line l in the plane of incidence₂And the component of the incident light or reflected light projected onto the incident plane, and a specific straight line l in the incident plane₂: wherein when the incident angle (theta, phi) is fixed and the transflective layer is rotated around a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface serving as an axis₁Axis in which the reflection intensity in the direction phi becomes maximum when rotating).

The second invention comprises the following steps:

forming a first optical layer having a relief surface;

forming a first transflective layer on the concavo-convex surface of the first optical layer, and

forming a second optical layer on the transflective layer to enclose the concave and convex portions on the concave and convex surface on which the transflective layer is formed, wherein

The transflective layer directionally reflects a portion of light incident on the incident face at an incident angle (θ, φ) in a direction other than the direction of regular reflection (- θ, φ +180 °).

(wherein, θ: from perpendicular toPerpendicular line l of the plane of incidence₁And the angle formed by the incident light incident on the incident surface or the reflected light coming out from the incident surface, phi: from a particular straight line l in the plane of incidence₂And the component of the incident light or reflected light projected onto the incident plane, and a specific straight line l in the incident plane₂: wherein when the incident angle (theta, phi) is fixed and the transflective layer is rotated around a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface serving as an axis₁Axis in which the reflection intensity in the direction phi becomes maximum when rotating).

In the present invention, since the transflective layer is formed on the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer, sunlight including visible light rays can be blocked and glare or reflection can be suppressed. Further, since the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer on which the transflective layer is formed is closed by the second optical layer, the transmitted image becomes clearly visible.

Effects of the invention

As described above, according to the present invention, sunlight including visible light rays can be blocked and glare and reflection can be suppressed.

Drawings

Fig. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the configuration of an optical film according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing one example in which the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached to an adherend.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a relationship between incident light incident on an optical film and reflected light reflected from the optical film.

Fig. 3A to 3C are perspective views showing examples of the shape of the structure formed in the first optical layer.

Fig. 4A is a perspective view showing one example of the shape of a structure formed in the first optical layer.

Fig. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the configuration of an optical film including a first optical layer in which the structure shown in fig. 4A is formed.

Fig. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views for describing one example of functions of the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views for describing another example of the function of the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7A is a cross-sectional view for describing an additional example of the function of the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7B is a plan view for describing still another example of the function of the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing one example of the configuration of a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing an optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9A to 9C are process diagrams for describing one example of a method of manufacturing an optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10A to 10C are process diagrams for describing one example of a method of manufacturing an optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11A to 11C are process diagrams for describing one example of a method of manufacturing an optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12A is a sectional view showing a first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12B is a sectional view showing a second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13A is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of a first optical layer in an optical film according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13B is a perspective view showing a second example of the configuration of the first optical layer in the optical film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13C is a perspective view showing a third example of the configuration of the first optical layer in the optical film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14A is a plan view showing a fourth example of the configuration of the first optical layer in the optical film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the first optical layer taken along line B-B in fig. 14A.

Fig. 14C is a cross-sectional view of the first optical layer taken along line C-C in fig. 14A.

Fig. 15A is a plan view showing a fifth example of the configuration of the first optical layer in the optical film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15B is a cross-sectional view of the first optical layer taken along line B-B in fig. 15A.

Fig. 15C is a cross-sectional view of the first optical layer taken along line C-C in fig. 15A.

Fig. 16A is a plan view showing a sixth example of the configuration of the first optical layer in the optical film according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the first optical layer taken along line B-B in fig. 16A.

Fig. 17A is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the configuration of an optical film according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 17B is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of the first optical layer included in the optical film according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18A is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of the configuration of an optical film according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18B is a sectional view showing a second example of the configuration of an optical film according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18C is a sectional view showing a third example of the configuration of an optical film according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing one example of the configuration of an optical film according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of a blind apparatus (blind device) according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 21A is a sectional view showing a first example of the configuration of a slat (slat).

Fig. 21B is a sectional view showing a second example of the configuration of the slat.

Fig. 22A is a perspective view showing one example of a configuration of a roll screen device (roll screen device) according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 22B is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 22A.

Fig. 23A is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of a construction kit according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 23B is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the configuration of the optical body.

Fig. 24A is a perspective view showing in an enlarged manner a part of the concave-convex shape of the surface of the mold roll (mold roll) according to example 1.

Fig. 24B is a cross-sectional view showing in an enlarged manner a part of the concave-convex shape of the surface of the forming roller according to example 1.

Fig. 25A is a perspective view showing in an enlarged manner a part of the concave-convex shape of the surface of the forming roller according to example 2.

Fig. 25B is a cross-sectional view showing in an enlarged manner a part of the concave-convex shape of the surface of the forming roller according to example 2.

Fig. 26A is a cross-sectional view showing in an enlarged manner a part of the concave-convex shape of the surface of the forming roller according to example 3.

Fig. 26B and 26C are sectional views of the surface of the forming roller taken along line a-a in fig. 26A.

Fig. 27A is a graph showing transmission spectrum waveforms of the optical films of examples 1 to 3.

Fig. 27B is a graph showing transmission spectrum waveforms of the optical films of examples 5 and 6.

Fig. 28A is a graph showing transmission spectrum waveforms of the optical films of examples 4 and 7.

Fig. 28B is a graph showing transmission spectrum waveforms of the optical films of comparative examples 1 to 3.

Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a measuring instrument for evaluating the directional reflection of an optical film.

Fig. 30 is a diagram for describing in detail the correspondence between the direction (θ, Φ) of the directional reflection (directional reflection) shown in fig. 2 and the direction (θ m, Φ m) of the directional reflection measurement shown in fig. 29.

Fig. 31 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the directional reflection of the optical film of example 1.

Fig. 32 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the directional reflection of the optical film of example 2.

Fig. 33 is a graph showing the evaluation results of the directional reflection of the optical film of example 3.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in the following order with reference to the drawings.

1. First embodiment (example in which the structure is a one-dimensional arrangement)

2. Second embodiment (example in which the structure is a two-dimensional arrangement)

3. Third embodiment (example of louver-type transflective layer)

4. Fourth embodiment (example in which a light scatterer is provided in an optical film)

5. Fifth embodiment (in which an example of a self-cleaning layer is provided)

6. Sixth embodiment (example in which an optical film is applied to a blind device)

7. Seventh embodiment (example in which an optical film is applied to a roll screen device)

8. Eighth embodiment (example in which the optical film is applied to a building tool)

<1 > first embodiment >

[ Structure of optical film ]

Fig. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the configuration of an optical film according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing one example in which the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached to an adherend (adherends). The optical film 1 as an optical body is an optical film having so-called directional reflection performance. As shown in fig. 1A, the optical film 1 includes an optical layer 2 having an interface of a concavo-convex shape therein, and a transflective layer 3 provided on the interface of the optical layer 2. The optical layer 2 includes a first optical layer 4 having a first surface with a concavo-convex shape and a second optical layer 5 having a second surface with a concavo-convex shape. The interface in the optical layer is formed of a first surface and a second surface each having a concavo-convex shape and being opposite to each other. Specifically, the optical film 1 includes a first optical layer 4 having a concave-convex surface, a reflection layer 3 formed on the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer, and a second optical layer 5 formed on the reflection layer 3 to close the concave-convex surface on which the reflection layer 3 is formed, wherein the optical film 1 has an incident surface S1 on which light such as sunlight is incident and an exit surface (exit surface) S2 from which a part of light passing through the optical film 1 among light incident on the incident surface S1 comes out. The optical film 1 is suitably applied to interior wall members, exterior wall members, window members, and the like. Additionally, the optical film 1 is suitable for use as a slat (sun-shading member) of a blind device and a screen (sun-shading member) of a roll screen device. In addition, the optical film 1 is suitable for use as an optical body provided for a lighting section (day-lighting section) of a building (interior member or exterior member) such as Shoji (paper sliding door).

The optical film 1 may further include a first base (base)4a in the exit surface S2 of the optical layer 2, if necessary. In addition, if necessary, the optical film 1 may further include a second substrate 5a in the incident surface S1 of the optical layer 2. When the first substrate 4a and/or the second substrate 5a are included in the optical film 1 in this manner, the optical film 1 preferably satisfies optical properties such as transparency and transmission color to be described below in a state in which the optical film 1 is equipped with the first substrate 4a and/or the second substrate 5 a.

The optical film 1 may further include an adhesive layer 6, if necessary. In the incident face S1 and the exit face S2 of the optical film 1, the adhesion layer 6 is formed on the surface to be adhered to the window member 10. The optical film 1 is attached to the indoor side or the outdoor side of the window member 10 serving as an adherend via the adhesive layer 6. For example, the adhesive layer 6 may use an adhesive layer whose main component is an adhesive (e.g., a UV-curable resin or a two-liquid mixed resin), or an adhesive layer whose main component is an adhesive (e.g., PSA: pressure-sensitive adhesive). When the attachment layer 6 is an adhesive layer, a release layer 7 is preferably included on the attachment layer 6. When such a configuration is employed, the optical film 1 can be easily attached to an adherend such as the window member 10 via the attachment layer 6 only by a simple operation of peeling off the release layer 7.

From the viewpoint of improving the adhesion between the second substrate 5a and the adhesive layer 6 and/or the second optical layer 5, the optical film 1 may further include a primer layer (not shown) between the second substrate 5a and the adhesive layer 6 and/or the second optical layer 5. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the like portion, it is preferable to carry out well-known physical pretreatment instead of using the primer layer or together with the primer layer. Examples of well-known physical pre-treatments include plasma treatment, corona treatment, and the like.

The optical film 1 may further include a barrier layer (not shown) on the incident face S1 or the exit face S2 to be attached to an adherend such as the window member 10, or between such a surface and the transflective layer 3. The addition of the barrier layer has an effect of reducing diffusion of moisture from the incident surface S1 or the exit surface S2 toward the transflective layer 3, and an effect of suppressing degradation of the metal contained in the transflective layer 3. Therefore, the durability of the optical film 1 can be improved.

From the viewpoint of imparting scratch resistance to the surface, the optical film 1 may further include a hard coat layer 8. The hard coat layer 8 is preferably formed on one of the incident face S1 or the exit face S2 of the optical film 1, that is, on the surface opposite to the surface to be attached to an adherend such as the window member 10. From the viewpoint of imparting stain resistance to the incident surface S1, the optical film 1 may further include a layer having water repellency (water repellency) or hydrophilicity on the incident surface S1. A layer having such a function may be provided directly on the optical layer 2 or on any of various functional layers, such as the hard coat layer 8.

The optical film 1 preferably has flexibility from the viewpoint of enabling the optical film 1 to be easily attached to an adherend such as the window member 10. Here, the term "film" has a meaning including a thin plate. That is, the optical plate may be interpreted as the optical film 1.

The optical film 1 has transparency (transparency). The term "transparency" preferably means that the visibility (clarity) of the transmitted image is in the following range. The difference in refractive index between the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 is preferably 0.010 or less, more preferably 0.008 or less, and more preferably 0.005 or less. When the refractive index difference exceeds 0.010, the transmission image tends to look blurred. When it is in the range of 0.008 or more and 0.010 or less, although the transmitted image visibility varies depending on the brightness of the outside, there is no problem in daily life. When it is in the range of 0.005 or more and 0.008 or less, the external scene is clearly visible although the diffraction pattern of an object which is very bright like a light source is involved. If it is 0.005 or less, the diffraction pattern is hardly involved. Among the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5, the optical layer to be attached to the window member 10 or the like may contain an adhesive as a main component. By adopting such a configuration, the optical film 1 can be attached to the window member 10 or the like through the first optical layer 4 or the second optical layer 5 containing an adhesive as a main component. Further, by adopting such a configuration, the difference in refractive index of the binder is preferably within the above range.

The first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 are preferably identical in optical properties such as refractive index. More specifically, the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 are preferably made of the same material having transparency in the visible region, for example, they are made of the same resin material. Since the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 are made of the same material, the refractive indices of both are the same, which increases the transparency of visible light. However, even if the raw materials thereof are the same, special care is required because the refractive index of the finished layer (final layer) may vary depending on the curing conditions and the like in the coating process. On the other hand, when the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 are made of different materials, they may have different refractive indices. Therefore, light is refracted in the transflective layer 3 serving as a boundary, and the transmitted image tends to look blurred. Especially when viewing objects located near a point source, such as a high beam, the diffraction pattern tends to be significantly visible. Further, the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 may be made of the same material having transparency in the visible region, and the second optical layer 5 may contain an additive such as a phosphate compound or the like. Alternatively, additives may be mixed in the first optical layer 4 and/or the second optical layer 5 to adjust the value of the refractive index.

The first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 preferably have transparency in the visible region. Here, the term "transparency" has two definitions: no absorption of light; and there is no scattering of light. Generally, when an object is said to have transparency, it refers to the previous definition. However, both are preferably necessary for the optical film 1 according to the first embodiment. Retroreflectors currently used are used to enable a person to recognize reflected light of a display color, i.e., to help a person recognize clothes or road markings of a worker at night. Thus, even if it has scattering properties, for example, when it is in close contact with the lower reflector, the reflected light is visible. For example, the principle is the same as that in the case where even if the anti-glare treatment is performed to impart the scattering property on the front surface of the image display unit for the purpose of imparting the anti-glare property, the image is visible. However, the optical film 1 according to the first embodiment has such a feature that it transmits light of a specific wavelength other than the directional reflection. It is preferable that the optical film 1 has almost no scattering property so that transmitted light is observed in a state where it is attached to a transmitter that mainly transmits such a transmission wavelength. However, the second optical layer 5 may intentionally provide scattering properties depending on its use.

The optical film 1 is used, for example, in such a manner as to be attached via an adhesive to a rigid body such as a window member 10 having transparency mainly with respect to light passing through the optical film 1. Examples of the window member 10 include a window member for a building such as a skyscraper or a house, a window member for a vehicle, and the like. When the optical film 1 is applied to a window member for a building, it is particularly preferable that the optical film 1 is applied to a window member 10 disposed to face a certain direction within the range, particularly from east to south and further to west (for example, within the range from southeast to southwest). When applied to the window member 10 disposed at such a position, the heat ray can be reflected more efficiently. The optical film 1 can be used not only for a single-layer panel but also for special glass such as double-glazed glass. Further, the window member 10 may not be limited to those made of glass, but may also be applied to those made of a transparent polymer material. The optical layer 2 preferably has transparency in the visible region. Due to the transparency, when the optical film 1 is attached to a window member 10 such as a panel, visible light is transmitted, so that natural illumination by sunlight can be ensured. Furthermore, it may be attached not only to the inner side of the glass but also to the outer side to be used.

In addition, the optical film 1 may be used in combination with another heat-ray cutting film. For example, a light absorbing coating may be disposed at the interface between air and optical film 1 (i.e., on the outermost surface of optical film 1). In addition, the optical film 1 may be used in combination with a hard coat layer, an ultraviolet ray cutting layer (ultraviolet ray cutting layer), a surface antireflection layer, or the like. When these functional layers are used in combination, these functional layers are preferably provided at the interface between the optical film 1 and the air. However, when a UV cut layer is used, it needs to be positioned closer to the sun than optical film 1. Thus, a UV cut layer is desirably provided between the surface of the panel and the optical film 1, especially when it is used as a liner for the inside face of the panel. In this case, the UV absorber is kneaded in the tie layer between the surface of the panel and the optical film 1.

Depending on the use of the optical film 1, the optical film 1 may be colored to have a visually attractive design. When providing a visually attractive design, it is preferable that at least one of the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 is configured to mainly absorb light in a wavelength band within a specific visible region to such an extent that the transparency thereof is not reduced.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the relationship between incident light incident on the optical film 1 and reflected light reflected from the optical film 1. The optical film 1 has an incident surface S1 on which the light L is incident. The optical film 1 directionally reflects a part L of light L among light L incident on the incident surface S1 at the incident angle (theta, phi) in a direction other than the direction of regular reflection (-theta, phi +180 DEG)₁While transmitting the remaining part L of the light₂. Wherein, θ: from a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface S1₁And incident light L or reflected light L₁Angle formed, phi: from a particular straight line l in the incident plane S1₂And the incident light L or the reflected light L projected on the incident surface S1₁The angle formed by the components of (a). In this context, a particular straight line i in the plane of incidence₂Is a perpendicular to the optical film 1 in which the incident angle (theta, phi) is fixed and the optical film 1 is wound around a sufficient axisPerpendicular line l of the incident surface S1₁The axis in which the reflection intensity in the direction phi becomes maximum when rotated (see fig. 3 and 4). However, when there are a plurality of axes (directions) in which the intensity of reflection becomes maximum, one of these axes is selected as the straight line l₂. Clockwise around a vertical line l₁The angle θ of rotation is defined as "+ θ", and the angle θ of counterclockwise rotation is defined as "- θ". Clockwise around a straight line l₂The angle of rotation phi is defined as "+ phi", and the angle of counterclockwise rotation phi is defined as "-phi". The term "directional reflection" refers to reflection such that light is reflected in a direction other than the direction of regular reflection and the intensity of the reflection is now sufficiently strong compared to the intensity of diffuse reflection without directionality.

The directionally reflected light is preferably light within a wavelength bandwidth of above 400nm to below 2100 nm. The reason for this is that more than 90% of the solar energy is contained in this area. However, light of a wavelength bandwidth above 2100nm may be reflected. The ratio of the transmittance at a wavelength of 500nm to the transmittance at a wavelength of 1000nm is preferably 1.8 or less, more preferably 1.6 or less, and still more preferably 1.4 or less. When it has wavelength selectivity, visible light passes through it and is then absorbed by the indoor floor, resulting in generation of heat. When the film of the present invention is applied to a window on the west side, there is a problem of glare such as a sunset.

In addition, since there is no wavelength selectivity, the color tone of the film is close to neutral. Preferred ranges for the transmitted hue of the D65 light source are 0.280. ltoreq. x.ltoreq.0.345 and 0.285. ltoreq. y.ltoreq.0.370, more preferred ranges are 0.285. ltoreq. x.ltoreq.0.340 and 0.290. ltoreq. y.ltoreq.0.365, and even more preferred ranges are 0.290. ltoreq. x.ltoreq.0.320 and 0.310. ltoreq. y.ltoreq.0.340.

In the optical film 1, the direction of the directional reflection φ ° is preferably in the range of-90 ° to 90 °. This is because a part of light incident from the sky may return in the direction of the sky when the optical film 1 is attached to the window member 10. An optical film 1 in this range is useful for a case where there is no tall building around. Preferably, the direction of the directional reflection is in the vicinity of (θ, - φ). The vicinity preferably means a range within five degrees (theta, -phi), more preferably within three degrees (theta, -phi), and even more preferably within two degrees (theta, -phi). Because when directional reflection occurs in such a range, a portion of light entering from the sky into each building arranged in a row and having a similar height when the optical film 1 is attached to the window member 10 can effectively return to the sky above the other buildings. For example, in order to realize such directional reflection, it is preferable to use a spherical surface or a hyperboloid, or a three-dimensional structure such as a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid, and a part of a cone. Light incident in a direction (theta, phi) (-90 deg. < phi <90 deg.) can be reflected in the direction (theta, phi o) (0 deg. < theta o <90 deg. < phi o <90 deg.) according to its shape. Alternatively, a cylinder expanding in one direction is preferably used. Light incident in the direction (theta, phi) (-90 deg. < phi <90 deg.) can be reflected in the direction (theta-o, -phi) (0 deg. < theta <90 deg.) depending on the angle of inclination of the cylinder.

Preferably, the incident light is directionally reflected from the optical film 1 in a direction near the retro-reflection direction. In other words, the reflection direction of the light incident on the incident surface S1 at the incident angle (θ, Φ) is preferably in the vicinity of (θ, Φ). The reason is that when the optical film 1 is attached to the window member 10, it may cause a part of light incident from space to return toward the sky. Herein, the term "near" means that the deviation in the directional reflection direction is preferably within 5 degrees, more preferably within 3 degrees, and more preferably within 2 degrees. By setting the direction of the directional reflection to the above range, when the optical film 1 is attached to the window member 10, the optical film 1 can effectively cause light incident from the sky to return toward the sky. Further, in the case where an infrared light emitting unit and a light receiving unit such as an infrared sensor or infrared imaging are positioned adjacent to each other, the direction of back reflection must be set to be aligned with (aligned with, in a line with) the incident direction. However, while sensing in particular directions is not necessary as in embodiments of the present invention, those directions may not be arranged so precisely aligned with one another.

When a 0.5mm optical comb is used for the measurement, the value of the transmitted image visibility (sharpness) for the D65 light source is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 50 or more, and more preferably 70 or more. When the value of the visibility of the transmission image is less than 30, the transmission image tends to look blurred. When it is 30 or more and less than 50, there is no problem in daily life although depending on brightness of the outside. When it is 50 or more and less than 75, the diffraction pattern only relates to an object which is very bright as a light source, but the external scene is clearly visible. When it is 75 or more, the diffraction pattern is rarely involved. The sum of the values of the visibility of the transmission image measured by using the optical combs of 0.125mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm, respectively, is preferably 170 or more, more preferably 230 or more, and more preferably 350 or more. When the sum of the values of the visibility of the transmitted images is less than 170, the transmitted images tend to look blurred. When it is 170 or more and less than 230, there is no problem in daily life although depending on brightness of the outside. When it is 230 or more and less than 350, the diffraction pattern only relates to an object which is very bright as a light source, but the external scene is clearly visible. When it is 350 or more, the diffraction pattern is rarely involved. Herein, the value of the visibility of the transmission image is measured based on JIS K7105 by using ICM-1T manufactured by Suga Test Instruments co.ltd.

The incident surface S1 of the optical film 1, or preferably the incident surface S1 and the exit surface S2 of the optical film 1 have smoothness that does not reduce the visibility of the transmitted image. Specifically, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the incident surface S1 and the exit surface S2 is 0.08 μm or less, preferably 0.06 μm or less, and more preferably 0.04 μm or less. The arithmetic average roughness Ra is calculated as a roughness parameter by measuring the surface roughness of the incident surface and acquiring a roughness curve from the two-dimensional profile curve. The measurement conditions are in accordance with JISB0601: 2001. The measuring instruments and the measuring conditions are listed below. The measuring instrument is as follows: fully automatic micro-precision measuring instrument (full-automatic micro-measuring instrument) Surf corder ET4000A (osakazaborory Ltd.).

λc＝0.8mm

Evaluation length: 4mm

Cutoff value x 5

Data sampling interval: 0.5 μm

Hereinafter, the first optical layer 4, the second optical layer 5, and the transflective layer 3 constituting the optical film 1 will be described in this order.

(first and second optical layers)

The first optical layer 4 is, for example, a layer for supporting and protecting the transflective layer 3. For example, from the viewpoint of imparting flexibility to the optical film 1, the first optical layer 4 is formed of a layer containing a resin as a main component. On both main surfaces of the first optical layer 4, for example, one surface is a smooth surface and the other is a concave-convex surface (first surface). The transflective layer 3 is formed on the uneven surface.

The second optical layer 5 is a layer that protects the transflective layer 3 by closing the first face (concave-convex face) of the first optical layer 4 on which the transflective layer 3 is formed. For example, the second optical layer 5 is formed of a layer containing a resin as a main component, for example, from the viewpoint of imparting flexibility to the optical film. Of the two main surfaces of the second optical layer 5, for example, one surface is a smooth surface and the other is a concave-convex surface (second surface). The concave-convex surface of the first optical layer 4 and the concave-convex surface of the second optical layer 5 are opposite to each other in the concave-convex relationship.

For example, the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer 4 is formed by a plurality of structures 4c arranged one-dimensionally. For example, the concave-convex surface of the second optical layer 5 is formed by a plurality of structures 5c arranged one-dimensionally (see fig. 3 and 4). The structure 4c in the first optical layer 4 and the structure 5c in the second optical layer 5 differ only in that the relief relationship is reversed. Therefore, only the structure 4c with respect to the first optical layer 4 will be described.

In the optical film 1, the pitch P of the structures 4c is preferably 5 μm or more and 5mm or less, more preferably 5 μm or more and less than 250 μm, and more preferably 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less. When the pitch of the structures 4c is less than 5 μm, it is difficult to process the structures 4c into a desired shape, and thus it is difficult to obtain desired directional reflection. On the other hand, when the pitch of the structures 4c exceeds 5mm, the necessary film thickness must be increased in consideration of the shape of the structures 4c required to obtain the directional reflection. Therefore, the film loses its flexibility and the film is hardly attached to a rigid body such as the window member 10 or the like. Further, when the pitch of the structures 11a is set to less than 250 μm, the flexibility is more increased and roll-to-roll manufacturing is facilitated, resulting in batch type production becoming unnecessary. In order to apply the optical device of the present invention to building materials such as windows, the length of the optical device needs to be several meters. Therefore, roll-to-roll manufacturing is more suitable than batch type production. In addition, when the pitch is set to 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less, the productivity is more improved.

The shape of the structure 4c formed on the surface of the first optical layer 4 may not be limited to one. Structures 4c of different shapes may be formed on the surface of the first optical layer 4. When the structures 4c of different kinds of shapes are formed on the surface, a given pattern formed by the structures 4c of different kinds of shapes may be periodically repeated. Further, the various structures 4c may be formed arbitrarily (non-periodically) according to desired characteristics.

Fig. 3A to 3C are perspective views showing examples of structures formed in the first optical layer. The structures 4c are concave portions having a cylindrical shape extending in one direction, and the cylindrical structures 4c are one-dimensionally arrayed in the one direction. The shape of the transflective layer 3 may be similar to the surface shape of the structure 4c, since the transflective layer 3 is deposited on the structure 4 c.

Examples of the shape of the structure 4C include a prism shape shown in fig. 3A in which the ridge line of the prism is a circular shape as shown in fig. 3B, an inverse lens shape shown in fig. 3C, and an inverse shape of these. Here, the term "lens-shaped" refers to a shape whose cross section perpendicular to the ridgeline of the convex portion has an arc shape, an almost arc shape, an elliptic arc shape, an almost elliptic arc shape, a parabolic shape, or an almost parabolic shape. Therefore, the cylindrical shape is included in the lens shape. Therefore, the ridge line portion has R as shown in fig. 3B. Preferably, the ratio R/P, the ratio of the pitch P of the structures 4c to the radius of curvature R, is 7% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and more preferably 3% or less. The shape of the structure 4C may not be limited to the shapes shown in fig. 3A to 3C and the reverse of those, but may be any of a waist drum shape, a hyperbolic cylindrical shape, an elliptic cylindrical shape, a polygonal cylindrical shape, and a free curved shape. Further, the prism-shaped vertices and the lens-shaped vertices may have a polygonal shape (e.g., a pentagon). When the structure 4c has a prism shape, the inclination angle θ of the prism-like structure 4c is, for example, 45 °. When the structure 4c is applied to the window member 10, the structure 4c preferably has a flat surface or a curved surface with an inclination angle of 45 ° or more from the viewpoint of reflecting light incident from the sky so that the light can return to the sky. When such a structure is employed, incident light returns to the sky through a single reflection, so that the incident light can be effectively reflected in the direction of the sky, even if the transflective layer 3 has a relatively low reflectance, and light absorption by the transflective layer 3 can be reduced.

Further, as shown in fig. 4A, the shape of the structure 4c may be relative to a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface S1 or the exit surface S2 of the optical film 1₁Is asymmetric. In this case, the main axis l of the structure 4c_mFrom a vertical line l serving as a reference in the direction in which the structures 4c are arranged₁And (4) inclining. Here, the principal axis l of the structure 4c_mRefers to a line passing through the midpoint of the base of the cross-section of the structure and the apex of the structure. When the optical film 1 is attached to the window member 10 arranged substantially vertically with respect to the ground, as shown in fig. 4B, the major axis l of the structure 4c_mFrom a vertical line l used as a reference₁Inclined to face the lower side (ground side) of the window member 10. In general, since the inward flow of heat through the window is large in the afternoon time zone and when the solar altitude is 45 °, when the above-described shape is adopted, light incident at this angle can be effectively reflected toward the sky. Fig. 4A and 4B show a structure 4c having a prism-like shape therein with respect to a vertical line l₁Is an example of asymmetry. Structures 4c having shapes other than prismatic may be used. Furthermore, the shape may also be relative to the vertical line l₁Is asymmetrical. For example, a corner prism body may have a shape of a corner prism with respect to a vertical line l₁Is asymmetricThe shape of (2).

The first optical layer 4 may be mainly made of a resin exhibiting a decrease in storage elastic modulus at 100 ℃ and a small difference between the storage elastic modulus at 25 ℃ and the storage elastic modulus at 100 ℃⁹Pa or less and a storage modulus at 100 ℃ of 3 × 10⁷A resin having Pa or more. The first optical layer 4 is preferably made of one resin, or may contain two or more resins. In addition, additives may be further mixed, if necessary.

When it contains a resin as a main component, which exhibits a decrease in storage elastic modulus at 100 ℃ and a small difference between the storage elastic modulus at 25 ℃ and the storage elastic modulus at 100 ℃, the designed interface shape can be substantially maintained as it is even when a process using heat or a process using a combination of heat and pressure is carried out after the formation of the concavo-convex surface (first surface) of the first optical layer 4. On the other hand, when it contains a resin as a main component, the resin exhibits a decrease in storage elastic modulus at 100 ℃ and a small difference between the storage elastic modulus at 25 ℃ and the storage elastic modulus at 100 ℃, the designed interface shape is deformed or the optical film 1 may curl.

Herein, examples of the process using heat include not only a process of directly applying heat to the optical film 1 or its constituent members, such as an annealing process, but also a process of indirectly applying heat by locally increasing the surface temperature of the deposited film during film deposition or during curing of the resin composition, and a process of indirectly applying heat to the optical film by increasing the temperature of a mold attributable to irradiation of energy rays applied thereto. Further, the effect achieved by limiting the value of the storage elastic modulus to the above range is not particularly limited by the kind of the resin, and may be obtained by any of a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and an energy ray irradiation resin.

The storage elastic modulus of the first optical layer 4 can be confirmed, for example, in the following manner. When the surface of the first optical layer 4 has been exposed, the storage elastic modulus of the exposed surface can be confirmed by measurement using a microhardness meter. Further, when the first substrate 4a or the like is formed on the surface of the first optical layer 4, when the first substrate 4a or the like is peeled off so that the surface of the first optical layer 4 is exposed, the storage elastic modulus of the exposed surface is measured with a microhardness tester.

As a method for suppressing the decrease in the elastic modulus at high temperature, in the case of using a thermoplastic resin, a method of adjusting the length and kind of the side chain can be used. Further, in the case of irradiating the resin with the thermosetting resin and the energy ray, a method of adjusting the number of crosslinking points and the molecular structure of the crosslinking material may be used. However, it is preferable that the properties as required for the resin material are not impaired by the structural change. For example, with some types of crosslinking agents, their elastic modulus increases, they become brittle, or they shrink so much at temperatures around room temperature that the film may bend or curl. Therefore, it is preferable that the kind of the crosslinking agent is appropriately selected depending on the desired characteristics.

When the first optical layer 4 contains a crystalline polymer material as a main component, it is preferable that the first optical layer 4 contains, as a main component, a resin that has a glass transition point higher than the highest temperature in the manufacturing process and shows a small increase in storage elastic modulus at the highest temperature in the manufacturing process. If a resin is used that has a glass transition point in the range of room temperature of 25 ℃ or higher to the highest temperature in the manufacturing process or lower and shows a small increase in storage elastic modulus at the highest temperature in the manufacturing process, the designed ideal interface shape is hardly maintained by the manufacturing process.

When the first optical layer 4 contains an amorphous polymer material as a main component, it is preferable that the first optical layer 4 contains, as a main component, a resin that has a glass transition point higher than the highest temperature in the manufacturing process and shows a small decrease in storage elastic modulus at the highest temperature in the manufacturing process. If a resin is used which has a glass transition point in the range of room temperature of 25 c or higher to the highest temperature in the manufacturing process or lower and shows a large reduction in storage elastic modulus at the highest temperature in the manufacturing process, the designed ideal interface shape is hardly maintained by the manufacturing process.

Herein, the highest temperature in the manufacturing process refers to the highest temperature of the concave-convex surface (first surface) of the first optical layer 4 in the manufacturing process. It is preferable that the second optical layer 5 satisfies the above numerical range of storage elastic modulus and temperature range of glass transition point.

That is, at least one of the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 preferably contains a material having a storage elastic modulus (elastic storage modulus) of 3 × 10 at 25 ℃⁹A resin having a Pa or less. The reason is that it is possible to manufacture the optical film 1 by the roll-to-roll process because flexibility can be imparted to the optical film 1 at room temperature of 25 ℃.

For example, the first substrate 4a and the second substrate 5a have transparency. As for the shape of the substrate, a film shape is preferably employed from the viewpoint of imparting flexibility to the optical film 1, but the shape may not be limited thereto. As the material of the first substrate 4a and the second substrate 5a, for example, a well-known polymer material can be used. Examples of well-known polymer materials include triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyester (TPEE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyimide (PI), Polyamide (PA), aramid, Polyethylene (PE), acrylic resin, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polypropylene (PP), diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin (PMMA), Polycarbonate (PC), epoxy resin, urea resin, polyurethane resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, and the like. However, it is not particularly limited to these materials. The thicknesses of the first substrate 4a and the second substrate 5a are not particularly limited, but are preferably in the range of 38 μm to 100 μm from the viewpoint of productivity. The first substrate 4a and the second substrate 5a preferably transmit energy rays. The reason for this is that, with respect to the energy ray-curable resin interposed between the first substrate 4a and the transflective layer 3 or between the second substrate 5a and the transflective layer 3, as described below, the energy ray-curable resin can be cured by being irradiated with energy rays from the side on which the first substrate 4a or the second substrate 5a is provided.

The first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 have, for example, transparency. The first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 are obtained by, for example, curing a resin composition. As the resin composition, an energy ray curable resin cured by light or electron beam, or a thermosetting resin cured by heat is preferably used from the viewpoint of easy manufacturing. As the energy ray-curable resin, a resist resin composition cured by light is preferably used, but an ultraviolet ray-curable resin composition cured by ultraviolet ray is most preferably used. The resin composition may further contain a compound having phosphoric acid, a compound having succinic acid, and a compound having butyrolactone from the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesion between the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5, or between the first optical layer 4 and the transflective layer 3. As the compound having phosphoric acid, for example, | (meth) acrylate having phosphoric acid may be used), and preferably a (meth) acrylic monomer or oligomer having phosphoric acid in a functional group may be used. As the compound having succinic acid, for example, (meth) acrylate having succinic acid may be used, and preferably, (meth) acrylic acid monomer or oligomer having succinic acid in a functional group may be used. As the compound having butyrolactone, for example, (meth) acrylate having butyrolactone, and preferably, (meth) acrylic acid monomer or oligomer having butyrolactone in the functional group may be used.

The ultraviolet curable resin composition contains, for example, (meth) acrylate. In addition, the ultraviolet curable resin composition may further contain light stabilizers, flame retardants, leveling agents, antioxidants, and the like, if necessary.

Preferably, monomers and/or oligomers having two or more (meth) acryloyl groups are used as the acrylate. Examples of such monomers and/or oligomers include urethane (meth) acrylates, epoxy (meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, polyol (meth) acrylates, polyether (meth) acrylates, and melamine (meth) acrylates. Herein, the term "(meth) acryl" refers to any one of acryl and methacryl. The term "oligomer" as used herein refers to a molecule having a molecular weight of 500 or more and 6000 or less.

The photopolymerization initiator used herein may be selected from well-known materials as needed. As examples of well-known materials, benzophenone derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, and the like can be used alone or in combination. The amount of the photopolymerization initiator to be mixed is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less of the solid content (solid content). If the amount is less than 0.1% by mass, the photocurability decreases so that it is not suitable for industrial production from the practical viewpoint. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 10% by mass, when the amount of light emitted for irradiation is insufficient, odor tends to remain in the formed coating layer.

As used herein, the term "solids" refers to all components that, upon curing, constitute the hard coat layer 12. Specifically, the solid material includes, for example, acrylate, a photopolymerization initiator, and the like.

Preferably, the resin has such properties that the structure can be transferred to the resin after, for example, irradiation of energy rays or application of heat. Any type of resin may be used, including vinyl-based resins, epoxy-based resins, thermoplastic resins, and the like, as long as the resin satisfies the above-described requirements for refractive index.

The resin may be mixed with an oligomer to reduce cure shrinkage. The resin may further comprise a polyisocyanate as a curing agent. The resin may be further mixed with a suitable monomer having a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and a phosphoric group in consideration of adhesiveness with the first optical layer 4 or the second optical layer 5; a polyol; coupling agents such as carboxylic acids, silanes, aluminum and titanium; and one or more of various chelating agents.

The resin composition preferably further contains a crosslinking agent. In particular, a cyclic crosslinking agent is preferably used as the crosslinking agent. Because by using the crosslinking agent, the resin can be made heat-resistant without greatly changing the storage elastic modulus at room temperature. If the storage elastic modulus at room temperature greatly changes, the optical film 1 becomes brittle so that it is difficult to manufacture the optical film 1 by a roll-to-roll process. Examples of cyclic crosslinkers include dioxane diol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol dimethacrylate, ethylene oxide-modified isocyanate diacrylate, ethylene oxide-modified isocyanate triacrylate, and valerolactone-modified tris (acryloylethyl) isocyanate.

Preferably, the first substrate 4a or the second substrate 5a has a lower water vapor permeability than the first optical layer 4 or the second optical layer 5, respectively. For example, when the first optical layer 4 is formed by using an energy ray curable resin such as urethane acrylate, the first substrate 4a is preferably formed by using a resin which has lower water vapor permeability than the first optical layer 4 and is transmissive to energy rays, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). As a result, the diffusion of moisture from the incident face S1 or the exit face S2 into the transflective layer 3 can be reduced and the degradation of the metal and the like contained in the transflective layer 3 can be suppressed. Therefore, the durability of the optical film 1 can be improved. Furthermore, the water vapor permeability of PET having a thickness of 75 μm was about 10g/m²Day (40 ℃, 90% RH).

Preferably, at least one of the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 contains a functional group having high polarity, and the content of such a functional group differs between the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5. More preferably, both the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 contain a phosphoric acid compound (e.g., a phosphoric acid ester), and the content of the phosphoric acid compound differs between the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5. The difference in the content of the phosphoric acid compound between the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5 is preferably two times or more, more preferably five times or more, and more preferably ten times or more.

By using at least one of the first optical layer 4 and the second optical layer 5One of the considerations for providing the optical film 1, the window member 10, and the like with a visually attractive design is that it preferably has a characteristic of absorbing light in a specific wavelength in the visible range. The pigment dispersed in the resin may be an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment. In particular, inorganic pigments having high weatherability per se are preferable. Specific examples of the pigment include: inorganic pigments including zirconium lime (Co-and Ni-doped ZrSiO)₄) Praseodymium yellow (Pr-doped ZrSiO)₄) Chrome-titanium oxide yellow (Cr-and Sb-doped TiO)₂Or Cr-and W-doped TiO₂) Chrome green (e.g. Cr)₂O₃) Peacock blue ((CoZn) O (AlCr)₂O₃) Victoria green ((Al, Cr)₂O₃) Deep blue (CoO. Al)₂O₃·SiO₂) Vanadium-zirconium blue (V-doped ZrSiO)₄) Chromium-tin powder (Cr-doped CaO. SnO)₂·SiO₂) Manganese powder (Mn-doped Al)₂O₃) And salmon powder (Fe-doped ZrSiO)₄) (ii) a And organic pigments including azo-based pigments and phthalocyanine dyes.

(transflective layer)

The transflective layer is a semi-transmissive reflective layer. Examples of the semi-transmissive reflective layer include a thin metal layer containing a semiconductor material, a metal nitride layer, and the like. It is preferable to form a laminate in which the above-described reflective layer is laminated on or under an oxide layer, a nitride layer, a oxynitride layer, or the like, in terms of antireflection, color tone adjustment, improvement in chemical wettability, or improvement in reliability against environmental deterioration.

Examples of the metal layer having high reflectivity with respect to the visible region and the infrared region include a material whose main component is a single component selected from Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Pd, Co, Si, Ta, W, Mo, and Ge or an alloy containing two or more selected from these. Also, when considering the practicality, it is preferable to use an Ag-based material, a Cu-based material, an Al-based material, an Si-based material, or a Ge-based material. In addition, materials such as Ti and Nd are preferably added to the metal layer to suppress corrosion of the metal layer. Further, examples of the metal nitride layer include TiN, CrN, and WN.

Although the film thickness of the transflective layer may be set in a range of, for example, 2nm or more and 40nm or less, the thickness is not limited thereto as long as the film thickness ensures semi-transmissivity in the visible region and near-infrared region. The term "semi-transmissivity" means a transmissivity of 5% or more and 70% or less, preferably 10% or more and 60% or less, more preferably 15% or more and 55% or less in a wavelength range of 500nm or more and 1000nm or less. Further, the term "transflective layer" means a reflective layer having a transmittance of 5% or more and 70% or less, preferably 10% or more and 60% or less, and more preferably 15% or more and 55% or less in a wavelength range of 500nm to 1000 nm.

(function of optical film)

Fig. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views for describing examples of functions of the optical film. Herein, description is made in connection with an example in which the shape of the structure is prism-like with a tilt angle of 45 °. As shown in fig. 5A, a part of light L from sunlight incident on the optical film 1₁Directionally reflecting towards the sky in almost the same direction as the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the remaining part of the light L₂Through the optical film 1.

Further, as shown in fig. 5B, the light that has been incident on the optical film 1 and has been reflected from the reflective layer surface of the transflective layer 3 is separated into components (components) L reflected toward the sky_AAnd a component L which is not reflected according to the proportion of the incident angle_B. And, after total reflection at the interface between the second optical layer 4 and the air, the component L that is not reflected to the sky_BAnd eventually reflected in a direction different from the incident direction.

When it is assumed that the incident angle of light is α, the reflectance of the first optical layer 4 is n, and the reflectance of the transflective layer 3 is R, the sky reflection component L_AThe ratio x to the total incident component is represented by the following formula (1).

x＝(sin(45-α')+cos(45-α')/tan(45+α'))/(sin(45-α')+cos(45-α'))×R2···(1)

Herein, α ═ sin-¹(sinα/n)。

In the component L not reflected to the sky_BThe percentage of incident light reflected to the sky decreases as the percentage of incident light increases. An effective way to increase the percentage of sky reflection is to design the shape of the transflective layer 3, i.e. the shape of the structures 4c in the first optical layer 4. For example, the shape of the structures 4C is preferably arranged to be lenticular as shown in fig. 3C or asymmetrical as shown in fig. 4 to improve the percentage of sky reflection. By using such a shape, although it is difficult to reflect light in exactly the same direction as the direction in which the light is incident, it is possible to increase the proportion of light reflected to the sky with respect to light incident from the top of the structural window member or the like. The two shapes shown in fig. 3C and 4 may increase the final reflected component more than the shape shown in fig. 5 that reflects light twice (or more than three times) because the transflective layer 3 reflects incident light only once, as shown in fig. 6A and 6B. For example, when two reflections are used, if the reflectivity of the transflective layer 3 with respect to a certain wavelength is assumed to be 80%, the sky reflectivity theoretically becomes 64%. However, when the light is reflected only once, the sky reflectance becomes 80%.

FIG. 7 shows a ridge line l with a cylindrical structure 4c₃Incident light L and reflected light L₁The relationship (2). In the example shown in fig. 7, the transflective layer 3 is shaped such that each cylinder extending in one direction is one-dimensionally aligned. Preferably, the optical film 1 is oriented in the direction (θ o, - φ) (0 °)<θo<90 deg. reflects a part of the light L incident on the incident surface S1 at the incident angle (theta, phi)₁And transmits the remaining part of the light L₂. Because when such a relationship is satisfied, the incident light L may be reflected in the direction of the sky. Herein, θ: from a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface S1₁And incident light L or reflected light L₁The angle formed. Phi: by a ridge line l perpendicular to the cylindrical structure 4c₃The straight line l in the incident surface S1₂And the incident light L or the reflected light L projected on the incident surface S1₁The angle formed by the composition of (a). In addition to this, the present invention is,from the vertical line l₁The angle theta of clockwise rotation is defined as "+ theta", and the angle theta of counterclockwise rotation is defined as "-theta". From the straight line l₂The angle φ of clockwise rotation is defined as "+ φ", and the angle φ of counterclockwise rotation is defined as "- φ".

[ apparatus for manufacturing optical film ]

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of an apparatus for manufacturing an optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the manufacturing apparatus includes laminating rollers 41 and 42, a guide roller 43, a coating apparatus 45, and an irradiation device 46.

The laminating rollers 41 and 42 are provided so as to be able to sandwich the optical layer 9 provided with a transflective layer and the second substrate 5 a. Herein, the optical layer 9 provided with a transflective layer is a layer obtained by depositing the transflective layer 3 on the principal surface of the first optical layer 4. On the optical layer 9 provided with a transflective layer, the first substrate 4a may be formed on one of two main surfaces, one main surface being opposite to the main surface of the transflective layer 3 on which the first optical layer 4 is deposited. In this example, the transflective layer 3 is deposited on one main face of the first optical layer 4, and the first substrate 4a is formed on the other main face. The guide roller 43 is provided on a conveyance path in the manufacturing apparatus so that the belt-like optical film 1 can be conveyed. The material of the laminating rollers 41 and 42 and the guide roller 43 is not particularly limited, and a material appropriately selected from materials such as stainless steel, rubber, silicone, and the like according to desired roller characteristics may be used.

As the coating apparatus 45, for example, a coating apparatus such as a coater can be used. As the coater, for example, a gravure printing device, a wire bar, and a die may be suitably used in consideration of physical properties of the resin composition to be coated, and the like. The irradiation device 46 is, for example, a unit that emits ionizing radiation such as electron beams, ultraviolet rays, visible light rays, or gamma rays. In the illustrated example, a UV lamp that emits ultraviolet rays is used as the irradiation device 46.

[ method of producing optical film ]

Hereinafter, an example of a method of manufacturing the optical film according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 8 to 11. In view of productivity, part or all of the following manufacturing processes are preferably carried out in a roll-to-roll manner as shown in fig. 8. However, the process of manufacturing the metal mold is excluded therefrom.

First, as shown in fig. 9A, for example, a metal mold having the same concavo-convex shape as that of the structure 4c, or a metal mold (female mold) having a reverse shape of the former metal mold is formed by byte processing, laser processing, or the like. Next, as shown in fig. 9B, the uneven shape of the metal mold is transferred to the film-forming resin material by, for example, a melt extrusion process, a transfer method, or the like. Examples of the transfer method include a method of pouring an energy ray-curable resin into a mold and curing by irradiating an energy ray, a method of transferring a shape to the resin by applying heat and pressure to the resin, and a method of supplying a resin film to a roll and transferring a shape of the mold to the resin film by applying heat to the resin film. As a result, the first optical layer 4 having the structure 4C on one main surface thereof is formed as shown in fig. 9C.

In addition, as shown in fig. 9C, the first optical layer 4 may be formed on the first substrate 4 a. In this case, for example, the first substrate 4a having a film shape is supplied from a roll, an energy ray curable resin is coated on the substrate, the substrate is brought into contact with a mold to transfer the shape of the mold to the resin, and an energy ray is emitted to the resin so that the resin can be cured. The resin preferably further contains a crosslinking agent. Because the crosslinking agent makes the resin resistant to heat without greatly changing the storage elastic modulus at room temperature.

Next, the transflective layer 3 is deposited on one main surface of the first optical layer 4 as shown in fig. 10A. Examples of the method of depositing the transflective layer 3 include a sputtering method, a deposition method, a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, a dip coating method, a die coating method, a wet coating method, and a spray coating method. Among these deposition methods, one method is appropriately selected depending on the shape of the structure 4c and the like. Next, if necessary, as shown in fig. 10B, an annealing process 31 is performed on the transflective layer 3. The temperature of the annealing process is, for example, in the range of 100 ℃ to 250 ℃.

Next, the resin 22 in an uncured state is coated on the transflective layer 3, as shown in fig. 10C. For example, an energy ray curable resin, a thermosetting resin, or the like may be used as the resin 22. An ultraviolet ray curable resin is preferably used as the energy ray curable resin. Next, as shown in fig. 11A, a second substrate 5a is coated on the resin 21 so as to form a laminate. Next, as shown in fig. 11B, the laminate is placed under pressure 33 while the resin 22 is cured, for example, by energy rays 32 or heat 32. Examples of the energy ray include an electron beam, an ultraviolet ray, a visible light ray, a gamma ray, an electron beam, and the like. From the viewpoint of production facilities, it is preferable to use ultraviolet rays. Preferably, the cumulative exposure dose is appropriately selected in consideration of the curing characteristics of the resin, the yellowing control of the resin or the substrate 11, and the like. The pressure applied to the laminate is preferably in the range of 0.01MPa or more and 1MPa or less. When it is less than 0.01MPa, a problem is caused in the transfer film. On the other hand, when it exceeds 1MPa, it is necessary to use a metal roller as a pinch roller, and pressure non-uniformity is liable to occur. Therefore, such pressure is undesirable. Thus, as shown in fig. 11C, the second optical layer 5 is formed on the transflective layer 3, and thereby the optical film 1 is obtained.

Hereinafter, a method of forming the optical film 1 by using the manufacturing apparatus shown in fig. 8 will be described in detail. First, the second substrate 5a is supplied from a substrate supply roller (not shown), and the second substrate 5a passes under the coating device 45. Next, the ionizing radiation curable resin 44 is coated on the shape of the second substrate 5a by the coating device 45, which passes under the coating device 45. Next, the second substrate 5a on which the ionizing radiation curable resin 44 is coated is conveyed toward the laminating roller. On the other hand, the optical layer 9 provided with the transflective layer is supplied from an optical layer supply roller (not shown) and transported toward the laminating rollers 41 and 42.

Next, the transported second substrate 5a, and the optical layer 9 provided with a transflective layer are sandwiched by laminating rollers 41 and 42 in such a manner that air bubbles do not enter between the second substrate 5a and the optical layer 9 provided with a transflective layer, so that the optical layer 9 provided with a reflective layer is laminated on the second substrate 5 a. Next, the optical layer 9 provided with a transflective layer laminated on the second substrate 5a is conveyed while being brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the laminating roller 41, and the ionizing radiation curable resin 44 is irradiated with ionizing radiation from the side including the second substrate 5a by the irradiation device 46 to cure the ionizing radiation curable resin 44. As a result, the second substrate 5a, and the optical layer 9 provided with the transflective layer are attached to each other with the ionizing radiation curable resin 44 interposed therebetween, so that the optical film 1 having a desired length is manufactured. Next, the manufactured belt-shaped optical film 1 is wound up by a winding roll (not shown). As a result, a main roll in which the belt-shaped optical film 1 was wound was obtained.

When the process temperature during formation of the second optical layer is set to t deg.c, the cured first optical layer 4 preferably has a temperature of 3 × 10 at (t-20) ° c⁷Pa, storage modulus of elasticity. Here, the process temperature t represents, for example, a heating temperature of the laminating roller 41. Since the first optical layer 4 is disposed on the first substrate 4a and is transported along the laminating roller 41 with the first substrate 4a interposed therebetween, for example, the temperature applied to the first optical layer 4 is empirically about (t-20) ° c.

Therefore, the storage modulus of elasticity of the first optical layer 4at (t-20) ° C was adjusted to 3 × 10⁷Pa or more, deformation of the uneven shape of the interface in the optical layer attributed to heat or a combination of heat and pressure can be suppressed.

The first optical layer 4 preferably has a storage modulus of elasticity at 25 ℃ of 3 × 10⁹Pa or less. As a result, the optical film becomes flexible at room temperature. Therefore, the optical film 1 can be manufactured by such a roll-to-roll manufacturing process.

The process temperature t is preferably 200 ℃ or less in view of heat resistance of the optical layer or the resin for the substrate. However, when a resin having high heat resistance is used, the process temperature t may be set to 200 ℃ or more.

As described above, according to the optical film 1 according to the first embodiment, since the transflective layer 3 is formed on the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer 4, it is possible to block sunlight including visible light while suppressing glare and reflection. Further, since the second optical layer 5 closes the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer 4 on which the transflective layer 3 is formed and thus preferably makes the surface smooth, the transmitted image becomes clearly visible.

< modification example >

Modifications of the above-described embodiment will be described below.

[ first modification ]

Fig. 12A is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 12A, the optical film 1 according to the first modification has an incident surface S1 with a concave-convex shape. For example, the concave-convex shape of the incident surface S1 and the concave-convex shape of the first optical layer 4 are formed to correspond to each other. The position of the apex of the convex portion and the position of the bottom of the concave portion are aligned with each other. The concave-convex shape of the incident surface S1 is preferably gentler than the concave-convex shape of the first optical layer 4.

[ second modification ]

Fig. 12B is a cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 12B, in the optical film 1 according to the second modification, the height of the position of the apex of the convex portion in the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer 4 on which the transflective layer 3 is formed is almost the same as the position of the incident surface S1 of the first optical layer 4.

<2 > second embodiment

Fig. 13 to 16 show examples of the configuration of the structure formed in the optical film according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Parts in the second embodiment that correspond to parts in the first embodiment are indicated by the same reference numerals. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the structures 4c are two-dimensionally arranged on the main surface of the first optical layer 4. Preferably, the two-dimensional arrangement represents a two-dimensional arrangement in a most densely arranged state. This is because such an arrangement can improve directional reflectivity.

As shown in fig. 13A to 13C, for example, cylindrical structures (cylinders) 4C are arranged perpendicular to each other on the main surface of the first optical layer 4. Specifically, the first structures 4c aligned in the first direction and the second structures 4c aligned in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction are formed to pass through the sides of each other. The cylindrical structure 4C is a convex portion or a concave portion having a cylindrical shape such as a prism shape (see fig. 13A) and a lens shape (see fig. 13B), or a polygonal cylinder shape (see fig. 13C) having polygonal vertexes (e.g., pentagonal vertexes).

Further, by two-dimensionally arranging the structures 4c having a shape such as a sphere or a corner cube shape (as dense as possible) on the main surface of the first optical layer 4, a dense array such as a cubic dense array, a triangular dense array, or a hexagonal dense array can be formed. The solid square array is an array in which structures 4C each having a rectangular-like (e.g., square-like) bottom are arranged in a solid square form, i.e., a matrix form (lattice form), for example, as shown in fig. 14A to 14C. The hexagonal close-packed array is an array in which structures 4C each having a hexagonal base are arranged in a close-packed hexagonal form, for example, as shown in fig. 15A to 15C. A triangular dense array is an array in which structures 4c having structures 4c with triangular bases (e.g., corner cubes or triangular pyramids) are arranged in a most densely packed state, for example, as shown in fig. 16A to 16B.

The structures 4c are convex portions or concave portions each having, for example, a corner cube shape, a hemispherical shape, a semi-elliptical shape, a prismatic shape (prism shape), a cylindrical shape, a free-form curved surface shape, a polygonal shape, a conical shape, a polygonal pyramid shape, a truncated cone shape, a parabolic shape, or the like. The bottom of the structure 4c has, for example, a circular shape, an oval shape, or a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, a hexagonal shape, or an octagonal shape. The pitches (pitches) P1 and P2 of the structure 4c can be appropriately selected according to the desired optical performance. When the major axes of the structures 4c are inclined with respect to a vertical line perpendicular to the incident surface of the optical film 1, the major axes of the structures 4c are preferably inclined in at least one of the two-dimensional arrangement directions of the structures 4 c. When the optical film 1 is attached to a window member placed almost perpendicular to the ground, the major axis of the structure 4c is preferably inclined from the perpendicular line to face the lower portion (ground surface side) of the window member.

When the structure 4c has a corner-prism shape and the ridge line R is large, it is preferable that the major axis of the structure 4c is inclined to face the sky. However, from the viewpoint of the purpose of suppressing reflection toward the ground surface side, it is preferably inclined so as to face downward. For solar rays, it is difficult for light to be incident deep inside the structure because it is obliquely incident on the film, so that the shape of the structure on the incident side is important. That is, when R of the ridge line portion is large, retroreflector light decreases. Accordingly, in such a case, tilting the structure to face the sky may suppress this phenomenon. Further, although back reflection can be achieved by using the corner prism body by reflecting light from the reflection surface three times, a part of the light leaks in a direction different from the back reflection direction in the two reflections. A large amount of such leakage light can be returned in the direction of the sky by obliquely facing the corner cube to the ground side. In this way, it can be inclined to face any direction depending on the shape and purpose.

<3 > third embodiment

Fig. 17A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of an optical film according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the same portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is not repeated. The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a plurality of transflective layers 3 inclined with respect to an incident surface (on which light is incident) in the optical layer 2 are included, and the transflective layers 3 are arranged in parallel with each other.

Fig. 17B is a perspective view showing an example of the configuration of a structure in an optical film according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The structures 4c are projections having a triangular prism shape extending in one direction, and these cylindrical structures 4c are one-dimensionally arranged. The cross-section of the structure 4c perpendicular to the direction of extension of the structure 4c has the shape of a right triangle, for example. The transflective layer 3 is formed on the inclined surface of the structure 4c near an acute angle using a thin film forming method having directionality such as a deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like.

According to the third embodiment, a plurality of transflective layers 3 are arranged in parallel with each other in the optical layer 5. As a result, the number of reflections caused by the transflective layer 3 can be reduced as compared to the case where the structure 4c having a corner cube shape or a prism shape is formed. Therefore, the reflectivity can be increased, and the light absorption by the transflective layer 3 can be reduced.

<4 > fourth embodiment

The fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a part of incident light is directionally reflected and a part of the remaining light is scattered. The optical film 1 includes a light scatterer that scatters incident light. Such a scattering body is provided, for example, at least one position among on the surface of the optical layer 2, inside the optical layer 2, and between the transflective layer 3 and the optical layer 2. Preferably, the light scattering body is disposed at least one of on the surface of the first optical layer 4, in the first optical layer 4, and between the transflective layer 3 and the first optical layer 4. When the optical film 1 is attached to a support such as a window member or the like, it is applied to either of the indoor side and the outdoor side. When the optical film 1 is attached to the outdoor side, a light scattering body that scatters light is preferably provided only between the transflective layer 3 and a support such as a window member or the like. Because the directional reflection performance is lost when a light scatterer exists between the transflective layer 3 and the incident surface. Further, when the optical film 1 is attached to the indoor side, the light scatterer is preferably provided between the outgoing surface, which is the surface opposite to the surface to which the optical film 1 is attached, and the transflective layer 3.

Fig. 18A is a cross-sectional view showing a first configuration example of the optical film 1 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 18A, the first optical layer 4 contains a resin and fine particles 11. The fine particles 11 have a refractive index different from that of the resin that is the main component of the first optical layer 4. For example, at least one of organic fine particles and inorganic fine particles may be used as the fine particles 11. Further, hollow fine particles may be used as the fine particles 11. Examples of the fine particles 11 include silica; inorganic fine particles such as alumina; or organic fine particles such as styrene, acrylic, and copolymers thereof. In particular, it is preferable to use fine silica particles.

Fig. 18B is a sectional view showing a second configuration example of the optical film 1 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The optical film 1 further includes an optical diffusion layer 12 on the surface of the first optical layer 4, as shown in fig. 18B. For example, the optical diffusion layer 12 contains a resin and fine particles. The same ones as in the first example can be used as the fine particles.

Fig. 18C is a sectional view showing a third configuration example of the optical film 1 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 18C, the optical film 1 further includes an optical diffusion layer 12 between the transflective layer 3 and the first optical layer 4. The optical diffusion layer 12 contains, for example, a resin and fine particles. The same ones as in the first example can be used as the fine particles.

According to this fourth embodiment, a part of the incident light is directionally reflected, and a part of the remaining part of the light may be scattered. Therefore, when the optical film 1 is turbid, a visually attractive design can be provided to the optical film 1.

<5 > fifth embodiment

Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing one example of the configuration of an optical film according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The fifth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a self-cleaning layer 51 exhibiting a cleaning effect is further provided on an exposed surface opposite to the surface to be attached to the adherend in the incident surface S1 and the exit surface S2 of the optical film 1. The self-cleaning layer 51 contains, for example, a photocatalyst. For example, TiO₂Can be used as a photocatalyst.

As described above, the optical film 1 is characterized in that it is transflective with respect to incident light. When the optical film 1 is used outdoors or in an unclean room where a large amount of dust is present, light is scattered due to the dust adhering to the surface of the optical film 1, so that transmissivity and reflectivity are lost. Therefore, the surface of the optical film 1 is preferably always optically transparent. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface be excellent in water repellency or hydrophilicity and that the surface automatically develop a self-cleaning effect.

According to the fifth embodiment, since the optical film 1 includes the self-cleaning layer 51, water repellency, hydrophilicity, or the like can be imparted to the incident surface. Therefore, it is possible to suppress adhesion of dust or the like to the incident surface and suppress a decrease in the directional reflection characteristic.

<6 > sixth embodiment

The first embodiment has been described above in connection with application of the present invention to a window member or the like by way of example. However, the application of the present invention is not limited to such an example, and the present invention can be applied to various interior members or exterior members in addition to the window member. Further, the present invention is applicable not only to fixedly disposed interior and exterior members such as walls and roofs, but also to devices that move interior or exterior members to adjust transmitted and/or reflected sunlight, depending on variations in the amount of sunlight, which is caused as seasons change, time elapses, and the like, and which can adjust the amount of light entering an indoor space, and the like. In the sixth embodiment, an example of such a device is described in connection with a sunshade device (blind device) capable of adjusting the amount of incident light that is blocked by changing the angle of a sunshade member group including a plurality of sunshade members.

Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of a blind apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 20, the blind device as a sunshade device includes a head box 203, a slat group (sunshade member group) 202 including a plurality of slats (blades) 202a, and a bottom rail 204. The head box 203 is disposed above a slat group 202 including a plurality of slats 202 a. Ladder cords 206 and lift cords 205 extend downward from the head box 203, and a bottom rail 204 is suspended from the lower ends of these cords. The slat panels 202a serving as the sunshade members are each formed in an elongated rectangular shape, and are supported at predetermined intervals in a suspended state by ladder cords 206 extending downward from the head box 203. Further, the head box 203 is provided with an operation unit (not shown), such as a lever, for adjusting the angle of the slat group 202 including the plurality of slats 202 a.

The head box 203 serves as a driving unit that rotates the slat group 202 including the plurality of slats 202a in accordance with an operation of an operation unit such as a lever, thereby adjusting the amount of light entering the indoor space. Also, the head box 203 functions as a driving unit (lifting unit) that moves up and down the throat group 202 as necessary in accordance with the operation of the operation unit, such as a lifting rope 207.

Fig. 21A is a sectional view showing a first configuration example of the slat. As shown in fig. 21A, the slat 202 includes a base 211 and an optical film 1. The optical film 1 is preferably provided on one of the two main surfaces of the substrate 211, which is located on the side surface including the incident surface on which the extraneous light is incident (for example, on the side surface facing the window member) when the throat group 202 is in the closed state. The optical film 1 and the substrate 211 are attached to each other with an adhesion layer such as an adhesive layer or an adhesion layer interposed therebetween.

The substrate 211 may be formed in the shape of a sheet, a film, or a plate, for example. Glass, resin material, paper, cloth, or the like may be used as the material of the substrate 211. In view of the case of allowing visible light to enter a predetermined indoor space, it is preferable to use a resin material having transparency. The glass, resin, paper and cloth used herein may be the same as those generally used for conventional roll screens. The optical film 1 used here may be one type or a combination of two or more types of optical films 1 according to the above-described first to fifth embodiments.

Fig. 21B is a sectional view showing a second configuration example of the slat. As shown in fig. 21B, the second configuration example uses the optical film 1 as the slat 202 a. It is preferable that the optical film 1 may be supported by the ladder cord 205 and have a rigidity to such an extent that the shape thereof may be maintained in a supported state.

<7 > seventh embodiment

The seventh embodiment will be described in conjunction with a screen rolling device, which is another example of a sun-shading device capable of adjusting the amount of incident light rays blocked by a sun-shading member by winding or unwinding the sun-shading member.

Fig. 22A is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of a roll screen device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 22A, a screen rolling device 301 serving as a sun shade device includes a screen 302, a net cage 303, and a core member 304. The head box 303 is configured so that the screen 302 can be raised and lowered in accordance with the operation of an operation unit such as the chain 205. A winding shaft is included in the head box 303 to wind and unwind the screen, and the end of the screen 302 is coupled to the winding shaft. In addition, a core member 304 is coupled to the other end of the screen 302. The screen 302 has flexibility. The shape of the screen 302 is not particularly limited, but is preferably selected in accordance with the shape of a window member or the like to which the screen rolling device 301 is applied. For example, a rectangular shape may be selected.

Fig. 22B is a sectional view taken along line B-B shown in fig. 22A. As shown in fig. 22B, the screen 302 preferably includes a substrate 311 and an optical film 1, and has flexibility. The optical film 1 is preferably provided on one of two main surfaces of the substrate 211, the one main surface being located on a side including an incident surface on which extraneous light is incident (for example, on a side facing the window member). The optical film 1 and the substrate 311 are attached to each other with an adhesion layer such as an adhesive layer or an adhesion layer interposed therebetween. The configuration of the screen 302 is not limited to this example and the optical film 1 may be used as the screen 302 itself.

The substrate 311 may be formed in the shape of, for example, a sheet, a film, or a plate. Glass, a resin material, paper, cloth, or the like may be used as the material of the substrate 311. In view of the case where visible light is caused to enter a predetermined indoor space, for example, a resin material having transparency is preferably used. The glass, resin, paper or cloth used herein may be the same as those generally used for conventional roll screens. The optical film 1 used here may be one type or a combination of two or more types of optical films 1 according to the above-described first to fifth embodiments.

<8 > eighth embodiment

The eighth embodiment will be described by way of example in connection with the case where the present invention is applied to a building (accessory) such as an interior or exterior member, which includes an optical body provided with a daylight illumination section, the optical body having a directional reflection performance.

Fig. 23A is a perspective view showing one example of the configuration of a construction kit according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 23A, the fixture 401 is configured to include an optical body 402 disposed in a lighting portion 404. Specifically, the construction kit 401 includes an optical body 402 and a frame member 403 provided at the outer peripheral portion of the optical body 402. The optical body 402 is fixedly held by the frame member 403, but if necessary, the optical body 402 can be moved by detaching the frame member 403. Although one example of the building 401 is Shoji (paper sliding door), the present invention is not limited to this application example. The present invention can be applied to various types of construction equipment including a lighting part.

Fig. 23B is a cross-sectional view showing one example of the configuration of the optical body. As shown in fig. 23, the optical body 402 includes a substrate 411 and an optical film 1. The optical film 1 is provided on one of two main surfaces of the substrate 411, the one main surface being located on a side of an incident surface on which outside light is incident (for example, on a side facing the window member). The optical film 1 and the substrate 311 are attached to each other with an adhesion layer such as an adhesive layer or an adhesion layer interposed therebetween. The configuration of Shoji (paper sliding door) 402 is not limited to this example and the optical film 1 itself may be used as the optical body 402.

The base 411 is, for example, a sheet, a film, or a substrate having flexibility. Glass, a resin material, a paper material, a cloth material, or the like may be used as the material of the substrate 411. In consideration of a case where visible light is caused to enter a predetermined space such as an indoor space, for example, a resin material having transparency is preferably used. The glass, resin material, paper material, and cloth material used herein may be the same as the optical body generally used in conventional constructions. The optical film 1 used here may be one type or a combination of two or more types of optical films according to the above-described first to fifth embodiments.

[ examples ]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

In the following examples and comparative examples, the film thickness of the transflective layer that has been formed on the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer was measured in the following manner.

First, the optical film is cut with a FIB (focused ion beam) machine to expose a cross section. Next, the cross section of the optical film was observed by TEM (transmission electron microscope), and the film thickness in the direction perpendicular to the inclined surface of the structure was measured at the center of the inclined surface of the structure. This measurement was repeatedly performed at 10 positions selected at random within the same sample, the measured values were simply averaged (i.e., arithmetic average) to obtain an average film thickness, and this average film thickness was used as the film thickness of the transflective layer.

(example 1)

First, a Ni — P-made forming roll having minute V-shaped grooves shown in fig. 24A and 24B was made by cutting processing using a cutting car. Next, urethane acrylate (trade name: ARONIX, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., refractive index after curing: 1.533) was coated on a PET film (trade name: A4300, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 75 μm. The urethane acrylate is irradiated with UV light from the side including the PET film while the combination of the urethane acrylate and the PET film is brought into close contact with the mold to cure the urethane acrylate. Next, the laminate of the resin layer obtained as a result of curing of urethane acrylate and the PET film was peeled off from the Ni-P-made mold. As a result, a resin layer (hereinafter, formed resin layer) to which the prism shape has been transferred is formed on the PET film. Next, the transflective layer provided in table 1 was deposited on the surface on which the prism shape had been formed using a sputtering method using a mold. An alloy target having a composition of 98.5 at%/1.5 at% Al/Ti was used for film deposition of the AlTi layer used as a transflective layer.

Next, a resin composition having the following mixing ratio was coated on the transflective layer, and a PET film (trade name: a4300, manufactured by Toyobo co., ltd.) having a thickness of 75 μm was mounted thereon. Thereafter, the resulting structure is irradiated with UV light to cure the resin. As a result, the resin composition between the smooth PET film and the transflective layer is cured, so that a resin layer (hereinafter, referred to as a sealing resin layer) is formed. As a result, the optical film of example 1 intended to be obtained was obtained.

< preparation of resin composition >

99 parts by mass of urethane acrylate

(trade name: ARONIX, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., refractive index after curing: 1.533)

1 part by mass of 2-acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate

(Photoacrylate P-1A, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.)

(example 2)

An optical film of example 2 was obtained in a similar manner to example 1 except that an original plate having a shape (minute intersecting V-grooves) reverse to that shown in fig. 25A and 25B was used.

(example 3)

An optical film of example 3 was obtained in a similar manner to example 1 except that a minute triangular pyramid shown in fig. 26A to 26C was used, and the transflective layer provided in table 1 was used.

(example 4)

An optical film of example 4 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3, except that the transflective layer provided in table 1 was used. The GAZO layer is deposited by DC pulse sputtering using a composition of Ga₂O₃/Al₂O₃/ZnO＝0.57at％/0.31at％/99.12at% of an oxide target, and 100% argon gas was used as a sputtering gas.

(example 5)

An optical film of example 5 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3, except that the transflective layer provided in table 1 was used.

(example 6)

An optical film of example 6 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3, except that the transflective layer provided in table 1 was used.

(example 7)

An optical film of example 7 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3 except that the transflective layer provided in table 1 was used. An alloy target having a composition of Ag/Nd/Cu of 99.0 at%/0.4 at%/0.6 at% was used for depositing an AgNd Cu layer as a silver alloy layer.

(example 8)

An optical film of example 8 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3 except that a resin (trade name: ARONIX, manufactured by Toagosei co., Ltd) having a refractive index of 1.542 after curing was used for the upper layer (sealing resin layer), and the difference in refractive index between the resin of the upper layer and the resin of the lower layer was set to 0.009.

(example 9)

An optical film of example 9 was obtained in a similar manner to example 5 except that a resin (trade name: ARONIX, manufactured by Toagosei co., Ltd) having a refractive index of 1.540 after curing was used as the material of the upper layer (the sealing resin layer), and the difference in refractive index between the upper layer (the sealing resin layer) and the lower layer (the molding resin layer) was set to 0.007.

Comparative example 1

The optical film of comparative example 1 was obtained by depositing a transflective layer having the film thickness provided in table 1 on a PET film having a smooth surface.

Comparative example 2

The optical film of comparative example 2 was obtained by depositing a transflective layer having the film thickness provided in table 1 on a PET film having a smooth surface.

Comparative example 3

An optical film of comparative example 3 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3 except that the transflective layer provided in table 1 was formed.

Comparative example 4

The optical film of comparative example 4 was obtained in such a manner that the process up to the process of forming the transflective layer was similar to that in example 3, but the top surface of the transflective layer was not covered with resin, but was exposed after obtaining the PET film having the formed resin layer provided with the transflective layer.

Comparative example 5

The optical film of comparative example 5 was obtained in such a manner that the process up to the process of forming the transflective layer was similar to that in example 3, but after obtaining a PET film having a formed resin layer provided with a transflective layer, the formed surface in which the transflective layer was formed was coated with the same resin as the blocking resin according to example 1. Then, in N₂The UV light was irradiated after purging to avoid hardening inhibition by oxygen in a state where the PET film was not formed on the coating resin, to cure the resin. As a result, an optical film of comparative example 5 was obtained.

Comparative example 6

An optical film of comparative example 6 was obtained in a similar manner to example 3 except that a resin (trade name: ARONIX, manufactured by Toagosei co., ltd.) having a refractive index of 1.546 after curing was used for the upper layer (blocking layer), and the difference in refractive index between the upper layer (blocking resin layer) and the lower layer (forming resin layer) was set to 0.013.

(evaluation of Glare)

Glare evaluations of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were as follows.

The prepared optical film was attached to glass having a thickness of 3mm with an optically clear adhesive to prepare a sample. Next, the light of the room fluorescent lamp was reflected from the samples at an angle of about 30 ° with respect to the vertical axis of the samples, and the regularly reflected light was observed at a distance of 30cm from each sample. The observed light was evaluated by the following criteria, and the results are listed in table 2.

o: the fluorescent lamp showed the same degree of glare as the case where a single glass having a thickness of 3mm was used;

x: glare of reflected light of fluorescent lamps is so intense that it is difficult to view the reflected light for a long time.

(evaluation of reflection)

The reflection evaluation of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was as follows.

The prepared optical film was attached to glass having a thickness of 3mm using an optically transparent adhesive. Next, these glasses were set in an environment of about 1000lx illuminance, and the reflected image of the observer was observed at a distance of 2mm from the glass. The observed images were evaluated by the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2.

o: the reflected image is almost to the same extent as in the case of using only glass with a thickness of 3 mm.

X: the sides on the glass are not visible due to the reflected image.

(evaluation of visibility)

The visibility of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was evaluated as follows.

First, the prepared optical film was attached to glass having a thickness of 3mm using an optically transparent adhesive. Next, these glasses were held at a distance of about 50cm from the eyes, and the interior of the next building present on each glass within a distance of about 10m was observed and evaluated by the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2.

No ghost due to diffraction was observed and the view was the same as that using a normal window.

o: there were no problems under conventional conditions, but ghosts (double images) attributable to diffraction were observed when a specular reflector was present.

Δ: objects and their shapes are distinguished, but ghosts attributable to diffraction adjoin the observer.

x: obscuration (blurring) occurs due to the diffraction effect, so that the inside cannot be distinguished.

(evaluation of spectral transmittance, reflectance and chroma)

The spectral transmittance and reflectance of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were evaluated as follows.

Spectral transmittance and reflectance in the visible region and the near infrared region were measured using DUV3700 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. In the measurement of the transmittance, the light ray incident angle to the sample was set to 0 ° (normal incidence), and the linearly transmitted light was measured. Transmission spectrum waveforms (spectral transmission waveforms) are shown in fig. 27A to 27B and fig. 28A to 28B. Further, in the measurement of the reflectance, the reflectance was measured using an integrating sphere under the condition that the shape transfer side of the optical films of the examples and comparative examples was set as the incident side on which the light ray was incident, and the incident angle of the light ray to each sample was set to 8 °.

The transmitted hue was calculated from spectrophotometer data according to JIS Z8701(1999) with a D65 light source used as the light source and a 2 ° field of view. The results are shown in Table 2.

Visible light transmittance, solar light transmittance and solar light reflectance were calculated from spectrophotometer data according to JIS a5759(2008) except that below (for solar light reflectance calculation, JIS a5759 stipulates that incident is 10 ° and regular reflected light is measured, however, since reflected light is reflected in a direction different from the regular reflection direction in a sample having directional reflectance such as the film of the present invention, reflectance is measured using an integrating sphere). The results are shown in Table 2.

(evaluation of non-selectivity of Transmission wavelength)

To determine whether both visible and infrared light is effectively blocked, a measurement of spectral transmittance is used. The transmission at a wavelength of 500nm was divided by the transmission at a wavelength of 1000nm to calculate the transmission wavelength non-selectivity. The results are shown in Table 2.

(evaluation of Directional reflection)

Fig. 29 shows the configuration of a measuring instrument used in the evaluation of the directional reflection of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6. The direction of the directional reflection is evaluated with this measuring instrument as follows.

A halogen light source 101 calibrated to a parallelism (parallelism) of 5 ° or less is used, and light reflected by a half mirror (half mirror) 102 is used as incident light. Under such conditions, light is emitted toward the sample 103 as an optical film, and directional reflection is detected by the spectroscope 104. Sample 103 is set to be tilted at 5 ° with respect to incident light, detector 104 scans over a range of 0 ° to 90 ° (θ m) while rotating at 360 ° (Φ m) in the sample surface, and the average of the reflected intensities for wavelengths of 900nm to 1550nm are plotted in polar coordinates. The results are shown in fig. 31 to 33. The direction of the directional reflection is calculated from these results. The results are shown in Table 2.

Hereinafter, the correspondence between the direction of the directional reflection (θ, φ) shown in FIG. 2 and the direction in which the directional reflection (θ m, φ m) is measured as shown in FIG. 29 will be described.

As described above, the direction (θ, Φ) of the directional reflection shown in fig. 2 is defined as follows.

θ: from a vertical line l perpendicular to the incident surface S1₁And incident light L or reflected light L₁The angle formed;

phi: from a particular straight line l in the incident plane S1₂And the incident light L or the reflected light L projected on the incident surface S1₁The angle formed by the components of (a),

a specific straight line l in the incident plane₂: wherein when the incident angle (θ, φ) is fixed, and the directional reflector 1 is rotated about a vertical line l serving as an axis perpendicular to the incident plane S1 of the sample 103 serving as an optical film₁The axis of rotation in which the intensity of the reflection in the direction phi becomes maximum.

On the other hand, the measurement is performed by tilting the sample 103 with respect to the axis of the incident light ray, and the direction θ m of the directional reflection is plotted with respect to the axis of the incident light ray in the measurement of the directional reflection of the present embodiment. Further, when the rotation angle of the sample 103 during measurement is defined as Φ m, and when the direction Φ m is 0 °, l is not compared with the case of using some directions in which the sample 103 is mounted during measurement₂In the case of an aligned arrangement, compensation by the degree of misalignment is necessary. Further, when the reflection direction θ of the light ray is negative based on the definition of the direction (θ, φ), the azimuth angle of (θ, φ) is inverted so that θ becomes positive.

The correspondence between the directions (θ, φ) of the directional reflection shown in FIG. 2 and the directions (θ m, φ m) in which the directional reflection is measured as shown in FIG. 29 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 30. Herein, for simplicity of description, only the directions θ and θ m are considered.

When the sample 103 is inclined by α ° with respect to the incident light, the correspondence between the directions (θ m, Φ m) and the directions (θ, Φ) of the incident light L, the directionally reflected light L1, and the directionally reflected light L2 is expressed as follows.

Direction of incident light L: (θ m, Φ m) ═ 0, Φ m) (θ, Φ) ═ α, Φ)

Direction of directionally reflected light L1: (θ m, Φ m) ═ θ m 1(Φ m) (θ, Φ) ═ α + θ m 1(Φ m)

Direction of directionally reflected light L2: (θ m, Φ m) — (θ m2, Φ m) (θ, Φ) — (α - θ m2, Φ m) → (θ m2- α, Φ m-180 °)

Here, the direction of the directional reflection of embodiment 1 is specifically described by way of example.

For the directional reflection of embodiment 1, although reflection occurs in two directions (θ m, Φ m) ═ 7 °,0 °) and (7 °,180 °), since the angle of the incident beam is θ ═ 5 °, and l₂The direction is set to be aligned with Φ m ═ 0 °, so the direction of the directional reflection becomes (5+7 °,0 °) ═ 12 °,0 °, and (5-7 °,0 °) (— 2 °,0 °) - (2 °,180 °).

(evaluation of visibility of Transmission image)

The visibility of transmitted images of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was evaluated as follows. The transmission image visibility was evaluated by using optical combs having comb widths of 2.0mm, 1.0mm, 0.5mm and 0.125mm, respectively, according to JIS-K7105. The measuring instrument used for this evaluation was an image clarity Tester (model ICM-1T) manufactured by Suga Tester Ltd. Next, the sum of the visibility of the transmission images measured by using the optical combs having comb widths of 2.0mm, 1.0mm, 0.5mm, and 0.125mm was calculated. The results are provided in table 3. Further, a D65 light source was used as the light source.

(evaluation of haze)

The optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were evaluated for haze as follows.

The turbidity was measured by using a turbidimeter (hazemeter) HM-150 (manufactured by Murakami color Technical Research Institute) based on the measurement conditions specified in JIS K7136. The results are listed in table 3. A D65 light source was used as the light source.

(measurement of surface roughness)

The surface roughness of the optical film of comparative example 5 was evaluated as follows.

The roughness curve was obtained from a two-dimensional profile curve by using a stylus-type surface profile measuring apparatus ET-4000 (manufactured by Osaka laboratory), and an arithmetic average roughness Ra was calculated. The measurement conditions were set in accordance with JIS B0601: 2001. The measurement conditions are shown below.

λc＝0.8mm

Evaluation length: 4mm

Cutoff value x 5 times

Interval of data sampling: 0.5 μm

Table 1 shows the configurations of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6.

[ Table 1]

CCP: corner cube pattern

Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6.

[ Table 2]

Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the optical films of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 6.

[ Table 3]

From the above evaluation results, the following is understood.

Since the prism shape and the cross-prism shape are used in embodiments 1 and 2, incident light is directionally reflected in two directions. On the other hand, since the corner cube shapes were used in examples 3 to 9, the incident light was reflected back in one direction.

In the optical films of comparative examples 1 and 2, since the reflective layer has a flat surface, glare and reflection are observed from the film.

In the optical film of comparative example 3, since the transflective layer is too thick, i.e., 100nm in thickness, the transmission visibility is reduced.

In the optical film of comparative example 4, since the transflective layer is not closed by the closing layer, visibility is reduced.

In the case of using the optical film of comparative example 4, directional reflectivity was obtained for near-infrared rays having a wavelength of about 1200nm, and visible rays were transmitted. However, the transflective layer is not subjected to a transparency treatment such as formation of a sealing resin layer, so that an object disposed on the optical film is not visible.

In the optical film of comparative example 5, it was difficult to completely smooth the surface when the transparency treatment was performed. For this reason, in the case of using the optical film of comparative example 5, the object disposed on the optical film was not visible, as in the case of using the optical film of comparative example 4. The spacing according to the bottom edge of the triangular pyramid is 100 μm, the maximum height Rz is about 1.6 μm, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 0.15 μm; it will be appreciated that a smoother surface is necessary to make the transmitted image appear clearer.

In the optical film of comparative example 6, since the refractive index of the sealing resin layer was 1.546 and the refractive index of the molding resin layer was 1.533, the refractive index difference between them was excessively large, and thus a diffraction pattern was generated and visibility was reduced.

As described above, in order to block sunlight including visible rays while suppressing glare and reflection, the transflective layer is preferably formed on the molding resin layer.

In order to make the transmitted image clearly visible, it is preferable that the transflective layer is enclosed by the enclosing resin layer, the refractive index of the molding resin layer and the refractive index of the enclosing resin layer are almost the same, and the surface of the enclosing resin layer is smooth.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail as above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications may be made thereto based on the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, the above-mentioned configurations, methods, shapes, materials, and numerical values are provided by way of example only, and accordingly, different configurations, methods, shapes, materials, and numerical values may be used if necessary.

The various configurations of the above-described embodiments may be combined with each other as long as it does not depart from the gist of the present invention.

Further, in the embodiments, the example in which the blind apparatus and the screen rolling apparatus are manually driven has been described, but the blind apparatus and the screen rolling apparatus may be electrically driven.

Further, although the configuration in which the optical film is attached to an adherend such as a window member or the like has been described as an example in the above embodiment, another configuration may be employed in which the first optical layer or the second optical layer of the optical film itself is used as the adherend such as a window member or the like. As a result, a function of directional reflection can be imparted to an optical body such as a window member or the like in advance.

Further, for example, the above embodiments have been described in connection with a case where the optical body is an optical film. However, the shape of the optical body is not limited to a film, but may be a plate, a block, or the like.

The above embodiments have been described in connection with a case where the present invention is applied to an interior member or an exterior member such as a window member, a building, a slat of a blind apparatus, a screen of a roll screen apparatus, and the like. However, the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, and may be applied to an internal member or an external member different from those in the above-described embodiments.

Examples of the internal member or external member to which the optical body according to the present invention is applied include an internal member or external member formed of the optical body itself, an internal member or external member formed of a transparent substrate to which a directional reflector is attached, and the like. When such an interior member or exterior member is installed, for example, indoors, near a window, it is possible to directionally reflect only infrared rays toward the outside of the indoor space and to let visible light rays into the indoor space. Therefore, even when the interior member or the exterior member is mounted, the necessity of interior lighting is reduced. Further, since there is little scattering reflection toward the indoor side by the internal member or the external member, an increase in the ambient temperature can be suppressed. Further, it may be used to attach members other than the transparent substrate depending on the purpose, such as visibility control and strength improvement.

Further, the above embodiments have been described in connection with an example in which the present invention is applied to a blind apparatus and a screen rolling apparatus has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and can be applied to various sunshade devices provided indoors or outdoors.

Further, the above embodiment has been described in connection with an example in which the present invention is applied to a sunshade device (e.g., a roll screen device) capable of adjusting the amount of incident light rays blocked by a sunshade member by rolling up or rolling off the sunshade member, but the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, the present invention is applicable to a sunshade device capable of adjusting the amount of incident light rays blocked by a sunshade member by folding the sunshade member. Examples of the sunshade device include a folded screen device that adjusts the amount of blocked incident light by folding a screen serving as a sunshade member into a concertina.

Further, the above embodiments have been described in connection with an example in which the present invention is applied to a horizontal blind apparatus (venetian blind apparatus). However, the present invention is also applicable to a vertical blind apparatus (vertical blind apparatus).

List of labels

1 optical film

2 optical layer

3 transflective layer

4 first optical layer

4a first substrate

5 second optical layer

5a second substrate

6 bonding layer

7 Release layer

8 hard coating

9 optical layer provided with a transflective layer

Incident surface of S1

S2 emergent surface

Claims

1. An optical body, comprising:

a first optical layer comprising a relief surface;

a transflective layer formed on the concavo-convex surface, the transflective layer including a material whose main component is a single component selected from Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Pd, Co, Si, Ta, W, Mo, and Ge or an alloy containing two or more selected from these; and

a second optical layer formed to enclose concave and convex portions in the concave-convex surface on which the transflective layer is formed, wherein

The transflective layer directionally reflects a portion of light incident on the incident face at an incident angle (theta, phi) in a direction other than a direction of regular reflection (-theta, phi +180 deg.),

wherein, θ: from a perpendicular line l perpendicular to the plane of incidence₁And an angle formed by incident light incident on the incident surface or reflected light reflected from the incident surface, phi: from a particular straight line i in said plane of incidence₂And a component of incident light or reflected light projected on the incident surface, and the specific straight line i in the incident surface₂: when the incident angle (θ, φ) is fixed and the transflective layer is rotated around the perpendicular line l perpendicular to the incident plane serving as a rotation axis₁The axis on which the reflection intensity toward the direction phi becomes maximum when rotating.

2. The optical body of claim 1,

the visibility of a transmitted image of an optical comb of 0.5mm measured in accordance with JIS K-7105 with respect to light of a wavelength which has been transmitted is 30 or more.

3. The optical body of claim 1,

the sum of the values of the visibility of transmitted images of the optical combs of 0.125mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm measured in accordance with JIS K-7105 with respect to the light of the wavelength which has been transmitted is 170 or more.

4. The optical body of claim 1,

the difference between the refractive index of the first optical layer and the refractive index of the second optical layer is 0.010 or less.

5. The optical body of claim 1,

the direction phi of the directional reflection is more than minus 90 degrees and less than 90 degrees.

6. The optical body of claim 1,

the direction of the directional reflection is in the vicinity of (theta, -phi).

7. The optical body of claim 1,

the direction of the directional reflection is in the vicinity of (theta, phi).

8. The optical body of claim 1,

the transflective layer has a shape in which cylindrical structures each extending in one direction are arranged one-dimensionally, and in a direction (θ)_o-phi) reflects a portion of said light incident on said entrance face at said angle of incidence (theta, phi), wherein 0 deg. °<θ_o<90°，

Wherein, θ: an angle formed by a perpendicular line with respect to the incident surface and the incident light incident on the incident surface or reflected light coming out from the incident surface, and

phi: an angle formed by a straight line within the incident plane and a component of the incident or reflected light projected onto the incident plane, the straight line being perpendicular to a ridge line of a surface of a cylinder.

9. The optical body of claim 1,

the transflective layer includes a plurality of transflective layers inclined with respect to the incident surface, and

the plurality of transflective layers are parallel to each other.

10. The optical body of claim 1,

the directionally reflected light is light in a wavelength band of 400nm or more and 2100nm or less.

11. The optical body of claim 1,

the first optical layer and the second optical layer are formed of the same resin that is transmissive to a visible light region, and an additive is added to the second optical layer.

12. The optical body of claim 1,

the concave-convex surface of the first optical layer is formed by arranging a plurality of structures in one or two dimensions, and the structures have a prism shape, a lens shape, a hemispherical shape, or a corner cube shape.

13. The optical body of claim 12,

the major axis of the structure is inclined from a vertical line perpendicular to the incident surface toward a direction in which the structures are arranged.

14. The optical body of claim 12,

the pitch of the structures is from 5 μm to 5 mm.

15. The optical body of claim 1,

at least one of the first optical layer and the second optical layer absorbs light of a specific wavelength band in a visible region.

16. The optical body of claim 1,

the first optical layer and the second optical layer form an optical layer, and

the optical body further includes a light diffuser disposed on a surface of the optical layer, in the optical layer, and between the transflective layer and the optical layer.

17. The optical body of claim 1,

the chromaticity coordinates x and y with respect to the transmitted hue of the D65 light source range from 0.280. ltoreq. x.ltoreq.0.345 and 0.285. ltoreq. y.ltoreq.0.370.

18. The optical body of claim 1,

the ratio of the transmittance at a wavelength of 500nm to the transmittance at a wavelength of 1000nm is 1.8 or less.

19. The optical body of claim 1, further comprising:

a water-repellent or hydrophilic layer on the incident surface of the optical body.

20. An optical body as recited in claim 1, further comprising a hard coating formed on one of the entrance or exit faces of the optical body.

21. An optical body as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second optical layers comprises a storage modulus of elasticity of 3 × 10 at 25 ℃⁹A resin having a Pa or less.

22. An optical body as recited in claim 1, further comprising an optical diffuser layer between the transflective layer and the first optical layer, the optical diffuser layer comprising a resin and fine particles.

23. A window member comprising the optical body of any one of claims 1-22.

24. A construction kit comprising the optical body of any of claims 1-22 in a light-harvesting portion.

25. A sun shading device comprising a sun shading member or members that block sunlight, wherein the sun shading member comprises the optical body according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

26. A method of manufacturing an optical body, the method comprising:

forming a first optical layer comprising a relief surface;

forming a transflective layer on the concavo-convex surface of the first optical layer, wherein the transflective layer comprises a material whose main component is a single component selected from Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Ti, Pd, Co, Si, Ta, W, Mo and Ge or an alloy containing two or more selected from these; and

forming a second optical layer on the transflective layer so as to close concave and convex portions in the concave-convex face on which the transflective layer is formed, wherein,

wherein, θ: from a perpendicular line l perpendicular to the plane of incidence₁And an angle formed by incident light on the incident surface or reflected light coming out from the incident surface,

phi: from a particular straight line i in said plane of incidence₂And a component of the incident light or reflected light projected onto the incident surface, and

the specific straight line i in the incident plane₂: when the incident angle (θ, φ) is fixed and the transflective layer is rotated around the perpendicular line l perpendicular to the incident plane serving as an axis₁The axis on which the reflection intensity in the direction phi becomes maximum when rotating.