HK1227086A1 - Temperature-stabilized storage systems with integral regulated cooling - Google Patents

Description

Temperature-stabilized storage system with integrated regulated refrigeration

All subject matter of the priority application is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.

Disclosure of Invention

In some embodiments, a regulated heat transfer device for a storage container includes: a phase change material cell comprising one or more walls surrounding a phase change material region, and an aperture in the one or more walls; a heat pipe having a first end disposed within the phase change material unit, and a second end; a thermoelectric unit thermally connected to the second end of the heat pipe; a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and an electronic controller operatively connected to the thermoelectric unit; wherein the regulated heat transfer device is sized and shaped to be positioned such that the phase change material unit is within the storage area of the temperature stable storage vessel and the thermoelectric unit is positioned adjacent to an outer surface of the temperature stable storage vessel.

In some embodiments, a temperature-stable storage container comprises: one or more lengths of super effective insulation material substantially defining a temperature stable storage container comprising a temperature stable storage region and a single access aperture to the temperature stable storage region; a phase change material cell attached to an inner surface of the temperature stable storage region; a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material unit and the second end being disposed adjacent to the single access hole on the outer surface of the temperature-stable storage container; a thermoelectric unit in contact with the second end of the heat pipe; a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit.

In some embodiments, a temperature-stable storage container comprises: an outer wall generally defining an outer surface of the storage container, the outer wall including an outer aperture in an upper region; an inner wall generally defining a temperature-stable storage region inside the storage container, the inner wall including an inner bore in an upper region; a gap between the outer wall and the inner wall; a conduit connecting the outer bore to the inner bore; one or more sections of super active insulation material in the gap; a phase change material cell attached to an inner surface of the temperature stable storage region; a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material unit and the second end being disposed adjacent the outer aperture; a thermoelectric unit in contact with the second end of the heat pipe; a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an external side view of a temperature-stabilized storage container including a regulated heat transfer device.

Fig. 2 is an external isometric view of a temperature-stabilized storage container including a regulated heat transfer device.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the exterior of a temperature-stabilized storage container including a regulated heat transfer device.

FIG. 4 is a top view of a temperature-stabilized storage container including a regulated heat transfer device with a lid removed.

Fig. 5 is an external view of a regulated heat transfer device.

Fig. 6 is an external side view of a regulated heat transfer device.

Fig. 7 is a view of the regulated heat transfer device with the cover removed.

Fig. 8 is a view of the regulated heat transfer device with the cover removed.

Fig. 9 is a generally vertical cross-sectional view of a regulated heat transfer device.

Fig. 10 is a generally vertical cross-sectional view of a regulated heat transfer device.

Fig. 11 is a generally vertical cross-sectional view of a regulated heat transfer device.

Fig. 12 is a generally vertical cross-sectional view of the regulated heat transfer device in place within the storage container.

Fig. 13 is a generally vertical cross-sectional view of the regulated heat transfer device in place within the storage container.

Fig. 14 is a generally horizontal cross-sectional view of the regulated heat transfer device in place within the storage container.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the regulated heat transfer device and storage unit in place within a temperature stable storage container.

Detailed Description

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, like reference numerals generally identify like parts, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter set forth herein.

The use of the same symbols in different drawings typically indicates similar or equivalent items, unless the context dictates otherwise.

Fig. 1 illustrates a detailed view of a temperature-stabilized storage container 100 including a regulated heat transfer device, according to an embodiment. Fig. 1 shows a side view of a temperature-stabilized storage container 100 from the outside. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 includes a regulated thermal transfer device that includes a circuit unit 110 and a heat dissipation unit 120 that are visible in the external view of fig. 1. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 also includes a housing 130, the housing 130 being attached to a top region of the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. The housing 130 includes a plurality of apertures disposed substantially vertically within the housing 130. In the view shown in fig. 1, first aperture 140 and second aperture 150 are visible. The first and second apertures 140, 150 are configured to, among other things, serve as handles for the temperature stable storage container 100 for a user of the container to move the position of the container within a space.

In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container comprises a substantially thermally sealed storage container. See, for example, U.S. patent application No.13/906,909 filed on 31/5/2013 entitled "TEMPERATURE-stabilizedstomaysoysist mswis redevelatedsoledcooling", inventor jonathan blonow, RyanCalderon, davidgasporino, WilliamGates, roderick a.hyde, edward k.y.jung, ShiengLiu, nathanp.myhrvold, nathanjohn pegram, clance t.tegreene, charles whitmer, lowell.wood, jr.and oz emeguldim, which is incorporated by reference.

In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container may have a size and shape that is portable, such as within a portability estimation that is reasonably expected for an individual's person. The temperature-stable storage container may be configured in size and shape for carrying or handling by an individual. For example, in some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container has a mass of less than about 50 kilograms (kg) or less than about 30 kg. For example, in some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage vessel has a length and width of less than about 1 meter (m). Although the temperature-stable storage container 100 illustrated in fig. 1 is configured substantially cylindrically, a variety of shapes are possible depending on the embodiment. For example, a rectangular or irregular shape may be desirable in some embodiments, depending on the intended use of the temperature stable storage container.

In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container includes a base attached to an exterior of the container at a container region that is disposed as a lower region in an intended use of the container. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 shown in fig. 1 includes a base 160, the base 160 being configured to provide stability and balance to the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. For example, the base 160 may provide mass to ensure stability of the temperature-stable storage container 100 in an upright position or a position for its intended use. For example, the base 160 may provide mass and form a stable support structure for the temperature-stable storage container 100. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container 100 is configured to be maintained in a position such that a single access aperture to a substantially thermally sealed storage region is generally maintained substantially at the highest elevated surface of the temperature-stable storage container. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, this arrangement minimizes heat transfer from the area surrounding the temperature-stabilized storage container 100 to the storage area within the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. In order to maintain the thermal stability of the storage area within the temperature-stable storage container 100 over time, heat transfer from the exterior of the temperature-stable storage container 100 to the heat in the temperature-stable storage container 100 is undesirable. The base 160 of sufficient mass may be configured to support maintaining the temperature-stable storage container 100 in place for this embodiment during use. The base 160 of sufficient mass may be configured to support maintaining the temperature-stabilized storage container 100 in position to minimize heat transfer from outside the temperature-stabilized storage container 100 into a storage region within the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. In some embodiments, the outer wall of the access tube may be elongated and/or non-linear to create an elongated thermal pathway between the container 100 and the exterior and the interior of the container.

In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container 100 may include one or more handles 170 attached to an outer surface of the container 100, wherein the handles 170 are configured for transport of the container 100. The handle may be fixed to the surface of the container, for example welded, snap-fitted or glued to the surface of the container. The handle may be operatively attached to but not secured to the surface of the container, such as with a strap (harness), a binding, a hoop, or a chain extending along the surface of the container. The handle may be positioned to hold the container on top of the container during transport, thereby minimizing heat transfer from the exterior of the container through the access tube.

The temperature-stable storage container may include an electronic component. For example, fig. 1 depicts a circuit unit 110 placed on top of a container 100. While this may be desirable, according to particular embodiments, to minimize heat emission (i.e., heat output) within the container, electronic components having heat emission may be operatively attached to the exterior of the container so as not to provide heat to the interior of the container. For example, fig. 1 depicts the heat sink unit 120 positioned adjacent the top edge of the container 100. For example, one or more positioning devices (such as GPS devices) may be attached to the exterior of the container. One or more positioning devices may be constructed as part of a system including, for example, a monitor, a display, circuitry, a power source, an operating unit, and a transmitting unit. In one embodiment, where the circuit is disposed within the interior region of the container during use, the circuit of low heat emission performance is selected and positioned and utilized to minimize heat emission.

According to particular embodiments, one or more power sources may be attached to the temperature-stabilized storage container, where the power source is configured to power circuitry within the container or within a regulated heat transfer device attached to the container. For example, the photovoltaic unit may be attached to an outer surface of the temperature-stable storage container. For example, the photovoltaic unit may be attached to a building or structure in which the container is located, and wires or similar cables may connect the circuitry within the container or within the regulated heat transfer attached to the container to the external photovoltaic unit. For example, the battery cell may be attached to an outer surface of a temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more electrical wires may be disposed within an access tube of a temperature-stabilized storage container to power circuitry within the container or within a regulated heat transfer device attached to the temperature-stabilized storage container. For example, one or more power sources may be attached to an exterior surface of the temperature-stabilized storage container, wherein the power sources are configured to power circuitry within the container. For example, one or more power sources may be attached to an exterior surface of the temperature-stabilized storage container, where the power sources are configured to power circuitry integral with a regulated heat transfer device attached to the temperature-stabilized storage container. The power source may comprise a wireless transmitting power source such as that described in U.S. patent application No.2005/0143787 to Boveja entitled "method and system for providing wireless power for a wireless power supply, and to using a retrievable instrumentation transmitter," which is incorporated herein by reference. The power source may comprise a magnetic transmission power source. The power source may include a battery. The power source may include a solar panel, such as a photovoltaic panel. The power supply may include an AC power source with an inverter to supply DC current to circuitry within the temperature-stabilized storage container or within a regulated heat transfer device attached to the temperature-stabilized storage container.

According to a specific embodiment, one or more temperature sensors may be attached to an outer surface of the temperature-stabilized storage container. One or more temperature sensors may be configured, for example, to display the ambient temperature at the surface of the temperature-stabilized storage container. One or more temperature sensors may be configured to transmit data to one or more systems, for example. One or more temperature sensors may be configured, for example, as part of a temperature monitoring system.

According to embodiments, one or more emitter units may be operatively attached to the temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more emitter units may be operatively attached to an outer surface of the temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more emitter units may be operatively attached to an internal unit within a temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more emitter units may be operatively attached to a regulated heat transfer device that is attached to a temperature-stable storage container. According to embodiments, the one or more receiving units may be operatively attached to a temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more receiving units may be operatively attached to an outer surface of a temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more receiving units may be operatively attached to an internal unit within a temperature-stable storage container. For example, one or more receiving units may be operatively attached to a regulated heat transfer device that is attached to a temperature-stable storage container.

Fig. 2 depicts an isometric external view of the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 includes a regulated thermal transfer device that includes a circuit unit 110 and a heat dissipation unit 120 that are visible in the external view of fig. 2. The heat dissipation unit 120 includes a plurality of linear slits in a cover of the heat dissipation unit 120, which are provided to provide air flow between an area adjacent to the heat dissipation unit 120 and the inside of the heat dissipation unit 120. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 also includes a housing 130, the housing 130 being attached to a top region of the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. The housing 130 includes a plurality of apertures disposed substantially vertically within the housing 130. The embodiment shown in fig. 2 includes a plurality of handles 170 attached to the exterior of the temperature stable storage container 100. The illustrated embodiment includes a base 160 attached to the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. The housing 130 and base 160 are attached to the distal end of the temperature stable storage container 100 shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 3 shows a top view of an embodiment of the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 includes a regulated thermal transfer device that includes a circuit unit 110 and a heat dissipation unit 120 that are visible in the view of fig. 3. The heat sink unit 120 includes a plurality of slots in a visible cover of the heat sink unit that are positioned to provide airflow through the cover. The cover 300 covers a single access hole to an internal storage area within the temperature-stable storage container 100. The lid 300 is attached to a hinge 310, the hinge 310 being configured to move the lid 300 to access the interior storage area of the container as desired by the user.

Fig. 4 shows a top view of an embodiment of a temperature-stabilized storage container 100. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the circuit unit 110 and the heat dissipation unit 120 of the regulated heat transfer device integrated with the container do not include a cover. The internal areas of the circuit unit 110 and the heat dissipation unit 120 are partially shown in the view of fig. 4. The heat dissipation unit 120 includes a plurality of planar heat transfer units disposed generally horizontally with respect to a typical orientation of the container (e.g., as shown in fig. 1). The top heat transfer unit 400 is shown in the view of fig. 4 as a generally flat sheet. The heat dissipation unit 120 further includes a plurality of heat pipes 410 attached to a heat transfer unit 420. The heat transfer unit 420 includes a heat conductive block surrounding the top end of the heat pipe 430. The heat pipe 430 is arranged substantially at right angles to the view shown in fig. 4, so in this view it is shown as a circular cross-section of the heat pipe 430.

Fig. 5 illustrates an external view of a portion of a regulated heat transfer device 500. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 5 is attached to a temperature stable storage container during use, along with an attached circuit unit (not shown in fig. 5). The regulated heat transfer device is sized and shaped to be positioned such that the phase change material unit is within the storage region of the temperature stable storage vessel during use of the device. The regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 5 includes an outer cover surrounding the structure. The regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 5 is attached to a circuit unit during use with a temperature stable storage container. The portion of the regulated thermal transfer device 500 shown in fig. 5 includes a heat dissipation unit 120 located at the top of the device 500. The heat dissipation unit 120 includes a plurality of slits in the top of the cover surrounding the heat dissipation unit 120. The slit creates a hole through the cover at the top of the heat dissipation unit 120. The heat dissipating unit 120 is attached at its lower edge to the insulated region 510 of the regulated heat transfer device 500. The insulated region 510 includes a cover having a surface 520, the surface 520 configured to reversibly mate with an interior surface of an access tube of a temperature-stable storage container during use of the device with the container. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 5 includes a phase change material unit 530. The phase change material cell 530 includes a wall surrounding a region of phase change material within the wall.

In some embodiments, the regulated heat transfer device includes a phase change material cell including one or more walls surrounding a phase change material region and an aperture in the one or more walls. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 5, where holes in the wall surrounding the phase change material cells 530 are attached to corresponding holes in the cover surrounding the insulated regions 510. In some embodiments, the phase change material unit includes an aperture surrounding the heat pipe and a seal connecting the aperture to the heat pipe. In some embodiments, the phase change material cell comprises a sealed container substantially filled with the phase change material. In some embodiments, the phase change material unit comprises a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure. In some embodiments, the phase change material cell includes an attachment region configured to attach the phase change material cell to a surface of a storage region of a temperature-stable storage container. For example, the outer lid of the phase change material unit may include one or more fasteners configured to mate with an inner surface of a storage region of the temperature-stable storage container. In some embodiments, a phase change material cell includes a phase change material substantially filling a sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ to about 2 ℃. In some embodiments, the phase change material has a freezing point between about 1 ℃ to about 3 ℃. In some embodiments, the phase change material has a freezing point between about 2 ℃ to about 4 ℃. In some embodiments, the phase change material has a freezing point between about 3 ℃ to about 5 ℃. In some embodiments, the phase change material has a freezing point between about 4 ℃ to about 6 ℃. In some embodiments, a phase change material cell includes a phase change material and an expansion space sufficient to include the phase change material in different phases. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material comprises a wafer and the phase change material cell comprises sufficient expansion space to contain the wafer in a frozen state.

In some embodiments, the phase change material cell includes additional material positioned at a location to support freezing of the phase change material at the location. In some embodiments, the phase change material cells include one or more nucleating agents. For example, the phase change material unit may include water as the phase change material and a nucleating agent, such as silver iodide or a plant-based nucleating agent, such as an ice nucleation active protein from pseudomonas syringae. In some embodiments, the phase change material unit comprises a mechanical impact unit, such as a piezoelectric actuator or an electromagnetic unit (solenoidunit), arranged to form ice nuclei in the supercooled phase change material, such as water. In some embodiments, the phase change material includes a second thermoelectric element configured to provide additional cooling to the phase change material element.

As used herein, "phase change materials" include materials that change their state (e.g., liquid to solid) at a particular temperature with a high heat of fusion. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material is water or ice. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material is an organic or inorganic material. Phase change materials for embodiments may be selected based on factors such as the cost, heat capacity, toxicity, mass, and freezing point of the particular phase change material. In some embodiments, the phase change material comprises PureTemp having a melting point of 5 ℃^TM4 (available from EntrophySolutions, Inc.). In some embodiments, the Phase change material comprises Phase5 having a melting point of 5 ℃^TM(available from Cryopak). In some embodiments, the phase change material comprises a material having a melting point of up to 8 ℃. In some embodiments, the phase change material comprises a material having a melting point between 2 ℃ and 8 ℃. In some embodiments, the phase change material is a hydrocarbon based material. In some embodiments, the phase change material is a brine solution. In some embodiments, the phase change material is waterA salt-containing solution, wherein the salt is present in crystalline form. In some embodiments, the phase change material is a eutectic salt solution. In some embodiments, the phase change material includes one or more clathrates, such as tetrahydrofuran clathrates. In some embodiments, the phase change material is configured as beads or pellets within the phase change material cells. In some embodiments, the phase change material is configured as a solid or semi-solid three-dimensional unit within a phase change material unit such that an internal pinning structure for the phase change material is not required. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material may be configured as a semi-solid gel or an array of solid crystals.

In some embodiments, the phase change material cell may include one or more additional elements configured to enhance heat transfer within the phase change material cell. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material cells comprise an expanded graphite material infiltrated with a hydrocarbon-based phase change material. For example, during the manufacturing process, one or more 10% of the graphite sheets may be infiltrated by the hydrocarbon-based phase change material and the combined materials within the phase change material cell. In some embodiments, the phase change material unit may include one or more thermally conductive elements, such as plate structures, linear structures, or other features, fabricated from a thermally conductive material and disposed within the phase change material unit in a manner to enhance heat transfer within the phase change material unit. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material unit may include one or more mesh structures fabricated from copper and configured to enhance heat transfer within the phase change material unit.

The phase change material cell shown in fig. 5 is a solid state (solid) structure. In some embodiments, the phase change material unit is a folded or compressed structure that is unfolded or expanded during the addition of the regulated heat transfer device to the temperature stable storage vessel. For example, in some embodiments, the phase change material cells include a balloon-type structure that is initially inserted into a storage region inside a temperature-stable storage container without phase change material (e.g., in a "deflated" state). Subsequently, the phase change material unit may be filled with phase change material, such as through a tube located within the insulated region of the conditioned heat transfer device. When the balloon-type structure of the phase change material unit is filled with the phase change material, it expands in a manner for use to the proper position within the storage region inside the temperature-stable storage container.

In some embodiments, the regulated heat transfer device further comprises a phase change material unit having a second inner vessel comprising a phase change material. For example, the second inner container may comprise the same phase change material as the main container. For example, the second inner container may include a second phase change material. For example, the second inner container may include an inner enclosure (enclosure) having a phase change material sealed within an inner enclosed space. In some embodiments, the phase change material unit includes a plurality of inner containers, each inner container including a phase change material. The phase change material in each of the plurality of inner containers may be the same. The phase change material may be different between the plurality of inner containers. One or more internal containers within the phase change material unit may be disposed, for example, between the exterior of the phase change material unit and a heat pipe within the phase change material unit. One or more internal containers within the phase change material unit may be disposed, for example, between the storage region of the container and a heat pipe within the phase change material unit.

In some embodiments, the regulated heat transfer device further comprises a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed within the phase change material cell and the second end passes through an aperture of one or more walls of the phase change material cell. For example, in some embodiments, a heat pipe comprises a generally tubular structure. For example, in some embodiments, the heat pipe comprises a substantially vertical structure when the regulated heat transfer device is configured for use within a storage container. See, for example, fig. 12 and 13. For example, in some embodiments, when a heat pipe is attached to a temperature-stable storage container, it is configured to be disposed substantially vertically. For example, in some embodiments, a heat pipe includes a plurality of thermally conductive structures disposed within a phase change material cell and configured to transfer heat from the phase change material to the heat pipe. For example, in some embodiments, a heat pipe has a plurality of planar thermally conductive structures thermally attached to its outer surface. For example, the thermally conductive structure may be fabricated from a thermally conductive material (such as copper or silver). For example, in some embodiments, a heat pipe includes a plurality of thermally conductive structures including a plurality of planar structures attached to the heat pipe at substantially right angles.

In some embodiments, the regulated heat transfer device further comprises a thermoelectric unit thermally connected to the second end of the heat pipe. The thermoelectric unit is disposed adjacent to an outer surface of the temperature-stable storage container. For example, in some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit comprises a Peltier device. For example, in some embodiments, a thermoelectric unit is provided to transfer thermal energy away from the second end of the heat pipe. For example, in some embodiments, the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy to a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit. For example, the thermoelectric unit may include a side in thermal contact with the heat sink.

In some embodiments, the regulated heat transfer device further comprises a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit. For example, in some embodiments, the heat sink comprises a passive heat sink. For example, a passive heat sink may include unpowered components arranged to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit, such as a radiating heat sink, a thermal block, and one or more heat pipes. For example, in some embodiments, the heat sink includes an active heat sink that is operatively coupled to the controller. For example, the active heat sink may include one or more fan units configured to circulate air to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit. For example, in some embodiments, the fan is attached to the housing (see, e.g., enclosure 130 in fig. 1) at a location adjacent to the aperture in the housing (see, e.g., apertures 140, 150 in fig. 1) and at a location that directs air through the aperture and away from the thermoelectric unit.

In some embodiments, the regulated heat transfer device further comprises an electronic controller operatively connected to the thermoelectric unit. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic controller is included within the circuit unit (see, e.g., fig. 1-4). For example, in some embodiments, the electronic controller includes circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit of the regulated heat transfer device. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic controller includes circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from the at least one temperature sensor. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic controller includes circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor attached to a lid of the phase change material unit. For example, in some embodiments, the electronic controller includes circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor attached to the interior of the storage region of the temperature-stabilized storage container.

Some embodiments of the regulated thermal transfer device further comprise a temperature sensor attached to the phase change material unit; and a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller. For example, an electronic temperature sensor may be attached to a wall of the phase change material unit and a wire connector may be positioned within the phase change material unit, passing through the insulated region of the regulated heat transfer device and connected to an electronic controller within the attached circuit unit. Some embodiments of the regulated heat transfer device further include a connector attached to the electronic controller, the connector configured to supply power to the regulated heat transfer device from an external power source. For example, in some embodiments, the external power source comprises a photovoltaic unit. For example, in some embodiments, the external power source comprises a battery. For example, in some embodiments, the external power source comprises a municipal power source.

Some embodiments of the regulated heat transfer device further include a communication unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller. For example, the communication unit may comprise a transmitter, such as bluetooth^TM(Bluetooth^TM) A transmitter. For example, the communication unit may comprise a receiver. For example, the communication unit may include an antenna. For example, the communication unit may include a digital storage device.

Some embodiments of the regulated heat transfer device further include a second phase change material unit comprising one or more walls surrounding the phase change material region and an aperture in the one or more walls; and a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end is thermally connected to the thermoelectric unit. The second phase change material unit may be configured, for example, as a distal end of the first phase change material unit disposed within a storage region of a temperature-stable storage vessel. The second phase change material unit may be configured to be disposed, for example, within a second storage region of a temperature-stable storage vessel.

Fig. 6 illustrates an external view of a portion of an embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 6 is attached to a temperature stable storage container during use, along with an attached circuit unit (not shown in fig. 6). The regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 6 includes an outer cover surrounding the structure. The portion of the regulated thermal transfer device 500 shown in fig. 6 includes a heat dissipation unit 120 located at the top of the device 500. The heat dissipating unit 120 is attached at its lower edge to the insulated region 510 of the regulated heat transfer device 500. The insulated region 510 includes a cover having a surface 520, the surface 520 configured to reversibly mate with an interior surface of an access tube of a temperature-stable storage container during use of the device with the container. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 6 includes a phase change material unit 530.

Fig. 7 illustrates a portion of an embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500. The regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 7 has a cover removed to illustrate internal features of the regulated heat transfer device 500. The regulated thermal transfer device 500 includes a heat sink unit 120 located at the top of the device 500. The top end of the heat pipe 430 is disposed inside the heat radiating unit 120. The heat transfer unit 420 is in physical contact with the top end of the heat pipe 430. The heat radiating unit 120 includes a heat transferring unit 400. The heat dissipation unit 120 further includes a plurality of heat pipes 410 attached to a heat transfer unit 420, and the heat pipes 410 are also attached to the heat transfer unit 400. The thermoelectric device 700 is thermally connected to the top end of the heat pipe 430. The thermoelectric unit 700 is provided to transfer heat from the top end of the heat pipe 430 to the heat transfer unit 400. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the thermoelectric unit 700 is a peltier device.

Fig. 7 shows that the regulated heat transfer device 500 includes an insulated region 510. In some embodiments, the insulated region includes one or more wires, one or more tubes, or other features described elsewhere herein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the insulated region 510 comprises an insulated portion of the heat pipe 430.

Fig. 7 shows that the regulated heat transfer device 500 includes a phase change material unit 530 at the lower end of the regulated heat transfer device 500. The phase change material cells 530 may include phase change material, not shown in FIG. 7. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the phase change material unit 530 includes a plurality of planar structures 710 attached to the heat pipe 430 at substantially right angles. The plurality of planar structures 710 are configured to enhance thermal efficiency through the phase change material cells 530. Some embodiments include a plurality of planar structures 710 fabricated from a thermally conductive material, such as copper, silver, or aluminum. Some embodiments include a plurality of planar structures 710, such as mesh structures, comprising a plurality of apertures.

Fig. 8 illustrates a portion of an embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500 with a cover removed to depict internal features of the device. As shown in fig. 8, the regulated thermal transfer device 500 includes a heat sink unit 120 located at the top of the device 500. The illustrated regulated heat transfer device 500 includes an insulated region 510 located in the center of the device. The illustrated regulated heat transfer device 500 includes a phase change material unit 530 at the lower end of the device. In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the heat dissipation unit 120 includes a heat transfer unit 420 disposed in physical contact with the top end of the heat pipe 430. The heat radiating unit 120 includes a heat transferring unit 400. The heat dissipation unit 120 further includes a plurality of heat pipes 410 attached to a heat transfer unit 420, and the heat pipes 410 are also attached to the heat transfer unit 400. The thermoelectric device 700 is thermally connected to the top end of the heat pipe 430. The thermoelectric unit 700 is provided to transfer heat from the top end of the heat pipe 430 to the heat transfer unit 400. The heat pipe 430 passes through the adiabatic region 510 and includes a lower end located within the phase change material unit 530. Phase change material unit 530 includes a plurality of planar structures 710, the plurality of planar structures 710 being connected to a lower region of heat pipe 430 and configured to improve heat transfer between heat pipe 430 and phase change material (not shown) within phase change material unit 530.

Fig. 9 illustrates a generally cross-sectional view of a portion of a regulated heat transfer device 500. The illustrated embodiment includes a cover 900 that surrounds the exterior of the illustrated regulated heat transfer device 500. In some embodiments, the cover may be configured as a thin wall or shell around the exterior of the regulated heat transfer device. For example, in some embodiments, the lid may be made of a strong plastic or fiberglass material. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 9 includes a heat sink unit 120, an insulating region 510, and a phase change material unit 530. The heat dissipation unit 120 shown in fig. 9 includes a heat transfer unit 420 disposed in physical contact with the tip of a heat pipe 430. The heat radiating unit 120 includes a heat transferring unit 400. The heat dissipation unit 120 further includes a plurality of heat pipes 410 attached to a heat transfer unit 420, and the heat pipes 410 are also attached to the heat transfer unit 400. The thermoelectric device 700 is thermally connected to the top end of the heat pipe 430. The thermoelectric unit 700 is provided to transfer heat from the top end of the heat pipe 430 to the heat transfer unit 400. The illustrated embodiment includes a heat pipe 430, the heat pipe 430 passing through an insulating region 510 within the cover 900. The heat pipe 430 includes a lower end that substantially coexists with a lower surface of the phase change material unit 530. Phase change material unit 530 includes a plurality of planar structures 710, the plurality of planar structures 710 being connected to a lower region of heat pipe 430 and configured to improve heat transfer between heat pipe 430 and phase change material (not shown) within phase change material unit 530. During use, the phase change material (not shown) will substantially fill the interior of the phase change material cells 530 to substantially the edges of the insulated regions 510.

Fig. 10 illustrates aspects of a partial embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500 as a general cross-sectional view. During use, the regulated heat transfer device 500 is placed within a temperature-stable storage container and attached to the temperature-stable storage container along with an attached circuit unit (not shown in fig. 10). The illustrated embodiment includes a cover 900 that surrounds the exterior of the illustrated regulated heat transfer device 500. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 10 includes a heat sink unit 120, an insulating region 510, and a phase change material unit 530. The heat dissipation unit 120 includes a heat transfer unit 420 in direct thermal contact with the top end of a heat pipe 430. The heat radiating unit 120 includes a heat transferring unit 400. The heat dissipation unit 120 further includes a plurality of heat pipes 410 attached to a heat transfer unit 420. The heat pipe 410 is embedded in the heat transfer unit 400 and is configured to enable heat transfer from the heat pipe 410 to the heat transfer unit 400. The thermoelectric device 700 is thermally connected to the top end of the heat pipe 430. The thermoelectric device 700 is connected to a controller in an attached circuit unit (not shown in fig. 10). During use, the controller regulates operation of the thermoelectric device 700 in response to input from the at least one temperature sensor. For example, in some embodiments, one or more temperature sensors may be disposed adjacent to the lid 900 of the phase change material cell 530 and connected to the attached circuit cell by a wire connector.

The embodiment shown in fig. 10 includes a phase change material cell 530. The phase change material cell 530 includes a cover 900 that surrounds the exterior of the phase change material cell 530. In some embodiments, the cover of the phase change material unit abuts the cover of the entire regulated heat transfer device. In the embodiment shown in fig. 10, the phase change material cell 530 includes a plurality of heat conducting structures 710 disposed within the phase change material cell 530. Interposed between the plurality of thermally conductive structures 710 is an enhanced thermal transfer material 1000, the enhanced thermal transfer material 1000 comprising expanded graphite impregnated with a phase change material. The enhanced heat transfer material is in direct contact with the outer surface of the heat pipe 430 and the surfaces of the plurality of thermally conductive structures 710.

Fig. 11 illustrates a portion of an embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500 as a general cross-sectional view. During use, the regulated heat transfer device 500 is placed within a temperature-stable storage container and attached to the temperature-stable storage container along with an attached circuit unit (not shown in fig. 11). The illustrated embodiment includes a cover 900 that surrounds the exterior of the illustrated regulated heat transfer device 500. The portion of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 11 includes a heat sink unit 120, an insulating region 510, and a phase change material unit 530. The heat dissipation unit 120 includes a heat transfer unit 420 in direct thermal contact with the top end of a heat pipe 430, and a heat transfer unit 400 in thermal contact with the heat transfer unit 420 through a plurality of heat pipes 410 attached to the heat transfer unit 420. The thermoelectric device 700 is thermally connected to the top end of the heat pipe 430, in direct contact with the heat transfer unit 420.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 11, the phase change material cell 530 includes a lid 900 that substantially defines the outer boundary of the phase change material cell 530. The lower end of the heat pipe 430 passes through the inside of the phase change material unit 530. In the embodiment shown in fig. 11, the lower end of the heat pipe 430 passes through the interior of the phase change material unit 530, substantially through the center of the interior of the phase change material unit 530. Surrounding the area of the heat pipe 430 within the phase change material unit 530 is an enhanced heat transfer material 1000, the enhanced heat transfer material 1000 comprising expanded graphite impregnated with a phase change material. Throughout the length of heat pipe 430 within phase change material unit 530, enhanced heat transfer material 1000 is in direct contact with the outer surface of heat pipe 430.

Fig. 12 illustrates, in a general cross-sectional view, an embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500 within a temperature stable storage container 100. The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes an outer wall 1250 that substantially defines an exterior surface of the storage container 100, the outer wall 1250 including an external aperture in an upper region (e.g., adjacent the lid 300). The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes an inner wall 1260 substantially defining a temperature-stable storage region 1230 inside the storage container 100, the inner wall 1260 including an inner bore in an upper region (e.g., adjacent to a junction with the inner conduit 1200). The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes a gap 1210 between an outer wall 1250 and an inner wall 1260, and a conduit 1200 connecting the outer aperture to the inner aperture. One or more lengths of super active insulation material are placed within the gap 1210. The regulated heat transfer device 500 within the temperature stable storage container 100 includes a phase change material unit 530 attached to an inner surface of a temperature stable storage region 1230. The regulated heat transfer device 500 within the temperature stable storage container 100 includes a heat pipe 430 having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed within the phase change material unit 530 and the second end is disposed adjacent the outer aperture. The regulated heat transfer device 500 within the temperature stable storage container 100 includes a thermoelectric unit 700 in contact with the second end of the heat pipe 430, and a heat dissipation unit 120 connected to the thermoelectric unit 700 and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit 700. The regulated heat transfer device 500 also includes an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit 700. In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic controller is disposed within the circuit unit 110.

In some embodiments, the temperature-stabilized storage container comprises wherein the conduit is substantially vertical when the temperature-stabilized storage container is positioned for use. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 12, the conduit 1200 is substantially vertical and generally maintains this position during use. The insulated region 510 of the regulated heat transfer device 500 shown in fig. 12 includes a surface 520 configured to reversibly mate with an inner surface of a conduit 1200. The base 160 helps maintain the position of the entire temperature-stabilized storage container 100 (including the inner conduit 1200). In some embodiments, the conduit is of a size and shape that allows for insertion and removal of the medicinal vial package with minimal additional space. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 12, a plurality of medicinal vials in associated packaging 1240 are disposed within storage unit 1220, storage unit 1220 being sized and shaped to be inserted into temperature-stable storage area 1230 or removed from storage area 1230 as desired by a user of container 100. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container comprises a substantially tubular shape in which the conduit is of a diameter between about 4 centimeters and about 6 centimeters. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container comprises a substantially tubular shape in which the conduit is of a diameter between about 5 centimeters and about 7 centimeters. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container comprises a substantially tubular shape in which the conduit is of a diameter between about 12 centimeters and about 13 centimeters. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container comprises a substantially tubular shape in which the conduit is of a diameter between about 10 centimeters and about 15 centimeters.

In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container includes at least one length of super insulating material. In some embodimentsThe temperature-stable storage container includes one or more sections of super active insulation material that substantially define the temperature-stable storage container, the temperature-stable storage container including a temperature-stable storage region and a single access aperture to the temperature-stable storage region. In the embodiment shown in fig. 12, at least one length of super effective insulation material may be placed within the gap 1210. For example, in some embodiments, a temperature-stable storage container includes at least one section of super efficient insulation material within the gap, the at least one section of super efficient insulation material including: a plurality of layers of a multi-layer insulator substantially surrounding the heat-sealed storage region; and a substantially evacuated space surrounding the plurality of layers of the multi-layer insulator. Some embodiments include, for example, having less than or equal to 5x10^-4The substantially evacuated space at torr pressure. For example, in some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container includes at least one section of super insulating material within the gap, the at least one section of super insulating material including one or more sections of aerogel. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container includes a temperature-stable storage region configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 2 degrees celsius and about 8 degrees celsius. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container includes a temperature-stable storage region configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 0 degrees celsius and about 10 degrees celsius. In some embodiments, the temperature-stable storage container includes a temperature-stable storage region configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 3 degrees celsius and about 7 degrees celsius. For example, a temperature-stabilized storage region may be configured to be maintained within a temperature range based on operation of a regulated heat transfer device attached to the container.

Fig. 13 illustrates, in a general cross-sectional view, an embodiment of a regulated heat transfer device 500 within a temperature stable storage container 100. The temperature-stabilized storage container 100 includes an outer wall 1250 that generally defines an exterior surface of the storage container 100, the outer wall 1250 including an outer aperture in an upper region. The outer aperture is closed with a removable cover 300. The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes an inner wall 1260 substantially defining a temperature-stable storage region 1230 inside the storage container 100, the inner wall 1260 including an inner bore in an upper region. In the embodiment shown in fig. 13, a storage unit 1220 comprising a medicinal material in a package 1240 is disposed adjacent to the inner bore. The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes a gap 1210 between an outer wall 1250 and an inner wall 1260, and a conduit 1200 connecting the outer aperture to the inner aperture. One or more lengths of super active insulation material are placed within the gap 1210. The regulated heat transfer device 500 within the temperature stable storage container 100 includes a phase change material unit 530 attached to an inner surface of a temperature stable storage region 1230. The regulated heat transfer device 500 within the temperature stable storage container 100 includes a heat pipe 430 having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed within the phase change material unit 530 and the second end is disposed adjacent the outer aperture. The regulated heat transfer device 500 within the temperature stable storage container 100 includes a thermoelectric unit 700 in contact with the second end of the heat pipe 430, and a heat dissipation unit 120 connected to the thermoelectric unit 700 and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit 700. The regulated heat transfer device 500 also includes an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit 700. In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic controller is disposed within the circuit unit 110.

Fig. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the phase change material unit 530 passing substantially horizontally through the regulated heat transfer device within the temperature-stabilized storage container 100. The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes an outer wall 1250 surrounded by the base 160. The temperature-stable storage container 100 includes an inner wall 1260 disposed within an outer wall 1250. A gap 1210 exists between the inner wall 1260 and the outer wall 1250. In some embodiments, at least one length of super effective insulation material is disposed within the gap 1210. The inner wall 1260 generally defines a temperature-stable storage region 1230 within the container 100. A series of storage units 1220A, 1220B, 1220C are disposed adjacent to one another within a temperature-stabilized storage region 1230. The phase change material element 530 of the regulated heat transfer device is attached to the inner surface of the inner wall 1260. The phase change material unit 530 is surrounded by the cover 900 and includes an internal heat pipe 430.

Fig. 15 illustrates the positioning of a plurality of storage units within a temperature-stabilized storage container including a regulated heat transfer device. Referring to the figures herein, a plurality of storage units 1220A, 1220B, 1220C, 1220D, 1220E, 1220F, 1220G, and 1220H are collectively referred to as "storage unit 1220". As shown in fig. 15, the inner wall 1260 of the temperature-stabilized storage container including the regulated heat transfer device generally defines a perimeter of the temperature-stabilized storage region 1230. The phase change material element 530 of the regulated heat transfer device is attached to the inner surface of the inner wall 1260. The phase change material unit 530 includes an outer cover 900. Phase change material unit 530 includes a heat pipe 430 disposed in the interior of phase change material unit 530. As shown in fig. 15, the storage unit 1220 is shaped and positioned to substantially fill the interior space of the temperature stable storage region 1230. As shown in fig. 15, the storage units 1220 are not all set to the same shape. All of the storage units 1220 are sized and shaped to fit through the catheter 1200, respectively, the diameter of the catheter 1200 being shown in fig. 15 for illustrative purposes.

In some embodiments, the circuit unit includes one or more controllers and one or more memory units. As described above, the regulated heat transfer device may control the temperature in the temperature-stabilized storage area by controlling the operation of one or more thermoelectric units integral with the regulated heat transfer device. The controller of the circuit unit according to an embodiment may comprise at least one processor coupled to a power source (e.g. a photovoltaic panel) and to a power management unit. The controller may include a processor configured to direct the power management unit to power the thermoelectric unit in response to input from a temperature sensor within a temperature-stabilized storage region of the temperature-stabilized storage container.

For example, the thermoelectric unit may be connected to the circuit unit at a power output connection. A controller within the circuit unit may direct the power management unit to supply power to the power output connection and the thermoelectric unit. In this regard, the controller may control the temperature in the temperature-stabilized storage region of the temperature-stabilized storage container by controlling whether the thermoelectric unit is operated or the voltage supplied to the thermoelectric unit. In other words, for example, the controller may direct the thermoelectric unit to remove heat from the phase change material unit until the predetermined portion of the phase change material is at a suitable temperature or in the solid phase. Thus, the controller may control the temperature in the storage chamber to within about ± 1 ℃.

The controller and power management unit may also condition or convert power received from the power source to a suitable voltage, or may convert the power to direct current, for example. For example, as described above, the power source may include a photovoltaic panel. Under some operating conditions, the output voltage from the photovoltaic panel may vary (e.g., due to variations in illumination). The controller and power management unit may convert the power received from the photovoltaic panel to a suitable voltage, which may be further provided to other elements or components of the regulated heat transfer device, such as to the controller and to the thermoelectric unit, and so forth. In other words, the circuit unit may be programmed to receive a varying or variable voltage from the power source and to regulate such voltage to further provide the appropriate voltage to the heat pump.

In an embodiment, the power output connection may be coupled to a memory, which may contain operating instructions for the power output connection. In particular, in an embodiment, the memory may include instructions related to a desired temperature or temperature distribution in the phase change material cell. For example, the memory may include instructions to correlate changes in volume of the units of phase change material with a suitable temperature profile therein.

For example, the phase change material cell may include a phase change material, which is water. As water changes phase, from liquid to solid, the total volume of water in the phase change material cell changes. Further, the initial volume of water (e.g., when all of the water is in the liquid phase) may be known in the reservoir or may be stored in the reservoir. Accordingly, the circuit unit may receive information (e.g., from one or more sensors) related to the volume of the phase change material unit and may calculate the change in volume. Further, the processor may calculate the amount of solid phase change material. Thus, the instructions stored in the memory may enable the processor to determine the amount of solid phase PCM or the temperature distribution in the phase change material cell.

In additional or alternative embodiments, the instructions stored in the memory may also enable the processor to control the operation of the thermoelectric unit using one or more temperature readings from the phase change material unit. For example, the processor may receive (e.g., from a sensor) a single or multiple temperature readings representative of the temperature in one or more regions in the phase change material cell. The processor may stop operation of the thermoelectric unit when the temperature in a predetermined one or more regions in the phase change material unit is at a predetermined level, as set by instructions in the memory.

In any case, the memory may include instructions that may enable the processor to determine whether to direct the power management unit to supply power to the thermoelectric unit connected at the power output connection to control the temperature in the phase change material unit and thus in the temperature-stabilized storage region of the temperature-stabilized storage vessel. For example, the processor may maintain operation of the thermoelectric unit until a predetermined temperature level (e.g., 3 ℃) is reached.

The memory may also include instructions related to a priority or hierarchy of power requirements. In other words, when the power received from the power supply is insufficient to power all of the elements or components connected at the power output connection, the processor may use the priority instructions to direct the power management unit to power the elements or components identified as having priority over other elements or components. For example, the processor may give priority to powering the controller over the thermoelectric units. In one embodiment, the priority levels from highest to lowest may be as follows: a controller (or a battery (if any) attached to the controller); a thermoelectric unit of the heat dissipation unit, a fan (if any) for the heat dissipation unit; display unit (if any).

The state of the art has progressed to the point where: there is little distinction left between hardware, software (e.g., high-level computer programs used as hardware specifications), and/or firmware implementations of aspects of the systems; the use of hardware, software, and/or firmware is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing a cost vs. benefit tradeoff. There are a variety of carriers (e.g., hardware, software (e.g., a high-level computer program used as a hardware specification), and/or firmware) that are capable of implementing the processes and/or systems and/or other techniques described herein, and the preferred carrier will vary with the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or other techniques are deployed, e.g., if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware carrier; alternatively, if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software (e.g., high-level computer program used as a hardware specification); alternatively, an implementer may select some combination of hardware, software (e.g., a high-level computer program used as a hardware specification), and/or firmware in one or more machines, combinations of articles, and articles of manufacture, limited to patentable subject matter under 35u.s.c. § 101. Thus, there are several possible vehicles by which the processes and/or apparatus and/or other technologies described herein can be effected, none of which is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to be used is a choice dependent upon the context in which it is deployed and the particular concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, or predictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary.

In some implementations described herein, logic and similar implementations may include computer programs or other control structures. For example, an electronic circuit may have one or more current paths constructed and arranged to implement the various functions described herein. In some implementations, one or more media may be configured to carry a device-detectable implementation when such media holds or conveys device-detectable instructions executable to perform as described herein. In some variations, for example, an implementation may include an update or modification of existing software (e.g., a high-level computer program used as a hardware specification) or firmware or a gate array or programmable hardware, such as by the reception or transmission of one or more instructions related to one or more operations described herein. Alternatively or additionally, in some variations, implementations may include dedicated hardware, software (e.g., a high-level computer program that serves as a hardware specification), firmware components, and/or general-purpose components that execute or otherwise invoke the dedicated components. A specification or other implementation may be sent via one or more instances of a tangible transmission medium as described herein, optionally via packet transmission or otherwise by passing through a distribution medium at different times.

Alternatively or in addition, implementations may include executing a dedicated sequence of instructions or invoking circuitry for enabling, triggering, coordinating, requesting, or otherwise causing one or more occurrences of substantially all functional operations described herein. In some variations, the operational or other logical descriptions herein may be expressed as source code and compiled or otherwise invoked as a sequence of executable instructions. In some scenarios, for example, implementations may be provided in whole or in part by source code (such as C + +) or other code sequences. In other implementations, source code or other code instances using commercially available and/or state-of-the-art techniques may be compiled/executed/translated/converted into a high-level descriptor language (e.g., initially implementing the techniques described in the C or C + + programming language and thereafter converting the programming language instances into logic synthesis language instances, hardware description language instances, hardware design simulation instances, and/or other such similar expression patterns). For example, some or all of the logical expressions (e.g., computer program language instances) may be represented as Verilog-type hardware descriptions (e.g., via Hardware Description Language (HDL) and/or very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) or other circuit models (e.g., application specific integrated circuits) that may later be used to build a physical implementation with hardware).

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or methods via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or embodiments contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or embodiments can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software (e.g., a high-level computer program serving as a hardware specification), firmware, or virtually any combination thereof, limited to the patentable subject matter under 35 u.s.c.101. In embodiments, portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented by Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), or other integrated forms. However, some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, may be usefully implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, limited to the patentable subject matter under 35u.s.c.101, and designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software (e.g., a high-level computer program serving as a hardware specification) and or firmware would be well within the capabilities of one of ordinary skill in the art in light of this disclosure. The mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and the illustrative embodiments in which the subject matter described herein applies are independent of the particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, Compact Disks (CDs), Digital Video Disks (DVDs), digital tapes, computer memories, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link (e.g., transmitter, receiver, transmit logic, receive logic, etc.).

In a general sense, various aspects described herein, which may be implemented individually and/or collectively, through a wide range of hardware, software (e.g., a high-level computer program serving as a hardware specification), firmware, and/or any combination thereof, may be considered to encompass various types of "circuitry". Thus, "circuitry" as used herein includes, but is not limited to: a circuit having at least one discrete circuit, a circuit having at least one integrated circuit, a circuit having at least one application specific integrated circuit, a circuit forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program that at least partially performs the methods and/or apparatus described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program that at least partially performs the methods and/or apparatus described herein), a circuit forming a storage device (e.g., various forms of memory (e.g., random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, etc.), and/or a circuit forming a communication device (e.g., a modem, a communication switch, an optoelectronic device, etc.). The subject matter described herein may be implemented in analog or digital fashion, or some combination thereof.

The subject matter described herein sometimes sets forth different components contained within or connected with different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected," or "operably coupled," to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable," to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.

In some cases, one or more components may be referred to herein as "configured," "configured by … …," "configurable," "operable/operational," "adapted/adaptable," "capable," "conformable/complying with," or the like. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these terms (e.g., "configured to") generally include components in an active state and/or components in an inactive state and/or components in an armed state unless the context requires otherwise.

The components (e.g., operations), devices, objects, and the discussion accompanying them described herein are used as examples for the sake of conceptual clarity, and various configuration modifications are contemplated. Thus, as used herein, the specific examples set forth and the accompanying discussion are intended to represent a more general class thereof. In general, the use of any particular example is intended to represent its class, and the exclusion of particular components (e.g., operations), devices, and objects should not be considered limiting.

All of the above U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification are incorporated herein by reference, to the extent they do not contradict the text.

The following numbered clauses set forth various aspects of the subject matter described herein:

1. a regulated heat transfer device for a storage container, comprising:

a phase change material cell comprising one or more walls surrounding a phase change material region and an aperture in the one or more walls;

a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material cell and the second end passing through the aperture of the one or more walls of the phase change material cell;

a thermoelectric unit thermally connected to the second end of the heat pipe;

a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and

an electronic controller operatively connected to the thermoelectric unit;

wherein the regulated heat transfer device is sized and shaped to be positioned such that the phase change material unit is within a storage area of a temperature-stable storage container and the thermoelectric unit is disposed adjacent an exterior surface of the temperature-stable storage container.

2. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the phase change material unit comprises:

a sealed container substantially filled with a phase change material.

3. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the phase change material unit comprises:

a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure.

4. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the phase change material unit comprises:

an aperture surrounding the heat pipe and a seal connecting the aperture to the heat pipe.

5. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the phase change material unit comprises:

an attachment region configured to attach the phase change material unit to a surface of the storage region of the temperature-stable storage container.

6. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the phase change material unit comprises:

a phase change material substantially filling the sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ to about 2 ℃.

7. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

a substantially tubular structure.

8. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

the regulated heat transfer device is configured in a substantially vertical configuration when used in a storage container.

9. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

a plurality of thermally conductive structures disposed within the phase change material cell and configured to transfer heat from the phase change material to the heat pipe.

10. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 9, wherein the plurality of thermally conductive structures comprises a plurality of planar structures attached to the heat pipe at substantially right angles.

11. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 9, wherein the plurality of thermally conductive structures are fabricated from a thermally conductive material.

12. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the heat pipe is configured to be disposed substantially vertically when attached to the temperature-stabilized storage container.

13. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the thermoelectric unit comprises:

a peltier device.

14. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy away from the second end of the heat pipe.

15. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy to the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit.

16. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit comprises:

a passive heat sink.

17. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit comprises:

an active heat sink operatively coupled to the controller.

18. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the electronic controller comprises:

a circuit configured to control the thermoelectric unit.

19. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, wherein the electronic controller comprises:

circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor.

20. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, further comprising:

a temperature sensor attached to the phase change material cell; and

a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller.

21. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, further comprising:

a connector attached to the electronic controller, the connector configured to supply power to the regulated heat transfer device from an external power source.

22. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 21, wherein the external power source comprises:

a photovoltaic unit.

23. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 21, wherein the external power source comprises:

a battery.

24. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 21, wherein the external power source comprises:

a municipal power supply.

25. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, further comprising:

a communication unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

26. The regulated heat transfer device of clause 1, further comprising:

a second phase change material cell comprising one or more walls surrounding a phase change material region and an aperture in the one or more walls;

a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end being thermally connected to the thermoelectric unit.

27. A temperature-stabilized storage container comprising

One or more lengths of super effective insulation material substantially defining a temperature stable storage container comprising a temperature stable storage region and a single access aperture to the temperature stable storage region;

a phase change material cell attached to an inner surface of the temperature stable storage region;

a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material unit and the second end being disposed adjacent to the single access hole on the outer surface of the temperature-stable storage container;

a thermoelectric unit in contact with the second end of the heat pipe;

a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and

an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit.

28. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the one or more lengths of super effective insulation material comprises:

a plurality of layers of a multi-layer insulator substantially surrounding the temperature-stable storage region; and

a substantially evacuated space surrounding a plurality of layers of the multi-layer insulator.

29. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 28, wherein the substantially evacuated space has a volume of less than or equal to 5x10^-4The pressure of the torr.

30. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the one or more lengths of super effective insulation material comprises:

one or more sections of aerogel.

31. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the temperature-stabilized storage region is configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 2 degrees celsius and about 8 degrees celsius.

32. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the single access aperture is disposed at the top of the temperature-stabilized storage region when the temperature-stabilized storage container is positioned for use.

33. The temperature-stable storage container of clause 27, wherein the single access aperture has a size and shape that allows insertion and removal of the pharmaceutical vial package with minimal additional space.

34. The temperature-stable storage container of clause 27, wherein the single access hole is substantially circular in shape having a diameter between about 4 centimeters and about 6 centimeters.

35. The temperature-stable storage container of clause 27, wherein the single access hole is substantially circular in shape having a diameter between about 5 centimeters and about 7 centimeters.

36. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

a sealed container substantially filled with a phase change material.

37. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure.

38. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

an aperture surrounding the heat pipe and a seal connecting the aperture to the heat pipe.

39. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the phase-change material units are attached to an inner wall of the temperature-stabilized storage region.

40. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

a phase change material substantially filling the sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ and about 2 ℃.

41. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

a substantially tubular structure.

42. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

a plurality of thermally conductive structures disposed within the phase change material cell and configured to transfer heat from the phase change material to the heat pipe.

43. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 42, wherein the plurality of thermally-conductive structures includes a plurality of planar structures attached to the heat pipe at substantially right angles.

44. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 42, wherein the plurality of thermally-conductive structures are fabricated from a thermally-conductive material.

45. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the heat pipe is disposed substantially vertically within the container when it is positioned for conventional use.

46. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the thermoelectric unit comprises:

a peltier device.

47. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy away from the second end of the heat pipe.

48. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy to the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit.

49. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit comprises:

a passive heat sink.

50. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit comprises:

an active heat sink operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

51. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the electronic controller comprises:

a circuit configured to control the thermoelectric unit.

52. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, wherein the electronic controller comprises:

circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor.

53. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a temperature sensor disposed within the temperature-stable storage region; and

a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller.

54. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a power cell attached to an outer surface of the container, the power cell operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

55. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a connector attached to the electronic controller, the connector configured to be powered from an external power source.

56. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a display unit affixed to an outer surface of the container, the display unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

57. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a communication unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

58. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a cap sized and shaped to reversibly mate with the single aperture.

59. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 27, further comprising:

a second phase change material unit disposed within the temperature stable storage region;

a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end disposed adjacent to the single access hole, wherein the thermoelectric unit is in contact with the second end of the second heat pipe.

60. A temperature-stabilized storage container comprising

An outer wall generally defining an outer surface of the storage container, the outer wall including an outer aperture in an upper region;

an inner wall generally defining a temperature-stable storage region inside the storage container, the inner wall including an inner bore in an upper region;

a gap between the outer wall and the inner wall;

a conduit connecting the outer bore to the inner bore;

one or more sections of super active insulation material in the gap;

a phase change material cell attached to an inner surface of the temperature stable storage region;

a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material unit and the second end being disposed adjacent the outer aperture;

a thermoelectric unit in contact with the second end of the heat pipe;

a heat dissipation unit connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and

an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit.

61. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the conduit is substantially vertical when the temperature-stabilized storage container is positioned for use.

62. The temperature-stable storage container of clause 60, wherein the conduit has a size and shape that allows for insertion and removal of the pharmaceutical vial package with minimal additional space.

63. The temperature-stable storage container of clause 60, wherein the conduit is a substantially tubular shape having a diameter of between about 4 centimeters and about 6 centimeters.

64. The temperature-stable storage container of clause 60, wherein the conduit is a substantially tubular shape having a diameter of between about 5 centimeters and about 7 centimeters.

65. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the at least one section of super effective insulation material within the gap comprises:

a plurality of layers of a multi-layer insulator substantially surrounding the heat-sealed storage region; and

a substantially evacuated space surrounding a plurality of layers of the multi-layer insulator.

66. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 65, wherein the substantially evacuated space has a volume less than or equal to 5x10^-4The pressure of the torr.

67. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the at least one section of super effective insulation material within the gap comprises:

one or more sections of aerogel.

68. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the temperature-stabilized storage region is configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 2 degrees celsius and about 8 degrees celsius.

69. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

a sealed container substantially filled with a phase change material.

70. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure.

71. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

an aperture surrounding the heat pipe and a seal connecting the aperture to the heat pipe.

72. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the phase-change material units are attached to an inner wall of the temperature-stabilized storage region.

73. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the phase-change material cell comprises:

a phase change material substantially filling the sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ and about 2 ℃.

74. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

a substantially tubular structure.

75. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the heat pipe comprises:

a plurality of thermally conductive structures disposed within the phase change material cell and configured to transfer heat from the phase change material to the heat pipe.

76. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 75, wherein the plurality of thermally-conductive structures comprises a plurality of planar structures attached to the heat pipe at substantially right angles.

77. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 75, wherein the plurality of thermally-conductive structures are fabricated from a thermally-conductive material.

78. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the heat pipe is disposed substantially vertically within the container when it is positioned for conventional use.

79. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the thermoelectric unit comprises:

a peltier device.

80. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy away from the second end of the heat pipe.

81. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the thermoelectric unit is configured to transfer thermal energy to the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit.

82. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the heat sink comprises:

a passive heat sink.

83. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the heat sink comprises:

an active heat sink operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

84. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the electronic controller comprises:

a circuit configured to control the thermoelectric unit.

85. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, wherein the electronic controller comprises:

circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor.

86. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, further comprising:

a temperature sensor disposed within the temperature-stable storage region; and

a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller.

87. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, further comprising:

a power cell attached to an outer surface of the container, the power cell operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

88. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, further comprising:

a connector attached to the electronic controller, the connector configured to be powered from an external power source.

89. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, further comprising:

a display unit affixed to an outer surface of the container, the display unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

90. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, further comprising:

a communication unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

91. The temperature-stabilized storage container of clause 60, further comprising:

a second phase change material unit disposed within the temperature stable storage region;

a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end disposed adjacent to the single access hole, wherein the thermoelectric unit is in contact with the second end of the second heat pipe.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (43)

1. A regulated heat transfer device for a storage container, comprising:

a phase change material cell comprising one or more walls surrounding a phase change material region and an aperture in the one or more walls;

a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material cell and the second end passing through the aperture of the one or more walls of the phase change material cell;

a thermoelectric unit thermally connected to the second end of the heat pipe;

a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and

an electronic controller operatively connected to the thermoelectric unit;

wherein the regulated heat transfer device is sized and shaped to be positioned such that the phase change material unit is within a storage area of a temperature-stable storage container and the thermoelectric unit is disposed adjacent an exterior surface of the temperature-stable storage container.

2. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said phase change material unit comprises:

a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure.

3. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said phase change material unit comprises:

an aperture surrounding the heat pipe and a seal connecting the aperture to the heat pipe.

4. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said phase change material unit comprises:

an attachment region configured to attach the phase change material unit to a surface of the storage region of the temperature-stable storage container.

5. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said phase change material unit comprises:

a phase change material substantially filling the sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ to about 2 ℃.

6. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said heat pipe comprises:

a plurality of thermally conductive structures disposed within the phase change material cell and configured to transfer heat from the phase change material to the heat pipe.

7. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said thermoelectric unit comprises:

a peltier device.

8. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said heat sink connected to said thermoelectric unit comprises:

a passive heat sink.

9. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said heat sink connected to said thermoelectric unit comprises:

an active heat sink operatively coupled to the controller.

10. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, wherein said electronic controller comprises:

circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor.

11. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, further comprising:

a temperature sensor attached to the phase change material cell; and

a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller.

12. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, further comprising:

a connector attached to the electronic controller, the connector configured to supply power to the regulated heat transfer device from an external power source.

13. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, further comprising:

a communication unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

14. The regulated heat transfer device of claim 1, further comprising:

a second phase change material cell comprising one or more walls surrounding a phase change material region and an aperture in the one or more walls;

a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end being thermally connected to the thermoelectric unit.

15. A temperature-stabilized storage container comprising

One or more lengths of super effective insulation material substantially defining a temperature stable storage container comprising a temperature stable storage region and a single access aperture to the temperature stable storage region;

a phase change material cell attached to an inner surface of the temperature stable storage region;

a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material unit and the second end being disposed adjacent to the single access hole on the outer surface of the temperature-stable storage container;

a thermoelectric unit in contact with the second end of the heat pipe;

a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and

an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit.

16. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, wherein the one or more lengths of super effective insulation material comprise:

a plurality of layers of a multi-layer insulator substantially surrounding the temperature-stable storage region; and

a substantially evacuated space surrounding a plurality of layers of the multi-layer insulator.

17. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 16, wherein the substantially evacuated space has a volume of less than or equal to 5x10^-4The pressure of the torr.

18. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, wherein the temperature-stabilized storage region is configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 2 degrees celsius and about 8 degrees celsius.

19. The temperature-stabilized storage vessel of claim 15, wherein the phase-change material unit comprises:

a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure.

20. The temperature-stabilized storage vessel of claim 15, wherein the phase-change material unit comprises:

an aperture surrounding the heat pipe and a seal connecting the aperture to the heat pipe.

21. The temperature-stabilized storage vessel of claim 15, wherein the phase-change material unit comprises:

a phase change material substantially filling the sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ and about 2 ℃.

22. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, wherein the thermoelectric unit comprises:

a peltier device.

23. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, wherein the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit includes:

a passive heat sink.

24. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, wherein the heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit includes:

an active heat sink operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

25. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, wherein the electronic controller includes:

circuitry configured to control the thermoelectric unit in response to signals received from at least one temperature sensor.

26. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, further comprising:

a temperature sensor disposed within the temperature-stable storage region; and

a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller.

27. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 15, further comprising:

a second phase change material unit disposed within the temperature stable storage region;

a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end disposed adjacent to the single access hole, wherein the thermoelectric unit is in contact with the second end of the second heat pipe.

28. A temperature-stabilized storage container comprising

An outer wall generally defining an outer surface of the storage container, the outer wall including an outer aperture in an upper region;

an inner wall generally defining a temperature-stable storage region inside the storage container, the inner wall including an inner bore in an upper region;

a gap between the outer wall and the inner wall;

a conduit connecting the outer bore to the inner bore;

one or more sections of super active insulation material in the gap;

a phase change material cell attached to an inner surface of the temperature stable storage region;

a heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end being disposed within the phase change material unit and the second end being disposed adjacent the outer aperture;

a thermoelectric unit in contact with the second end of the heat pipe;

a heat dissipation unit connected to the thermoelectric unit and configured to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and

an electronic controller connected to the thermoelectric unit.

29. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, wherein the at least one section of super insulating material in the gap comprises:

a plurality of layers of multi-layer insulation substantially surrounding the heat-sealed storage region; and

a substantially evacuated space surrounding a plurality of layers of the multi-layer insulator.

30. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 29, wherein the substantially evacuated space has a volume of less than or equal to 5x10^-4The pressure of the torr.

31. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, wherein the temperature-stabilized storage region is configured to be maintained at a temperature substantially between about 2 degrees celsius and about 8 degrees celsius.

32. The temperature-stabilized storage vessel of claim 28, wherein the phase-change material unit includes:

a sealed vessel comprising a hydrocarbon-based phase change material within an expanded graphite structure.

33. The temperature-stabilized storage vessel of claim 28, wherein the phase-change material unit includes:

a phase change material substantially filling the sealed interior region of the phase change material cell, the phase change material having a freezing point between about 0 ℃ and about 2 ℃.

34. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, wherein the thermoelectric unit includes:

a peltier device.

35. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, wherein the heat sink includes:

a passive heat sink.

36. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, wherein the heat sink includes:

an active heat sink operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

37. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, wherein the electronic controller includes:

a circuit configured to control the thermoelectric unit.

38. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, further comprising:

a temperature sensor disposed within the temperature-stable storage region; and

a connector between the temperature sensor and the electronic controller.

39. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, further comprising:

a power cell attached to an outer surface of the container, the power cell operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

40. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, further comprising:

a connector attached to the electronic controller, the connector configured to be powered from an external power source.

41. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, further comprising:

a display unit affixed to an outer surface of the container, the display unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

42. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, further comprising:

a communication unit operatively coupled to the electronic controller.

43. The temperature-stabilized storage container of claim 28, further comprising:

a second phase change material unit disposed within the temperature stable storage region;

a second heat pipe having a first end and a second end, the first end disposed within the second phase change material unit and the second end disposed adjacent to the single access hole, wherein the thermoelectric unit is in contact with the second end of the second heat pipe.