HK1222635B - Floating lake and methods of treating water within the floating lake - Google Patents

Description

Floating lake and method for treating water in floating lake

This application is filed on November 4, 2014, as a PCT international patent application and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/900,308, filed on November 5, 2013, and U.S. Utility Patent Application Serial No. 14/531,395, filed on November 3, 2014, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

field

The present invention relates to a method and system for treating and constructing a floating lake within a large body of water, wherein the water quality and/or sensory properties within the floating lake meet different recreational standards or more stringent standards.

background

Throughout the world, there are numerous water bodies whose microbiological, physicochemical, and/or sensory conditions are unacceptable for recreational purposes, such as bathing and water sports involving direct contact with water. The quality of these water bodies is such that direct human contact presents a potential health and safety risk. Furthermore, the sensory conditions of these water bodies may not be attractive, aesthetically pleasing, and/or desirable, further hindering recreational use. Golf course ponds, reservoirs, park ponds, reservoirs, rivers, lakes, oceans, bays, and estuaries are examples of water bodies with microbiological, physicochemical, and/or sensory conditions that are unsuitable for recreational use. These water bodies can be found in crowded cities, in rural areas, or in areas with low population density.

As the world's population continues to increase, land is becoming a scarce resource as much of the land is being occupied at a rapid rate. Coastal areas attract many people due to their proximity to the sea or rivers. However, the rapid development of these areas often results in available land being used for residential or industrial construction, which limits the opportunities to use this land for recreational purposes. In non-coastal areas, many people do not have access to or live near water bodies with water quality and/or sensory conditions suitable for recreational use. In crowded cities, where there are natural or artificial water bodies, the available land is often used for residential or industrial purposes, leaving no inland space for the creation of water bodies that could improve the quality of life for people in these cities by providing opportunities for water sports and other recreational uses related to these water bodies. In addition, water bodies located in densely populated areas may be unsuitable for recreational use due to debris, pollution, and/or unsafe conditions in the water body (such as a sloping bottom, poor visibility, and unknown underwater topography).

Many people around the world yearn to visit regions with water bodies similar to those of tropical seas. The low turbidity and high transparency of these waters, creating a crystal-clear effect, and the white sandy beaches creating an aesthetically pleasing feature, are attractive and desirable. The clarity of tropical ocean waters attracts tourists worldwide. For example, in 2012, the Caribbean and surrounding regions attracted nearly 25 million visitors, a 5.4% increase over 2011, and this number is expected to continue to increase annually. Given the large number of water bodies worldwide, there is a need to transform these currently aesthetically pleasing and poorly-quality water bodies in order to enable their effective and safe use for recreational purposes. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to modify water bodies or portions of them to provide water bodies with the water quality and sensory qualities offered by tropical oceans. The ability to transform these water bodies would enable economic development in local communities and improve the lifestyles of people in large parts of the world by bringing an attractive tropical marine environment to currently unsuitable water bodies for recreational purposes.

Several studies have been conducted on lakes, reservoirs, and ponds in the United States. For example, an assessment of over 17 million acres of lakes, reservoirs, and ponds found that over 44% were impaired for one or more uses. These waterbodies were found to be impacted by nutrients, metals, sediment accumulation, total dissolved solids, and excessive algae growth, among other factors. Over 41% of lakes within the United States were determined to have a high or moderate risk of exposure to algal toxins, which could have widespread health consequences. These studies also found that over 140,000 waterbodies could potentially be used for recreational purposes, such as showering or water sports involving direct contact, if water quality and/or sensory conditions were more suitable. Generally, these waterbodies are unsuitable for recreational purposes due to poor water quality and/or unsuitable recreational or sensory conditions.

Furthermore, many existing bodies of water, whether natural or artificial, do not possess the sensory characteristics of tropical oceans and are unsuitable for recreational purposes and water sports for safety reasons related to physical hazards such as strong currents, dangerous shorelines, and/or uncertain or hazardous bottom features. Swimmers or those participating in water sports in these bodies of water may be exposed to one or more hazards. For example, drowning may occur if a swimmer or water sports participant is caught in a tidal or other type of current or becomes trapped by a submerged obstacle. Swimmers or water sports participants may also be injured by slipping or falling onto rocks or general debris; and/or by misjudging beach areas or other areas with sloping shorelines and potential safety hazards.

To be permitted for recreational use, water bodies must generally meet specific, strict regulations to avoid microbiological and/or physicochemical contamination that could negatively impact the health of recreational users. This is particularly important for specific populations at increased risk of disease, such as minors and the elderly. Furthermore, the impact of algae should be considered, as several human illnesses have been reported to be associated with toxic species of algae found in water bodies. Such regulations are intended to control the microbiological and physicochemical quality of water bodies, thereby ensuring safe recreation, including activities involving direct contact with water.

Some water bodies with water quality suitable for recreational purposes may lack sensory appeal due to a bottom covered in sediment, debris, and/or sludge, which imparts a dark and unpleasant color to the water. Therefore, water quality requirements for recreational use often include requirements specific to the water's sensory condition. These requirements typically stipulate that the water should be free of floating debris, floating algae, oil, scum, and other materials that may settle to form sediment; free of materials that produce objectionable color, odor, taste, or turbidity; and free of materials that may promote the growth of undesirable aquatic organisms. Regulations require that the water in recreational areas be sufficiently clear to allow users to estimate depth, easily see underwater hazards, and detect underwater debris or physical hazards such as rocks and sloping bottoms. The amount of light that can reach the bottom of a water body is generally a determining factor in water clarity. However, light penetration depth in natural or artificial water bodies is affected by suspended microscopic plants and animals, suspended mineral particles (fouling that imparts color, oil, and foam); and floating and suspended debris such as leaves and litter.

Many places around the world could benefit from large bodies of water with suitable water quality and/or sensory conditions for recreational purposes and marine sports. However, for obvious reasons based on their large size, such large bodies of water cannot be treated with current technology or traditional swimming pool filtration technology, which would require new structures and a considerable amount of chemicals and energy to treat. In many cases, structural modifications to natural or artificial water bodies should also be performed to address sensory conditions, such as changing the bottom that is covered with sediment, debris, and/or sludge, and has hazardous conditions, such as providing beach areas with safe slopes, among other requirements. There is currently no economically viable technology that can completely change the water quality of the entire water body of a large lake or other large natural or artificial water body and/or provide an attractive water color. The water body already has good quality, but has characteristics that lack aesthetics, which hinder recreational use. Therefore, there is a need for a system and a method that can transform a natural or artificial water body, thereby providing an area within the water body with water quality and/or aesthetic qualities that is suitable for recreational use and marine sports.

Existing technology

U.S. Patent No. 4,087,870 discloses a floating swimming pool comprising a wall made of a flexible sheet material, a buoyant edge portion, and a filter assembly. The floating swimming pool is designed as a conventional treatment swimming pool and provides similar operational features to permanent pool installations, such as a conventional centralized filtration system that filters the entire floating pool water volume and provides long-term chemical concentration, with one to six filtrations per day. However, such a system would be unsuitable for use in large floating lakes because it utilizes conventional swimming pool water treatment and filtration technology, which is technically and economically impractical for such installations.

US2005/0198730 discloses a floating swimming pool device. The primary structural components of this device are made of waterproof, fiberglass-reinforced plastic. This rigid material results in a relatively high cost, lacks flexibility to cope with water movement, and its structural load cannot withstand the loads of large floating lakes. Furthermore, due to structural limitations, this device is difficult to use in large floating lakes.

summary

The present invention relates to floating lakes and water treatment in such floating lakes. The present invention further relates to large floating lakes placed in natural or artificial bodies of water.

The volume of the floating lake, including its depth and surface area, can be determined based on demand and available resources, as well as the surface area and other physical characteristics of the water body. The floating lake can be equipped with a chemical application system; a filtration system including a mobile suction unit and filters; a skimmer system, and may also include a reconciliation system. The systems and methods of the present invention can be configured to provide significant cost savings due to lower capital costs, energy consumption, and chemical usage compared to conventional systems. This is due to the application's activation method based on the actual requirements of the water body, through assessment of specific variables, lower ORP standards required compared to traditional swimming pool treatments, and the use of an effective filtration system based on the color of the floating lake's bottom.

The present application relates to a method for treating water in a floating lake installed in a large body of water, the floating lake having walls and a bottom, wherein the bottom is made of a flexible material having a Young's modulus of up to 20 GPa. Generally, the method comprises applying an oxidant to the water in the floating lake to maintain an oxidation-reduction potential of at least 550 mV for a minimum of about 10 to about 20 hours within a 52-hour cycle; applying a flocculant to the water in the floating lake before the turbidity of the water exceeds 5 NTU; extracting the black component at the bottom of the floating lake using a mobile suction device when the CMYK color scale exceeds 30%, wherein the mobile suction device extracts a portion of the water from the bottom of the floating lake containing settled solids; filtering the water extracted by the mobile suction device and returning the filtered water to the floating lake; and supplying water to the floating lake to maintain a positive pressure of at least 20 Newtons per square meter of the surface area of the floating lake, wherein the positive pressure is maintained for at least 50% of the time over a 7-day period, and supplying water to the floating lake at a reset rate according to the following equation:

Reset rate ≥ evaporation rate + purification rate + leakage rate.

The present application also relates to the structure of a floating lake. Generally, the floating lake of the present application includes a flexible bottom having a Young's modulus of less than approximately 20 GPa and a wall portion having an edge, wherein the edge portion includes a flotation system; a pumping system capable of maintaining a positive pressure of at least 20 Newtons per square meter of the floating lake surface, wherein the positive pressure is maintained within a range of at least 50% of the time over a seven-day interval; a chemical application system for applying an oxidant or flocculant to the water body of the floating lake; a mobile suction device capable of moving along the flexible bottom of the floating lake and capable of sucking a portion of the water from the bottom containing settled solids; a filtration system in fluid communication with the mobile suction system, wherein the filtration system receives a portion of the water sucked by the mobile suction system; and a return line for returning filtered water from the filtration system to the floating lake. The system may also include a coordination system, wherein the coordination system activates operation of the chemical application system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 shows an embodiment of a floating lake according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a specific example of an embodiment of a floating lake according to the present invention.

FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of a cross section of a floating lake according to the present invention.

4A to 4C are schematic diagrams showing a layered structure used in the floating lake of the present invention.

FIG5 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating lake according to the present invention.

FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating lake according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating lake according to the present invention.

FIG8 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a suction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9A and 9B illustrate an embodiment of the floating lake of FIG. 1 .

10A and 10B are schematic diagrams showing a structural frame system for the floating lake of FIG. 1 .

11A and 11B show schematic diagrams of an inflatable portion for use in a floating lake such as that of FIG. 1S .

FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram showing different configurations of the expandable portion within the bottom of the floating lake of FIG. 1 .

12B and 12C show schematic diagrams of partial cross-sections of the expandable portion of FIG. 12A .

Detailed description

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Although embodiments of the invention may be described, modifications, variations, and other implementations are possible. For example, substitutions, additions, or modifications may be made to the elements shown in the drawings and the methods described herein may be modified by replacing, reordering, or adding steps to the disclosed methods. Therefore, the following detailed description does not limit the scope of the invention. Although the term "comprising" various devices or steps is used in describing systems and methods, the systems and methods may also "consist essentially of" or "consist of" the various devices or steps unless otherwise specified.

System and method of the present invention

The present invention relates to a floating lake system and a method for treating water in the floating lake.

The present invention relates to large floating lakes having completely transparent water bodies similar to those in tropical seas. The large floating lakes are generally located within the confines of a natural or artificial body of water, such as an ocean, river, lake, reservoir, lagoon, dam, pond, canal, harbor, estuary, stream, ocean bay, river bay, or other body of water. Although the present invention provides embodiments of various bodies of water "within the confines," it will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiments may also include those adjacent to the edge of a coastline or beach.

To fully utilize water bodies worldwide that suffer from poor water quality and/or unpleasant sensory characteristics and help improve the quality of life for people around the world, the present application also relates to methods for treating large floating lakes. The present application's floating lakes, when used for recreational purposes, along with safe water sports, can have an unprecedented regional impact on the amenity of cities around the world. The present application's floating lakes create aesthetically pleasing features that cannot be economically produced using existing technology, making a significant impact in utilizing natural or artificial water bodies that were previously not considered useful.

The dimensions of the floating lake, including the depth and surface area of the floating lake, can vary based on demand and available resources, as well as the surface area and other physical characteristics of the body of water in which the floating lake is constructed, such as underwater obstructions, depth, etc. For example, in some embodiments, the floating lake can have a surface area of at least 5000 ^m2 , or at least 10,000 ^m2 , or at least 20,000 ^m2 .

Embodiments of the treatment method are directed to providing treatment for large floating lakes located within natural or artificial bodies of water. Such natural or artificial bodies of water may have water quality that does not meet sanitary and/or sensory requirements for recreational use, or more stringent requirements. Using the method of the present invention, a specifically designed floating lake system is provided.

According to this embodiment, a floating lake can be installed in natural or artificial waterways. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate exemplary embodiments of a floating lake installed in a natural waterway. A floating lake can, for example, provide recreational water features to a city or municipality in a region that does not provide water quality and/or aesthetic conditions suitable for recreational use. A floating lake can be installed to improve the quality of water that is unsuitable for recreational use due to chemical or biological contamination, safety concerns, or sensory reasons.

The floating lake can be constructed to provide buoyancy and adjust to changes in the water level of the surrounding body of water. For example, the floating lake system can be designed to float as the water level of the surrounding body of water changes. In this case, when the water level of the surrounding body of water drops (for example, at low tide), the entire floating lake system can drop along with the surface of the natural body of water. On the other hand, when the water level of the surrounding body of water rises, the floating lake can rise along with it. This is because the flotation system of the floating lake system provides buoyancy to the floating lake and can keep the surface of the floating lake at the same or similar level as the surface of the surrounding body of water. In an alternative embodiment, at low water levels, at least a portion of the bottom of the floating lake may be in contact with the bottom of the surrounding body of water, or may be in contact with the bottom at all times.

Changes in the water level within the floating lake or the movement of the water within the floating lake and the surrounding water due to tides, currents, natural waves caused by wind, or other phenomena can result in changes in the back pressure or load on the bottom of the floating lake. The stability of the floating lake structure can be considered in the design of the structure, for example, when the structure is mounted vertically relative to the bottom of the surrounding water to cope with the loads generated. The structure can be designed to cope with such loads by providing a flexible, yet stable bottom that sways or moves according to the movement of the surrounding water. In addition, the structure can include an anchor system that provides vertical and/or horizontal support to the floating lake system to cope with underwater forces.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG3 , a floating lake 1 may include a flexible bottom 2 and walls 3. Bottom 2 and walls 3 may include a liner 200 constructed of an impermeable material capable of retaining the water within the floating lake and substantially separating the water within the floating lake from surrounding artificial or natural water bodies. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, rubber, plastic, polytetrafluoroethylene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, fiber, fiberboard, wood, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride film, fabric, composite fabric, geomembrane, acrylic resin, and the like, and combinations thereof. Liner 202 in bottom 2 may be connected to liner 203 in wall 3. In an alternative embodiment, liner 202 in bottom 2 is constructed of a different material than liner 203 in wall 3.

According to one embodiment, the bottom 2 and/or walls 3 comprise multiple layers, wherein these layers can be made of the same or different materials and can vary in permeability. Additional layers can be provided to help prevent water from leaking from the floating lake into the surrounding water. To reduce water loss from the floating lake to the surrounding water, a collection or drainage system can be provided between the different layers of the bottom. Furthermore, various structures can be used to provide a certain degree of flatness or rigidity to the bottom and/or walls of the floating lake. A certain degree of flexibility in the bottom 2 can better resist punctures, breakage, and other damage to the floating lake 1.

The Young's modulus, or elastic modulus, of a material is a measure of its elasticity. Larger values indicate a more rigid material, while lower values indicate a more elastic material. To provide a flexible bottom, the Young's modulus of the materials or components used in the bottom 2 is typically no greater than about 100 GPa, about 50 GPa, about 20 GPa, or about 15 GPa or 10 GPa, so that the bottom assembly is flexible and returns to its natural state without being significantly deformed or broken by loads such as pressure applied by the surrounding water, the water in the floating lake, or from movement of a suction device.

According to an embodiment, the liner 200 is made of an elastic component having a Young's modulus of up to about 20 GPa. In one embodiment, the liner 200 is made of an elastic component having a Young's modulus of up to about 10 GPa. In another embodiment, the liner 200 is made of an elastic component having a Young's modulus of about 0.01 to about 20 GPa. In another embodiment, the liner 200 is made of an elastic component having a Young's modulus of about 0.01 to about 15 GPa. In yet another embodiment, the liner 200 is made of an elastic component having a Young's modulus of about 0.01 to about 10 GPa. Different portions of the liner 200 (e.g., the bottom of the liner 202 or the wall of the liner 203) can be constructed from different components.

Flexible bottom 2 provides numerous benefits to floating lake 1. For example, flexible bottom 2 offers a low-cost option for floating lake construction, can withstand pressure without puncture or damage, is easy to install, and adapts to water movement within and outside the floating lake. On the other hand, a completely rigid bottom is very expensive, difficult to install, and easily damaged by the large loads exerted by the surrounding water. By using a completely rigid bottom, the loads exerted by the surrounding water can cause the material to become loose, the structure to fail, and the water contained within the floating lake to become contaminated and mixed with the surrounding water, thereby failing to achieve the desired water quality and/or sensory conditions for recreational use.

Bottom 2 of floating lake 1 can comprise one or more materials and structures. In one embodiment, floating lake 1 can have a bottom 2 comprised of one or more layers. As shown in Figures 4A-4C , bottom 2 can have a layered structure. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4A , the layered structure of bottom 2 can comprise a single layer. In another embodiment shown in Figure 4B , the layered structure of bottom 2 can comprise two layers. And in another embodiment shown in Figure 4C , the layered structure of bottom 2 can comprise multiple layers.

Different layers can be combined to provide a base 2 having different properties such as durability, impermeability, stability, and rigidity and/or flexibility. In one embodiment, the base 2 and the wall 3 are constructed of the same or similar materials. Alternatively, the base 2 can be constructed of a different material than the wall 3, or can have a different layered structure. The Young's modulus of the base material is a measure of the Young's modulus of the base as a whole, which can include one or more different materials in different structures.

According to an embodiment, the bottom 2 comprises components or materials such as rubber, plastic, polytetrafluoroethylene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, fiber, fiberboard, wood, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride film, fabric, acrylic resin, etc., and combinations thereof, which can provide a flexible bottom with an overall Young's modulus of up to 20 GPa. In many embodiments, each layer of the bottom 2 independently has a Young's modulus of at most 20 GPa.

In an exemplary embodiment, bottom 2 and wall 3 comprise fabric layers, for example, composite fabrics, such as waterproof fabrics, comprised of nylon fabric injected with polyurethane, which has an impermeable characteristic. This fabric can be sewn and sealed to form bottom 2 and wall 3 of floating lake 1, creating a structure that can retain water within floating lake 1 and adequately separate it from the surrounding water, protecting the water from infiltration into the surrounding water.

In another exemplary embodiment, the bottom 2 and wall 3 comprise a layer of linear low density polyethylene ("LLDPE"). For example, the bottom 2 and wall 3 may comprise an LLDPE geomembrane that may be heat fused, welded or glued together with a sealing material suitable for prolonged contact with water. In another exemplary embodiment, the bottom 2 and wall 3 comprise a layer of high strength PVC material. Other suitable materials include geotextiles, PVC materials, elastomeric materials or polymer sprays or as multi-layer asphalt geosynthetics. The thickness of the liner may be any suitable thickness to meet the purpose and may be adjusted to suit the requirements of the floating lake 1, such as durability, puncture resistance, stability and rigidity/flexibility. The thickness of the liner may be, for example, approximately 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1 mm or thicker. In a layered structure, such as the multi-layer structure shown in Figure 4C, the liner may be included as a layer. A suitable sealing material for connecting the bottoms 2 to each other or to the walls 2 is butyl rubber tape, which is a waterproof, self-adhesive, pliable and flexible adhesive tape capable of adhering to plastic. Waterproof materials and sealing techniques such as heat fusion, welding or gluing also allow the creation of a structure that can adequately separate the water in the floating lake 1 from the surrounding water.

The bottom may also include one or more structural frames. These structural frames may be configured to accommodate a modular configuration of the floating lake system. As shown in FIG10A , the floating lake 1 may include one or more structural frames 15 located at the bottom of the floating lake 1. These structural frames may be configured to be placed below or above the layered structure of the bottom 2, or between layers. However, the structural frames are preferably placed below the bottom layer to provide structure without interfering with the impermeable layer of the floating lake. In this configuration, the structural frames 15 may be connected together based on the shape of the bottom of the floating lake 1 to provide additional stability to the bottom. FIG10B shows an embodiment of the floating lake 1, including a bottom 2 with a structural frame 15, a wall 3, and a flotation system 5. In at least some embodiments, the structural frame 15 may also be provided in the wall 3 of the floating lake 1 to provide additional stability and maintain the shape of the floating lake 1. The structural frame 15 may be connected to the rim 4 and/or the flotation system 5.

The structural frame 15 can be constructed from rigid or flexible materials. Because the structural frame is typically placed underwater, the material is selected to be suitable for underwater conditions. The rigid frame, pipes, or profiles used to create the rigid structural frame can be constructed from any suitable material. Examples of rigid materials include metals such as steel or aluminum, plastics, wood, concrete, and other materials. The flexible frame, pipes, hoses, or profiles used to create the rigid structural frame can be constructed from any suitable material to accommodate the construction of a flexible frame. Examples of flexible materials include plastics, rubber, fabric, and nylon, among other materials.

The structural frame 15 can be constructed by connecting the frame components 150 together using connectors 151. The connectors 151 and the connector material can be selected based on the design structure and material of the frame components 150. The connectors 151 can be composed of flexible or rigid materials. Suitable frame connectors 151 include rings, mechanical joint systems such as welds, plates, screws, wires, etc. The connectors 151 can further be used to connect the frame components 150 to the rest of the floating lake 1 structure.

According to an embodiment, the wall 3 may further include a rim 4, as shown in Figures 3 and 5-7. The rim 4 may include a structural frame member 150 and may be at least partially covered by a liner 200. The rim 4 in the floating lake 1 may include a flotation system 5 (shown in Figures 3 and 5-7). The flotation system 5 provides buoyancy and allows the water level in the floating lake 1 to be maintained, generating positive pressure in the floating lake 1. The flotation system 5 may also provide stability around the floating lake 1 and help the floating lake 1 maintain its shape at the surface. The flotation system 5 may include a plurality of floating elements distributed around the floating lake 1, or a continuous floating element surrounding the floating lake 1. The flotation system 5 may be attached to the liner 200 and/or at least partially covered by the liner 200, as shown in Figures 5-7. The flotation system 5 may further be attached to the structural frame 15.

The flotation system 5 along the rim 4 or wall 3 of the floating lake 1 can include various flotation materials and devices, such as polyurethane systems; polystyrene systems such as extruded polystyrene and polystyrene foam beads; polyethylene systems; air-filled systems such as air chambers, rubber air bags, or vinyl resin air bags; and other suitable materials such as plastic, foam, rubber, vinyl, resin, concrete, aluminum, and different types of wood. Examples of commercially available flotation materials are composite materials comprising an outer layer of ethylene and hard acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic (ABS) and an inner layer of ABS foam, Styrofoam, and high-performance, extruded, closed-cell polyethylene foam such as Ethafoam.

The size and type of flotation elements can be determined based on the volume of the floating lake 1, the amount of water disposed therein, and the desired buoyancy provided by the flotation elements. For example, the flotation system 5 can be sized to provide sufficient buoyancy to the floating lake 1 so that the floating lake 1 remains afloat (i.e., does not contact the bottom of the surrounding water body) even under high internal pressure. Alternatively, the flotation system 5 and the depth of the floating lake 1 can be designed so that at least a portion of the bottom of the floating lake 1 is in contact with the bottom of the surrounding water body.

In one embodiment, additional features can be added to the floating lake 1. For example, the rim 4 of the floating lake 1 can be configured to include a beach, a walking path, a promenade, a pedestrian promenade, a pontoon, a handrail, an inclined entry system, and/or other amenity facilities. Additional features can also be optionally attached to the exterior or interior of the floating lake 1, such as a floating dock, which can be modular or fixed, a floating platform, a pontoon, etc.

The floating lake 1 can be anchored or fixed in place within the surrounding body of water. For example, the floating lake 1 can be anchored to the bottom of the surrounding body of water and/or fixed to or attached to the shore of the surrounding body of water. The floating lake 1 can include multiple anchor points 210, which can be tethered to the bottom of the corresponding anchor points or anchors or along the shore of the surrounding body of water via ropes 220, as shown in Figure 3. The number and location of anchor points 210 can be configured based on the size of the floating lake 1, the size of the surrounding body of water, and conditions (e.g., typical weather conditions, tides, and currents). The anchor points 210 can be reinforced and can be made of any suitable material, such as plastic, metal, concrete, and combinations thereof. According to one embodiment, the ropes 220 connecting the anchors and the floating lake 1 are adjustable and/or extendable. This allows for increased flexibility as needed. For example, if increased currents or waves are observed in the surrounding body of water, the length of the ropes can be increased (or decreased) manually or automatically to prevent the combined forces from stressing the floating lake material.

In one embodiment, the floating lake 1 is designed and constructed to be connected to the mainland along a portion of its rim 4. As can be seen in FIG9A , the floating lake 1 can be anchored to the mainland directly or via a deck system 10, which provides suitable and safe access for people from the mainland to the floating lake system. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG9B , the floating lake 1 is separated from the mainland and located on the shore of a surrounding body of water. The floating lake 1 can be connected to the mainland by a deck/bridge system 11, which provides suitable and safe access for people from the mainland to the floating lake system. In another embodiment, the floating lake system is not connected to the mainland, but can be accessed through a natural or artificial surrounding body of water.

According to one embodiment, positive pressure is provided within the floating lake 1. This positive pressure can be used to ensure that the water in the floating lake 1 is not contaminated by the surrounding water in the event that the bottom 2 or wall 3 is punctured or damaged, and to help maintain the shape of the floating lake 1. The positive pressure within the floating lake 1 allows water from the floating lake 1 to be drained into the surrounding water, thereby preventing the water in the floating lake 1 from being contaminated. To maintain the positive pressure in the event that the bottom 2 or wall 3 of the floating lake 1 is damaged, water can be added to the floating lake 1 at a certain rate to maintain the positive pressure within the floating lake 1.

According to one embodiment, positive pressure can be maintained by keeping the surface 6 of the water in the floating lake 1 above the water level 100 of the surrounding water, i.e., by slightly overfilling the floating lake 1. Without such overfilling, the floating lake 1 would assume its normal shape and volume. However, because the walls 3 and bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 are constructed of a flexible material, the material will flex due to the weight of the water when the floating lake 1 is overfilled. This flexing of the material causes the actual level of the water in the floating lake 1 to become similar to or equal to the level of the surrounding water, while still maintaining the desired positive pressure.

While in practice the water level will be roughly equal to that of the surrounding water, in theory the increase in water level can be used to calculate the additional volume of water required to generate the desired positive pressure. For example, if the water level within the floating lake is desired to be 2 mm above the level of the surrounding water, the water volume can be calculated by multiplying the water area by the height above the water level. However, in practice, due to the flexibility of the wall 3 of the floating lake 1 (i.e., the structure that separates the volume of the floating lake from the surrounding water), when the above-water volume is added, the wall 3 of the floating lake 1 expands, and the actual water level in the floating lake becomes similar to or equal to the level of the surrounding water.

In a preferred embodiment, the positive pressure on the inner surface of the floating lake is at least approximately 20 Newtons per square meter (N/ ^m² ) to prevent water from entering the floating lake 1 from the surrounding water body in the event of a puncture or other damage. In other embodiments, the positive pressure is at least approximately 10 N/m², approximately 15 N/m², approximately 18 N/m², approximately 25 N/m², or approximately 30 N/m². A positive pressure of at least 20 N/m² is equivalent to maintaining the surface 6 of the water within the floating lake at least approximately 2 mm higher than the surface 100 of the water surrounding the floating lake 1, thereby creating a volume of water above the surrounding water level. As discussed, this increase in water level is theoretical; in practice, the walls 3 and bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 flex to accommodate the additional water volume, and the water level of the floating lake 1 and the surrounding water body becomes approximately equal. Therefore, such a positive pressure can also be based on the volume of additional water, which exceeds the initial volume of water in the floating lake 1 in its natural (non-flexed) state.

Positive pressure within the floating lake 1 can be maintained by pumping water into the lake as needed, thereby maintaining the desired pressure through the pumping system. For example, positive pressure can be maintained by pumping water for a period of time that is no less than 50% of a 7-day period. Preferably, the positive pressure in the floating lake is maintained continuously. Higher internal pressures in the floating lake 1 are offset by the buoyancy provided by the flotation system 5. According to one embodiment, the size of the flotation system 5 and the buoyancy provided by the floating material are configured to correspond to the external loads generated by the volume of additional water and the positive pressure from users and equipment in or around the floating lake 1. The size and shape of the flotation system 5 can be adjusted (by adding or removing floating material) to change the buoyancy to match the resulting load.

According to one embodiment, the floating lake 1 may include a coordination system, wherein the coordination system may receive information regarding water quality and physicochemical parameters, process the information, and activate operations to maintain the water quality parameters and other physicochemical parameters within predetermined ranges. The floating lake may include a coordination system for maintaining the water quality and other physicochemical parameters within the floating lake within predetermined ranges. The coordination system allows for activation of different operational processes, which may be performed automatically by receiving information via corresponding coordination components and control units, or by manually inputting and/or manually processing information.

In an optional embodiment, the coordination system includes a plurality of sensors positioned within or around the floating lake. Information from the sensors can be manually or automatically fed into a computer that processes the information. The coordination mechanism can simply provide instructions to be executed by a human, or it can automatically execute the corrective actions.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG5 , the coordination system includes a coordination component 20 capable of obtaining and/or receiving information (e.g., from sensors located within and around the floating lake 1 and the surrounding water body), processing the information, and activating actions based on the received information (either by providing instructions or by automatically activating such actions). Coordination component 20 may include a control unit 22, such as a computer, and at least one monitoring device 24, such as a sensor. The sensor may be an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) meter, a turbidity meter, or other device for measuring a water quality parameter. According to other embodiments, coordination component 20 may include two or more monitoring devices 24. Coordination component 20 may also include additional monitoring devices 24 for other water quality parameters, such as pH, alkalinity, hardness (calcium), chlorine, and microbial growth, among others.

According to alternative embodiments, the coordination system may be replaced by one or more people manually acquiring and/or inputting and/or processing information, or activating and/or implementing operations for maintaining water quality parameters and/or other physicochemical parameters. Such operations may include adding water treatment chemicals and/or moving a suction device, etc.

According to one embodiment, the coordination system may include an automated system. The automated system may be programmed to monitor water quality parameters and/or physicochemical parameters continuously or at pre-set intervals and activate one or more systems. For example, the automated system may add a chemical to treat the water upon detecting a crossing of a predetermined threshold. According to an alternative embodiment, the coordination system includes manually controlled addition of treatment chemicals based on empirical or visual determination of water quality parameters.

The floating lake 1 may include a system for adding treatment chemicals to the water. According to the embodiment shown in FIG5 , the system for adding treatment chemicals to the water includes a chemical application system 30. The chemical application system 30 may be automated and may be controlled by the control unit 22 of the coordination assembly 20.

According to an alternative embodiment shown in FIG6 , chemical application system 30 can be operated or manually activated based on water quality parameters. For example, water quality parameters can be manually obtained, obtained through empirical or analytical methods, such as algorithms, based on experience, visual inspection, or through the use of sensors, and can be obtained by manually processing or inputting information about the water quality parameters into a processing device (e.g., a computer). Based on the information about the water quality parameters, operation of chemical application system 30 can be manually activated, such as by activating a switch.

The chemical application system 30 may be operated on-site or via a remote connection (eg, via the internet), wherein the information is sent to a central processing unit and may be accessed via the remote connection, allowing activation of the chemical application system 30 .

Chemical application system 30 may include at least one chemical reservoir, a pump for dosing the chemical, and a dispensing device. Chemical application system 30 may include multiple chemical reservoirs to hold chemicals for isolation treatment, such as oxidants, flocculants, etc. The pumps may be activated on-site or remotely via a signal from control unit 22 or manually by activating a switch. The dispensing device may include any suitable dispensing mechanism, such as an injector, a nozzle, a dispenser, a pipe, or a combination thereof.

FIG7 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which chemicals can be metered into the water manually or by using a separate chemical application mechanism. For example, water quality parameters can be obtained manually, visually, or by using sensors, and information about the water quality parameters can be processed manually or by entering a processing device (e.g., a computer). Based on the information about the water quality parameters, chemicals can be manually added to the water.

The bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 can be cleaned using a mobile suction device 42 that can move along the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 to remove settled particles from the bottom 2. The bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 is cleaned intermittently, thereby providing an attractive coloration to the water and preventing the accumulation of settled material and debris on the bottom 2. Typically, the mobile suction device 42 is capable of cleaning a flexible bottom 2 with a Young's modulus of up to 20 GPa.

Typically, the floating lake 1 also includes a filtration system 40. According to one embodiment, filtering only a portion of the floating lake water is sufficient to maintain the desired water quality and physicochemical parameters. As shown in Figures 5-7, the filtration system 40 includes at least one mobile suction device 42 and an associated filtration system 44. The mobile suction device 42 is configured to suction a portion of the water containing debris, particles, solids, flocs, flocculated materials, and/or other impurities settled on the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. Suctioning and filtering this portion of the water volume within the floating lake provides the desired water quality, eliminating the need to filter the entire volume of the floating lake water using the filtration system, as compared to conventional swimming pool filtration technology, which requires filtering the entire water volume one to six times per day.

According to one embodiment, the mobile suction device 42 is capable of moving along the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. However, to maximize the efficiency of removing debris, particles, solids, flocs, flocculated materials, and/or other impurities that have settled on the bottom 2, the mobile suction device 42 can be configured so that its movement minimizes the dispersion of the settled material. In an embodiment, the mobile suction device 42 is configured to not include components, such as rotating brushes, that can redisperse a significant portion of the settled material from the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 during operation of the suction device.

The activation of the operation of the mobile suction device 42 can be controlled by a coordination system, which includes the control unit 22, or manually by an operator. According to the embodiment shown in FIG5 , the activation of the operation of the mobile suction device 42 is controlled by the control unit 22. In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG6 and 7 , the mobile suction device 42 is manually activated, for example, by activating a switch or sending an activation message.

The mobile suction device 42 may include a pump or a separate pump, or a pump station may be provided to suck water and pump the sucked water to the filtration system 44. The separate pump or pump station may be located within the floating lake 1 along the perimeter of the floating lake 1, or outside the floating lake 1, for example, on the shore of the surrounding water body.

The mobile suction device 42 is in fluid communication with a filtration system 44. The filtration system 44 generally includes one or more filters, such as cartridge filters, sand filters, microfilters, ultrafilters, nanofilters, or combinations thereof. The mobile suction device 42 is typically connected to the filtration system 44 via a collection line 43, which may include a flexible hose, a rigid hose, a pipe, or the like. The filtration system 44 can be located along the perimeter of the floating lake 1, on a floating structure, or along the shoreline of the surrounding body of water. The capacity of the filtration system 44 is typically scaled to the capacity of the mobile suction device 42. The filtration system 44 filters the water flow from the mobile suction device corresponding to a certain volume of the water in the floating lake. The water filtered by the filtration system 44 is returned to the floating lake via a return line 60, which may include a flexible hose, a rigid hose, a pipe, an open channel, or the like. The location of the return water can be optimized to minimize the cost of pumping the water.

Compared to conventional filtration systems that have the capacity to filter the entire body of water in a swimming pool 1 to 6 times per day, the filtration system 44 of the present application can be configured to have a filtration capacity of about 1/10, or about 1/30, or about 1/60, or about 1/100, or about 1/300 of that of conventional filtration systems. This translates to a daily filtration capacity in the range of about 1:10, or about 1:25, about 1:50, about 1:75, about 1:100, about 1:200, or about 1:300 of the volume of the floating lake. The energy consumption of a filtration system is generally proportional to its size; therefore, lower energy consumption can be expected to result in significant cost savings, and the filtration process requires smaller equipment.

In one embodiment, mobile suction device 42 may include a magnetic system suitable for underwater cleaning of flexible bottoms. Improved cleaning of floating lakes with flexible bottoms can be achieved with a mobile suction device capable of adhering to bottom materials with opposing magnetic elements. As shown in FIG8 , mobile magnetic suction device 420 includes a magnetic system comprising an inner component 430 and an outer component 435. Inner component 430 is positioned on bottom 2 of floating lake 1 within the interior of floating lake 1, in contact with the water of floating lake 1. Inner component 430 may include at least one suction device 431. Outer component 435 is positioned outside floating lake 1, in contact with the surrounding water.

The magnetic system can include two or more magnetic elements (432, 436) that are capable of attracting each other. The magnetic elements 432, 436 can have opposing magnetic fields, or at least one of the magnetic elements has a magnetic field and one or more of the magnetic elements is ferromagnetic (i.e., attracted by the magnetic field). The inner component 430 of the mobile suction device 420, which includes a suction device 431, includes a first magnetic component 432. The inner component 430 and the first magnetic element 432 are positioned along the inner surface of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. The outer component 435 includes a second magnetic element 436, which is positioned on the outer surface of the bottom 2 and in contact with the surrounding water. The first and second magnetic elements 432, 436 are aligned at corresponding positions along the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 so that the magnetic attraction maintains the alignment of the first and second magnetic elements 432, 436. The magnetic system is thus capable of maintaining the movement of the mobile suction device 420 along the flexible bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. The inner and outer components 430 , 435 of the mobile suction device 420 may include brushes, rollers, tracks, tires, or other mechanisms to drive the magnetic suction device 420 along the bottom 2 .

In one embodiment, the inner member 430 is propelled along the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1, and due to the interaction between the first and second magnetic elements 432, 436, the outer member 435 is pulled forward, causing it to remain adjacent to the inner member 430. In an alternative embodiment, instead of the inner member 430 pulling the outer member 435, the outer member 435 is driven along the outer surface of the bottom 2 and pulls the inner member 430 and the suction device 431 with it. This can be achieved by, for example, providing a propulsion system for the outer surface of the bottom 2, which system can include tracks, tires, or other structures that allow the outer member 435 to crawl along the outer surface of the bottom 2. Providing a propulsion system along the outer surface of the bottom 2 allows the use of a cheaper and lighter inner member 430.

In another embodiment, the mobile suction device 42 comprises a flexible mobile suction device that moves through the bottom of the floating lake, wherein the floating lake 1 provides a stable bottom for the mobile suction device to move on. The flexible mobile suction device can adapt to the flexible stable bottom for thorough cleaning.

In yet another embodiment, the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 comprises a layered structure. As can be seen in Figures 11A and 11B , in this exemplary embodiment, the layered structure comprises layers of material, such as a cushion-type material filled with air, water, or other liquids positioned between the layers, which acts as an additional cushion 16 between the water or air in the floating lake and the surrounding water. This cushion 16 can provide stability to the bottom 2 and allow, for example, more efficient operation of a suction device. The liner can also be filled with an expandable foam material.

In another embodiment, inside the liner, the liner includes a series of inflatable members 17 distributed along the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. As shown in FIG12A , the inflatable members 17 are connected to the bottom and can be inflated so that the inflatable members 17 expand upward ( FIG12B ) or downward ( FIG12C ) from the bottom 2, depending on the structure and manufacture of the inflatable members 17. It is recommended that the inflatable members 17 be arranged outside the bottom (as shown in FIG12C ), to the side of the surrounding water body, to avoid affecting the flat bottom of the floating lake.

The inflatable member 17 can take a variety of forms. In one embodiment, the member is substantially rectangular, covering the entire surface area of the liner 200 and separating it into separate sections. However, in other embodiments, the inflatable member 17 has other shapes, such as a triangle or a pentagon, as necessary to effectively support the operation of the suction device 42 and offset external forces. The inflatable member 17 can also take the form of a tube, forming a perimeter of various shapes, thereby reducing the surface area that needs to be inflated. Inflation of the various sections can be achieved in any conventional manner, for example, by providing the liner 200 with an integrated inflation conduit, permanently or as needed, connected to one or more pumps. Although in most embodiments, the inflatable member 17 is filled with air, purer gases or other fluids can be used, such as water or a fluid with a density lower than that of the surrounding water. Additionally, a portion of the inflatable sections 17 may be filled with one liquid or gas while others are filled with another liquid or gas, or the inflatable sections 17 may be filled with a mixture of liquid and gas (e.g., water and air) to achieve different buoyancy within the section.

If desired, these inflatable members 17 can be permanently inflated or selectively inflated during the installation process. For example, the inflatable members 17 can be permanently or selectively inflated to stabilize the bottom sufficiently to support the weight and movement of the suction device 42. Selective inflatable members can be used when certain forces are anticipated, such as increased wind or waves caused by a storm or a large vessel.

A liner with inflatable components 17 can also be incorporated into a larger structure. This larger structure can be a thicker liner 200, wherein the inflatable components 17 comprise additional layers of the liner 200. The other layers may or may not have their own inflatable components 17. If other layer(s) do have inflatable components 17, these portions can be aligned with the corresponding additional inflatable components 17. Similarly, to allow for tensioning of the bottom material and additional anchoring systems, the bottom liner 202 can be attached to a rigid structure (e.g., a structural frame 15).

The floating lake 1 may also include a skimmer system 50. The skimmer system 50 can be used to separate water from floating debris, oil, and grease. As shown in Figures 5-7, the skimmer system 50 may include a skimmer 52 that skims surface water from the floating lake 1 and is fluidically connected to a separation system 54. The skimmer 52 is typically connected to the separation system 54 via a connection line 53 comprising a flexible hose, a rigid hose, a pipe, an open channel, or the like. Because the impurities (e.g., oil, grease, and floating debris) in the skimmed water differ in nature and quality from those in the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1, the skimmed water typically does not require filtration. Therefore, depending on the embodiment, the separation system 54 may include an oil separator (e.g., a flow-through device) to separate oil and grease from the water, and a screen or coarse filter to separate debris. Water from the separation system 54 may be returned to the floating lake 1 via a return line 60. The return line 60 may be the same as or separate from the return line of the filtration system 40. According to one embodiment, the skimmer system 50 includes a plurality of skimmers 52 that can be dispersed along the perimeter of the floating lake 1. FIG5 shows a first skimmer 52 and a second skimmer 52 in dashed lines to indicate the plurality of skimmers. The skimmer system 50 preferably operates continuously, or can also operate intermittently. The skimmer system 50 can be controlled by the control unit 22 ( FIG5 ) or manually ( FIG6 ).

Floating Lake Operation

Currently, floating swimming pools are very rare and those that are available on the market are small in size and are operated in the manner of conventional swimming pools. Conventional floating swimming pools are typically built and operated according to swimming pool standards, which require high and persistent chemical levels and filtration of the entire water body 1 to 6 times a day. Applying conventional swimming pool technology to the floating lakes of the present invention would present two major problems: (1) the high cost of applying swimming pool technology to large bodies of water due to the high frequency of chemical use and the use of conventional centralized filtration systems to filter the entire water body 1 to 6 times a day and (2) the dangers that may occur in the event of damage to the bottom or walls of the floating lake. Different technologies and maintenance methods must be used to maintain the sanitary standards of large floating lakes because, when using conventional swimming pool technology, water with high chemical content may be released into the surrounding water body, adversely affecting aquatic life and the marine or freshwater environment. Therefore, the use of conventional swimming pool technology should be avoided to save energy and protect the ecosystem of the surrounding water body.

According to one embodiment, the quality and physicochemical condition of the water in the floating lake 1 is maintained through a process that includes the addition of treatment chemicals and the removal of debris, particles, solids, flocculent material, and/or other impurities from the bottom of the floating lake based on relevant water quality parameters and/or physicochemical conditions. The water quality in the floating lake 1 can be measured, for example, with respect to specific parameters such as oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), turbidity, pH, alkalinity, hardness (calcium), chlorine, microbial growth, and so on. The chemical application system can be timed to maintain water quality parameters within set limits through a coordinated system. This system can be activated based on actual need, resulting in the application of smaller amounts of chemicals and less energy than existing pool water treatment methods.

In embodiments, water quality parameters can be obtained manually, such as by visual inspection, by using a water quality meter (e.g., a probe such as a pH probe, turbidity meter, colorimeter, or ORP meter), or by obtaining a sample and obtaining a measured water quality using analytical methods. Information regarding water quality parameters can be obtained by or entered into a coordination system. In one embodiment, an automated coordination system can be programmed to monitor water quality parameters continuously or at predetermined intervals, compare the monitoring results with predetermined parameters, and activate one or more systems when a crossover occurs. For example, upon detecting a crossover of predetermined parameters, the automated system can activate the addition of treatment chemicals or a filtration system. In an alternative embodiment, water quality parameters can be obtained manually and the information or results entered into the coordination system can be compared with predetermined values, and the application of treatment chemicals can be manually activated. Treatment chemicals used to maintain the water quality of floating lakes can include any suitable water treatment chemicals. For example, the treatment chemicals can include oxidants, flocculants, coagulants, algaecides, sterilants, or pH adjusters. According to a preferred embodiment, the treatment chemicals include oxidants and flocculants.

The water quality parameters can be obtained continuously or at regular intervals, depending on the needs of the floating lake. In one embodiment, the ORP of the water (or other water quality parameter) is measured either by a monitoring device 24 such as a sensor (the system of FIG. 5 ), or by empirical or analytical methods, such as an empirically based algorithm, or visual inspection (the systems of FIG. 6 and 7 ).

The redox potential of the water in the floating lake is maintained at a minimum ORP value for a minimum period of time within a 52-hour cycle to provide water of desired water quality. An oxidant is applied to the water in the floating lake to maintain the redox potential above the minimum value for a minimum period of time within the 52-hour cycle (e.g., treatment period). In one embodiment, the redox potential level is maintained at approximately 550 millivolts or greater. This minimum ORP level is significantly lower than the ORP level typically maintained in swimming pools to achieve adequate disinfection. The ORP treatment time within the 52-hour cycle can be continuous, periodic, intermittent, or discontinuous. In one embodiment, the minimum period of time within the 52-hour cycle is from about 10 to about 20 hours. While the minimum ORP level can be maintained continuously, i.e., 24 hours per day, the redox potential level can also be maintained only for specific time periods, e.g., the minimum period, double the minimum period, or at intervals of 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 hours, during which the redox potential level is not maintained. The oxidant can be selected from a halogen-based compound, permanganate, peroxide, ozone, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, an oxidant produced by electrolysis, or a combination thereof. The amount of oxidant added to the water (the "effective amount") can be preset or can be determined based on the measured ORP of the water and the desired increase in ORP in the water (e.g., by the control device 22 shown in FIG5 or manually).

To maintain the water quality of the floating lake 1, the turbidity of the water may also be monitored. Flocculants and/or coagulants may be added to aggregate, clump, coalesce, and/or coagulate suspended solids, organic matter, inorganic matter, bacteria, algae, and the like into particles that subsequently settle to the bottom of the floating lake. For example, flocculants may be added to the water to induce flocculation of suspended solids, such as organic and inorganic matter, thereby causing turbidity, and thereby aid in the process of settling such particles, where they can be removed by a mobile suction device. Typically, the flocculant or coagulant is applied or dispersed into the water via a chemical application system. Suitable flocculants or coagulants include, but are not limited to, synthetic polymers such as quaternary ammonium-containing polymers and polycationic polymers (e.g., polyquaternium salts), cationic and anionic polymers, aluminum salts, aluminum hydrochloride, alum, aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, polyacrylamide, sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, alginates, Moringa seeds, starch derivatives, or other ingredients having flocculant properties, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the added flocculant is activated before the turbidity exceeds a predetermined value, such as 2-NTU (nephelometric turbidity units), 3-NTU, 4-NTU, or 5-NTU. A coordinated system can be used to activate the added flocculant and/or coagulant before the turbidity of the water exceeds a predetermined value, thereby causing flocculation and sedimentation of organic and inorganic matter. The portion of water containing the collected or settled flocculants is typically a layer of water along the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. The flocculants settle to the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 and can then be removed by the mobile suction device 42 without filtering all of the water in the floating lake 1, for example, only a small portion. The "small portion" of water that is filtered can be less than about 30%, less than about 25%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 9%, less than about 8%, less than about 7%, less than about 6%, less than about 5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3%, less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.9%, less than about 0.8%, less than about 0.7%, less than about 0.6%, or less than about 0.5% of the total volume of water in the lake per day. The amount of flocculant added to the water can be predetermined or can be determined based on the turbidity of the water and the desired turbidity reduction in the water (e.g., by the control device 22 shown in FIG5 or manually). The water treatment chemical can preferably also have algaecidal properties.

In the event of damage to the bottom or walls of the floating structure, or in the event that the water contained in the floating lake is transferred to the surrounding water body for any other reason, the dosage of water treatment chemicals, such as oxidants and flocculants, may be done bearing in mind the possible pollution and harm to the surrounding water body.

Particulates, solids, flocculent materials, flocculated materials, and/or other impurities that settle to the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 may cause the apparent color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 to change. For example, settled impurities may cause the color of the bottom 2 to appear darker than its original color. According to a method, the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 is monitored, and when the color changes by a predetermined amount, suction of water and impurities from the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 is activated. The measured or perceived color can be obtained through empirical or analytical methods, such as empirical algorithms, visual inspection, automated equipment, or other means, and can be compared to a predetermined value, such as an increased color component (e.g., black) from the actual color of the bottom 2.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that in the context of the color of the base 2 , the term “base” refers to the uppermost layer of the base 2 , which is the surface visible from above the base 2 .

In an exemplary embodiment, the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 can be monitored by changes in the black component of the CMYK or other suitable color scale. The CMYK color scale uses four colors expressed in percentages: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. The K component of the CMYK color scale represents the black component of the color. For example, a color with CMYK 15%, 0%, 25%, 36% represents a color with 15% cyan, 0% magenta, 25% yellow, and 36% black components. The black component of the lake bottom can be assessed by visually comparing the lake bottom color to a standard CMYK chart or palette, and determining the black component from the percentage found in the CMYK chart. Alternatively, other color components may be used.

Alternative color scales, such as L*a*b* (also known as Lab or CIELAB), X-Y-Z, RGB, or HEX, may also be used. In the L*a*b* color scale, color is measured along three axes: L, a, and b, with the L axis measuring lightness. An L value of 100 represents white, and L=0 represents black. When the amount of impurities deposited on the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 and the perceived color of the bottom 2 reach L=30, operation of the mobile suction device 42 is activated.

According to one embodiment, the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 is monitored using a monitoring device 24, such as a colorimeter. According to an alternative embodiment, the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 can be determined by visual inspection by comparing the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 to a color palette. The color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 can be visually observed from the surface of the water, or, particularly when turbidity is high (e.g., greater than about 7 NTU), by using a transparent peephole connected to a pipe that allows visual observation of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1.

Bottom 2 of floating lake 1 is typically colored to give the water in floating lake 1 a pleasing color and appearance. For example, bottom 2 of floating lake 1 may be comprised of a colored material or painted a color such as white, yellow, or blue. In an exemplary embodiment, the color of bottom 2 of floating lake 1 is measured by monitoring device 24 (e.g., a colorimeter) of coordination assembly 20. The perceived color of bottom 2 of floating lake 1 can be compared to its actual or original color through empirical or analytical methods, such as experience, visual inspection, comparison with a color guide, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and other methods.

The operation of the mobile suction device 42 can be activated by the coordination system. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the operation of the mobile suction device 42 can be activated by the control unit 22, and in other embodiments shown in Figures 6 and 7, the operation of the mobile suction device 42 can be manually activated.

According to one embodiment, the operation of the mobile suction device 42 is activated before the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 exceeds a predetermined value (for example, the black component of the color of the bottom 2 exceeds 30% on the CMYK color scale (or other suitable color scale)). In one embodiment, the operation of the mobile suction device 42 is activated by the control unit 22 of the coordination component 20.

The color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 can be further monitored to determine the end point of the operation of the mobile suction device 42. For example, if the black content of the color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 decreases below a predetermined value, the operation of the mobile suction device 42 can be stopped. This value can be, for example, a black content exceeding 10% units, 5 units, or 3 units of the actual color of the bottom 2. For example, based on the CMYK color scale, if the original color of the bottom 2 is 15%, 0%, 25%, or 10% (with a black content of 10%), the value can be set at 20% black, 15% black, or 13% black. This value can be predetermined based on the actual color of the bottom 2 of the floating lake 1 and the desired level of cleanliness of the floating lake 1.

The color of large floating lakes can be monitored at multiple locations throughout the lake. If the floating lake also includes multiple suction devices 42, the bottom 2 can be selectively cleaned in the region to prevent the color of the bottom 2 from exceeding a predetermined value.

The suction device 42 is preferably a mobile suction device capable of cleaning a flexible bottom 2 having a Young's modulus of up to 20 GPa. The mobile suction device 42 moves across the flexible bottom 2 of the floating lake 1, drawing any settled material along the water. The drawn water and impurities are then sent to a filtration system 44, where the impurities are separated from the water. The water drawn by the suction device 42 can be sent to the system 44 using a pump or pump station.

After extraction and filtration, the filtered water can be returned to the floating lake. The point at which the filtered water is returned to the floating lake should be designed to minimize the energy cost of pumping this water flow. Surface debris and oil can be removed from the floating lake using a skimmer system 50. The skimmer system 50, which includes floating skimmers, can be installed along the perimeter of the floating lake 1.

Water should be supplied to the floating lake 1 in order to compensate for evaporation, as water will be lost from the floating lake for cleaning purposes and eventually leakage rates. The evaporation rate depends on the meteorological conditions at the location of the floating lake.

According to one embodiment, water is supplied to the floating lake 1 at a rate sufficient to maintain positive pressure and replace water lost for cleaning purposes, leakage and evaporation according to the following equation:

Replacement rate ≥ evaporation rate + cleaning rate + leakage rate

The replacement rate includes water lost due to leakage, including water lost due to damage to the walls 3 or bottom 2 of the floating lake 1. The cleaning rate corresponds to the water loss rate during the filtration operation of the pumped water. It should be noted that although the filtration system is a closed system, water drawn by the mobile suction device 42 to clean the flexible bottom 2 is sent to the filtration system 44 and then returned to the floating lake 1. This also includes water loss due to the filtration system's backwashing process, or if some water, impurities, or other substances remain in the filter media. Therefore, the cleaning rate represents the actual water loss rate due to the filtration system's backwashing process and other losses, such as minor losses within the piping network and other systems and equipment.

Typically, such rates are measured in volume of water supplied to the floating lake per unit time.

Floating Lake 1 can be supplied with replacement water from surrounding water bodies. This replacement water from surrounding water bodies can be analyzed to determine whether it can be supplied directly to Floating Lake 1 or if it requires treatment before being supplied to Floating Lake 1. For example, if the replacement water can be supplied directly to Floating Lake 1, the replacement water can be analyzed using a platinum-cobalt colorimetric standard. The platinum-cobalt colorimetric standard assigns a standard number to color within a range of 1 to ⁵⁰⁰⁺ . The platinum-cobalt colorimetric comparison involves comparing a 100 mL sample (pre-filtered if any visible turbidity is present) to a standard color compiled according to ASTM specifications. According to one embodiment, the replacement water for Floating Lake 1 has a platinum-cobalt true color of less than 30. Additionally, the microbiological quality of the replacement water can be tested before being supplied to Floating Lake 1. In a preferred embodiment, the replacement water contains less than 2,000 CFU/ml (colony forming units per milliliter) in order to be supplied directly to Floating Lake 1. If the replacement water has a true color higher than 30 platinum-cobalt, or if the replacement water from the surrounding water body has a bacterial count exceeding 2000 CFU/ml, the water will generally need to be pre-treated before being supplied to the floating lake 1. If the surrounding water body has a true color lower than 30 platinum-cobalt, or a bacterial count less than 2000 CFU/ml, the water can be used directly or pre-treated before being supplied to the floating lake. In other embodiments, water from other sources can also be used as an alternative water in the floating lake.

In another embodiment, a floating lake comprises permeable walls. While the surrounding water may be of suitable quality for recreational purposes, the bottom may be covered with sediment, debris, or sludge, resulting in a dark and unpleasant color or appearance that is not sensory appealing. In this case, a floating lake can be provided wherein the walls are permeable and allow good quality water to pass through, while the bottom still comprises a solid, flexible material. Providing a solid bottom—i.e., a stable and continuous bottom capable of withstanding the pressure caused by a moving suction device—allows the floating lake to maintain a pleasant color and water on the bottom, thereby allowing the suction device to move through the bottom and draw in settled organic and inorganic matter. Therefore, where the conditions of the natural or artificial water body are suitable for recreational purposes, the walls can be constructed of a permeable material, thereby allowing water to be introduced directly from the surrounding water body. In one embodiment, the permeability of the material forming the wall can be selected to provide a specific infiltration rate.

Other embodiments of floating lakes include systems for controlling water temperature. For example, the floating lake can be constructed to maintain a water temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. In cold climates, while natural waters may otherwise be suitable for recreational use, they may be too cold for swimming or water sports throughout most or all of the year. To provide a warmer water temperature for the floating lake 1, the lake bottom can be a darker color, such as dark blue, green, brown, or black. The dark bottom allows solar radiation to heat the water in the floating lake 1 to a temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. For example, the temperature of the floating lake 1 can be 4-10°C higher than that of the surrounding water. The bottom and walls of the floating lake 1 can also be constructed of insulating materials, further facilitating heat retention within the floating lake 1.

The floating lake system of the present invention can be used for other purposes, such as industrial cooling, for example, in thermal power plants, data centers, foundries, residential and industrial HVAC systems, thermal-solar power plants, the paper industry, refineries, nuclear power plants, and other residential or industrial cooling processes. For example, the floating lake system of the present invention can be installed within a large body of water to provide low-cost, high-quality cooling water for industrial cooling systems and to dissipate heat from heated cooling water without significantly impacting the properties of the large natural or artificial body of water in which the floating lake is installed. In one embodiment, the floating lake comprises a surface area of approximately 50 to approximately 30,000 ^m² per megawatt of cooling required for the industrial process. Generally, the water from the floating lake contains significantly less organic matter than the large natural or artificial body of water within which the floating lake is installed, thereby providing high-quality cooling water for heat exchangers in the industrial process and minimizing biofouling and preventing the undesirable accumulation of biofouling in heat exchange piping that can reduce heat transfer capacity. In one embodiment, the floating lake can be configured to include a feed line operatively connecting the floating lake to a heat exchanger of an industrial process, providing cooling water from the floating lake to the heat exchanger, and a return line operatively connecting the industrial process to the floating lake, returning heated cooling water from the heat exchanger to the floating lake. The cooling water is treated according to the method of the present invention and recirculated within the floating lake to provide a continuous cooling system over a period of time.

Example

The following examples are illustrative, and other embodiments exist and are within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

To test this technology, a floating lake with an 8m x 8m surface area and an average depth of 2.5 meters was constructed. The lake had impermeable walls and a single-layer bottom made of 1mm PVC material, exhibiting a Young's modulus of 3 GPa. The PVC material was hot-melted to create the floating lake structure, and buoyant material was attached to the perimeter of the surface to provide structural stability and maintain the lake's shape.

The floating lake was installed near an irrigation pond with an area exceeding 6,000 ^m² , which contained water of poor quality and was unsuitable for recreational purposes. The irrigation pond contained water with high turbidity, a bottom covered with sediment that gave the water a dark color, and a high concentration of organic matter. Key parameters of the surrounding lake water quality were measured. The total bacterial count was 300 CFU/ml, and the platinum-cobalt true color specification was 35. Therefore, water from the surrounding water body was pretreated before being supplied to the floating lake. While the water met the bacteriological requirements, it did not meet the true color requirements and was therefore treated before entering the floating lake.

The floating lake is designed to have a positive pressure, which is calculated by the additional volume required to enter the floating lake, which is equivalent to having a higher water level than the pond water level. The positive pressure is selected to be at least 20N/ ^m2 . Since the floating lake surface is ^64m2 , the theoretical minimum above-level volume is calculated as ^0.128m2 according to the following formula:

Higher-level volume (m ³ ) ≥ 0.002m x 64m ²

Higher-horizontal volume (m ³ ) ≥ 0.128m ³

Accordingly, because the water level within the floating lake is desired to be 2 mm above the level of the surrounding water, the total volume of water required to achieve the high-leveling is calculated to be 0.128 m ³ . However, in practice, it has been found that due to the flexibility of the floating lake's walls (i.e., the structure separating the floating lake's volume from the surrounding water), when the high-leveling volume is added, the floating lake's walls expand. This expansion causes the actual water level within the floating lake to become equal to the surrounding water level and the desired positive pressure.

The designed above-horizontal volume of ^0.5m³ corresponds to a positive pressure generated by a height within the floating lake of 7.8mm above the surrounding water level, or a positive pressure of approximately 76N/ ^m² . This positive pressure is maintained by providing flotation devices at the edges of the floating lake, which compensate for the weight of the water.

The coordination system activated the application of an oxidant to maintain an ORP level of 570 mV for 18 hours out of a 52-hour cycle, and also activated the application of a flocculant composition to prevent the water turbidity from exceeding 5 NTU. The applied oxidant was sodium hypochlorite, added at a concentration of 1 ppm during the application process. The addition of the flocculant caused the impurities to flocculate, which were then allowed to settle to the bottom of the floating lake.

The coordination system also activates the operation of the mobile suction device by sending a signal to the device's respective operator. In this case, the mobile suction device allows for cleaning of a flexible bottom constructed of PVC with a Young's modulus of approximately 3 GPa. The mobile suction device is specially designed and incorporates a magnetic system, allowing for cleaning of the flexible bottom. The suction device comprises an inner component that is placed on the inner bottom surface of the floating lake and an outer component that is placed on the outer bottom surface of the floating lake. The inner and outer components are magnetically attracted and clean the flexible bottom of the floating lake by suctioning settled material.

The suction device is activated before the increase in the bottom black content exceeds 30% compared to the original color. The bottom black content is visually evaluated by comparing it to the CMYK color scale. The suction device is operated and moves across the bottom of the floating lake to suck up settled impurities.

The water sucked in by the suction device is pumped through a hose into a filtration system located on the bank of the irrigation pond.

Water is fed into the floating lake to maintain positive pressure within it. The water is replaced to compensate for the evaporation rate, estimated at 2 mm per day, and the very small water flow rate corresponds to the cleaning rate. Therefore, based on the cleaning rate and evaporation rate, the replacement rate is calculated to maintain a positive headwater volume. The replacement water flow is intermittent, and the positive pressure is maintained by keeping the water level of the floating lake between 5 mm and 1 cm above the surrounding water level for more than 50% of the time over a 7-day period.

For comparison, the following water quality parameters were obtained from the floating lake and surrounding water bodies:

Table 1: Comparison of surrounding water quality and floating lake water quality

The floating lakes and methods of the embodiments provide a safe and sensory-appealing body of water that exhibits better color and water quality than surrounding ponds.

Although certain embodiments of the present invention have been described, other embodiments are possible. Although the specification includes a detailed description, the scope of the present invention is determined by the appended claims. In addition, although the specification has used language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, the claims are not limited to such features or acts. On the contrary, the specific features and acts described above are merely exemplary aspects and embodiments of the present invention. After reviewing this specification, a person of ordinary skill in the art will become aware of various other aspects, embodiments, modifications, and equivalent modes thereof without departing from the spirit of the present invention or the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Claims (70)

1. A method for treating water in a floating lake, wherein the floating lake has a surface area of at least 5,000 ^m² , is suitable for floating in and being installed in a larger body of water surrounding it, the floating lake includes walls and a bottom, wherein the walls have edges, wherein the edges include a flotation system comprising a plurality of floating elements distributed along or continuously around the floating lake, and wherein the bottom of the floating lake is constructed of a flexible material having a Young's modulus of up to 20 GPa, wherein the method comprises: a. Apply an oxidant to the water to maintain a redox potential of at least 550 mV for at least 10 to 20 hours over a 52-hour cycle; b. Apply flocculant to the water before the turbidity exceeds 5 NTU; c. The black component at the bottom of the floating lake activates one or more mobile suction devices before the CMYK color level exceeds 30%, wherein the mobile suction devices draw water from the bottom containing settled solids; d. Filtering the water drawn in by the mobile suction device and returning the filtered water to the floating lake, thus providing the removal of settled solids from the water in the floating lake without having to filter the entire volume of water in the floating lake; and e. Water is supplied to the floating lake to maintain a positive pressure of at least 20 Newtons per square meter of its surface area, wherein the supplied water has a true color of up to 35% platinum-cobalt and a total bacterial count of less than 2000 CFU/ml, and wherein the positive pressure is maintained for at least 50% of that time over a 7-day interval, wherein water is supplied to the floating lake at a restoring rate according to the following formula: Reset rate ≥ Evaporation rate + Purification rate + Leakage rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the larger body of water is an ocean, river, lake, reservoir, estuary, stream, bend, dam, pond, harbor, or bay. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the larger body of water is a canal, lagoon, or ocean bay. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bottom and walls of the floating lake are made of a non-permeable material capable of retaining water within the floating lake and substantially separating the water within the floating lake from surrounding artificial or natural water bodies. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the floating lake bottom includes a system for providing stability for the operation of the suction device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the system providing stability for the operation of the suction device is a pad-type system, a structural frame, multiple layers, a chamber, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from halogen-based compounds, permanganates, peroxides, ozone, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, oxidants produced by electrolysis, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the flocculant is selected from cationic polymers, anionic polymers, aluminum salts, aluminum chloride, quaternary ammonium polymers, polyquaternary ammonium salts, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, polyacrylamide, sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, alginate, moringa seeds, starch derivatives, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the flocculant is alum. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the flocculant is aluminum sulfate. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the color of the bottom of the floating lake provides a specific tinting to the water body. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the bottom is white, yellow, or light blue, or a combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the application of the chemical substance is activated by a coordination system. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the suction device is activated by a coordination system. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the color of the bottom of the floating lake is determined by empirical methods, algorithms, based on experience, visual inspection, or automated equipment. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable suction device is capable of cleaning a flexible bottom having a Young's modulus of less than 20 GPa. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the movable suction device includes a magnetic system capable of maintaining the movable suction device along the flexible bottom. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the movable suction device comprises a flexible device. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration system is located within a floating facility or on land. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the reset water is pumped into the floating lake via a pumping system. 21. An artificial floating lake system, wherein the floating lake is installed in a relatively large body of water, the system comprising: a. A floating lake having a surface area of at least 5000 ^m² , wherein the floating lake is suitable for floating in a larger body of water surrounding it and includes a flexible bottom having a Young's modulus of less than 20 GPa and walls having edges, wherein the edges include a flotation system; b. A chemical application system for applying an oxidant or flocculant to the water of a floating lake; wherein the chemical application system is activated to apply an oxidant to the water of the floating lake to establish a redox potential (ORP) of at least 550 mV in the water for 10 to 20 hours within a 52-hour cycle. c. A pumping system that maintains a positive pressure of at least 20 Newtons per square meter of the surface area of the floating lake, wherein the positive pressure is maintained at least 50% of that time over a 7-day interval; d. A mobile suction device capable of moving along the flexible bottom of a floating lake and capable of sucking up a portion of water from the bottom containing settled solids; e. A filtration system in fluid communication with a mobile suction system, wherein the filtration system receives a portion of the water drawn by the mobile suction device; and f. A return line used to return filtered water from the filtration system to the floating lake. 22. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the larger body of water is an ocean, river, lake, reservoir, estuary, stream, bend, dam, pond, harbor, or bay. 23. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the larger body of water is a canal, lagoon, or ocean bay. 24. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom and walls of the floating lake are made of a non-permeable material capable of retaining water within the floating lake and substantially separating the water within the floating lake from surrounding artificial or natural water bodies. 25. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom comprises a single impermeable layer that separates the water in the floating lake from the surrounding water body. 26. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom comprises multiple layers to separate the water in the floating lake from the surrounding water. 27. The floating lake system of claim 26, wherein the plurality of layers may be made of the same or different materials and have different permeabilities. 28. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom comprises a structural frame containing one or more frame components capable of providing greater stability to the bottom and/or a modular structure. 29. The floating lake system of claim 28, wherein the bottom includes a frame connector between the frame components. 30. The floating lake system of claim 28, wherein the floating lake includes one or more tracks for providing a connection between a flexible bottom and one or more frame components. 31. The floating lake system of claim 28, wherein the frame components are constructed of a rigid material. 32. The floating lake system of claim 31, wherein the rigid material of the frame component includes metal, plastic, wood, concrete, or a combination thereof. 33. The floating lake system according to claim 32, wherein the rigid material of the frame component comprises a metal alloy. 34. The floating lake system of claim 28, wherein the frame component is constructed of a flexible material. 35. The floating lake system of claim 34, wherein the flexible material of the frame component comprises rubber, plastic, fabric, or a combination thereof. 36. The floating lake system of claim 35, wherein the flexible material of the frame component comprises nylon. 37. The floating lake system of claim 29, wherein the frame connector is constructed using a flexible material. 38. The floating lake system of claim 29, wherein the frame connector is constructed using a rigid material. 39. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom comprises one or more pad-type units capable of providing a stable bottom. 40. The floating lake system of claim 39, wherein the pad-type unit is filled with fluid, the fluid comprising a gas or liquid, or an expandable foam material, or a combination thereof. 41. The flotation system of claim 21, wherein the flotation system comprises one or more floating elements selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane systems; polystyrene systems; polyethylene systems; air-filled systems; and systems made of other suitable materials. 42. The floating lake system according to claim 41, wherein the polystyrene system is extruded polystyrene and expanded polystyrene beads. 43. The floating lake system according to claim 41, wherein the air-filled system is an air cavity. 44. The floating lake system according to claim 43, wherein the air-filling system is a rubber air bag. 45. The floating lake system of claim 43, wherein the air-filling system is a vinyl air bag. 46. The floating lake system of claim 41, wherein the other suitable materials are plastics, foams, rubber, vinyl materials, resins, concrete, aluminum, different kinds of wood, and combinations thereof. 47. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the floating lake includes one or more auxiliary features selected from beaches, walkways, pedestrian corridors, floating bridges, handrails, or inclined entrance systems. 48. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom and/or walls of the floating lake are anchored to the bottom of the surrounding water body to cope with ocean currents, wind, tides and specific weather conditions of the surrounding water body and environment. 49. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the floating lake system comprises one or more anchor points connected to the bottom of the surrounding water body. 50. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the floating lake is anchored to the mainland to provide access to the floating lake system. 51. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the floating lake is separated from the mainland by a certain distance and an entrance from the mainland to the floating lake is provided by one or more docks and bridges connecting the mainland and the floating lake. 52. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the floating lake system includes a coordination system. 53. The floating lake system according to claim 52, wherein the coordination system is arranged and configured to receive information about water quality parameters, process the information, and activate the operation of the chemical application mechanism and/or the mobile suction device and/or the filtration system. 54. The floating lake system of claim 53, wherein the coordination system is arranged and configured to activate the operation of the moving suction device before the black component at the bottom reaches a CMYK gradation of more than 30%. 55. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom material is a flexible material selected from rubber, plastic, fiber, fiberboard, wood, fabric, geomembrane, acrylic, and combinations thereof. 56. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is polytetrafluoroethylene. 57. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is low-density polyethylene. 58. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is high-density polyethylene. 59. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is polypropylene. 60. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is polystyrene. 61. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is polycarbonate. 62. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is polyethylene terephthalate. 63. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is polyamide. 64. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is a PVC membrane. 65. The floating lake system of claim 55, wherein the bottom material is a composite fabric. 66. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the wall comprises a permeable material that allows water to pass through the wall from the body of water in which the floating lake is installed at a predetermined permeability. 67. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the system comprises a plurality of mobile suction devices, and wherein the filtration system comprises a plurality of filters. 68. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom is colored, the color providing a specific tint to the water in the floating lake. 69. The floating lake system of claim 21, wherein the bottom is white, yellow, or light blue, or a combination thereof. 70. The floating lake system of claim 21, further comprising a feed line from the floating lake to the heat exchanger system for allowing water from the floating lake to enter the heat exchanger during the industrial process, and a return water line from the heat exchanger to the floating lake during the industrial process.