HK1217146A1 - Hybrid reference signals for wireless communication - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus of a multimedia telephony services over IMS (MTSI) based user equipment (UE) configurable for video Region-of-Interest (ROI) signaling and operation as an MTSI sender, the apparatus comprising: memory; and processing circuitry configured to: signal video Region-of-Interest (ROI) information for a first ROI of an MTSI receiver in real-time protocol (RTP) packets, the RTP packets to include at least a zoom command to capture the first ROI, the first ROI being a requested ROI of the MTSI receiver; decode received RTP payload packets from the MTSI receiver, the RTP payload packets comprising video corresponding to the first ROI; receive signaling in RTCP feedback reports from the MTSI receiver requesting a second ROI, the second ROI provided during an Session Description Protocol (SDP) capability negotiation, the second ROI being a predefined ROI of the MTSI sender; and encode video corresponding to the second ROI in RTP payload packets for transmission to the MTSI receiver.

Description

Hybrid reference signals for wireless communications

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application No.61/816,662 entitled "advanced wireless communication systems and technologies," filed on 26/4/2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to reference signals for wireless communications.

Background

The reference signal may be used in a conventional wireless communication system for various purposes such as channel measurement and data demodulation. Some conventional wireless communication systems include multiple types of reference signals, and use each type of reference signal for superposition and redundancy (occasional) purposes. These multiple reference signals may result in excessive overhead and may not be suitable for noisy or changing environments.

Drawings

These embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For ease of illustration, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network in accordance with various embodiments.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of AN illustrative Access Node (AN) configured to provide a hybrid reference signal in accordance with various embodiments.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example hybrid reference signal in accordance with various embodiments.

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of providing a hybrid reference signal in accordance with various embodiments.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an illustrative User Equipment (UE) configured to receive a mixed reference signal in accordance with various embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example computing device that may be used to implement embodiments described herein.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for hybrid reference signal transmission in wireless communications. In some embodiments, an apparatus may comprise: assigning logic that assigns indices to the first set and the second set; identifying logic that selects resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set and according to a second rule for each index in the second set, wherein the second rule is different from the first rule; and transmission logic to provide a hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements.

The hybrid reference signal techniques disclosed herein may provide improvements over conventional reference signals in wireless communications. As described above, some conventional systems provide purposefully superimposed reference signals of multiple types. For example, the third generation partnership project long term evolution ("3 gpp lte") standard includes cell-specific reference signals ("CRS"), channel state information reference signals ("CSIRS"), and demodulation reference signals ("DMRS"). CRS is intended for channel measurement and data demodulation, CSIRS is intended for channel measurement, and DMRS is intended for data demodulation. The CSIRS symbols may be transmitted less frequently (in the time and frequency dimensions, referred to as having a "lower density") relative to the CRS symbols, and the number of transmitted CSIRS symbols may depend on the number of antenna ports used to provide the reference signal. DMRS symbols may have a higher density than CSIRS symbols, and the number of DMRS symbols transmitted may depend on the number of transmission layers (generally less than the number of antenna ports).

Various types of reference signals may have different strengths and weaknesses. For example, using CRS may have advantages in terms of synchronization and time/frequency tracking over using CSIRS, while using CSIRS may have advantages over using CRS due to lower density and higher efficiency. However, although the 3gpp lte standard includes both CRS and CSIRS, the standard isolates these two types of reference signals, using each type of reference signal as a different transmission mode. Maintaining both types of reference signals for the purpose of channel measurement may result in unnecessary redundancy, and undesirable overhead, while not taking advantage of the potential complementarity between the reference signal types.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout, and in which is shown by way of illustration embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Various operations may be described as multiple discrete acts or operations in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the claimed subject matter. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations may not be performed in the order of presentation. The operations described may be performed in an order different than the described embodiments. Various additional operations may be performed and/or the operations described may be omitted in additional embodiments.

For the purposes of this disclosure, the phrase "a and/or B" means (a), (B), or (a and B). For the purposes of this disclosure, the phrase "A, B, and/or C" means (a), (B), (C), (a and B), (a and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C). The description uses the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in various embodiments," which each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Additionally, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, are synonymous.

As used herein, the term "logic" may refer to, include, or be part of: a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes one or more software or firmware programs, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.

The embodiments described herein may be used in a variety of applications including transmitters and receivers of a mobile radio system. Radio systems specifically included within the scope of embodiments include, but are not limited to, network interface cards ("NICs"), network adapters, base stations, access points ("APs"), relay nodes, node bs, gateways, bridges, hubs, and satellite radiotelephones. In addition, radio systems within the scope of embodiments may include satellite systems, personal communication systems ("PCS"), two-way radio systems, global positioning systems ("GPS"), two-way pagers, personal computers ("PC") and related peripherals, personal digital assistants ("PDA"), and personal computing devices.

Referring now to fig. 1, an example wireless communication environment 100 is shown in accordance with various embodiments. The wireless communication environment 100 may be configured as one or more wireless communication networks such as a wireless personal area network ("WPAN"), a wireless local area network ("WLAN"), and a wireless metropolitan area network ("WMAN").

The wireless communication environment 100 may include one or more user equipments ("UEs"), shown generally as 108, 110, and 112. As described below, one or more of the UEs 108, 110, and 112 may be configured to support mixed reference signals. The UEs 108, 110, and 112 may include wireless electronic devices such as desktop computers, laptop computers, handheld computers, tablet computers, cellular telephones, pagers, audio and/or video players (e.g., MP3 players or DVD players), gaming devices, video cameras, digital cameras, navigation devices (e.g., GPS devices), wireless peripherals (e.g., printers, scanners, headset, keyboards, mice, etc.), medical devices (e.g., heart rate monitors, blood pressure monitors, etc.), and/or other suitable fixed, portable, or mobile electronic devices. Although fig. 1 depicts three UEs, the wireless communication environment 100 may include more or fewer UEs.

The UEs 108, 110, and 112 may be configured to communicate with one or more Access Nodes (ANs), shown generally as 102 and 104, via radio links. As shown in fig. 1, AN102 may serve UE108 in cell 114, and AN104 may serve UEs 110 and 112 in cell 116. In some embodiments, ANs 102 and 104 may comprise or may be included in AN evolved node b (enb), a Remote Radio Head (RRH), or the like. In some embodiments, ANs 102 and 104 may be enbs deployed in a heterogeneous network. In such embodiments, ANs 102 and 104 may be referred to as femto enbs, pico enbs, or macro enbs, and may be associated with femto cells, pico cells, or macro cells, respectively.

The wireless communication may include various modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access ("DS-CDMA") and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access ("FH-CDMA")), time division multiplexing ("TDM") modulation, frequency division multiplexing ("FDM") modulation, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ("OFDM") modulation, multi-carrier modulation ("MDM"), and/or other suitable modulation techniques for communicating via a wireless link. The ANs 102 and 104 may be connected to a core network 106, and authentication and inter-AN communication may be performed through the core network 106.

UEs 108, 110, and 112 may be configured to communicate using a multiple-input multiple-output ("MIMO") communication mechanism. ANs 102 and 104 may include one or more antennas, one or more radio modules to modulate and/or demodulate signals transmitted or received over the air interface, and one or more digital modules to process signals transmitted and received over the air interface. One or more antennas of UEs 108, 110, and 112 may be used to simultaneously utilize radio resources of multiple respective component carriers of wireless communication environment 100 (e.g., component carriers corresponding to antennas of ANs 102 and 104).

Embodiments of the systems and methods described herein may be implemented in a broadband wireless access network including a network operating in accordance with one or more protocols specified by 3GPP and its derivatives, worldwide interoperability for microwave access ("WiMAX") forum, IEEE802.16 standards (e.g., IEEE802.16-2005 modifications), LTE plans with any modifications, updates, and/or revisions (e.g., LTE advanced plan, ultra mobile broadband ("UMB") plan (also referred to as "3 GPP 2"), etc.). For ease of discussion, many of the examples described herein may refer to 3 GPP-compliant wireless communication networks; however, the subject matter of the present disclosure is not so limited, and the described embodiments may be applied to other wireless communication networks (e.g., specifications and/or standards developed by other special interest groups and/or standard development organizations (e.g., the wireless fidelity ("Wi-Fi") alliance, the WiMAX forum, the infrared data organization ("IrDA"), etc.)) that may benefit from the systems and techniques described herein.

In some embodiments, AN102 may be configured to provide a hybrid reference signal in accordance with various embodiments. As used herein, a "reference signal" may refer to a signal that is accessed by the physical layer of two wireless devices and is transmitted between the two wireless devices that does not carry information from higher layers in the protocol stack. In some embodiments, the reference signals may be used, for example, for channel estimation for demodulation, transmission of channel state information, cell selection decisions, and/or handover decisions. The reference signal may include various symbols transmitted in various resource elements as described below. In some embodiments, the hybrid reference signals disclosed herein may provide improved time and frequency resource efficiency while maintaining or improving legacy reference signals in, for example, channel measurement, time/frequency tracking, and synchronization. Embodiments of the hybrid reference signal disclosed herein may also be dynamically adjusted (e.g., by changing the density of the hybrid reference signal) in response to different wireless communication condition events (e.g., when the signal-to-noise ratio ("SNR") falls below a threshold).

Referring now to fig. 2, exemplary components of AN102 are shown. The components of AN102, discussed in detail below, can be included in any one or more ANs included in a wireless communication network (e.g., AN104 of wireless communication network 100). In some embodiments, AN102 may be, or be included in, AN eNB.

The AN102 may include assignment logic 206, which assignment logic 206 may be configured to assign indices to the first set ("S1") and the second set ("S2"). In some embodiments, each index may correspond to a resource block, and thus S1 and S2 may correspond to a set of resource blocks, respectively. As used herein, "resource block" may refer to a series of time and frequency resources. In particular, a resource block may refer to a group of multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and a time interval in the time domainAnd (4) grouping. Resource block size in frequency domainMay be expressed as the number of subcarriers in a resource block. The time dimension of one resource block may be referred to as a "slot" and may have a fixed duration (e.g., 0.5 milliseconds). The size of the time dimension may alternatively be expressed as the number of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) in a resource blockFor example, a resource block may include 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domainTo 6 or 7 symbols in the time domain (respectivelyOr 7, depending on whether an extended or normal cyclic prefix ("CP") is used). In some embodiments, the subcarriers in the frequency domain may be divided by a fixed number (e.g., 15 kilohertz).

In some embodiments, the total number of indices may be equal to the downlink bandwidthMultiple of (which may be expressed as a resource block size in the frequency domain)Multiples of (d). The multiple may be less than, greater than, or equal to 1; thus, in various embodiments, each index may correspond to more than one resource block, a portion of a resource block, or a single resource block, respectively. In some embodiments, each resource block in the downlink bandwidth may correspond to a unique index (e.g., when the multiple is 1), or more than one index (e.g., when the multiple is more than 1). In some embodiments, some resource blocks may not correspond to any index (e.g., when the multiple is less than 1, and only alternatesWhen a resource block or some other subset of resource blocks is associated with an index).

A "radio frame," "half-frame," and "subframe" may refer to a fixed number of consecutive resource blocks in the time domain, and the definition of these frame structures may vary depending on the communication mode. For example, a type 1 subframe may refer to 2 slots of consecutive resource blocks, and a type 1 radio frame may refer to 10 consecutive subframes (e.g., 20 slots of consecutive resource blocks). The type 1 frame structure may be used in, for example, FDD communication. A type 2 subframe may refer to 2 slots of consecutive resource blocks, a type 2 half frame may refer to 5 consecutive subframes, and a type 2 radio frame may refer to 2 half frames (i.e., 20 slots of consecutive resource blocks). The type 2 frame structure may be used, for example, in TDD communications.

The set S1 and/or the set S2 may be a contiguous set of integer value indices (e.g., a number of contiguous indices between a minimum value M1 and a maximum value M2), or may not be a contiguous set of integer value indices. In some embodiments, assignment logic 206 may assign the indices to S1 and S2 by storing data representing the indices included in S1 and S2 in memory 212, where memory 212 may include any suitable memory device or devices and support circuitry, such as those described below with reference to fig. 6. For example, in embodiments where S1 (and/or S2) is a plurality of consecutive indices (e.g., M1, M1+ 1.., M2-1, M2) between a minimum value M1 and a maximum value M2, assignment logic 206 may store data representing the first and last indices in the consecutive set (e.g., M1 and M2) in memory 212. In some embodiments, S1 may be an available indexA contiguous set of indices { M1, M1+1, M2-1, M2}, and S2 may be a set of indicesIn some such embodiments, the assignment logic 206 may store numbers representing values M1 and M2Accordingly.

In some embodiments, assignment logic 206 may be configured to assign indices to more than two sets (e.g., three, four, or more sets of indices). Each of these index sets may be associated with a different rule, as discussed below with reference to the identification logic 208. Although embodiments using two index sets and associated rules are discussed herein in principle for ease of explanation, embodiments including three or more index sets and associated rules may be readily implemented using the techniques discussed herein. The assignment of indices to sets need not be exclusive; for example, an index may be assigned to both S1 and S2. The assignment of indices to collections need not be comprehensive; for example, a particular index may be assigned neither to S1 nor S2.

In some embodiments, assignment logic 206 may assign indices to more than two sets for a single antenna port to be used for transmitting the mixed reference signal. In some embodiments, assignment logic 206 may assign indices to more than two sets for each of a plurality of antenna ports that may transmit a mixed reference signal. For example, the assignment logic 206 may assign an index such that S1 ═ {0, 1} and S2 ═ 2, 3} for a first antenna port, and may assign an index such that S1 ═ {0, 1, 2} and S2 ═ 2, 3} for a second (different) antenna port. Although generally only a single S1 and a single S2 are referenced herein for ease of illustration, the hybrid reference signal embodiments disclosed herein may include different sets of indices for different antenna ports. In addition, the index sets for different antenna ports may be independently adjusted, as discussed in detail below. In some embodiments, AN102 may be configured to determine how many antenna ports are to be used for transmitting the hybrid reference signal (as discussed below) based on, for example, one or more SNR measurements received or made by receive logic 204. In some embodiments, AN102 may be configured to increase the number of antenna ports used to transmit the hybrid reference signal in low SNR environments.

AN102 may include identification logicAnd (7) editing 208. The identifying logic 208 may be coupled with the assigning logic 206 and may be configured to identify resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule ("R1") for each index in the first set and to identify resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a different second rule ("R2") for each index in the second set. As used herein, a "resource element" may refer to a series of time and frequency resources including one subcarrier of a frequency domain and one symbol (e.g., one OFDM symbol) of a time domain. So, in some embodiments as discussed above, a resource block may include 6 × 12 ═ 72 (extended CP) or 7 × 12 ═ 84 (normal CP) resource elements. A resource element may be referred to herein by a coordinate pair (k, l), where k represents a subcarrier number of the resource element (e.g., having 0 to l)Values in between), l represents a symbol number of the resource element (e.g., having 0 toValue of (d). For convenience of illustration, the size of the resource block is 15 subcarriers in the frequency domainAnd 7 symbols in time domainEmbodiments of (a) will be discussed frequently herein, but resource blocks of other sizes, both in the time domain and in the frequency domain, may also be used.

The recognition logic 208 may perform a resource element recognition process using R1 and R2. In particular, the recognition logic 208 may provide the index as input to R1 or R2 (depending on whether the index is included in S1 or S2, respectively), and may receive as output an indicator of one or more resource elements.

In some embodiments, R1 and R2 may output different numbers of resource elements for a single index. For example, in some embodiments where each index corresponds to a resource block, R1 may identify one resource element per slot of a radio frame and R2 may identify one resource element per subframe of a radio frame.

In a hybrid reference signal in which resource elements are identified by the identification logic 208 through R1 and R2, various symbols may be transmitted in the identified resource elements. In some embodiments, the identifying logic 208 may be configured to identify the symbol for the mixed reference signal from R1 for each index in S1, and to identify the symbol for the mixed reference signal from R2 for each index in S2. In particular, the recognition logic 208 may provide the index as input to R1 or R2 (depending on whether the index is included in S1 or S2, respectively), and may receive as output an indicator of the one or more recognized symbols for transmission in the respective one or more recognized resource elements. The hybrid reference signal may thus include the identified symbols to be transmitted in the identified resource elements.

Because different rules may provide reference signal portions having different densities (e.g., identifying more or fewer resource elements per index), the hybrid reference signal generated using the resource elements identified by the identification logic 208 may have a density that varies over time. In addition, the density of the mixed reference signal may be adjusted by adjusting the distribution of indexes between S1 and S2. Adjusting the density of the mixed reference signal is useful in any of a variety of applications. For example, when a UE (e.g., UE108) is performing time/frequency tracking or synchronization, the accuracy of these processes may be a function of the density of reference signals used to perform the process, with higher densities of reference signals being more accurate. Under conditions where accuracy may be compromised (e.g., low SNR conditions), the density of the mixed reference signal may be increased to compensate.

Additionally, as described above, the sets S1 and S2 may be assigned for different antenna ports and adjusted differently. This enables a hybrid reference signal to be generated that includes a higher density of portions that do not interfere between the multiple antennas. Conventional reference signals such as CRS may not be simply duplicated over multiple antenna ports, as the high density of each CRS is likely to cause interference between multiple antenna ports. However, by adjusting the density of the mixed reference signals across the antenna ports, the desired density can be achieved without interference.

AN102 may include transmission logic 210. The transmission logic 210 may be coupled with the identification logic 208 and may be configured to provide wired and/or wireless signals to other devices (e.g., any of the devices discussed above with reference to fig. 1). In particular, the transmission logic 210 may be configured to provide a hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission in the resource elements identified by the identification logic 208. The hybrid reference signal including the symbol transmitted in the resource element identified via R1 and the symbol transmitted in the resource element identified via R2 may be transmitted using a common transmission mode. As used herein, "transmission mode" may refer to a particular wireless transmission configuration, such as single antenna, transmit diversity, closed-loop spatial multiplexing, and multi-user MIMO.

In some embodiments, the transmission logic 210 may provide the hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission by storing data representing one or more identified resource elements in a queue for subsequent transmission. The queue may reside in memory 212. In some embodiments, the transmission logic 210 may provide the hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission by transmitting the hybrid reference signal to the UE or other device via the antenna 202. Antenna 202 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, such as dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, and/or other types of antennas suitable for reception and/or transmission of radio frequency ("RF") or other wireless communication signals. Although fig. 2 depicts a single antenna, AN102 may include additional antennas to receive and/or transmit wireless signals.

In some embodiments, AN102 may transmit a plurality of different mixed reference signals from a plurality of different antennas. For example, the assignment logic 206 may be configured to assign indices to the third set ("S3") and the fourth set ("S4"), and the identification logic 208 may be further configured to identify resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to R1 for each index in S3 and according to R2 for each index in S4. Set S3 may be different from set S1. The transmission logic 210 may be configured to provide a hybrid reference signal via a first antenna (using the resource elements identified based on S1 and S2), and to provide a second hybrid reference signal via a second antenna different from the first antenna (using the resource elements identified based on S3 and S4).

The transmission logic 210 may be configured to further provide any suitable data other than the mixed reference signal to other devices in the wireless communication network 100. In some embodiments, the transmission logic 210 may be configured to provide a cell identifier (e.g., a physical layer cell identity) to one or more UEs served by a cell associated with the AN102 (e.g., the UE108 in the cell 114). The transmission logic 210 may also be configured to provide information about the mixed reference signal to the UE 108. For example, in some embodiments, the transmission logic 210 may be configured to provide the UE108 with an indicator of S1 and S2 (the set of indices identified by the assignment logic 206) for transmission. The indicator may be, for example, the minimum and maximum of the indices in each set of S1 and S2, or any other suitable indicator that conveys the content of S1 and S2 to the UE 108. In some embodiments, the transmission logic 210 may be configured to provide the UE108 with indicators of R1 and R2 (rules used by the recognition logic 208 to identify resource elements) for transmission. The indicator may include information about any parameters required to specify R1 and/or R2. An example of a rule that may include multiple parameters is described below with reference to fig. 3.

Fig. 3 illustrates AN example hybrid reference signal 300 that can be generated by AN102 in accordance with various embodiments. The different shading indicates reference symbols transmitted on different antenna ports (as indicated in fig. 3 and discussed below). The mixed reference signal 300 illustrates a number of mixed reference signal features discussed herein, but should not be considered limiting. In the example mixed reference signal 300, two different sets of indices and corresponding rules are used to identify resource elements for the mixed reference signal 300; however, as described above, three or more rules may be used in accordance with the techniques disclosed herein. In fig. 3, only identified resource elements for the hybrid reference signal 300 are shown; and do not show the symbols transmitted in the identified resource elements (although symbol recognition techniques are discussed below).

In this example, the indexes in S1 and S2 may be from the setIs assigned. For ease of explanation, the following examples assumeS1 ═ {0}, and S2 ═ 2, 3 }. In some embodiments, not all indexes need to be included in S1 or S2; in the example of FIG. 3, index 1 is not assigned to either S1 or S2. For ease of illustration, these indices and assignments are made simply; in some embodiments, the downlink bandwidthMore than 50 resource blocks may be included.

In this example, R1 may identify resource elements (and symbols, in some embodiments) for a hybrid reference signal that may be transmitted on one, two, four, eight, or other number of antenna ports. For each index m, R1 may identify one or more resource elements (k, l) according to the following equation:

(k，l)＝(k’+12m+，l’+β)(1)

where references k ', l', and β can be determined by recognition logic 208 in any of a variety of ways. In some embodiments, k' may be a function of the selected reference signal configuration (which may depend on the frame structure used, and the number of antenna ports used). The reference signal configuration may be a predetermined configuration corresponding to a periodicity of the reference signal symbols and a subframe offset of the reference signal symbols. The reference signal configuration and/or the number of antenna ports may be determined by the AN102 or may be determined by other components and wirelessly communicated to the AN102 (e.g., via the receive logic 204). In some embodiments, k' may be determined as described below in tables 1 and 2 for normal and extended CP, respectively. In some embodiments, the parameters may be determined based on whether normal or extended CP is used, and/or which antenna port is used to transmit a portion of the hybrid reference signal. In some embodiments, may be selected as described in table 3 below.

In some embodiments, l 'may be a function of the selected reference signal configuration (which may depend on the frame structure used, and the number of antenna ports used, as discussed above with reference to k'). In some embodiments, l' may be determined as described below with reference to table 1. In some embodiments, β may be a function of the selected reference signal configuration, and/or whether normal or extended CP is used. In some embodiments, β may be selected as described below in table 4.

In some embodiments, the hybrid reference signal may be only in a specific time slot n included in a radio frame_sIs transmitted in the resource element of (1). In some embodiments, the resource elements used in the mixed reference signal may vary between different time slots. For example, in some embodiments, the hybrid reference signal may be transmitted in even-numbered slots instead of odd-numbered slots. These time slots n_sCan be determined by the AN102, or can be determined by other components and wirelessly communicated to the AN102 (e.g., via the receiving logic 204). In some embodiments, time slot n in which a hybrid reference signal may be transmitted_sDescribed in table 1 below.

Table 1 for determining k ', l', and n in Normal CP_sExample embodiments of

Table 2 is used to determine k ', l', and n in extended CP_sExample embodiments of

p，CP	δ
		p ε {15, 16}, normal CP	0
p ε {17, 18}, normal CP	-6
		p ε {19, 20}, normal CP	-1
p ε {21, 22}, normal CP	7
		p ε {15, 16}, extended CP	0
p ε {17, 18}, extended CP	-3
		p ε {19, 20}, anExhibition CP	-6
p ε {21, 22}, extended CP	-9

TABLE 3 example embodiment for determination

Reference signal configuration, CP	β
		0-19, Normal CP	0，1
20-31, Normal CP	0，2
		0-27, extended CP	0，1

Table 4 example embodiments for determining beta

The first rule R1 may also specify the symbols to be transmitted in the identified resource elements (k, l). In some embodiments, the identifying logic 208 may identify the symbol to be transmitted based on the antenna port on which the portion of the hybrid reference signal is to be transmitted, the number of slots in the radio frame, the symbol number 1 in the slot, whether normal or extended CP is used, and/or AN identifier of the wireless communication cell served by the AN 102. For example, the antenna ports may be selected from the antenna port sets 15, 16,.., 22}, R1 may identify a symbol to be transmitted in the identified resource element (k, l) on antenna port p according to the following equation

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

l″＝0，1，(4)

where c () is the output of a pseudo-random number sequence generator defined according to the following equation

c(n)＝(x₁(n+N_C)+x₂(n+N_C))mod2

x₁(n+31)＝(x₁(n+3)+x₁(n))mod2，(7)

x₂(n+31)＝(x₂(n+3)+x₂(n+2)+x₂(n+1)+x₂(n))mod2

Nc 1600, the first m-sequence is utilized with x₁(0)＝1、x₁The (n) ═ 0(n ═ 1, 2.., 30) initialization, and the initialization of the second m-sequence is expressed as follows:

wherein:

at the beginning of each symbol there is a symbol,is the physical layer cell identity (unless the alternative value is configured by a higher layer)And is and

the second rule R2 may identify resource elements (and symbols, in some embodiments) for a hybrid reference signal that may be transmitted on one, two, three, four, or other number of antenna ports. For each index m, R2 may identify one or more resource elements (k, l) according to the following equation

Wherein m is_m2m, 2m +1, and the parameter λ may be determined by the identification logic 208 by any of a number of methods. In some embodiments, the parameter λ may depend on the number of slots in a radio frame, the symbol number 1 in a slot, AN antenna port on which a portion of the hybrid reference signal is to be transmitted, and/or AN identifier of a wireless communication cell served by the AN 102. In some embodiments, λ may be determined according to the following equation:

λ＝(v+v_shift)mod6(13)

wherein v is based on the number of slots in the radio frame and the symbol number 1 in the slot, and v_shiftBased on the cell identifier. For example, v may be determined according to the following equation:

wherein v is_shiftCan be determined according to the following equation:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the physical layer cell identity. In some embodiments, the determination of 1 may or may not be based on antenna port p, and any other suitable determination method may be used.

The second rule R2 may also specify the symbols to be transmitted in the identified resource elements (k, l). In some embodiments, the identification logic 208 may identify the symbol to be transmitted based on the antenna port on which the portion of the hybrid reference signal is to be transmitted, the number of slots in the radio frame, the symbol number 1 in the slot, whether normal CP or extended CP is used, and/or AN102 serving wireless communication cell identifier. For example, in some embodiments, R2 may identify the p-th antenna port to be on according to the following equationSymbols transmitted in the identified resource elements (k, l)

Wherein:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the maximum downlink bandwidth configuration (denoted asMultiple times) and c (-) is the output of a pseudo-random number sequence generator defined according to equation (7) above and initialized at the beginning of each symbol with the following equation:

in particular, the hybrid reference signal 300 shown in fig. 3 depicts a method in which the number of symbols in a slot is depictedExample equal to 7. When the recognition logic 208 applies R1, one antenna port (antenna port 15) is used to transmit the reference symbols, the reference signal is configured to "0", and the normal CP is used. When R2 is applied in the embodiment of fig. 3, two antenna ports are used to transmit reference symbols (antenna ports 0 and 2), and v_shiftEqual to 0. With R1 and R2 as described above, resource elements that may transmit reference symbols as part of the hybrid reference signal 300 are listed in table 5 below and shown in fig. 3.

Table 5 example resource elements for use in the hybrid reference signal of fig. 3

In some embodiments, the first rule and the second rule used by the identification logic 208 may be rules that have been included in a wireless communication standard (e.g., 3gpp lte), but may be used in different transmission modes or isolated. In these embodiments, if the AN102 and the UE108 have been previously configured to operate in accordance with a wireless communication standard, adjusting the AN102 and the UE108 to operate in accordance with the mixed reference signal using two rules may not require excessive modification and may allow reuse of existing components (e.g., logic components configured to provide reference signals based on the first rule or the second rule). To form a hybrid reference signal, for example, existing rules that result in a higher density of reference signal portions may be used in noisy conditions, and existing rules that result in a lower density of reference signal portions may be used in non-noisy conditions. In addition, data regarding the performance characteristics of existing rules may be used to optimize the process of incorporating existing rules into the hybrid reference signal generation process (e.g., by assigning indices to S1 or S2 to adjust the relative usage of R1 and R2 in response to information regarding noise and other environmental conditions). This may advantageously speed up the adoption and optimization of the hybrid reference signals disclosed herein.

Returning to fig. 2, AN102 may also include receive logic 204. Receive logic 204 may be coupled with antenna 202 and may be configured to receive wired and/or wireless signals from other devices, such as any of the devices discussed above with reference to fig. 1. For example, the reception logic 204 may be configured to receive a wireless signal from a UE (e.g., UE 110). The data received by the receive logic 204 may be temporarily or permanently stored in the memory 212. In some embodiments, the reception logic 204 may be configured to receive data representative of one or more communication conditions that may affect the ability of the AN102 to transmit and/or receive signals from a UE (e.g., the UE 108). Examples of wireless communication conditions may include noise from cells served by other ANs (e.g., AN104) or noise originating from other sources, a change in AN configuration (e.g., transitioning to coordinated multipoint mode as discussed below), user velocity (e.g., via doppler effect), frequency selection, or any other condition. In some embodiments, the assignment logic 206 may be coupled with the reception logic 204 and may be configured to adjust the sets S1 and S2 using the wireless communication condition data. In particular, the assignment logic 206 may be configured to change the distribution of indices between S1 and S2, thereby changing the timing at which R1 and R2 are applied by the recognition logic 208, and thus the composition of the mixed reference signal provided by the transmission logic 210. For example, upon providing the first hybrid reference signal (in the resource elements identified based on S1 and S2), the assignment logic 206 may be configured to assign indices to third and fourth sets (S3 and S4, respectively) that are different from S1 and S2, respectively. The identifying logic 208 may be configured to identify resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to R1 for each index in S3 and according to R2 for each index in S4. The transmission module 210 may be configured to provide the second mixed reference signal for wireless transmission, thereby changing a composition of the mixed reference signal between the first mixed reference signal and the second mixed reference signal. In some embodiments, the AN102 may be configured to change the composition of the mixed reference signal in response to determining that the noise measurement violates a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the AN102 may be configured to change the composition of the mixed reference signal in response to determining that the AN102 is to operate in a coordinated multipoint mode.

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 400 for providing a mixed reference signal, in accordance with some embodiments. It will be appreciated that although the operations of the method 400 (and other methods described herein) are arranged and shown separately in a particular order, in various embodiments one or more of the operations may be repeated, omitted, or performed out of order. For illustrative purposes, the operations of the method 400 may be described as being performed by the AN102 (the AN102 communicating with the UE108), but the method 400 may be performed by any suitably configured device (e.g., a programmed processing device, AN ASIC, or other wireless computing device). The various operations illustrated in fig. 4 may or may not be performed by AN configured to provide a mixed reference signal.

At operation 402, the assignment logic 206 may determine the sizes of S1 and S2. In some embodiments, the assignment logic 206 may determine the sizes of S1 and S2 by accessing default size values stored in the memory 212, or by receiving data representing the sizes of S1 and S2 from another device (e.g., the core network 106). The default size value may specify, for example, the percentage of resource elements for the mixed reference signal that should be identified according to R1 and R2 to the total number of resource blocks in the downlink bandwidth, and the assignment logic 206 may determine the sizes of S1 and S2 accordingly. For example, if 40% of the downlink bandwidth corresponds to R1, 50% of the downlink bandwidth corresponds to R2, and the downlink bandwidthEqual to 10 resource blocks, the assignment logic may determine that the size of S1 should be 4 and the size of S2 should be 5. In some embodiments, the assignment logic 206 may determine the sizes of S1 and S2 based on the wireless communication condition data received by the reception logic 204 as discussed above. For example, in some embodiments, R1 may output more resource elements for each input index's reference signal symbol than R2 (so that a mixed reference signal portion with a higher density than R2 may be generated).

At operation 404, the assignment logic 206 may determine which indexes are to be assigned to S1 and which indexes are to be assigned to S2. In some embodiments, S1 may be a set of consecutive indices (e.g., M1, M1+ 1.., M2-1, M2). In some embodiments, S2 may be a set of consecutive indices. In some embodiments, S1 and/or S2 may not be a set of consecutive indices, but may instead have gaps or may be interleaved.

At operation 406, the identification logic 208 may initialize an index counter m by setting m to 0 or another suitable initial value. The value of index counter m may be stored in memory 212.

At operation 408, the identification logic 208 may determine whether the index counter m is within S1. If the index counter m is within S1, the identification logic 208 may provide the index m as an input to the first rule R1 at operation 410 and may identify one or more resource elements output from R1 for the mixed reference signal. As discussed above, the identification logic 208 may be configured to identify the symbol for the mixed reference signal according to R1 for the resource element identified at operation 410. In some embodiments, the identification of resource elements and the identification of symbols for resource elements (under R1 or R2) may be performed in parallel or separately at different times.

If the recognition logic 208 determines at operation 408 that the index counter m is not within S1, the recognition logic 208 may determine at operation 412 whether the index counter m is within S2. In some embodiments, all possible indices are in the first set S1 or the second set S2. Therefore, in these embodiments, operation 412 need not be performed; the recognition logic 208 may determine that index counter m is within S2 by determining that index counter m is not within S1.

If the recognition logic 208 determines at operation 412 that the index counter m is not within S2, the recognition logic 208 may increment the value of the index counter m at operation 420. The recognition logic 208 may then determine at operation 410 discussed above whether the index counter m (now incremented) is in S1.

If the recognition logic 208 determines that the index counter m is in S2 at operation 412, the recognition logic 208 may provide the index m as an input to the first rule R2 at operation 414 and may recognize one or more resource elements output from R2 for the mixed reference signal. As described above, the identifying logic 208 may be configured to identify symbols for the mixed reference signal from R2 for the identified resource element at operation 414.

At operation 416, the transmission logic 210 may provide the hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission in the resource element identified at operation 410 or operation 414. In some embodiments, the transmission module 210 may provide the symbols identified at operation 410 or operation 414 for transmission in the identified resource elements. Each symbol to be transmitted in each identified resource element for the mixed reference signal may be provided for transmission using the common transmission mode at operation 416, regardless of whether R1 or R2 is used to identify the resource element or symbol.

At operation 418, the identification logic 208 may determine whether the index counter m has reached its maximum value mMAX. In some embodiments of the present invention, the,if index counter m has not reached its maximum value, then recognition logic 208 may increment the value of index counter m at operation 420 (as discussed above) and then return to operation 408.

If the index counter m has reached its maximum value, the AN102 (e.g., the receive logic 204) may determine whether a wireless communication condition event has occurred at operation 422. As used herein, a "wireless communication condition event" can refer to, for example, the receipt at the AN102 of data representing a wireless communication condition related to the AN102, or the occurrence of a particular set of conditions related to the AN 102. In some embodiments, the AN102 can determine that a wireless communication condition event has occurred when the noise measurement violates a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the AN102 may determine that a wireless communication condition event has occurred when the receiving logic 204 receives a signal or command (e.g., from the core network 106) that the AN102 is to operate in a coordinated multipoint ("CoMP") mode in which the AN102 is to coordinate with one or more additional ANs (e.g., the AN104) to serve a single UE (e.g., the UE 108). Determining that the AN102 is to operate in CoMP mode may indicate that the AN102 may need to estimate more than one channel and therefore may want to adjust the scheduling of symbols in the mixed reference signal to avoid collision with reference signals on the channel. In some embodiments, the determination of whether a wireless communication condition event has occurred may be performed in parallel with other operations of method 400 (e.g., via an interrupt monitoring routine), and method 400 may be interrupted or suspended when a wireless communication condition event has occurred to appropriately handle the event and respond.

If the AN102 determines at operation 422 that a wireless communication condition event has occurred, the assignment logic 206 may return to operation 402 and may determine the sizes of S1 and S2 at operation 402 (as described above). In some embodiments, the assignment logic 206 may change the size of S1 and/or S2 in response to a wireless communication condition event as described above. In some embodiments, the assignment logic 206 may change the assignment of indices to S1 and/or S2 at operation 404 in response to the wireless communication condition event.

If AN102 determines at operation 422 that no wireless communication condition event has occurred, the identification logic 208 may reinitialize the index counter m at operation 406 and may proceed as described above.

In some embodiments, AN102 may be configured to transmit a mixed reference signal, and AN102 or another device may be configured to transmit additional reference signals. For example, in some embodiments, the hybrid reference signal of example 3 may be transmitted with the DMRS. In some such embodiments, the antenna ports transmitting the mixed reference signals and DMRS may be quasi co-located, while in other such embodiments, the antenna ports are not quasi co-located. Two antenna ports may be quasi co-located if the large scale nature of the channel conveying symbols for one antenna port can be inferred from the channel conveying symbols on the other antenna port. The large scale characteristics may include, for example, delay spread, doppler shift, average gain, and/or average delay. For example, AN102 may include a first antenna port that transmits a hybrid reference signal (for, e.g., time/frequency tracking or synchronization), and another transmission point ("TP"), such as AN RRH, pico eNB, or femto eNB, may include a second antenna port that transmits a DMRS. The TP may be geographically separated from the AN102 (e.g., 50 to 100 meters away). In embodiments where the first antenna port and the second antenna port are not quasi co-located, a UE (e.g., UE108) using reference signals provided by the first and second antenna ports may need to perform additional frequency tracking to achieve sufficient performance. This additional frequency tracking is particularly useful in higher order modulation scenarios such as 64 quadrature amplitude modulation ("64 QAM") in downlink CoMP (e.g., when a CoMP macrocell covers a heterogeneous network that includes low power RRHs, the TPs created by the RRHs have the same cell identifier as the macrocell).

In some embodiments, the transmission logic 210 may be configured to provide an indicator that an antenna port transmitting the DMRS according to the 3gpp lte protocol is not quasi co-located with an antenna port transmitting the hybrid reference signal. The indicator is provided to the UE in transmission mode 10 in a downlink control information ("DCI") message. For example, the indicator may be provided using DCI format 2D. DCI format 2D may be used in transmission mode 10 ("TM 10") in 3gpp lte. TM10 may be configured by higher layers and may be used in CoMP operations. When the UE108 is configured with TM10, the UE108 may receive DCI format 1A or DCI format 2D messages in the UE search space. When DCI format 1A is a common format that can be used for multiple transmission modes (e.g., especially in fallback operation), DCI format 2D can only be used for TM 10. In DCI format 2D, the 3gpp lte specification may specify fields named "PDSCHRE mapping and quasi co-location indicator". In some embodiments, an indicator that an antenna port transmitting a DMRS according to a 3gpp lte protocol is quasi co-located or not co-located with an antenna port transmitting a hybrid reference signal may be transmitted in DCI format 2D. In some embodiments, the indicator may be provided to the UE using a physical downlink shared channel ("PDSCH") Resource Element (RE) -mapping and a quasi-co-location indicator information bit field in the DCI message. The quasi-co-location indicator may indicate which CRS antenna ports (antenna ports that may be quasi co-located with DMRS antenna ports) may be used for time and/or frequency tracking.

In some embodiments, the UE108 may be configured to receive and process the mixed reference signal in accordance with various embodiments. Referring now to fig. 5, example components of the UE108 are shown. The components of UE108, described in detail below, may be included in any one or more UEs included in a wireless communication network (e.g., UEs 110 and 112 of wireless communication environment 100). In some embodiments, the UE108 may be a smartphone, tablet, wearable computing device, or other wireless communication device.

The UE108 may include receiving logic 510. Receive logic 510 may be configured to receive wired and/or wireless signals from other devices, such as any of the devices discussed above with reference to fig. 1. The data received by the receive logic 510 may be temporarily or permanently stored in the memory 512, where the memory 512 may take the form of any of the memory devices discussed herein. In particular, the reception logic 510 may be configured to wirelessly receive a hybrid reference signal transmitted from the AN102 in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein. The hybrid reference signals discussed above, including the symbols transmitted in the resource elements identified via R1, and the symbols transmitted in the resource elements identified via R2, may be transmitted to the UE108 using a common transmission mode. Receive logic 510 may be coupled to antenna 502, and antenna 502 may take the form of any of the antennas described herein (e.g., the antenna described with reference to antenna 202 of fig. 2).

The UE108 may include assignment logic 508 and identification logic 514. In some embodiments, the assignment logic 508 and the identification logic 514 of the UE108 may perform similar functions as the assignment logic 206 and the identification logic 208 of the AN 102. In particular, the assignment logic 508 may be configured to assign indices to the first set and the second set, and the identification logic 514 may be configured to identify resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set and according to a second rule for each index in the second set. The assignment logic 508 and the identification logic 514 may perform their functions in response to signals from the AN102 indicating index assignment and identification rules to be applied. These index assignments and identification rules are the same as those used by AN 102.

The UE108 may include mixed reference signal processing logic 506. The mixed reference signal processing logic 506 may be coupled to the receive logic 510 and may be configured to process the mixed reference signal received by the receive logic 510. For example, as discussed above, the hybrid reference signal processing logic 506 may use the hybrid reference signal for, for example, channel estimation for demodulation, transmission of channel state information, cell selection decisions, and/or handover decisions.

The UE108 may also include transmission logic 504. Transmit logic 504 may be coupled with antenna 502 and may be configured to provide wired and/or wireless signals to other devices, such as any of the devices discussed above with reference to fig. 1. For example, the transmission logic 504 may be configured to provide a wireless signal to AN (e.g., AN 102). In some embodiments, the transmission logic 504 may be configured to provide data representative of one or more wireless communication conditions that may affect the ability of AN (e.g., AN102) to transmit and/or receive signals from the UE 108. A number of examples of wireless communication conditions (e.g., SNR threshold conditions) are discussed above.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example computing device 600 that may be suitable for use in implementing various disclosed embodiments. For example, the computing device 600 may act as the AN102, the UE108, or any other suitable device discussed herein. Computing device 600 may include a number of components including one or more processors 604, and at least one communication chip 606. In various embodiments, processor 604 may comprise a processor core. In various embodiments, at least one communication chip 606 may be physically and electrically coupled to the processor 604. In further embodiments, the communication chip 606 may be part of the processor 604. In various embodiments, computing device 600 may include PCB 602. For these embodiments, processor 604 and communication chip 606 may be disposed thereon. In an alternative embodiment, the various components may be coupled without the use of the PCB 602.

Depending on its application (e.g., reference signal application), the computing device 600 may include other components that may or may not be physically and electrically coupled to the PCB 602. These other components include, but are not limited to, volatile memory (e.g., dynamic random access memory 608 (also referred to as "DRAM")), non-volatile memory (e.g., read only memory 610 (also referred to as "ROM"), one or more hard disk drives, one or more solid state drives, one or more compact disk drives, and/or one or more digital versatile disk drives), flash memory 612, input/output controller 614, digital signal processor(s) (not shown), crypto processor(s) (not shown), graphics processor 616, one or more antennas 618, touch screen display 620, touch screen controller 622, other displays (such as liquid crystal displays, cathode ray tube displays, and electronic ink displays (not shown)), battery 624, audio codec (not shown), video codec (not shown), Global positioning system ("GPS") device 628, compass 630, accelerometer (not shown), gyroscope (not shown), speaker 632, camera 634, and mass storage devices (e.g., hard drives, solid state drives, compact discs ("CDs"), digital versatile discs ("DVDs") (not shown), and any other desired sensors (not shown), among others. In various embodiments, processor 604 may be integrated on the same die with other components to form a system on a chip ("SoC"). Any of the components (e.g., sensors) included in the computing device 600 can be used in various reference signal applications (e.g., by being included in the receive logic 204 of the AN102 or in the transmit logic 504 of the UE 108).

In various embodiments, the volatile memory (e.g., DRAM608), non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM610), flash memory 612, and mass storage devices may include programming instructions that, in response to execution by the one or more processors 604, are configured to cause the computing device 600 to implement all or selected aspects of the processes described herein. For example, one or more memory components, such as volatile memory (e.g., DRAM608), non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM610), flash memory 612, and mass storage devices, may include temporary and/or permanent copies of instructions that, when executed, cause computing device 600 to operate control module 636 configured to implement all or selected aspects of the processes described herein. Memory accessible to computing device 600 may include one or more memory resources that are a physical part of the device on which computing device 600 is installed and/or one or more memory resources that are accessible to, but not necessarily a part of, computing device 600. For example, the memory resources may be accessed by the computing device 600 over a network via the communication chip 606. Any one or more of these memory devices can be included in the memory 212 of the AN102 or the memory 512 of the UE 108.

The communication chip 606 may enable wired and/or wireless communication for the transfer of data to and from the computing device 600. The term "wireless" and its derivatives may be used to describe circuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communications channels, etc., that may communicate data by using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. The term does not imply that the associated devices do not include any wires (although in some embodiments they do not). Many of the embodiments described herein may be used for WiFi and 3GPP/LTE communication systems as described above. However, the communication chip 606 may implement any one of a number of wireless standards or protocols, including, but not limited to, IEEE702.20, general packet radio service ("GPRS"), evolution data optimized ("Ev-DO"), evolved high speed packet access ("HSPA +"), advanced high speed downlink packet access ("HSDPA +"), evolved high speed uplink packet access ("HSUPA +"), global system for mobile communications ("GSM"), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution ("EDGE"), code division multiple access ("CDMA"), time division multiple access ("TDMA"), and enhanced digital cordless communications ("DECT"), bluetooth, and derivatives thereof, and any other wireless protocol designated as 3G, 4G, 5G, and so forth. The computing device 600 may include a plurality of communication chips 606. For example, the first communication chip 606 may be dedicated for short-range wireless communications such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and the second communication chip 606 may be dedicated for long-range wireless communications such as GPS, EDGE, GPRS, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, Ev-DO, and so on.

As described above with reference to the UE108, in various embodiments, the computing device 600 may be a laptop, a netbook, a notebook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, a computing tablet, a personal digital assistant, an ultra mobile PC, a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a server, a printer, a scanner, a monitor, a set-top box, an entertainment control unit (e.g., a game console), a digital camera, a portable music player, or a digital video recorder. In further implementations, the computing device 600 may be any other electronic device that processes data.

The following paragraphs describe examples of various embodiments. Example 1 is an apparatus that provides a hybrid reference signal for wireless communication, comprising: assigning logic that assigns indices to the first set and the second set; identifying logic that identifies resource elements for a hybrid reference signal according to a first rule for each index in a first set and according to a second rule for each index in a second set, the second rule being different from the first rule; and transmission logic to provide a hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements.

Example 2 may include the subject matter of example 1 and may further specify that the first rule identifies one resource element per slot of the radio frame and the second rule identifies one resource element per subframe of the radio frame.

Example 3 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1 and 2 and may further specify that the second set of indices includes a plurality of consecutive indices.

Example 4 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-3 and may further specify: providing a hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements comprises: providing a hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements via a first antenna; the assignment logic further assigns an index to the third set and the fourth set; the identifying logic is further to identify resource elements for a second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in a third set and according to a second rule for each index in a fourth set; and the transmission logic further provides the second hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using the common transmission mode in the identified resource elements via a second antenna different from the first antenna.

Example 5 may include the subject matter of example 4 and may further specify that the index of the third set is different from the index of the first set.

Example 6 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-5 and may further specify that, after the hybrid reference signal is provided for wireless transmission using the common transmission mode in the identified resource elements, the assignment logic is further to assign an index to a third set and a fourth set, the third set being different from the first set, the fourth set being different from the second set; the identifying logic is further to identify resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set and according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set; and the transmission logic further provides the second hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using the common transmission mode in the identified resource elements.

Example 7 may include the subject matter of example 6 and may further specify that the assignment logic is to assign the index to the third set and the fourth set in response to determining that the noise measurement violates a predetermined threshold.

Example 8 may include the subject matter of any of examples 6-7 and may further specify that the assignment logic is to assign the index to the third set and the fourth set in response to determining that the apparatus is to operate in coordinated multipoint mode.

Example 9 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-8 and may further specify that the transmission logic is further to provide an indicator of the index of the first set and the index of the second set for transmission to the user device.

Example 10 may include the subject matter of any of examples 1-9 and may further specify that the transmission logic is further to provide an indicator that an antenna port transmitting the demodulation reference signal according to the third generation partnership project long term evolution protocol is not quasi co-located with an antenna port transmitting the mixed reference signal.

Example 11 is a method of providing a hybrid reference signal for wireless communication, comprising: assigning, by the computing device, the index to the first set and the second set; identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set; and identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a second rule for each index in the second set, wherein the second rule is different from the first rule, and a number of resource elements identified for each index according to the second rule is different from a number of resource elements identified for each index according to the first rule.

Example 12 may include the subject matter of example 11 and may further specify that the first rule identifies one resource element per slot of the radio frame and the second rule identifies one resource element per subframe of the radio frame.

Example 13 may include the subject matter of any of examples 11-12 and may further specify that the second set of indices includes a plurality of consecutive indices.

Example 14 may include the subject matter of any of examples 11-13 and may further specify that the mixed reference signal is to be provided via a first antenna, the method further comprising: assigning, by the computing device, the index to the third set and the fourth set; identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the third set; and identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to a second rule for each index in the fourth set; wherein the second hybrid reference signal is to be provided via a second antenna different from the first antenna.

Example 15 may include the subject matter of example 14 and may further specify that the index of the third set is different from the index of the first set.

Example 16 may include the subject matter of any one of examples 11-15 and further comprising: after identifying resource elements for the mixed reference signal for the indices in the first set and the second set, assigning, by the computing device, the indices to a third set and a fourth set, the third set being different from the first set and the fourth set being different from the second set; identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the third set; and identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to a second rule for each index in the fourth set, the second rule being different from the first rule.

Example 17 may include the subject matter of example 16 and may further specify that the third set of indices and the fourth set of indices are identified by the computing device in response to determining that the noise measurement violates a predetermined threshold.

Example 18 may include the subject matter of any of examples 16-17 and may further specify that the third set of indices and the fourth set of indices are identified by the computing device in response to determining that the computing device is to operate in a coordinated multipoint mode.

Example 19 may include the subject matter of any one of examples 11-18, further comprising: an indicator of the index of the first set and the index of the second set is provided by the computing device for transmission to the user device.

Example 20 may include the subject matter of any one of examples 11-19, further comprising: providing, by a computing device, an indicator that an antenna port transmitting a demodulation reference signal according to a third generation partnership project long term evolution protocol is not quasi co-located with an antenna port transmitting a hybrid reference signal.

Example 21 is an apparatus to receive a hybrid reference signal, comprising: assigning logic that assigns indices to the first set and the second set; identifying logic that identifies resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set and according to a second rule for each index in the second set, the second rule being different from the first rule; and receiving logic that receives the hybrid reference signal in the identified resource element in the common transmission mode.

Example 22 may include the subject matter of example 21 and may further specify that the first rule identifies one resource element per slot of a radio frame and the second rule identifies one resource element per subframe of the radio frame.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of examples 21-22 and may further specify: after the hybrid reference signal is received using the common transmission mode in the identified resource elements, the assignment logic further assigns an index to a third set and a fourth set, the third set being different from the first set, the fourth set being different from the second set; the identifying logic is further to identify resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set and according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set; and the receiving logic is further to receive a second hybrid reference signal using the common transmission mode in the identified resource element.

Example 24 is one or more computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed by one or more processing devices of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of examples 11-20.

Example 25 is an apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of examples 11-20.

The description of the illustrated embodiments, including what is described in the abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the disclosure are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the disclosure, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. These modifications are made to the present disclosure in light of the above detailed description.

Claims (25)

1. An apparatus that provides a hybrid reference signal for wireless communication, comprising:

assigning logic that assigns indices to the first set and the second set;

identifying logic that identifies resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set and according to a second rule for each index in the second set, the second rule being different from the first rule; and

transmission logic that provides the hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first rule identifies one resource element per slot of a radio frame and the second rule identifies one resource element per subframe of a radio frame.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second set of indices comprises a plurality of consecutive indices.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, wherein:

providing the hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements comprises: providing the hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements via a first antenna;

the assignment logic further assigns an index to the third set and the fourth set;

the identifying logic is further to identify resource elements for a second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set and according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set; and is

The transmission logic further provides the second hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements via a second antenna different from the first antenna.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the index of the third set is different from the index of the first set.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, wherein:

after the hybrid reference signal is provided for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements, the assignment logic further assigns an index to a third set and a fourth set, the third set being different from the first set, the fourth set being different from the second set;

the identifying logic is further to identify resource elements for a second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set and according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set; and is

The transmission logic further provides the second hybrid reference signal for wireless transmission using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the assignment logic is to assign indices to the third set and the fourth set in response to determining that a noise measurement violates a predetermined threshold.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the assignment logic is to assign indices to the third set and the fourth set in response to determining that the apparatus is to operate in a coordinated multipoint mode.

9. The apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the transmission logic is further to provide an indicator of the first set of indices and the second set of indices for transmission to a user equipment.

10. The apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the transmission logic is further to provide an indicator that an antenna port transmitting demodulation reference signals according to a third generation partnership project long term evolution protocol is not quasi co-located with an antenna port transmitting the hybrid reference signal.

11. A method of providing a hybrid reference signal for wireless communication, comprising:

assigning, by the computing device, the index to the first set and the second set;

identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set; and

identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a second rule for each index in the second set, wherein the second rule is different from the first rule and a number of resource elements identified for each index according to the second rule is different from a number of resource elements identified for each index according to the first rule.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first rule identifies one resource element per slot of a radio frame and the second rule identifies one resource element per subframe of a radio frame.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the second set of indices comprises a plurality of consecutive indices.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the mixed reference signal is to be provided via a first antenna, the method further comprising:

assigning, by the computing device, indexes to the third set and the fourth set;

identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for a second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set; and

identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set;

wherein the second hybrid reference signal is to be provided via a second antenna different from the first antenna.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the index of the third set is different from the index of the first set.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

assigning, by the computing device, indices to a third set and a fourth set after resource elements for the mixed reference signal are identified for indices in the first set and the second set, the third set being different from the first set and the fourth set being different from the second set;

identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for a second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set; and

identifying, by the computing device, resource elements for the second mixed reference signal according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set, the second rule being different from the first rule.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the third set of indices and the fourth set of indices are identified by the computing device in response to determining that a noise measurement violates a predetermined threshold.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the third set of indices and the fourth set of indices are identified by the computing device in response to determining that the computing device is to operate in a coordinated multipoint mode.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

providing, by the computing device, an indicator of the index of the first set and the index of the second set for transmission to a user device.

20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

providing, by the computing device, an indicator that an antenna port transmitting a demodulation reference signal according to a third generation partnership project long term evolution protocol is not quasi co-located with an antenna port transmitting the hybrid reference signal.

21. An apparatus for receiving a hybrid reference signal, comprising:

assigning logic that assigns indices to the first set and the second set;

identifying logic that identifies resource elements for the mixed reference signal according to a first rule for each index in the first set and according to a second rule for each index in the second set, the second rule being different from the first rule; and

receiving logic that receives the hybrid reference signal in the identified resource elements in a common transmission mode.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first rule identifies one resource element per slot of a radio frame and the second rule identifies one resource element per subframe of a radio frame.

23. The apparatus of any one of claims 21-22, wherein:

after the hybrid reference signal is received using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements, the assignment logic further assigns indices to a third set and a fourth set, the third set being different from the first set, the fourth set being different from the second set;

the identifying logic is further to identify resource elements for a second mixed reference signal according to the first rule for each index in the third set and according to the second rule for each index in the fourth set; and is

The receiving logic is further to receive the second mixed reference signal using a common transmission mode in the identified resource elements.

24. One or more computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed by one or more processing devices of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 11-20.

25. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 11-20.