HK1215461B - Modular building system - Google Patents

Description

Modular building systems

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an industrialized building system with a wood frame for building construction.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a building system whose properties allow stacking over many floors without the application of a supporting structure.

Background Art

Wood building systems are known to the public and there are essentially three of them and each has advantages and disadvantages.

Thus, assemblies of walls made of glued solid wood are known, wherein a continuous wood panel is reconstructed in cross-layers from an assembly of small-section wood. Depending on specific assembly criteria, the panels thus obtained are used to fill or serve as load-bearing structures.

Post-and-beam structures are also known, consisting of large-section wooden structures assembled in floors, the dimensions of which for vertical (posts) and horizontal members (beams) and their assembly connections take over all the necessary efforts to construct the building, the applied slabs and the wall panels in which the complete building is enclosed, and can ultimately provide support functions for the load-bearing post-and-beam structure.

Finally, wood-frame construction is also known, i.e., a siding consisting of vertical wooden studs fixed to bottom and top rails to form a panel. The panel is formed by this supporting structure through one or two supporting panels fixed to it. Depending on specific assembly standards, the panels thus obtained are used to fill or serve as a load-bearing structure.

These wood frame walls can be placed at mid-level or on a post-and-beam structure.

The bottom and top rails have several mechanical and structural functions, namely:

-Fix and maintain the desired distance between the posts.

- Fixed bottom rails to keep the panels aligned and under reaction loads.

- Securing the upper building components to the top rails of the panels.

Bottom and top rails allow materials or support systems to be sewn to the bottom and top edges of the panels.

However, conventional wood frame construction has limitations. Therefore, the rails at the bottom and top of the wood frame panels receive the load carried by each column in a direction perpendicular to the wood fibers.

Wood carries much more load per unit area in the direction of the fiber than perpendicular to the fiber, with the result that solid wood components or rails crush at the horizontal fiber level at the punctual reaction load.

Typically, conventional framing systems, with their load transfer to wood with horizontal fibers, allow carrying capacity of buildings with wood frames up to R+2 storeys, ie three storeys, beyond which there is a risk of punctual crushing of the solid wood reaching the structural limit.

Summary of the Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated building system with a wooden frame structure which is transportable and largely stackable without using a load-bearing structure and without being limited to a certain number of storeys.

The modular building system according to the present invention is characterized in that it consists of a building system in which a skeleton is made of several prefabricated units assembled into stacks; and is also characterized in that each of the units consists of a wooden frame structure comprising a series of vertical columns spaced at standard intervals, the vertical columns of the wooden frame structure spanning the entire height between floors, and is also characterized in that the vertical columns of the walls on the N+1th floor each rest directly on the vertical columns of the Nth floor, while the components transverse to the vertical columns and/or the components on the parts inserted between the vertical columns perform the function of retaining and supporting the columns.

The reaction load allowed per column is much higher in this construction, there is no wood with horizontal fibers to carry the load and therefore no crushing.

Since load-bearing columns are not required in a post-and-beam system, in standard wooden frames we maintain the column cross-sections and spacings as well as the structural classification of the timber in accordance with current regulations.

Another version of the modular building system according to the invention is characterized in that it consists of a building system in which the skeleton is made of several prefabricated units assembled into stacks; and is also characterized in that each of said units is made of a wooden frame structure comprising a series of vertical columns spaced at standard intervals, the vertical columns of the wooden frame structure spanning the entire height between the floors, and is also characterized in that said vertical columns of the walls on the N+1th floor each rest on the vertical columns of the Nth floor, between which there have been inserted components capable of ensuring the transfer or reaction of force loads and made of a material or a composite material of several materials, the material or composite material being chosen so as to maintain its mechanical properties under the load stresses of the upper one or more floors, while components transverse to the vertical columns and/or components on the components inserted between the vertical columns ensure the function of maintaining and supporting said vertical columns.

It is also possible for an inserted component made of one material or a composite of several materials (for example metal) to form the fixing means.

Of course, their properties and dimensional characteristics are chosen and calculated according to the characteristics of the building, i.e. the loads to which they will be subjected. This excludes solid wood, which, as mentioned above, can reach its structural limits of compression and therefore risk collapsing in time.

These components can be made of sheets or profiles of non-limiting metal (e.g., angle iron), They can also be made of materials such as concrete (whether reinforced or not), resin (whether reinforced with fiber or not), reconstituted wood panels, bonded or glued industrial wood, laminated industrial wood, wood species selected to have the desired compression properties, polymers or bio-based materials based on polymers or natural adhesives, ferrous or non-ferrous metals, combinations of several such materials (e.g., one providing compression or shear strength and another providing torsional strength), or composite materials where one of the materials can be selected to provide fire resistance, for example.

The vertical uprights may not be in the exact extension of the corresponding vertical uprights of the upper and/or lower floors.The purpose of these components is to allow compensation of displacements in the longitudinal direction of the wall.

According to an additional characteristic of the building system according to the invention, the vertical columns are assembled on lower horizontal beams intended to carry the floor joists.

According to another additional characteristic of the building system according to the invention, the vertical columns are assembled on upper horizontal beams intended to carry ceiling or roof joists.

According to another additional feature of the building system according to the invention, the vertical columns directly carry the ceiling or roof joists.

The prefabricated units are intended to be stacked on top of each other, and sets of stacked units may be juxtaposed, which may be carried in many and different ways, such as, without limitation, between stringers, between stringers and joists, between stringers and posts, between posts and posts, between posts and joists, etc. ….

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The advantages and characteristics of the building system according to the invention will become clear from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, which represent several non-limiting embodiments of the same.

In the attached figure:

- Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a structure made with the building system according to the invention.

- Figure 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a variant of the same structure.

- Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the structure according to the building system according to the invention.

- Figure 4 shows a partial schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a structure according to the building system according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

When referring to Figure 1 we can see a structure made according to the building system according to the present invention.

This structure comprises two stacked modules 1 , which are of identical design.

Each module 1 comprises vertical columns 2 which are parallel and spaced apart at a certain distance to form a load-bearing wall. This distance can be ensured, without limitation, by spacers (not shown).

In the embodiment shown, the uprights 2 of the same wall of the module 1 are assembled at the bottom by means of horizontal beams 3 and the two horizontal longitudinal beams 3 of the two opposite walls carry floor joists 4 , while the uprights of the two walls 2 carry ceiling or roof joists 5 at the top.

Furthermore, each wall is reinforced by inner supports 20 and/or outer supports 21 .

These components can be of any type and will be calculated so as to be sufficient to ensure the cohesion of the modular unit structure to facilitate transportation and then serve as structural components of the building during its use.

According to the invention, the upper module 1 rests on the lower module 1, with each vertical column 2 of the module 1 resting directly against the vertical column 2 of the lower module 1. The vertical columns 2 are thus extended from one floor to another in a manner similar to that of the other, without the intervention of wood with horizontal fibers to carry the load and therefore without risk of crushing.

When referring now to FIG. 2 , we can see a variant in which the vertical studs 2 of the same wall are assembled on top of horizontal beams 50 carrying ceiling or roof joists 5 .

Now, with reference to Figure 3, we can see another embodiment of the structure according to the invention. Thus, each vertical column 1 of the upper module 1 does not rest directly on a vertical column 1 of the lower module 1, but has an interposed element 6 made of a material or a composite of several materials chosen so as to be able to maintain its mechanical properties under the stresses of the load of the upper floor or floors, and which may consist of a sheet material without limitation.

It is conceivable to move the vertical columns 2 of the lower module 1 relative to those of the upper module 1 , thanks to the mechanical properties of the element 6 , which ensures load transfer and is chosen so as to withstand the compression and shear stresses generated by the building.

In this embodiment, it should be noted that the two stacked modules 1 share two horizontal beams 30 and the same joists 40, which form the upper longitudinal beams and ceiling joists, respectively, for the lower module 1, and the lower longitudinal beams and floor joists, respectively, for the upper module.

FIG4 , relating to the same embodiment, allows to observe, on the one hand, the part 6 inserted between the vertical uprights 2 of the lower module 1 and those of the upper module 1 , consisting, without limitation, of angular profile strips, and, on the other hand, the assembly of the various parts of the structure prepared by means of connectors C.

Regardless of the embodiment considered, the building system according to the invention allows making structures without limiting the number of storeys.

Claims (4)

1. A modular building system in which the skeleton is made of a plurality of prefabricated units (1) assembled into a stack; and wherein each of the units (1) consists of a timber frame structure comprising a series of vertical columns (2) spaced at standard intervals, the vertical columns (2) of the timber frame structure spanning the entire height between floors, and wherein the vertical columns (2) on the wall of the N+1th floor rest on the vertical columns (2) of the Nth floor, and components (3, 50, 20, 21) transverse to the vertical columns (2) function to hold the vertical columns (2). The feature is that the vertical columns (2) of the wall on the N+1th floor each rest directly on the vertical column (2) of the Nth floor, without the intervention of wood with horizontal fibers to bear the load. 2. The modular building system according to claim 1, wherein the vertical column (2) is assembled on the lower horizontal beam (3) and is intended to support the floor support beam (4). 3. The modular building system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the vertical column (2) is assembled on the upper horizontal beam (50) and is intended to support the ceiling or roof support beam (5). 4. The modular building system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the vertical column (2) directly supports the ceiling or roof beam (5).