HK1206898B - Enabling cdma2000 system sharing in lte - Google Patents

Description

Implementing CDMA2000 system sharing in LTE

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to wireless communications and more particularly to a UE under an LTE system selecting a CDMA2000 system for handover and fallback services from a plurality of possible CDMA2000 systems and signaling the selected CDMA2000 system to the LTE system, thereby enabling handover to the CDMA system and fallback services.

Background Art

This section is intended to provide background or context for the invention disclosed below. The description herein may include concepts that may be explored but not necessarily concepts that have been previously conceived, implemented, or described. Therefore, unless otherwise expressly indicated herein, the content described in this section is not prior art prior to the description in this application and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

Definitions of the following abbreviations that may be found in the specification and/or drawings are as follows:

1xRTT 1x Radio Transmission Technology (CDMA2000 technology)

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000

CS Circuit Switched

CSFB Circuit Switched Fallback

eNodeB or eNB E-UTRAN (or evolved) Node B (LTE base station)

EPC Evolved Packet Core

E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN

HPRD High Speed Packet Data (CDMA2000 technology)

eHPRD Evolved HRPD (CDMA2000 technology)

ID

IWS Interoperability Solutions

LTE Long Term Evolution

MME Mobility Management Entity

NAS Non-Access Stratum

NID Network Identification

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PRL Preferred Roaming List

RAN Radio Access Network

RAT Radio Access Technology

RRC Radio Resource Control

S1AP S1 application part

SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

SIB1 System Information Block Type 1

SIB8 System Information Block Type 8

SID System Identifier (or System Identifier)

SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

TS Technical Standards

UE User Equipment

UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

US2012/063414A1 discloses how to perform a UE handover from LTE to EVDO for data and/or 1xRTT for voice. WO2009/142581A1 discloses processing circuit-switched services in a user equipment residing in a packet-switched domain. Circuit-switched specific parameter settings may include parameters such as 1xRTT frequency band, 1xRTT carrier frequency, and CDMA system time. EP2056639A2 discloses cell handover of a radio access terminal in a multi-RAT network environment. Examples of such RATs include WiFi, GSM, CDMA2000, LTE, and WiMAX. The current LTE specification only supports handover, CSFB, and SRVCC procedures (e.g., parameters and handover procedures) from a single LTE system to a single CDMA2000 system of each type (1xRTT and eHRPD). An LTE system that supports handover/CSFB/SRVCC procedures from a single LTE system to multiple CDMA2000 systems is needed to accommodate situations where one LTE system supports multiple underlying CDMA2000 systems.

Summary of the Invention

This section is intended to provide an overview of example embodiments and is not intended to be limiting.

In an exemplary embodiment, a method is disclosed that includes selecting, by a user equipment in a long term evolution system, one of a plurality of code division multiple access systems. The method also includes signaling one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system to a network element.

An additional example embodiment includes a computer program comprising: code for selecting, at a user equipment in a long-term evolution system, one of a plurality of code division multiple access systems when the computer program is executed on a processor; and code for signaling one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system to a network element. Yet another example embodiment is the computer program according to this paragraph, wherein the computer program is a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium carrying computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer.

An example apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories including computer program code. The one or more memories and the computer program code are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to at least perform the following operations: select, at a user equipment in a long-term evolution system, one of a plurality of code division multiple access systems; and signal one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system to a network element. A user equipment includes the apparatus of this paragraph.

Yet another example embodiment is an apparatus comprising means for selecting, at a user equipment in a long term evolution system, one of a plurality of code division multiple access systems; and means for signaling one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access systems to a network element. A user equipment comprises the apparatus of this paragraph.

Another example embodiment is a method. The method includes receiving, at a network element in a long term evolution system, one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems from a plurality of code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element, the one or more selected code division multiple access systems corresponding to one or more requested actions performed by a user equipment and a selection by the user equipment of the selected code division multiple access system from the plurality of code division multiple access systems. The method also includes routing information corresponding to the one or more requested actions to the one or more selected code division multiple access systems.

An additional exemplary embodiment includes a computer program comprising: code for, when the computer program is executed on a processor, receiving, at a network element in a long term evolution system, one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems from a plurality of code division multiple access systems to which the network element accesses, the one or more selected code division multiple access systems corresponding to one or more requested actions by a user equipment and a selection by the user equipment of a selected code division multiple access system from the plurality of code division multiple access systems; and code for routing information corresponding to the one or more requested actions to the one or more selected code division multiple access systems. An additional exemplary embodiment is a computer program according to this paragraph, wherein the computer program is a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium carrying computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer.

An example apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories including computer program code. The one or more memories and the computer program code are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to at least perform the following operations: receiving, at a network element in a long-term evolution system, one or more indications of one or more selected CDMA systems from a plurality of CDMA systems accessed by the network element, the one or more selected CDMA systems corresponding to one or more requested actions performed by a user equipment and a selection by the user equipment of a selected CDMA system from the plurality of CDMA systems; and routing information corresponding to the one or more requested actions to the one or more selected CDMA systems. A mobility management entity may include the apparatus of this paragraph.

Yet another example embodiment is an apparatus comprising means for receiving, at a network element in a long term evolution system, one or more indications of one or more selected CDMA systems from a plurality of CDMA systems accessed by the network element, the one or more selected CDMA systems corresponding to one or more requested actions by a user equipment and a selection by the user equipment of a selected CDMA system from the plurality of CDMA systems; and means for routing information corresponding to the one or more requested actions to the one or more selected CDMA systems. A mobility management entity may include the apparatus of this paragraph.

Another example method is disclosed. The method includes signaling, at a network element in a long-term evolution system, to a user equipment (UE) an indication of a mapping of multiple code division multiple access (CDMA) systems to an associated CDMA system in one or more long-term evolution (LTE) systems; and receiving, from the UE, signaling one or more indications of one or more selected CDMA systems selected by the UE.

Yet another example embodiment includes a computer program comprising: code for, when the computer program is executed on a processor, signaling to a user equipment, at a network element in a long-term evolution system, an indication of a mapping of multiple code division multiple access systems to an associated long-term evolution system in one or more long-term evolution systems; and code for receiving, from the user equipment, signaling including one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems selected by the user equipment. Another example embodiment is the computer program according to this paragraph, wherein the computer program is a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium carrying computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer.

An example apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories including computer program code. The one or more memories and the computer program code are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to at least perform the following operations: signaling, at a network element in a long-term evolution system, to a user equipment (UE) an indication of a mapping of multiple code division multiple access (CDMA) systems to an associated CDMA system in one or more CDMA systems; and receiving, from the UE, signaling including one or more indications of one or more selected CDMA systems selected by the UE. A base station may include the apparatus of this paragraph.

In another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus comprising: means for signaling, at a network element in a long-term evolution system, to a user equipment (UE) an indication of a mapping of multiple code division multiple access (CDMA) systems to an associated CDMA system in one or more CDMA systems; and means for receiving, from the UE, signaling including one or more indications of one or more selected CDMA systems selected by the UE. A base station may include the apparatus of this paragraph.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the attached figure:

FIG1 illustrates an example system in which example embodiments of the present invention may be implemented;

FIG2 is an example signaling diagram for the 1xRTT/eHRPD pre-registration procedure (see also 3GPP TS 23.272, Figure B.2.1.1-1 and 3GPP TS 23.402, Figure 9.3.1-1);

FIG3 is an example signaling diagram for handover from LTE to an eHRPD system (see also 3GPP TS 23.402, Figure 9.3.2-1);

Figures 4A and 4B are example signaling diagrams for parallel handover to eHRPD for 1xCSFB to 1xRTT (see also 3GPP TS 23.272, Figure B.2.3a.3-1 and Figure B.2.3a.5-1);

FIG5 is an example signaling diagram for SRVCC (see also 3GPP TS 23.216, Figure 6.1.3-1) for a VoIP call to a 1xRTT system; and

Figures 6, 7 and 8 are each a logic flow diagram that illustrates the operation of a method, and a result of execution of computer program instructions embodied on a computer readable memory, in accordance with the example embodiments of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before proceeding with additional description regarding interworking between an LTE system and multiple CDMA2000 systems of the same type, reference is made to FIG1 , which illustrates an example system in which example embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. In FIG1 , user equipment (UE) 110 may wirelessly communicate with network 100 via a radio link 115 with an eNB 107, such as an LTE RAN. Example embodiments of the present invention relate to how a connection that the UE has with the LTE eNB 107 and the corresponding LTE system is routed to one of the CDMA2000 systems 140.

The user equipment 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130 (including a receiver Rx and a transmitter Tx) interconnected by one or more buses 127. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The one or more memories 125 and the computer program code 123 are configured to, with the one or more processors 120, cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more of the operations described herein in an example embodiment.

The network 100 includes an eNB (eNodeB, LTE base station) 107, an MME 191, and multiple CDMA2000 systems 140. In this example, three CDMA2000 systems 140 are shown. Each CDMA2000 system 140 includes a corresponding eHRPD system (e.g., RAN) 145 and a 1xRTT system (e.g., RAN) 146. Note that while FIG1 shows each CDMA2000 system 140 as having both an eHRPD system 145 and a 1xRTT system 146, each CDMA2000 system 140 may have only an eHRPD system 145, only a 1xRTT system 146, or both an eHRPD system 145 and a 1xRTT system 146. The eNodeB 107 includes one or more processors 150, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N/W I/Fs) 161, and one or more transceivers 160 (each including a transmitter Tx and a receiver Rx) interconnected by one or more buses 157. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, in an example embodiment, with the one or more processors 150 to cause the eNodeB 107 to perform one or more of the operations described herein. The one or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network, such as network 175.

MME 191 includes one or more processors 180, one or more memories 195, and one or more network interfaces (N/W I/Fs) 190 interconnected by one or more buses 187. The one or more memories 195 include computer program code 197. The one or more memories 195 and the computer program code 197 are configured to, in an example embodiment, with the one or more processors 180 to cause MME 191 to perform one or more of the operations described herein. The one or more network interfaces 190 communicate over a network, such as networks 173, 175.

eNodeB (eNB) 107 and MME 191 communicate using, for example, network 175. Network 175 can be wired, wireless, or both and can implement, for example, an S1-MME interface using the S1AP protocol (see, for example, 3GPP TS 36.413). The MME uses network 173 to communicate with CDMA2000 system 140. Network 173 can be wired, wireless, or both and can implement, for example, an S102 interface according to 3GPP TS 29.277 for 1xRTT and an S101 interface according to 3GPP TS 29.276 for eHRPD.

The E-UTRAN system includes an eNB 107 (e.g., an LTE RAN) and an MME 191. The E-UTRAN system may overlay one or more CDMA2000 systems 140. Note that E-UTRAN and CDMA2000 systems typically include several to many more elements than shown in FIG1 . For example, a CDMA2000 1x system may include a BSC, MSC, MGW, and HLR. A CDMA2000 eHRPD system may include a PCF, AN-AAA, and HSGW. The E-UTRAN system may also include an SGW (Serving Gateway), a PDN-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway), a PCRF (Policy Control and Charging Function), and an HSS (Home Subscriber Server). Each of these systems has a core network and a RAN. For example, LTE has a RAN (e.g., an eNB 107) and an EPC including an MME 191. For simplicity, FIG1 only shows the main elements of these systems discussed here.

Computer-readable memories 125, 155, and 195 may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may be implemented using any appropriate data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. Processors 120, 150, and 180 may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may include, as non-limiting examples, one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture.

In general, various embodiments of UE 110 may include, but are not limited to, a cellular mobile device, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) with wireless communication capabilities, a portable computer with wireless communication capabilities, an image capture device with wireless communication capabilities, such as a digital camera, a gaming device with wireless communication capabilities, a music storage and playback device with wireless communication capabilities, an Internet appliance allowing wireless Internet access and browsing, and a portable unit or terminal incorporating combinations of such functionality.

Three CDMA2000 systems 140 can provide, for example, 1xRTT and eHRPD services to UE 110 (e.g., via corresponding 1xRTT system 146 and eHRPD system 145). Each CDMA2000 system 140 can correspond to a system identifier (SID) (or network identifier NID). It should also be noted that the eHRPD system 145 is identified by its "subnet." An operator can use the SID of the corresponding 1xRTT network to create a "subnet" identifier. However, it is not necessary for an operator to use the SID to create a subnet identifier. This disclosure uses the generic term "system identifier" for both subnet and SID. As described above, the current LTE specification only supports interworking (e.g., handover, CSFB, SRVCC procedures) between a single LTE system and a single CDMA2000 system of each type (1xRTT and eHRPD). Therefore, there is a need to support interworking (e.g., CDMA2000 system sharing) between a single LTE system and multiple CDMA2000 systems, where the LTE system has overlapping coverage areas with the multiple CDMA2000 systems. The EPC can support connectivity with multiple 1xRTT systems 146 belonging to multiple operators (e.g., via multiple IWSs). When a subscriber attaches to an LTE network, the UE will select an appropriate, for example, 1xRTT network, and will perform a pre-registration procedure with that network. The UE uses, for example, CDMA2000 procedures to select the 1xRTT network (typically using PRL). The extended service request procedure used to initiate the CSFB procedure needs to be enhanced to allow the UE to indicate the selected 1xRTT system identifier. This 1xRTT system identifier is provided by the MME to the eNodeB and allows the eNodeB to use appropriate 1xRTT system-specific parameters, measurement configuration, and 1xRTT cell selection to handover the UE to the selected 1xRTT system. Thus, the example embodiments herein allow the UE to select from multiple CDMA systems 140. Note that the term 'RAN' can be inferred to mean multiple RANs within the same system, which is currently supported. The example embodiments herein provide interfaces with multiple CDMA2000 systems, each with a unique 'system ID'. However, multiple interfaces with multiple CDMA2000 RANs having the same 'system ID' can also exist.

Example embodiments of the present invention may also provide the following embodiments. In one example embodiment, eNB 107 provides a mapping of 1xRTT and eHRPD systems to the LTE PLMN, for example, in an overhead signaling message. In another example embodiment, UE 110 uses this mapping and indicates the selected CDMA2000 system identifier (SID) for 1xRTT and eHRPD to the E-UTRAN eNodeB, for example, in an RRC signaling message. In yet another example embodiment, E-UTRAN eNodeB 107 indicates the CDMA2000 system identifier to MME 191, for example, in an S1AP signaling message. In another example embodiment, MME 191 indicates the selected CDMA2000 system identifier for the 1x Circuit Switched Fallback procedure to eNodeB 107 in a signaling message. E-UTRAN eNodeB 107 may indicate the CDMA2000 system identifier for 1xRRT CS fallback, handover to eHRPD, and SRVCC procedures to MME 191 in a handover signaling message.

In a more specific example embodiment, eNodeB 107 broadcasts the mapping of 1xRTT/HRPD systems to LTE PLMNs in an overhead signaling message. UE 110 uses information about multiple CDMA2000 systems broadcast in E-UTRAN to select a serving CDMA2000 system (e.g., SID/NID for 1xRTT and eHRPD) and indicates the selected CDMA2000 system identifier to eNodeB 107 in a signaling message. eNodeB 107 sends parameters specific to the selected CDMA2000 system to UE 110. eNodeB 107 indicates the selected CDMA2000 system identifier to MME 191 in a signaling message. MME 191 uses the selected CDMA2000 system identifier and associated reference cell information to route CDMA2000 signaling messages to the appropriate 1xRTT and eHRPD networks (e.g., CDMA2000 system 140) during registration and handover signaling procedures. UE 110 provides the selected CDMA2000 system identifier to MME 191 in a 1xRTT CSS backup signaling message, and MME 191 in turn provides the selected CDMA2000 system identifier to the eNodeB for the CS fallback procedure.

The present invention therefore provides, in certain example embodiments, techniques for allowing UE 110 to indicate their preferred 1xRTT and eHRPD system information to network 100 (e.g., to or through eNodeB 107) to allow EUTRAN and EPC to route CDMA2000 signaling messages between the UE and the selected CDMA system 140, e.g., through an LTE signaling tunnel.

Turning to Figure 2, an example signaling diagram for the 1xRTT/eHRPD pre-registration procedure (see also 3GPP TS 23.272 and 3GPP TS 23.402) is shown. The pre-registration procedure is between the UE and the eHRPD/1xRTT system. In one sense, the pre-registration procedure is equivalent to the attach procedure for 1xRTT/eHRPD (see, for example, operation 5 below). This call flow shows pre-registration for 1xRTT and eHRPD. In reality, those are two separate, independent procedures using the same LTE signaling. However, the CSFBParametersRequest/CSFBParametersResponse messages apply only to 1xRTT pre-registration. There can be two separate call flows for 1xRTT pre-registration and for eHRPD pre-registration (instead of the single call flow shown). The only difference will be that operations 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the call flow of Figure 2 will appear only for 1xRTT pre-registration.

A UE can support three radio access technologies: 1xRTT, eHRPD, and LTE. In this case, the UE will pre-register separately with 1xRTT and eHRPD after attaching to LTE. CSFB is the process used by the UE to initiate a 1x voice call while attached to LTE. When the UE wishes to initiate a voice call, it initiates the extended service request procedure shown in Figures 4A and 4B to trigger a handover to 1xRTT to initiate a 1x voice call in 1x. "Circuit Switched" refers to 1xRTT, and "Fallback" refers to falling back from LTE to 1x to initiate a voice call.

In operation 1 of FIG. 2 , eNodeB 107 signals a SIB1 message including an LTE PLMN ID list, which contains a list of LTE PLMN IDs. Typically, LTE PLMN IDs are MCCs, MNCs (Mobile Country Codes, Mobile Network Codes). Thus, the LTE PLMN ID identifies the network operator. In operation 2, eNodeB 107 signals a SIB8 message including CDMA/eHRPD RAN-specific parameters and a CDMA-LTE-PLMN mapping. More specifically, in operation 3, the eNodeB provides parameters for multiple 1xRTT and eHRPD systems (e.g., CDMA system 140) via CDMA/eHRPD RAN-specific parameters. In operation 4, eNodeB 107 provides mappings of 1xRTT/HRPD systems to LTE PLMNs ("CDMA-LTE-PLMN Mapping" in operation 2). Thus, eNodeB 107 provides mappings of 1xRTT and eHRPD systems to LTE PLMNs in the SIB8 signaling message. The eNodeB 107 gets this mapping as part of its database configuration, for example the LTE system operator provides this mapping into the eNodeB's database.Note that this mapping is provided in each of Figures 2 to 5, but is only shown in Figure 2.

Regarding this mapping, it may be the case that eNodeB 107 and MME 191 are used for an LTE PLMN, such as LTE PLMN1. LTE PLMN1 is therefore mapped to CDMA systems 140-1, 140-2, and 140-3. However, it is also possible to share the E-UTRAN among multiple LTE operators. For example, each LTE operator PLMN1 and PLMN2 may share the same EUTRAN (eNodeB), where the EUTRAN may be owned by a separate entity or belong to one of the LTE PLMNs. In this case, the eNodeB broadcasts the multiple PLMNs (e.g., their IDs) in SIB1. SIB8 shows the mapping of multiple CDMA2000 systems to multiple LTE PLMNs.

Thus, Operator 1 can act as an LTE operator, PLMN1, with both EPC and EUTRAN. Operator 1 can partner with another operator, such as Operator 2 (PLMN2), which may not have any EUTRAN but has an MME/EPC to provide LTE services to Operator 2 in addition to Operator 1's own LTE services. In this case, Operator 1's eNodeB will broadcast PLMN1 and PLMN2. In addition, there may be other CDMA2000 operators, which are not LTE-equipped, that partner with Operator 1 or Operator 2 to allow CDMA2000 subscribers to attach to PLMN1 or PLMN2 and receive LTE services, as well as handover to their own CDMA2000 networks for 1x voice calls.

Example: Each LTE PLMN1, PLMN2, PLMN3 can be mapped to multiple CDMA systems SID1/NID1, SID2/NID2, SID3/NID3, SID4/NID4 as follows.

SID1/NID1->PLMN1,PLMN3

SID2/NID2->PLMN1, PLMN2, PLMN3

SID3/NID3->PLMN2

SID4/NID4->PLMN1, PLMN2.

In operation 5, UE 110 selects an eHRPD system, a 1x RTT system, and an LTE PLMN and attaches to MME 191. The attachment procedure (operation 5) is directed to the MME. Note that the selected 1xRTT and eHRPD systems may be selected from a separate CDMA2000 system 140. In operation 6, the UE provides the selected 1xRTT SID/NID information to the eNodeB in a CSFBParametersRequestCDMA2000 signaling message. That is, in operation 7, UE 110 indicates the selected 1x RTT system to eNodeB 107. In operation 9, eNodeB 107 provides the UE with CDMA2000 parameters ("CDMA2000Parms") for the selected 1xRTT PLMN in a CSFBParametersResponseCDMA2000 message (operation 8).

In operation 10, UE 110 signals to eNodeB 107 via a UL Information Transfer message including either a 1xRTT SID/NID or an eHRPD SID/NID. The UL Information Transfer message carries either 1xRTT or eHRPD, but not both. Therefore, if a 1xRTT pre-registration message is carried in this message, the 1xRTT SID/NID is used. If an eHRPD pre-registration message is carried in this message, an eHRPD identifier (e.g., Subset) is used. That is, in operation 11, UE 110 indicates the 1xRTT system or eHRPD system with which pre-registration is performed. As mentioned earlier, the eHRPD "Subset" is typically used as the eHRPD identifier. Therefore, the "SID/NID" for eHRPD will typically be Subset. However, any system identifier suitable for identifying an eHRPD system may be used. Similarly, although SID/NID is used to identify the 1xRTT system in each figure, any system identifier suitable for identifying the 1xRTT system may be used. In operation 12, eNodeB 107 performs UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING signaling and includes the 1xRTT SID/NID or eHRPD SID/NID and CDMA2000 Sector ID. That is, in operation 13, eNodeB 107 indicates to MME 191 the CDMA/HRPD system with which UE 110 requests pre-registration.

In operation 14, MME 191 routes pre-registration information toward the destination system (CDMA2000 SID-A 140-1 or CDMA2000-SID B 140-2 or other CDMA2000 SID 140-3) (and its corresponding system 145/146) using 1xRTT or eHRPD SID/NID information and CDMA2000 SectorID provided by the eNodeB for each RAT.

In operation 15, MME 191 signals eNodeB 107 via a DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING message. In operation 16, eNodeB 107 signals UE 110 via a DLInformationTransfer message. These messages carry tunneled 1xRTT/eHRPD Preregistration Response messages from the corresponding 1xRTT/eHRPD system. These are responses to the Preregistration messages sent in operation 12.

Turning to FIG. 3 , an example signaling diagram for handover to an eHRPD system is shown (see also 3GPP TS 23.402). In operation 1, the UE signals a MeasurementReport (e.g., including the selected eHRPD SID/NID) to MME 191. That is, in operation 2, when eNodeB 107 broadcasts support for multiple 1xRTT/eHRPD systems in an SIB8 message, UE 110 provides the selected eHRPD system in all Measurement Reports. Note that this specific example relates to eHRPD handover.

In operation 3, eNodeB 107 requests measurements for the selected eHRPD system (e.g., from UE 110). In operation 4, UE 110 signals a MeasurementReport message including the selected eHRPD SID/NID. UE 110 thus indicates (operation 5) the selected eHRPD system and the eHRPD registration status. When UE 110 registers with eHRPD system 145, UE 110 is then effectively attached to eHRPD system 145, i.e., UE 110 has a session with eHRPD system 145. UE 110 is not connected to the eHRPD system via a wireless interface with eHRPD system 145, but instead is connected to eHRPD system 145 via link 115 (and its corresponding interface) and links 175 and 173 and their corresponding interfaces. In operation 6, eNodeB 107 signals a HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest() message to UE 110. That is, eNodeB 107 requests UE to initiate a handover procedure to the eHRPD system in operation 7. The selected system does not need to be provided to UE 110 because UE 110 maintains registration with only one eHRPD system indicated by the selected eHRPD system identifier and a pre-registration state in the MeasurementReport that triggers the handover.

In operation 8, UE 110 responds with a UL Handover Preparation Transfer (HRPD) message. In operation 9, eNodeB 107 signals an UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING message including the eHRPD SID/NID and CDMA2000 Sector ID. That is, in operation 10, eNodeB 107 indicates the eHRPD system to which handover is requested (via the eHRPD SID/NID).

In operation 11, MME 191 uses the eHRPD SID/NID information and CDMA2000 Sector ID provided by eNodeB 107 to route handover information to the destination system (e.g., RAN) (e.g., CDMA2000 SID-A 140-1 or CDMA2000-SID B 140-2 or other parts of CDMA2000 SID 140-3). For example, the UE sends an eHRPD message (illustrated by "eHRPD" in operation 8) to the eHRPD system via the LTE system in an LTE message. Therefore, the UL HandoverPreparationTransfer message includes the eHRPD message sent to MME 191 in operation 9, and MME 191 then sends the eHRPD message to the eHRPD system in operation 11. In operation 12, MME 191 sends a DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING() message to eNodeB 107 (this message contains the response eHRPD message sent by the eHRPD system to the UE via the MME). In operation 13, eNodeB 107 signals a MobilityFromEUTRACommand() message to UE 110, and in operation 14, the UE initiates handover signaling with the eHRPD system 145 with which the UE is registered.

Reference is now made to Figures 4A and 4B, which illustrate example signaling diagrams for a parallel handover to an eHRPD PLMN (see also 3GPP TS 23.272) using 1xCSFB to 1xRTT. CSFB with parallel handover to eHRPD is a process whereby, when a UE makes a voice call, the CSFB procedure is used to handover the UE to 1xRTT for the voice call. Simultaneously, the UE's LTE packet data session is transferred to eHRPD—i.e., packet data services (e.g., web browsing) are handled by the eHRPD system. In this case, the LTE packet session ends after the handover to the eHRPD system 145.

Parallel handover to eHRPD during CSFB is optional. That is, the LTE system may decide not to handover the packet data session to eHRPD, maintain the session in LTE, and send the UE to 1x only for the voice call. In this case, the packet data session is maintained and terminated in LTE. When the UE completes the voice call in 1xRTT, it will return to LTE and resume the packet data session (e.g., web browsing) in LTE. Figures 4A and 4B illustrate parallel CSFB/eHRPD handover in the call flow, as this is the most complex case.

In this example, UE 110 signals a MeasurementReport including the selected 1xRTT SID/NID and the selected eHRPD SID/NID to eNodeB 107 in operation 1. That is, when eNodeB 107 broadcasts support for multiple 1xRTT/eHRPD systems in an SIB8 message, the UE provides (operation 2) the selected 1xRTT and eHRPD SID/NID in all MeasurementReports. In this call flow, two cases are considered: one in which the UE is in idle mode (see operation 5A below) and the other in which the UE is in connected mode (i.e., has an active connection with eNodeB 107, see operation 5B below). Operations 1 and 2 are not performed for idle mode, but can be performed for connected mode.

In operation 3, UE 110 signals (eg, via eNodeB 107) an extended service request message including the selected 1xRTT SID/NID to MME 191, so the UE indicates (operation 4) the selected 1xRTT system in the CSFB request.

MME 191 performs one of operations 5A or 5B. In operation 5A, MME 191 signals an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message including the selected 1xRTT SID/NID to eNodeB 107. The INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message is used when the UE initiates a CSFB procedure while the UE is idle in LTE. In operation 5B, MME 191 signals a UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST message including the selected 1xRTT SID/NID to eNodeB 107. The UE CONTEXT MODIFICATION REQUEST message is used when the UE initiates a CSFB procedure while the UE has an active connection with the eNodeB for LTE services. MME 191 therefore sends the selected 1xRTT system to eNodeB 107 (operation 6). This allows the eNodeB 107 to request measurements of the UE 110 without first waiting for a measurement report from the UE 110 .

In operation 7, the eNodeB 107 requests CDMA2000 measurements for the selected 1xRTT system (and the UE performs the measurements). In operation 8, the eNodeB 107 requests CDMA2000 measurements for the selected eHRPD system (and the UE performs the measurements). In operation 9, the UE signals a MeasurementReport with the selected 1xRTT SID/NID and the selected eHRPD SID/NID (e.g., along with measurements for the 1xRTT and eHRPD systems 146 and 145, respectively). The UE will send separate MeasurementReports (one with the 1xRTT measurements and another with the eHRPD measurements). Thus, the UE indicates (operation 10) the selected 1xRTT and eHRPD systems.

In operation 11, eNodeB 107 signals a HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest() message to UE 110, thereby requesting (operation 12) handover to 1xRTT while simultaneously performing handover to eHRPD. In operation 13, UE 110 signals a ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message including a 1xRTT message to eNodeB 107. In operation 14, UE 110 signals a ULHandoverPreparationTransfer message including an eHRPD message to eNodeB 107.

In operation 15, eNodeB 107 signals an UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING message including the eHRPD SID/NID to MME 191. That is, eNodeB 107 indicates (operation 16) the eHRPD system 145 to which handover is requested. In operation 17, eNodeB 107 signals an UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING message including the 1xRTT SID/NID to MME 191. Therefore, eNodeB 107 indicates (operation 18) the 1xRTT system 146 to which handover is requested.

In operation 19, MME 191 uses the 1xRTT or eHRPD SID/NID information and CDMA2000 Sector ID provided by the eNodeB for each RAT to route handover information to the destination CDMA2000 system (e.g., system CDMA2000 SID-A 140-1 or CDMA2000-SID B 140-2 or other parts of CDMA2000 SID 140-3). The handover information in this example includes the 1xRTT message from operation 13 and the eHRPD message from operation 14. In operation 20, MME 191 signals a DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING() message to eNodeB 107, and in operation 21, MME 191 signals a DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING() message to eNodeB 107. These messages contain corresponding response messages from the 1xRTT and eHRPD systems. As an example, the UE requests a switch to 1xRTT and simultaneously requests a switch to eHRPD by tunneling a Split Request message to each system. Each system (e.g., 145, 146) then sends a response message with information that the UE will use to switch each of its stacks—the 1xRTT stack to the 1xRTT system 146 and the eHRPD stack to the eHRPD system 145.

In operation 22, eNodeB 107 signals MobilityFromEUTRACommand() to UE 110. This message contains response messages from both the 1xRTT and eHRPD systems. Therefore, the eNB waits until both response messages are received and includes both responses in this message, which triggers a simultaneous handover to both systems. Note that in this example, the eHRPD and 1xRTT systems are independent of each other, which is why the UE sends separate signaling messages to each system. In operation 23, UE 110 initiates handover signaling with both the 1xRTT system for CSFB and the eHRPD system for a concurrent eHRPD handover.

Referring now to FIG. 5 , an example signaling diagram for SRVCC (see also 3GPP TS 23.216) for a VoIP call to a 1xRTT PLMN is shown. In operation 1, UE 110 signals a MeasurementReport message including the selected 1xRTT SID/NID. Thus, the UE provides (operation 2) the selected 1xRTT system in all measurement reports when eNodeB 107 broadcasts support for multiple 1xRTT systems 146 in a SIB8 message.

In operation 3, eNodeB 107 requests measurement of the selected 1xRTT system (and UE 110 performs the measurement). In operation 4, UE 110 signals a MeasurementReport message including the selected 1xRTT SID/NID to eNodeB 107, whereupon UE 110 indicates (operation 5) the selected 1xRTT system, e.g., via the 1xRTT SID/NID.

In operation 6, eNodeB 107 responds to UE 110 with a HandoverFromEUTRAPreparationRequest() message. eNodeB 107 thus requests (operation 7) that the UE initiate a handover procedure to the 1xRTT system. The selected system does not need to be provided to UE 110 in the message in operation 6. In operation 8, UE 110 signals a ULHandoverPreparationTransfer() message with 1xRTT information to eNodeB 107. In operation 9, eNodeB 107 signals an UPLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING message including the 1xRTT SID/NID and CDMA2000 SectorID to MME 191. eNodeB 107 thus indicates (operation 10) to the MME the 1xRTT system to which handover is requested.

In operation 11, MME 191 uses the 1xRTT SID/NID information and CDMA2000 Sector ID provided by the eNodeB to route a handover request message to the destination system (e.g., CDMA2000 SID-A 140-1 or CDMA2000-SIB B 140-2 or other parts of CDMA2000 SID 140-3). The handover request message includes the 1xRTT message from operation 8. In operation 12, MME 191 signals a DOWNLINK S1 CDMA2000 TUNNELING() message containing a handover response message from 1xRTT to eNodeB 107. In operation 13, eNodeB 107 signals a MobilityFromEUTRACommand() message to UE 110. In operation 14, UE 110 initiates handover signaling with the selected 1xRTT system 146.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 are each a logic flow diagram that illustrates the operation of a method, and a result of execution of computer program instructions embodied on a computer readable memory, in accordance with the example embodiments of this invention.

Figure 6 may be performed by UE 110. In Figure 6, UE 110 selects one of a plurality of code division multiple access systems in block 610. In block 620, UE 110 signals one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system to a network element.

FIG7 may be performed by a network element in a long-term evolution system, such as MME 191. In block 710, the network element receives one or more indications of selected CDMA systems from among a plurality of CDMA systems accessed by the network element. The one or more selected CDMA systems correspond to one or more requested actions of a user equipment and the user equipment's selection of a selected CDMA system from among the plurality of CDMA systems. In block 720, the network element routes information corresponding to the one or more requested actions to the one or more selected CDMA systems.

FIG8 may be performed by a network element in a long-term evolution system, such as eNodeB 107. The network element signals to a user equipment an indication of the mapping of multiple code division multiple access systems to an associated long-term evolution system in one or more long-term evolution systems in block 810. In block 820, the network element receives signaling from the user equipment including one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems selected by the user equipment.

The foregoing disclosure is now illustrated by a number of examples.

Example 1. A method comprising: selecting, at a user equipment in a long term evolution system, one of a plurality of code division multiple access systems; and signaling one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system to a network element.

2. The method of example 1, further comprising receiving a mapping of a plurality of code division multiple access systems to an associated long term evolution system of the one or more long term evolution systems, and wherein selecting further comprises selecting one of the plurality of code division multiple access systems using the mapping.

3. The method according to Example 2, wherein:

The mapping includes mapping multiple high-rate packet data systems and 1x radio transmission technology systems to one or more long-term evolution systems; the selection also includes selecting a high-rate packet data system and a 1x radio transmission technology system; and the signaling also includes sending an indication of the selected high-rate packet data system and an indication of the selected 1x radio transmission technology system to the network element by signaling.

4. The method according to Example 3, wherein the selecting further comprises selecting the selected 1x radio transmission technology system as a circuit switched fallback system, and wherein the signaling further comprises signaling an indication of the selected 1x radio transmission system to the base station for requesting parameters for the selected 1x radio transmission system from the long term evolution system.

5. The method according to Example 3 also includes using a long-term evolution system to perform uplink information transmission of information involving one of a 1x radio transmission technology system or a high-speed packet data system, the uplink transmission including at least a message indicating which system of the 1x radio transmission technology system or the high-speed packet data system the information involves.

6. A method according to Example 1, wherein: the multiple code division multiple access systems also include multiple high-speed packet data systems; selecting also includes one of the multiple high-speed packet data systems; and sending by signaling also includes sending the selected high-speed packet data system to the base station by signaling in the measurement report.

7. The method of example 6, performed as part of a handover to a selected Evolved High Rate Packet Data system.

8. A method according to Example 6, wherein: the multiple code division multiple access systems also include multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems; selecting also includes selecting one of the multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems; and signaling also includes signaling the selected 1x radio transmission technology system to the base station in a measurement report.

9. The method of Example 8, performed as part of a handover from a long term evolution system to a selected 1x radio transmission technology system and as part of a parallel handover to a selected high speed packet data system, and wherein the method further comprises signaling, by the user equipment to the base station, an extended service request, the extended service request including an indication of the selected 1x radio transmission technology system.

10. A method according to Example 1, wherein: the multiple code division multiple access systems also include multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems; selecting also includes selecting one of the multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems; and signaling also includes signaling the selected 1x radio transmission technology system to the base station in a measurement report.

11. The method of example 10, performed as part of single radio voice call continuity of a voice over internet protocol call to a selected 1x radio transmission technology system.

12. The method according to any of the foregoing method examples is executed by a user device.

13. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium carrying computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code including code for performing any of the aforementioned method examples.

14. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories comprising computer program code, the one or more memories and the computer program code being configured to, together with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform any of the aforementioned method examples.

Example 15. A method comprising: receiving, at a network element in a long term evolution system, one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems from a plurality of code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element, the one or more selected code division multiple access systems corresponding to one or more requested actions performed by a user equipment and a selection by the user equipment of a selected code division multiple access system from the plurality of code division multiple access systems; and routing information corresponding to the one or more requested actions to the one or more selected code division multiple access systems.

16. The method of example 15, wherein the one or more requested actions include a pre-registration procedure with the selected code division multiple access system, and wherein routing further comprises routing information corresponding to the pre-registration procedure to the selected code division multiple access system.

17. A method according to Example 16, wherein the multiple code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element further include multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems and multiple high-speed packet data systems, and wherein one or more selected code division multiple access systems among the multiple code division multiple access systems include a selected 1x radio transmission technology system or one of the selected high-speed packet data systems.

18. The method of example 15, wherein the one or more requested actions include handover of the user equipment to the selected code division multiple access system, and wherein routing further comprises routing information corresponding to the handover to the selected code division multiple access system.

19. The method according to Example 18, wherein the multiple code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element further include multiple high-speed packet data systems, wherein one or more selected code division multiple access systems among the multiple code division multiple access systems include a selected high-speed packet data system, and wherein routing further includes routing and switching information corresponding to the selected high-speed packet data system.

20. A method according to Example 15, wherein the multiple code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element further include multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems, and wherein one or more requested actions include circuit switching fallback from a long term evolution system to a 1x radio transmission technology system, and wherein routing further includes routing information corresponding to the circuit switching fallback to multiple selected code division multiple access systems.

21. The method according to Example 20, wherein the multiple code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element further include multiple high-speed packet data systems, wherein one or more requested actions further include switching of the packet data session from the long-term evolution system to a selected high-speed packet data system among the multiple high-speed packet data systems, and wherein the routing further includes routing information corresponding to the switching to the selected high-speed packet data system.

22. A method according to Example 15, wherein one or more requested actions include single radio voice call continuity of an Internet Protocol voice call of a user device to a selected code division multiple access system, and wherein the routing also includes routing information corresponding to the single radio voice call continuity to the selected code division multiple access system.

23. The method of example 22, wherein the plurality of code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element further comprises a plurality of 1x radio transmission technology systems, and wherein routing further comprises routing information corresponding to single radio voice call continuity to the selected 1x radio transmission technology system.

24. The method of any of the preceding method examples, wherein routing information further comprises tunneling information to one or more selected code division multiple access systems via a long term evolution system.

25. The method according to any one of the preceding method examples, executed by a mobility management entity in a long term evolution system.

26. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium carrying computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code including code for performing any of the foregoing method examples.

27. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories comprising computer program code, the one or more memories and the computer program code being configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform any of the foregoing method examples.

Example 28. A method comprising: signaling to a user equipment at a network element in a long term evolution system an indication of a mapping of multiple code division multiple access systems to an associated long term evolution system in one or more long term evolution systems; and receiving signaling from the user equipment including one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems selected by the user equipment.

29. The method of example 28, further comprising signaling one or more indications of the one or more selected code division multiple access systems to a second network element in the long term evolution system in response to the receiving.

30. The method according to Example 29 further includes: receiving signaling corresponding to one or more requested actions performed by the user equipment and corresponding to one or more selected code division multiple access systems; and sending the one or more requested actions to the second network element using signaling.

31. The method of example 28, further comprising requesting, via signaling, the user equipment to perform measurements of one or more selected code division multiple access systems.

32. A method according to Example 31, wherein the request is performed in response to signaling received from a second network element in the long term evolution system, the signaling including an indication of at least a 1x radio transmission technology system, and wherein requesting the user equipment via the signaling to perform measurements of one or more selected code division multiple access systems also includes requesting the user equipment via the signaling to perform measurements of the 1x radio transmission technology system.

33. The method of Example 28, wherein the one or more signaled indications include one or both of an indication of a selected 1x radio transmission technology system and an indication of a selected high-speed packet data system, and wherein the method further comprises using the indication to select a CDMA2000 parameter set associated with one or both of the selected 1x radio transmission technology system and the selected high-speed packet data system to send to the user equipment, and sending the CDMA2000 parameter set to the user equipment.

34. The method according to any of the foregoing method examples is performed by a base station in a long term evolution system.

35. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium carrying computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code including code for performing any of the foregoing method examples.

36. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories comprising computer program code, the one or more memories and the computer program code being configured to, together with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform any of the foregoing method examples.

Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software (executed by one or more processors), hardware (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit), or a combination of software and hardware. In an exemplary embodiment, the software (e.g., application logic, an instruction set) is maintained on any of a variety of conventional computer-readable media. In the context of this document, a "computer-readable medium" may be any medium or device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit instructions for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus, such as a computer, and an example of a computer is described and depicted in Figure 1. A computer-readable medium may include a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., memory 125, 155, 195, or other device), which may be any medium or device that can contain or store instructions for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus, such as a computer.

If desired, the different functions discussed herein may be performed in different orders and/or in parallel with each other. In addition, if desired, one or more of the functions described above may be optional or may be combined.

Although various aspects of the invention are set out in the independent claims, further aspects of the invention comprise other combinations of features from the described embodiments and/or dependent claims with features of the independent claims rather than just the combinations explicitly set out in the claims.

It is also noted herein that while the above describes example embodiments of the invention, these descriptions should not be viewed in a limiting sense. Indeed, there are several variations and modifications which may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (23)

1. A communication method, characterized in that it comprises: The user equipment (110) in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system receives a message from a network element (107) in the LTE system, the message identifying at least a plurality of code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3), and the LTE system supports the interoperability of the plurality of code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3). The user equipment (110) selects one of the plurality of code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3); and The user equipment (110) sends one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) to the network element (107) via signaling. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a mapping of the plurality of code division multiple access systems to one or more associated long-term evolution systems in a long-term evolution system, wherein the option further comprises using the mapping to select one of the plurality of code division multiple access systems. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The mapping includes mappings from multiple high-speed packet data systems and 1x radio transmission technology systems to the one or more Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. The options also include selecting a high-speed packet data system and a 1x radio transmission technology system; and Signaling transmission also includes sending to the network element an indication of the selected high-speed packet data system and an indication of the selected 1x radio transmission technology system. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selection further includes selecting the selected 1x radio transmission technology system as a circuit-switched fallback system, and wherein the signaling transmission further includes signaling to the base station an indication of the selected 1x radio transmission system for requesting parameters from the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system for the selected 1x radio transmission system. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising using the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system to perform uplink information transmission involving one of the 1x Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) system or the High Speed Packet Data (HSD) system, the uplink transmission including at least a message indicating which system of the 1x RTT or the HSD system the information involves. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The multiple code division multiple access systems also include multiple high-speed packet data systems; The selection also includes selecting one of the plurality of high-speed packet data systems; and Signaling transmission also includes sending the selected high-speed packet data system to the base station via signaling in the measurement report. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the selection and the signaling transmission are performed as part of a handover to the selected Evolved High Speed Packet Data System. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The multiple code division multiple access systems also include multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems; The selection also includes selecting one of the plurality of 1x radio transmission technology systems; and Signaling also includes sending the selected 1x radio transmission technology system to the base station via signaling in the measurement report. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the selection and the signaling transmission are performed as part of a handover from the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system to the selected 1x radio transmission technology system and as part of a parallel handover to the selected High Speed Packet Data (HSD) system, and wherein the method further comprises the user equipment sending an extended service request to the base station via signaling, the extended service request including an indication of the selected 1x radio transmission technology system. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The multiple code division multiple access systems also include multiple 1x radio transmission technology systems; The selection also includes selecting one of the plurality of 1x radio transmission technology systems; and Signaling also includes sending the selected 1x radio transmission technology system to the base station via signaling in the measurement report. 11. The method of claim 10, performed as part of a single radio voice call continuity for an Internet Protocol voice call to the selected 1x radio transmission technology system. 12. An apparatus for communication, comprising: One or more processors; and Includes one or more memories containing computer program code. The one or more memories and the computer program code are configured, together with the one or more processors, to cause the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-11. 13. A method of communication, characterized in that it comprises: A network element (107) in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) sends a message to a user equipment (110) using signaling. The message identifies at least a plurality of code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3), and the LTE supports the interoperability of the plurality of code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3). The network element (107) receives from the user equipment (110) one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) among the multiple code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) accessed by the network element (107), wherein the one or more selected code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) correspond to one or more service requests made by the user equipment (110) and the selection of the selected code division multiple access system (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) by the user equipment (110); and Information corresponding to the service actions of the one or more selected code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) is routed to the one or more selected code division multiple access systems. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more requested service actions include a pre-registration process with a selected code division multiple access system, and wherein routing further includes routing information corresponding to the pre-registration process to the selected code division multiple access system. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of code division multiple access systems accessed by the network element further include a plurality of 1x radio transmission technology systems and a plurality of high-speed packet data systems, and wherein one or more selected plurality of code division multiple access systems include one of a selected 1x radio transmission technology system or a selected high-speed packet data system. 16. An apparatus for communication, comprising: One or more processors; and Includes one or more memories containing computer program code. The one or more memories and the computer program code are configured, together with the one or more processors, to cause the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 13-15. 17. A method of communication, characterized in that it comprises: At a network element (107) in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, signaling is used to send an indication to the user equipment (110) via signaling of a mapping between multiple Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) and associated LTE systems in one or more LTE systems; and Receive signaling from the user equipment (110) including one or more indications of one or more selected code division multiple access systems (140-1, 140-2, 140-3) selected by the user equipment (110). 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising, in response to the reception, sending by signaling the one or more indications of the selected code division multiple access system to the second network element in the Long Term Evolution system. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: Receive signaling corresponding to one or more service actions requested by a user equipment and to the one or more selected code division multiple access systems; and The service action of sending one or more requests to the second network element via signaling. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising requesting the user equipment via signaling to perform measurements of the one or more selected code division multiple access systems. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the request is executed in response to signaling received from a second network element in the Long Term Evolution system, the signaling including an indication of at least a 1x radio transmission technology system, and wherein requesting the user equipment to perform measurements of the one or more selected code division multiple access systems via signaling further includes requesting the user equipment to perform measurements of the 1x radio transmission technology system via signaling. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein one or more of the indications transmitted by signaling include one or both of an indication of a selected 1x radio transmission technology system and an indication of a selected high-speed packet data system, and wherein the method further includes using the indications to select a CDMA2000 parameter set associated with one or both of the selected 1x radio transmission technology system and the selected high-speed packet data system for transmission to the user equipment, and transmitting the CDMA2000 parameter set to the user equipment. 23. An apparatus for communication, comprising: One or more processors; and One or more memories, including computer program code The one or more memories and the computer program code are configured, together with the one or more processors, to cause the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 17-22.