HK1206089B - Oscillating piston engine with polygonal piston - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine according to the invention has an engine housing (13) which has the shape of a regular dodecagon. A piston (22) of the same shape moves therein with a circulating pivoting movement about the axis of a main shaft (48). The piston (22) is guided in parallel about said rotational centre by three synchronously rotating crankshafts (23). By way of said pivoting movement, the piston (22) brings about the four strokes of an Otto or diesel engine in each case consecutively in six combustion chambers (1-6). By way of fixedly attached gearwheels (46), the three crankshafts (23) are in permanent engagement with a sun gear (47) which is seated fixedly on a main shaft (48) and drives the latter.

Description

Oscillating piston engine with polygonal pistons

Technical Field

The invention relates to a swing piston machine with a polygonal piston.

Background

In form, this oscillating piston machine is similar to the disclosed Wankel rotary piston engine, except that only the combustion chamber is functionally moving. The present invention is an improvement over the inventive content disclosed by the same inventor under CH 555470, so that the prior art that was first thought was such that it existed in the previous patent specification over time.

Disclosure of Invention

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a rocking piston engine having a polygonal piston and a housing of the same shape as the piston and having an internal chamber with a regular polygonal axial cross-section, wherein: the oscillating piston engine comprises a main shaft on which a central wheel is fixedly supported and which transmits three planet wheels, on each of which a crankshaft is supported, which drives a piston in a circular oscillating movement by means of parallel guidance about the main shaft, the main shaft being the output shaft of the engine, the polygonal interior space of the housing being functionally divided into six combustion chambers, namely a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, a third combustion chamber, a fourth combustion chamber, a fifth combustion chamber and a sixth combustion chamber, wherein each combustion chamber has an inlet opening and an outlet opening, namely the first combustion chamber has a first inlet opening and a first outlet opening, the second combustion chamber has a second inlet opening and a second outlet opening, the third combustion chamber has a third inlet opening and a third outlet opening, and the fourth combustion chamber has a fourth inlet opening and a fourth outlet opening, the fifth combustion chamber has a fifth intake opening and a fifth exhaust opening, and the sixth combustion chamber has a sixth intake opening and a sixth exhaust opening, wherein three overlapping double wings each sliding longitudinally in a matching radial groove of the piston and sealing off the polygonal interior space of the housing tangentially with sealing strips, wherein the two partial wings of one of the double wings are always connected by means of essentially radially aligned rods, the piston in each combustion chamber in the tangentially encircling groove carries a sealing strip which seals off the combustion chamber radially inwards, and wherein a disk-shaped balancing weight which encircles the transmission part of the engine and can be moved by means of three cams, is provided, so that the eccentricity of the piston can be statically and dynamically balanced at each position of the piston.

In a second aspect of the invention, there is a compressed air supply device which is capable of supplying the engine with mist-moistened compressed air so that all moving parts and their sliding surfaces can always run lubricated against each other, and the unconsumed lubricating oil can collect in a plurality of channels from which it can be redistributed by the piston.

In a third aspect of the invention, the following steps, carried out in succession, apply for each single combustion chamber: a first combustion chamber: the first air inlet and the first air outlet are opened, pressurized fresh air enters the first combustion chamber from the first air inlet, and the burnt mixed gas in the first combustion chamber is discharged to enable re-combustion to be possible; then filling the first combustion chamber with fresh air, the second combustion chamber: the second exhaust hole is closed, and the second air inlet hole is closed later; during this period there is also a flow of fresh air under pressure into the volume of the second combustion chamber; volume reduction, start of compression, third combustion chamber: the third air inlet hole and the third air outlet hole are continuously closed; volume continues to decrease, fourth combustion chamber: the volume of the fourth combustion chamber is compressed to the maximum degree, and fuel is injected; now firing, the fifth and sixth combustion chambers: continuing to expand the combustible gas; the sixth exhaust hole is opened to establish exhaust pressure, and the sixth intake hole for fresh air is also opened after a short time; and carrying out a secondary combustion process.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, in order to avoid the occurrence of the backfire phenomenon, the exhaust ports of the first to sixth combustion chambers are disposed on the two exhaust manifolds such that the first to third exhaust ports are disposed on one exhaust manifold and the fourth to sixth exhaust ports are disposed on the other exhaust manifold.

Drawings

The present disclosure is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figure:

figure 1 is a cross-sectional view through the engine casing partially open from the combustion chamber side,

figure 2 shows the same cross-section from the opposite side,

fig. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view through the engine.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is an axial section through the casing of an engine according to the invention, in which six combustion chambers 1-6 of the engine can be seen. Each of the combustion chambers 1-6 is delimited by a sector 7-12 of the casing of the engine, indicated with 13, corresponding to the piston ring of a petrol or diesel engine of conventional design, and is sealed on the inside by a sealing strip 14, 14a, which is separated from the combustion chamber by a partial wing of the double wing 15-20 and a sealing strip 21. The ends of the sealing strips 14, 14a, 21, 21a are, for example, quench-hardened as a result of mechanical wear. The main component, here represented diagrammatically, is the piston 22, which also achieves a variable volume and definition of the combustion chambers 1-6, which is guided in parallel by the crankshaft 23, carrying the piston 22 in a circumferential oscillation and thus the variable volume of the combustion chambers 1-6.

The three crankshafts 23 are each connected in a fixed manner to a planet wheel 46, which rotates about a central wheel 47. On the drive side, a pressure-circulating oil supply lubrication system is used to lubricate and cool the crankshaft bearings which are subjected to large loads. Excess oil is returned to the oil circulation via return line 49.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the opposite side of fig. 1. Hatched is a surface 24 of the piston 22 which is in sliding constant contact with the chamber wall of the housing 13 and therefore needs to be lubricated. Openings 53 for fresh lubricating oil are provided at regular intervals on the surface 24 of the piston 22 and in the radial groove 22a, the lubricating oil being injected from the openings under pressure in a defined dose. By means of the pivoting movement of the piston 22, the piston or the partial wings 15-20 successively open partially covered inlet openings 25-30 and outlet openings 31-36 of the combustion chambers 1-6 in succession in the cycle of this movement.

The three double-winged partial wings 15-20 are rigidly joined together in pairs by means of optional rods or slats 15 a. The partial wing plates are axially staggered with respect to the axis of the engine so that the double wing plates can move unimpeded.

The four strokes of the gasoline and diesel engines will be described next in connection with combustion chambers 1-6:

combustion chamber 1: the intake hole 25 and the exhaust hole 31 are opened. Pressurized fresh air enters the combustion chamber 1 from the air inlet hole 25, and burnt mixed gas in the combustion chamber 1 is discharged; at the same time, the combustion chamber 1 is refilled with fresh air.

The combustion chamber 2: the intake and exhaust holes 26, 32 are closed; the volume of the combustion chamber 2 is reduced.

The combustion chamber 3: the two openings 27 and 33 continue to close; the volume of the combustion chamber 3 continues to decrease.

The combustion chamber 4: the volume of the combustion chamber 4 is compressed to the maximum extent. Depending on the engine type of the gasoline/diesel engine, fuel is now injected and then ignited. Spark or glow plugs are not shown because their location may be affected by design measures.

Combustion chambers 5, 6: working stroke: the stroke and the extension into the combustion chamber 1 start directly after the end of the ignition process. Since the piston 22 has no rest condition and therefore no dead point, the working stroke can be freely extended; thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the fuel and reducing the emission of harmful substances.

The combustible gas continues to expand. The inlet opening 30 for fresh air is opened; and carrying out a secondary combustion process.

The combustion chambers 1 to 6 are described in succession, but simultaneously in time segments in the combustion chambers 1 to 6.

In order to avoid the occurrence of backfiring in the combustion chambers, the exhaust pipes of the combustion chambers 1, 3, 5 and the exhaust pipes of the combustion chambers 2, 4, 6 are laid on separate exhaust manifolds, respectively.

The injection of fuel mentioned is performed by having a state of the art injection pump. The engine is started by compressed air from the compressed air storage tank, and fuel injection is not performed first until the engine reaches a number of revolutions at which it can run by itself.

Fig. 3 shows an axial section through the piston 22, which functionally illustrates only one piston and which can be formed by a twelve-cornered disk in shape. The disc, also called piston 22, is caused to oscillate, guided once through 360 by three crankshafts 23 during the four strokes of each combustion chamber 1-6 and carrying laterally together three double wings 15-20 which extend into slots 22a of piston 22, so that the double wings bring the pistons together in an oscillating movement only on the side of the engine chamber in the projection area, in which projection the double wings 15-20 always remain upright. Three planet wheels 46 are in constant mesh with a central wheel 47, on each of which three crankshafts 23 are fixedly mounted, which is fixedly mounted on a main shaft 48. The main shaft 48 is an output shaft of the engine according to the present invention.

The outer ends of the double wings 15-20 are moved back and forth over the entire length of the partial flanks 37-43 of the inner chamber during the cyclic rotation of the piston 22, sealing the combustion chambers 1-6 against each other by means of the inserted sealing strip 21a and the sealing strip 21 extending in the longitudinal direction of the partial wings. The sealing strips 14 arranged radially in the piston 22 seal the combustion chambers 1-6 against the engine centre direction together with the sealing strips 14a arranged perpendicularly to the engine.

Lubrication takes place by means of an oil mist which is generated and conveyed by means of fresh air which enters under pressure. Since there is always a high pressure in the combustion chambers 1-6, no lubricating oil can enter these combustion chambers. Due to the inevitable leakage flow, oil mist is expelled from all combustion chambers into the centre of the engine, from where it is sucked out through the openings 50 and into the container for circulating oil for re-use. The laterally introduced lubricating oil is mixed after the engine has been lubricated into a leakage air mist and is sucked off by the following continuous straight-through lubrication compressor and separated for reuse in a compressed air tank.

It is also shown here how this is to keep the balance: the transmission part surrounding the engine is of a disc-shaped structure. This is a balance weight 45, driven by a planet gear 46 and an eccentric 44. Therefore, the engine can be not only statically balanced but also dynamically balanced. The radial alignment orientation of the balancing weight 45 is always precisely opposite to the orientation of the piston 22 by the position of the eccentric 44. Because each weight performs a circular motion, i.e., the weight of the piston 22 and the weight of the non-central portion of the balance weight 45 are always the same size and, in addition, are a constant distance from the center of the main shaft 48, a constant moment of inertia is created. Thereby achieving dynamic balance; possible deviations in the characteristics of the manufacturer can be eliminated by subsequent processing item by item. This is easier to do when the disc of the balancing weight 45 does not touch other parts of the engine at any place except in its central part.

In principle, the engine according to the invention is lubricated by the oil mist moistening the fresh air. For this purpose, fresh air is compressed in a compressor and is accumulated with lubricating oil in the form of an oil mist before being passed into the engine. Partition 51 may separate the lubrication system in the engine area. The surface 24 of the piston 22 is in principle lubricated because it is in constant contact with the piston 22 and part of the wings 15-20; the same is true of the sides and faces of the double wing panels 15-20. The channels 52 collect the locally excess oil for redistribution in the region of the piston 22. The excess oil was drained, filtered, and returned to the circulating oil vessel.

Other advantages of the engine according to the invention are:

all sliding surfaces are flat: the structure of the manufacturing process is simple,

-the absence of a valve,

simple and precise control of the outlet and inlet openings by a play-free sliding of the piston and the flank,

the engine according to the invention is free of low-temperature zones and high-temperature zones; the generated heat is evenly distributed around the periphery,

static and dynamic balancing of the engine moving parts,

the transmission mechanism is not overloaded due to dead points, so that the exhaust vent can be subsequently opened,

the design of the starting revolution can be adjusted by the size of the planet,

due to the continuous overpressure of the chamber, there is no piston-alternating load,

-starting the engine with compressed air.

Claims (4)

1. A rocking piston engine with a polygonal piston (22) and a housing (13) of the same shape as the piston (22) and having an internal cavity with a regular polygonal axial cross-section, characterized in that it comprises: a main shaft (48) on which a central wheel (47) is fixedly mounted and which transmits three planet wheels (46), on each of which a crankshaft (23) is mounted, which drives a piston (22) in a circumferential oscillating movement by means of a parallel guidance about the main shaft (48), the main shaft (48) being the output shaft of the engine,

wherein the polygonal inner cavity of the housing (13) is functionally divided into six combustion chambers (1-6), namely a first combustion chamber (1), a second combustion chamber (2), a third combustion chamber (3), a fourth combustion chamber (4), a fifth combustion chamber (5) and a sixth combustion chamber (6),

wherein each combustion chamber (1-6) has one intake opening (25-30) and one exhaust opening (31-36), i.e. the first combustion chamber (1) has a first intake opening (25) and a first exhaust opening (31), the second combustion chamber (2) has a second intake opening (26) and a second exhaust opening (32), the third combustion chamber (3) has a third intake opening (27) and a third exhaust opening (33), the fourth combustion chamber (4) has a fourth intake opening (28) and a fourth exhaust opening (34), the fifth combustion chamber (5) has a fifth intake opening (29) and a fifth exhaust opening (35), and the sixth combustion chamber (6) has a sixth intake opening (30) and a sixth exhaust opening (36),

-wherein there are three double wings, each of which is composed of two partial wings overlapping each other, each longitudinally slidable in a cooperating radial groove (22a) of the piston (22), and which seal the polygonal internal cavity of the housing (13) with a sealing strip (21) in the tangential direction, wherein the two partial wings of each of the double wings are always connected by means of rods (15a, 17a, 19a) arranged substantially radially,

wherein the piston (22) carries a sealing strip (14) in each combustion chamber (1-6) in a tangentially running groove (14a), which seals the combustion chamber (1-6) radially inwards and seals it

Wherein a disk-shaped balancing weight (45) surrounds the transmission part of the engine and can be moved by means of three eccentrics (44), which are arranged in such a way that the eccentricity of the piston (22) can be statically and dynamically balanced in each position of the piston (22).

2. The oscillating piston engine of claim 1, characterized in that:

-a compressed air supply device which is capable of supplying the engine with mist-moistened compressed air so that all moving parts and their sliding surfaces can always run lubricated against each other, and from which unconsumed lubricating oil can be redistributed by the piston (22) to a plurality of channels (52) in which unconsumed lubricating oil collects.

3. The oscillating piston engine of claim 1, characterized in that:

the following steps, carried out in succession, apply for each single combustion chamber (1-6):

first combustion chamber (1): the first air inlet hole (25) and the first air outlet hole (31) are opened, fresh air with pressure enters the first combustion chamber (1) from the first air inlet hole (25), and burnt mixed gas in the first combustion chamber (1) is discharged to enable re-combustion to be possible; the first combustion chamber (1) is then filled with fresh air,

second combustion chamber (2): the second exhaust hole (32) is closed, and the second intake hole (26) is closed later; during this period, fresh air flows into the volume of the second combustion chamber (2) under the action of pressure; the volume is reduced, the compression is started,

third combustion chamber (3): the third air inlet hole (27) and the third exhaust hole (33) are continuously closed; the volume continues to decrease and the volume is reduced,

fourth combustion chamber (4): the volume of the fourth combustion chamber (4) is compressed to the maximum extent, and fuel is injected; now the ignition is carried out and,

fifth combustion chamber (5) and sixth combustion chamber (6): continuing to expand the combustible gas; the sixth outlet opening (36) is opened in order to build up an outlet pressure, and the sixth inlet opening (30) for fresh air is also opened after a short time; and carrying out a secondary combustion process.

4. The oscillating piston engine of claim 1, characterized in that:

in order to avoid backfiring, the outlet openings of the first to sixth combustion chambers are arranged on the two exhaust manifolds in such a way that the first to third outlet openings are arranged on one exhaust manifold and the fourth to sixth outlet openings are arranged on the other exhaust manifold.