HK1250868B - Identifying victims and aggressors in full duplex communication systems - Google Patents

Description

Identifying victims and interferers in full-duplex communication systems

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of electronic communications. More particularly, various aspects generally relate to identifying victims and aggressors in a full-duplex communication system.

Background Art

Conventional wireless systems are half-duplex, where uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions are performed in orthogonal time resources (time division duplex (TDD)) or orthogonal frequency resources (frequency division duplex (FDD)).

One way to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of a wireless system is to use a full-duplex transmitter and receiver that transmits and receives at the same time and frequency. A full-duplex system operating under ideal conditions doubles the spectral efficiency of a conventional half-duplex system for both downlink and uplink signals. However, in practice, due to the simultaneous transmission and reception (STR), additional interfering signals are introduced into a full-duplex communication system, which may cause interference between adjacent base stations and between adjacent wireless devices (WDs), also known as user equipment (UEs). Therefore, techniques for identifying victims and sources of interference in a full-duplex communication system may be useful, for example, for electronic devices in electronic communication systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used in different drawings to indicate similar or identical items.

1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of an example full-duplex communication system according to various examples discussed herein.

2 is a schematic block diagram illustration of functional components of a wireless device according to various examples discussed herein.

3 is a flow diagram illustrating high-level operations in a method of identifying downlink victims of interference, according to various examples discussed herein.

4 is a diagram illustrating interference contributions from uplink interference sources according to various examples discussed herein.

5 is a flow diagram illustrating high-level operations in a method of identifying downlink victims of interference, according to various examples discussed herein.

FIG6 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a wireless network according to one or more example embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG7 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a 3GPP LTE network according to one or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

8 and 9 are schematic block diagrams illustrating radio interface protocol structures between a UE and an eNodeB based on a 3GPP type wireless access network standard, respectively, according to one or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG10 is a schematic block diagram illustration of an information processing system according to one or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

11 is an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the information handling system of FIG. 10 , which may optionally include a touch screen, according to one or more embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG12 is a schematic block diagram illustration of components of a wireless device according to one or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

It should be understood that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, the elements shown in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. In addition, where deemed appropriate, reference numerals are repeated between the drawings to indicate corresponding and/or similar elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of each example. However, each example can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, processes, components, and circuits are not described in detail so as not to obscure the specific examples. In addition, various means (e.g., integrated semiconductor circuits ("hardware"), computer-readable instructions organized as one or more programs ("software"), or some combination of hardware and software) can be used to perform various aspects of the examples. For the purposes of this disclosure, references to "logic" shall mean hardware, software, or some combination thereof.

References throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Additionally, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as necessarily preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

The various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations in a manner that is sequential and most helpful for understanding the claimed subject matter. However, the order of description should not be construed as implying that the operations are necessarily order-dependent. In particular, the operations need not be performed in the order presented. The described operations may be performed in an order different from that of the described embodiment. Various additional operations may be performed and/or the described operations may be omitted in additional embodiments.

As briefly described above, a full-duplex communication system that supports simultaneous transmission and reception in the same frequency at the same time can potentially double spectral efficiency. However, a full-duplex communication system introduces interference between its transmit and receive chains. Furthermore, full-duplex systems in cellular networks are characterized by a complex interference environment, including base-station-to-base-station interference in uplink receivers and interference between user equipments (which may be referred to herein as UE-to-UE interference in downlink receivers).

In cellular communication systems (e.g., LTE), user equipment transmitting uplink signals generates traditional co-channel interference with other uplink signals in other cells. Furthermore, in full-duplex cellular systems, uplink signals can cause interference (i.e., interference between user equipment) with downlink signals, especially nearby downlink signals. This interference can corrupt the victim downlink signal.

In some examples, when two or more user equipments are close to each other and at the cell edge, the interference between the user equipments deteriorates. In this position, the downlink signal received is typically very weak. In contrast, the user equipment near the cell edge is sent at a level close to the maximum output power, therefore generating interference between the user equipments. Therefore, the quality of service parameters are particularly vulnerable to the severe performance degradation caused by the interference between the user equipments in high-density indoor environments (e.g., cafeterias, airports, stadiums, etc.). In addition, the stationary user equipment in these environments is likely to continuously transmit/receive for a long period of time, so that the service is interrupted due to strong interference. It is necessary to correctly handle this service interruption caused by the interference between the user equipments to obtain the benefits of full-duplex capability.

In order to implement measures for correcting or at least compensating for interference in a full-duplex communication system, it is necessary to first identify the communication link that is the victim of the interference and the source of the interference, i.e., whether the interference is generated by the base station or by another user equipment. In addition, if the interference is generated by the user equipment, the source of the interference (i.e., the source of the interference) must be identified.

The subject matter disclosed herein provides a technique for identifying victim downlink user equipment and identifying uplink interference sources for interference between user equipment in a full-duplex communication system. In one aspect, it can be determined whether the downlink UE is primarily affected by UE-to-UE interference or by inter-cell interference from other base stations. In order to provide a robust control channel region, most full-duplex cellular communication systems do not utilize full-duplex technology in the control channel region. Uplink data transmission does not overlap with the downlink control channel region. Therefore, the downlink control channel region only experiences inter-cell downlink interference, while the downlink data channel region experiences both inter-cell downlink interference and UE-to-UE interference. In one aspect, the difference between the control channel region and the data channel region can be used to determine whether the downlink at a user equipment is under overwhelming UE-to-UE interference. In another aspect, the uplink interference source can be identified from a pool of possible intra-cell and inter-cell uplink interference source candidates.

Additional features and characteristics of these techniques and communication systems that may include the techniques are described below with reference to FIGs. 1-12.

FIG1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplary full-duplex communication system 100, along with useful signals and signals that generate interference associated with the system 100. The system 100 includes a plurality of cells 101, only three of which are shown and represented by hexagons. Each cell 101 may have one or more sectors, which are represented as diamonds within the hexagon. It should be understood that the cells 101 and/or sectors, respectively, can and do have shapes other than hexagons or diamonds. Each cell 101 includes at least one base station (BS) 102. A plurality of wireless devices (WDs) 103 may be located throughout the system 100, but only two WDs are shown.

The base station 102 may be embodied as, but not limited to, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB), a macrocell base station, a picocell base station, a femtocell base station, etc. The wireless device 103 may be embodied as, but not limited to, a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a machine-to-machine type (M2M type) device, a user terminal equipment (CPE), a user equipment (UE), a notebook type computer, a tablet type device, a cellular phone, a smart type device, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, an information processing system, etc., as described herein.

At 104, a useful downlink (DL) signal from BS 102 to WD 103 is indicated. At 105, a useful uplink (UL) signal from WD 103 to BS 102 is indicated. For a half-duplex system, downlink signal 104 generated by BS 102 for WD 103 connected to the BS generates interference signal 106 to be received at WD 103 not connected to the BS. Similarly, uplink signal 105 generated by WD 103 generates interference signal 107 to be received at BS 102 to which the WD is not connected. Interference signals 106 and 107 are represented by dashed lines in FIG1 .

In addition to the interference signals 106 and 107 generated in a half-duplex system, a full-duplex system will also include two new interference signals generated by simultaneous transmission and reception (STR). Specifically, when one WD is transmitting an uplink signal to its home BS while the other WD is receiving a downlink signal from its home BS, a WD-WD interference signal 108 will be observed. The new second interference signal generated by the STR will be a BS-BS interference signal 109, which will be observed when one BS is transmitting a downlink signal to the WD while the other BS is receiving an uplink signal from the WD.

FIG2 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless device (WD) 200 according to the subject matter disclosed herein. Wireless device 200 includes a receiver portion 210, a transmitter portion 220, a processing portion 230, an antenna 240, and a power controller 250. Receiver portion 210 and transmitter portion 220 are coupled to processing portion 230 and one or more antennas 240 in a well-known manner. In some examples, an uplink noise plus interference level ( _N1 + _I1 ) is received from a base station (e.g., base station 102) by antenna 240 and receiver portion 210 via open-loop or closed-loop feedback techniques. Processing portion 230 extracts _N1 + _I1 at the home base station received from the home base station. _N1 + _I1 information is passed to power controller 250 along with gain _G1 information and SINR _Target information. Gain _G1 information can be (approximately) calculated based on the half-duplex DL signal-to-interference ratio and the full-duplex DL signal-to-UE-to-UE interference ratio. The power controller 250 coupled to the transmitter section 220 controls the UL transmission power output from the transmitter section 220 .

FIG3 is a flow chart illustrating high-level operations in a method for identifying a downlink victim of interference according to various examples discussed herein. In some examples, the operations depicted in FIG3 can be implemented by a processing device embedded in a network node, such as a processor in a base station (e.g., one of base stations 102 depicted in FIG1). In an LTE network, the base station can be embodied as an eNB that allows simultaneous transmission on the downlink and reception on the uplink.

In an LTE network without significant UE-to-UE interference, UEs near the cell edge can achieve the guaranteed minimum throughput most of the time. If an LTE BS detects a service outage in a piece of user equipment (UE) it is serving, the eNB can take action to determine the possible cause of the service outage. Specifically, for an eNB aware of the potential for UE-to-UE interference, the eNB can implement a detection process to determine whether a UE is experiencing overwhelming UE-to-UE interference and from which UE.

In some examples, a full-duplex cellular system can utilize a frame structure in which the downlink control signal region is always orthogonal to both the uplink data region and the downlink data region in the same cell, and the downlink data region can overlap with the uplink data region. This ensures robust transmission of downlink control signals from the eNB to the UE. Consequently, the downlink control channel does not experience interference from uplink UEs, but does experience interference from other eNBs, similar to a half-duplex communication system.

3 , an eNB serving a UE may detect a quality of service interruption in a UE downlink at operation 310. For example, the quality of service interruption may be detected by receiving multiple consecutive NACKs or by receiving a reported low CQI.

At operation 315, the eNB serving the UE may instruct the UE to measure its control channel reference signal power (RSRP) on resource elements used for control channel symbols and the RSRP levels of neighboring cells at the control symbols. The path loss from the serving eNB and from the neighboring eNBs may be derived from the UE's RSRP measurements and the known transmission power of the downlink reference signal (RS) broadcast by the eNB. Once the path loss is known, the received power spectral density (PSD) of the eNB and the neighboring eNBs is also known.

At operation 320, the eNB determines a parameter SINR_minPDCCH corresponding to a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of a control channel. In one example, the parameter is determined using the following formula:

Formula 1:

Where N is the total number of eNBs considered, including the serving cell (cell 0). P0, P1, ... PN-1 are the psd (average power obtained within RE and normalized to the subcarrier spacing) of the serving cell and the neighboring interfering cells (cells 1, 2, ..., N-1) among the N cells measured at the serving cell PDCCH RS area. The sum models the interference from all cells. Since the denominator is implemented by assuming that all interfering BSs are at full load, SINR_minPDCCH represents the minimum SINR for data channel transmission when there is only interference from neighboring downlink transmissions. Therefore, SINR_minPDCCH can be used as a threshold for determining whether a downlink UE is in additional UE-to-UE interference.

At operation 325, the eNB determines a parameter SINR_minPDSCH corresponding to the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the physical downlink shared channel. Assuming that P _{0_pdsch} , P _{1_pdsch} , ... PN _{-1_pdsch} are the received power spectral densities (psd) of the serving cell and the neighboring interfering cell among the N cells measured at the serving cell PDSCH RS area (the average power obtained within the RE and normalized to the subcarrier spacing), the following formula can be used to determine SINR_PDSCH:

Formula 2:

At operation 330, it is determined whether the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the physical downlink shared channel (SINR_minPDSCH) is less than the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the control channel (SINR_minPDCCH) minus an offset (which is a tunable factor). If, at operation 330, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the physical downlink shared channel (SINR_minPDSCH) is less than the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the control channel (SINR_minPDCCH) minus the offset, control proceeds to operation 335, and the eNB determines that the victim UE is a victim of UE-to-UE interference from the interferer UE.

In contrast, if at operation 330, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the physical downlink shared channel (SINR_minPDSCH) is not less than the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the control channel (SINR_minPDCCH) minus the offset, control proceeds to operation 335, and the eNB determines that the victim UE is a victim of downlink interference from the neighboring cell.

Thus, the operations in FIG3 enable a base station (e.g., an eNB) to classify an interference victim as either a victim of UE-to-UE interference from one or more nearby UE devices or a victim of downlink interference from one or more base stations in one or more neighboring cells. If the base station determines that the interference victim is a victim of downlink interference, the base station may implement a process for identifying an uplink interference source that is generating UE-to-UE interference. One method for performing this operation will be explained with reference to FIG4 and FIG5.

5 , at operation 510, an eNB that detects UE-to-UE interference commands the UE to report a subband channel quality indicator (CQI) and requests neighboring interfering eNBs to provide bitmaps of their respective uplink physical resource blocks (PRB) states. At operation 515, the serving eNB receives a PRB bitmap Mi from the neighboring interfering eNB, where Mi = [m1, m2, .. mNprb] is a UL PRB pattern collected by the eNB from interfering cells i = 2, ..., M and its own cell i = 1, wherein elements of Mi have values of 1 or 0, where a value of "1" indicates that UL transmission uses the corresponding UL PRB, and a value of "0" indicates that UL transmission does not use the corresponding UL PRB.

Once the eNB receives the subband CQI, it begins processing by mapping the CQI into an interference bitmap vector I_CQI=[I ₁ , I ₂ , ..., I _NPRB ], where an element value of "0" indicates no interference and "1" if interference is present. Therefore, at operation 510, the serving eNB initializes the vector I _TOT [1...N] to zero and sets N_EVALPERIOD=0.

The process then enters a loop defined by operations 520-530, wherein, at operation 520, it is determined whether the number of time periods evaluated, N_EVALPERIOD, is less than a threshold (N_REQPERIOD) defining the minimum number of time periods required to generate a full data set. In some examples, the threshold N_REQPERIOD can be a fixed number of time periods, while in other examples, the threshold can be dynamically set based on one or more operational thresholds of the network. In some examples, the threshold can be set differently based on the scheduler implementation (e.g., semi-permanent, permanent, or dynamic) or deployment scenario (indoor semi-static or outdoor high mobility, etc.).

If, at operation 520, N_EVALPERIOD is less than N_REQPERIOD, control proceeds to operation 525, and the serving eNB maps the CQI to I_CQI = [I ₁ , I ₂ , ..., I _NPRB ] and sets a weighting factor vector W = [W ₁ , W ₂ ... W _NPRB ] for each reporting interval. FIG4 is a diagram of interference contributions. Because the top timeline of the victim UE shows the location of the PRB (or subband) of the interfered UE based on the CQI report, all of these locations have an element 1 in the corresponding I_cqi vector. The other timelines indicate the location of the PRB interference to the victim UE from uplink interferers in cells 1, 2, and 3. Note that different interferers from different cells can overlap in PRB locations (e.g., interferers in cells 2 and 3 in FIG2 ), but different interferers in the same cell can only have different PRB locations due to the orthogonality of uplink UE locations within the cell.

At operation 530, for each eNB I=[1...N], the eNB determines the total interference contribution using equation (3)

Formula 3: I _toti =I _toti +([i) _cqiweighted ] ^t *M _i

For i=1, ..., M, where _Icqiweighted represents a weighted version of I_cqi, i.e., the i-th element is _Icqi[i] *Wi, where W=[W1, W2, ..., WNPRB] is an adjustable weighting factor vector. W can be used to represent different levels of interference at different PRBs derived from the CQI feedback values (reflected in FIG4 as the various heights of the bars at different PRB bands). The eNB increments the evaluation period (N_evalPeriod=N_evalPeriod+1), and control then returns to operation 520. Thus, the operations in the loop defined by operations 520-530 generate weighted interference values for all interference measurements acting on the victim.

If, at operation 520, the required number of evaluation periods has been met, control proceeds to operation 540, where a determination is made as to whether the weighted interference value I _{tot_i} exceeds a threshold interference value Thre_interference. In some examples, the threshold Thre_interference may be static. In other examples, the threshold Thre_interference may be dynamically set in response to operating conditions of the communication network. For example, the threshold may be set based on statistical knowledge of the total interference in the network (e.g., to a 50% percentage).

If the weighted interference value is not greater than the threshold at operation 540, control proceeds to operation 525 and the process terminates without finding an interference source. In contrast, if the weighted interference value is greater than the threshold at operation 540, control proceeds to operation 530 and the serving eNB requests one or more of the neighboring eNBs to identify its interference source. Because each interference source UE candidate has a unique UL PRB allocation pattern in a cell and the interference source UE may have little power headroom (PHR), the serving eNB to which the interference source belongs can identify the specific interference source. If the interference source belongs to the serving eNB (i=1), the eNB can easily identify it because it has all the information of the UL PRB and the PHR information of its own cell. In contrast, if the interference source belongs to a neighboring eNB (i!=1), the serving eNB can notify the neighboring party of the interference pattern during the evaluation interval (e.g., via the X2 interface), and the neighboring eNB can then identify the interference source.

At operation 555, in response to the request, the neighboring eNBs that received the request scan their respective uplink PRB allocations (and optionally, their PHR information) to identify one or more interference sources that may be generating interference to the victim.

Optionally, at operation 560, once one or more interference sources have been identified, one or more interference mitigation procedures may be implemented. For example, the scheduler may use the interference source information to orthogonally schedule the DL and UL PRBs of the victim and interference source UEs to avoid interference. Alternatively or additionally, the scheduler may reduce the UL transmission power of the interference source UE. Other measures may also be implemented.

FIG6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless network 600 according to one or more exemplary embodiments disclosed herein. One or more elements of wireless network 600 may be capable of implementing methods for identifying victims and interference sources according to the subject matter disclosed herein. As shown in FIG6 , network 600 may be an Internet Protocol (IP) type network, such as an Internet type network 610 capable of supporting mobile wireless access and/or fixed wireless access to the Internet 610.

In one or more examples, the network 600 can operate according to the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) standard or a future generation of WiMAX, and in a specific example, can be compliant with an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16-based standard (e.g., IEEE 802.16e) or an IEEE 802.11-based standard (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n standards), etc. In one or more alternative examples, the network 600 can be compliant with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE), the 3GPP2 Air Interface Evolution (3GPP2AIE) standard, and/or the 3GPP LTE-Advanced standard. In general, network 600 may include any type of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA-based) wireless network (e.g., a WiMAX-compliant network, a Wi-Fi Alliance-compliant network, a digital subscriber line type (DSL-type) network, an asymmetric digital subscriber line type (ADSL-type) network, an ultra-wideband (UWB)-compliant network, a wireless universal serial bus (USB)-compliant network, a 4th generation (4G) type network, etc.), and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

As an example of mobile wireless access, an access service network (ASN) 612 can be coupled with a base station (BS) 614 to provide wireless communications between a subscriber station (SS) 616 (also referred to herein as a wireless terminal) and the Internet 610. In one example, the subscriber station 616 can include a mobile-type device or information processing system (e.g., a notebook-type computer, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant, an M2M-type device, etc.) capable of wireless communications via the network 600. In another example, the subscriber station can provide uplink transmit power control techniques according to the subject matter disclosed herein to reduce interference experienced by other wireless devices. The ASN 612 can implement profiles that can define the mapping of network functions to one or more physical entities on the network 600. The base station 614 can include radio equipment to provide radio frequency (RF) communications with the subscriber station 616 and can include, for example, physical layer (PHY) and access control (MAC) layer equipment compliant with IEEE 802.16e-type standards. Base station 614 may also include an IP backplane to couple to Internet 610 via ASN 612, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

The network 600 may also include a visited connectivity service network (CSN) 624 that can provide one or more network functions, including but not limited to proxy and/or relay type functions (e.g., authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) functions, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) functions, or domain name service control, etc.), domain gateways (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN) gateways or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) gateways), and/or internet protocol type (IP type) server functions, etc. However, these are merely examples of the types of functions that a visited CSN or home CSN 626 can provide, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

Visited CSN 624 may be referred to as a visited CSN if, for example, visited CSN 624 is not part of the regular service provider for subscriber station 616 (e.g., subscriber station 616 is roaming away from its home CSN (e.g., home CSN 626)), or if network 600 is part of the regular service provider for the subscriber station, but network 600 may be in another location or state that is not the primary or home location for subscriber station 616.

In a fixed wireless arrangement, WiMAX type customer premises equipment (CPE) 622 may be located in a home or business to provide the home or business user with broadband access to the Internet 610 via a base station 620, an ASN 618, and a home CSN 626 in a manner similar to how a subscriber station 616 accesses via a base station 614, an ASN 612, and a visited CSN 624, with the difference that, for example, the WiMAX CPE 622 is typically deployed in a fixed location, but it may be moved to different locations as needed, whereas a subscriber station 616 may be utilized at one or more locations if it is within range of a base station 614.

It should be noted that CPE 622 need not necessarily include WiMAX type terminals and may include other types of terminals or devices compliant with one or more standards or protocols discussed herein, for example, and may generally include fixed or mobile devices. Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, CPE 622 is capable of providing uplink transmit power control techniques that reduce interference experienced at other wireless devices in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein.

According to one or more examples, operations support system (OSS) 628 can be part of network 600 to provide management functions for network 600 and to provide interfaces between functional entities of network 600. Network 600 of FIG6 is merely one type of wireless network illustrating a particular number of components of network 600; however, the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

FIG7 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of the overall architecture of a 3GPP LTE network 700 including one or more devices capable of implementing the methods for identifying victims and interference sources according to the subject matter disclosed herein. FIG7 also generally illustrates exemplary network elements and exemplary standardized interfaces. At a high level, the network 700 includes a core network (CN) 701 (also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPC)) and an air interface access network, E UTRAN 702. The CN 701 is responsible for the overall control of each user equipment (UE) connected to the network and the establishment of bearers. Although not explicitly depicted, the CN 701 may include functional entities (e.g., a home agent and/or an ANDSF server or entity). The E UTRAN 702 is responsible for all radio-related functions.

The main exemplary logical nodes of CN 701 include, but are not limited to, a serving GPRS support node 703, a mobility management entity 704, a home subscriber server (HSS) 705, a serving gateway (SGW) 706, a PDN gateway 707, and a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) manager 708. The functions of each network element of CN 701 are well known and are not described herein. Although not described herein, each network element of CN 701 is interconnected via well-known exemplary standardized interfaces (some of which are indicated in FIG. 7 , such as interfaces S3, S4, S5, etc.).

While CN 701 includes many logical nodes, EUTRAN access network 702 is formed by at least one node (e.g., an evolved Node B (base station (BS), eNB, or eNodeB) 710) connected to one or more user equipment (UE) 711 (only one of which is depicted in FIG7 ). UE 711 is also referred to herein as a wireless device (WD) and/or subscriber station (SS) and may include an M2M-type device. In one example, UE 711 is capable of providing uplink transmit power control techniques according to the subject matter disclosed herein to reduce interference experienced by other wireless devices. In one exemplary configuration, a single cell of EUTRAN access network 702 provides one substantially localized geographic transmission point (with multiple antenna devices) that provides access to one or more UEs. In another exemplary configuration, a single cell of EUTRAN access network 702 provides multiple substantially geographically isolated transmission points (each with one or more antenna devices), wherein each transmission point provides access to one or more UEs simultaneously, and wherein signaling bits are defined for a cell such that all UEs share the same spatial signaling dimension. For normal user traffic (as opposed to broadcast), there is no centralized controller in E-UTRAN; therefore, the E-UTRAN architecture is considered flat. The eNBs are typically interconnected with each other via an interface called "X2" and to the EPC via an S1 interface. More specifically, the eNB is connected to the MME 704 via an S1MME interface and to the SGW 706 via an S1U interface. The protocol running between the eNB and the UE is typically called the "AS protocol." The details of the various interfaces are well known and are not described here.

The eNB 710 manages the physical (PHY), medium access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), and packet data control protocol (PDCP) layers, which are not shown in FIG7 , and includes functions for user plane header compression and encryption. The eNB 710 also provides radio resource control (RRC) functions corresponding to the control plane and performs many functions, including radio resource management, admission control, scheduling, enforcement of negotiated uplink (UL) QoS, cell information broadcast, encryption/decryption of user and control plane data, and compression/decompression of DL/UL user plane packet headers.

The RRC layer in eNB 710 covers functions related to radio bearers (e.g., radio bearer control, radio admission control, radio mobility control, scheduling and dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink, header compression for efficient use of the radio interface, security of all data sent over the radio interface, and connectivity to the EPC). The RRC layer makes handover decisions based on neighboring cell measurements sent by UE 711, generates over-the-air paging for UE 711, broadcasts system information, controls UE measurement reporting (e.g., the periodicity of Channel Quality Information (CQI) reports), and allocates cell-level temporary identifiers to active UEs 711. The RRC layer also performs the transfer of UE context from the source eNB to the target eNB during handover and provides integrity protection for RRC messages. Furthermore, the RRC layer is responsible for establishing and maintaining radio bearers.

FIG8 and FIG9 respectively depict exemplary radio interface protocol structures between a UE and an eNodeB, based on 3GPP-type radio access network standards and capable of providing uplink transmit power control techniques that reduce interference experienced by other wireless devices, in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein. More specifically, FIG8 depicts the layers of the radio protocol control plane, and FIG9 depicts the layers of the radio protocol user plane. The protocol layers of FIG8 and FIG9 can be categorized as L1 (first layer), L2 (second layer), and L3 (third layer), based on the lower three layers of the OSI reference model commonly known in communication systems.

The physical (PHY) layer, serving as the first layer (L1), provides information transfer services to upper layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer above the physical layer via transport channels. Data is transferred between the MAC and PHY layers via transport channels. Transport channels are categorized as dedicated transport channels or common transport channels, depending on whether they are shared. Data transfer between different physical layers (specifically, between the physical layers of a transmitter and receiver) is performed via physical channels.

The second layer (L2 layer) includes various layers. For example, the MAC layer maps each logical channel to each transport channel and performs logical channel multiplexing to map each logical channel to a transport channel. The MAC layer is connected to the radio link control (RLC) layer, which serves as an upper layer, via logical channels. Logical channels can be classified into control channels for transmitting control plane information and traffic channels for transmitting user plane information, depending on the type of information being transmitted.

The Layer 2 (L2) RLC layer segments and concatenates data received from upper layers and resizes the data to a size suitable for transmission to lower layers within radio intervals. To ensure the quality of service (QoS) required for each radio bearer (RB), three operating modes are provided: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). Specifically, AM RLC uses an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) function to perform retransmissions, ensuring reliable data transmission.

The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer (L2) performs a header compression function to reduce the size of the IP packet header, which contains relatively large and unnecessary control information, in order to efficiently transmit IP packets (e.g., IPv4 or IPv6 packets) in a radio interval with a narrow bandwidth. Therefore, only the information required for the header portion of the data can be transmitted, making it possible to increase the transmission efficiency of the radio interval. In addition, in LTE-based systems, the PDCP layer performs security functions, including an encryption function for preventing third parties from eavesdropping on data and an integrity protection function for preventing third parties from processing data.

The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer located at the top of the third layer (L3) is defined only in the control plane, and is responsible for controlling the logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels associated with the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). RBs are logical paths for the first and second layers (L1 and L2) to provide data communication between the UE and the UTRAN. Generally, radio bearer (RB) configuration means that the radio protocol layers required to provide specific services and channel characteristics are defined, and their detailed parameters and operation methods are configured. Radio bearers (RBs) are classified into signaling RBs (SRBs) and data RBs (DRBs). SRBs are used as a transmission channel for RRC messages in the C-plane, and DRBs are used as a transmission channel for user data in the U-plane.

The downlink transport channels used to send data from the network to the UE can be classified into a broadcast channel (BCH) for sending system information and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for sending user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be sent through the downlink SCH and can also be sent through the downlink multicast channel (MCH). The uplink transport channels used to send data from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) for sending initial control messages and an uplink SCH for sending user traffic or control messages.

Downlink physical channels used to transmit information transmitted to downlink transport channels in the radio interval between the UE and the network are categorized into the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for transmitting BCH information, the physical multicast channel (PMCH) for transmitting MCH information, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for transmitting downlink SCH information, and the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) (also known as the DL L1/L2 control channel) for transmitting control information received from the first and second layers (L1 and L2) (e.g., DL/UL scheduling approval information). Meanwhile, uplink physical channels used to transmit information transmitted to uplink transport channels in the radio interval between the UE and the network are categorized into the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for transmitting uplink SCH information, the physical random access channel for transmitting RACH information, and the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for transmitting control information received from the first and second layers (L1 and L2) (e.g., hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ACK or NACK scheduling request (SR) and channel quality indicator (CQI) report information).

FIG10 depicts an exemplary functional block diagram of an information processing system 1000 capable of implementing methods for identifying victims and interference sources in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein. The information processing system 1000 of FIG10 may tangibly embody one or more of the functional entities of any of the exemplary devices, exemplary network elements, and/or networks shown and described herein. In one example, the information processing system 1000 may represent components of the wireless device 200, subscriber station 616, CPE 622, base stations 614 and 620, eNB 710, and/or UE 711, with more or fewer components depending on the hardware specifications of the particular device or network element. In another example, the information processing system may provide M2M-type device capabilities. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the information processing system 1000 may provide uplink transmit power control techniques for reducing interference experienced by other wireless devices in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein. Although information handling system 1000 represents one example of several types of computing platforms, information handling system 1000 may include more or fewer elements and/or a different arrangement of elements than shown in FIG. 8 , and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one or more examples, the information processing system 1000 may include one or more application processors 1010 and a baseband processor 1012. The application processor 1010 may serve as a general-purpose processor to run applications and various subsystems for the information processing system 1000 and may be capable of providing uplink transmit power control techniques for reducing interference experienced at other wireless devices in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein. The application processor 1010 may include a single core, or alternatively, may include multiple processing cores, wherein one or more of the cores may include a digital signal processor or digital signal processing core. In addition, the application processor 1010 may include a graphics processor or coprocessor deployed on the same chip, or alternatively, the graphics processor coupled to the application processor 1010 may include a separate discrete graphics chip. The application processor 1010 may include onboard memory (e.g., cache memory) and may further be coupled to an external memory device (e.g., synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) 1014) for storing and/or executing applications (e.g., capable of providing uplink transmit power control techniques for reducing interference experienced at other wireless devices in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein). During operation, NAND flash memory 1016 stores applications and/or data even when information handling system 1000 is powered off.

In one example, the list of candidate nodes can be stored in SDRAM 1014 and/or NAND flash memory 1016. Furthermore, application processor 1010 can execute computer-readable instructions stored in SDRAM 1014 and/or NAND flash memory 1016 that result in uplink transmit power control techniques that reduce interference experienced at other wireless devices in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein.

In one example, the baseband processor 1012 can control broadband radio functions for the information processing system 1000. The baseband processor 1012 can store code for controlling these broadband radio functions in the NOR flash memory 1018. The baseband processor 1012 controls a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver 1020, which is used to modulate and/or demodulate broadband network signals (e.g., for communicating via a 3GPP LTE network, etc.), as discussed herein with respect to FIG10. The WWAN transceiver 1020 is coupled to one or more power amplifiers 1022, which are each coupled to one or more antennas 1024 for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals via the WWAN broadband network. The baseband processor 1012 may also control a wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver 1026, which is coupled to one or more suitable antennas 1028 and may be capable of communicating via a Bluetooth-based standard, an IEEE 802.11-based standard, an IEEE 802.16-based standard, an IEEE 802.18-based wireless network standard, a 3GPP-based protocol wireless network, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE)-based wireless network standard, a 3GPP2 Air Interface Evolution (3GPP2AIE)-based wireless network standard, a 3GPP-LTE-Advanced-based wireless network, a UMTS-based protocol wireless network, a CDMA2000-based protocol wireless network, a GSM-based protocol wireless network, a Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD-based)-based protocol wireless network, a Mobitex-based protocol wireless network, a Near Field Communication (NFC-based)-based link, a WiGig-based network, a ZigBee-based network, or the like. It should be noted that these are merely exemplary implementations for application processor 1010 and baseband processor 1012, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. For example, any one or more of SDRAM 1014, NAND flash memory 1016, and/or NOR flash memory 1018 may include other types of memory technologies (e.g., magnetic-based memory, sulfide-based memory, phase-change-based memory, optical-based memory, and ovonic-based memory), and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one or more embodiments, the application processor 1010 may drive the display 1030 to display various information or data, and may further receive touch input from the user, for example, via a finger or a stylus, through the touch screen 1032. In an exemplary embodiment, the screen 1032 displays menus and/or options selectable by the user via a finger and/or a stylus for inputting information into the information processing system 1000.

An ambient light sensor 1034 can be used to detect the amount of ambient light in the environment in which information handling system 1000 is operating, for example, to control the brightness or contrast value for display 1030 based on the intensity of the ambient light detected by ambient light sensor 1034. One or more cameras 1036 can be used to capture images that are processed by application processor 1010 and/or at least temporarily stored in NAND flash memory 1016. In addition, the application processor can be coupled to a gyroscope 1038, an accelerometer 1040, a magnetometer 1042, an audio encoder/decoder (CODEC) 1044, and/or a global positioning system (GPS) controller 1046 coupled to an appropriate GPS antenna 1048 for detecting various environmental characteristics, including the location, movement, and/or orientation of information handling system 1000. Alternatively, controller 1046 can include a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) controller. The audio CODEC 1044 can be coupled to one or more audio ports 1050 to provide microphone input and speaker output via internal devices and/or via external devices coupled to the information processing system through the audio ports 1050 (e.g., through headphone and microphone jacks). In addition, the application processor 1010 can be coupled to one or more input/output (I/O) transceivers 1052 to couple to one or more I/O ports 1054 (e.g., a universal serial bus (USB) port, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port, a serial port, etc.). In addition, one or more of the I/O transceivers 1052 can be coupled to one or more memory slots 1056 for optional removable memory (e.g., a secure digital (SD) card or a subscriber identity module (SIM) card), but the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

FIG11 depicts an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of the information handling system of FIG10 , which may optionally include a touchscreen, in accordance with one or more embodiments disclosed herein. FIG11 illustrates an example implementation of an information handling system 1000 tangibly embodied as a cellular telephone, smartphone, smart-type device, tablet-type device, or the like, capable of implementing methods for identifying victims and interference sources in accordance with the disclosed subject matter. In one or more embodiments, information handling system 1000 may include any of the infrastructure nodes, wireless devices 400, subscriber stations 616, CPE 622, mobile stations UE 711, and/or M2M-type devices of FIG7 , although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. The information handling system may include a housing 1110 having a display 1030 , which may include a touchscreen 1032 for receiving tactile input controls and commands via a user's finger 1116 and/or via a stylus 1118 to control one or more application processors 1010. Housing 1110 may house one or more components of information handling system 1000 (e.g., one or more application processors 1010, SDRAM 1014, NAND flash memory 1016, NOR flash memory 1018, baseband processor 1012, and/or WWAN transceiver 1020). Information handling system 1000 may further optionally include a physical actuator area 1120, which may include a keyboard or buttons for controlling information handling system 1000 via one or more buttons or switches. Information handling system 1000 may also include a memory port or slot 1056 for accommodating non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory) in the form of, for example, a secure digital (SD) card or a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. Optionally, information handling system 1000 may also include one or more speakers and/or microphones 1124 and a connection port 1054 for connecting information handling system 1000 to another electronic device, a dock, a display, a battery charger, etc. Additionally, information handling system 1000 may include a headphone or speaker jack 1128 and one or more cameras 1036 on one or more sides of housing 1110. It should be noted that in various arrangements, information handling system 1000 of Figures 10 and 11 may include more or fewer elements than shown, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be a part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes one or more software or firmware programs, combinational logic circuitry, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in one or more software or firmware modules, or functionality associated with the circuitry may be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, the circuitry may include logic that is at least partially operable in hardware.

The embodiments described herein can be implemented as a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. FIG12 illustrates example components of a user equipment (UE) device 1200, according to one embodiment. In some embodiments, the UE device 1200 may include application circuitry 1202, baseband circuitry 1204, radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1206, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1208, and one or more antennas 1210, coupled together at least as shown.

Application circuitry 1202 may include one or more application processors. For example, application circuitry 1202 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and specialized processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors may be coupled to and/or include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

The baseband circuitry 1204 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 1204 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1206 and generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1206. The baseband processing circuitry 1204 may interface with the application circuitry 1202 to generate and process baseband signals and control the operation of the RF circuitry 1206. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 1204a, a third generation (3G) baseband processor 1204b, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1204c, and/or other baseband processors 1204d for other existing generations, generations in development, or generations to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). Baseband circuitry 1204 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1204a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via RF circuitry 1206. Radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, and the like. In some embodiments, the modulation/demodulation circuitry of baseband circuitry 1204 may include fast Fourier transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functions. In some embodiments, the encoding/decoding circuitry of baseband circuitry 1204 may include convolution, tail-biting, turbo, Viterbi, and/or low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functions. Embodiments of the modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functions in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1204 may include elements of a protocol stack, such as elements of the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) protocol, including, for example, physical (PHY) elements, medium access control (MAC) elements, radio link control (RLC) elements, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) elements, and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. The central processing unit (CPU) 1204e of the baseband circuitry 1204 may be configured to execute elements of the protocol stack for signaling at the PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and/or RRC layer. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio digital signal processors (DSPs) 1204f. The audio DSPs 1204f may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and in other embodiments may include other suitable processing elements. In some embodiments, the components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or deployed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuit 1204 and the application circuit 1202 may be implemented together, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, baseband circuitry 1204 can provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry 1204 can support communications with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), and wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Embodiments in which baseband circuitry 1204 is configured to support radio communications using more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multimode baseband circuitry.

RF circuitry 1206 may enable communication with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation over a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, RF circuitry 1206 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 1206 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry for downconverting RF signals received from FEM circuitry 1208 and providing a baseband signal to baseband circuitry 1204. RF circuitry 1206 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry for upconverting baseband signals provided by baseband circuitry 1204 and providing an RF output signal to FEM circuitry 1208 for transmission.

In some embodiments, RF circuitry 1206 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of RF circuitry 1206 may include mixer circuitry 1206a, amplifier circuitry 1206b, and filter circuitry 1206c. The transmit signal path of RF circuitry 1206 may include filter circuitry 1206c and mixer circuitry 1206a. RF circuitry 1206 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1206d for synthesizing frequencies used by mixer circuitry 1206a in the receive and transmit signal paths. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 1206a in the receive signal path may be configured to downconvert the RF signal received from FEM circuitry 1208 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1206d. Amplifier circuitry 1206b may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and filter circuitry 1206c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or a band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the downconverted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal can be provided to baseband circuitry 1204 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal can be a zero-frequency baseband signal, but this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 1206a of the receive signal path can include a passive mixer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path can be configured to upconvert an input baseband signal based on a synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuit 1206d to generate an RF output signal for FEM circuit 1208. The baseband signal can be provided by baseband circuit 1204 and can be filtered by filter circuit 1206c. Filter circuit 1206c can include a low-pass filter (LPF), but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1206a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1206a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited thereto. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, RF circuitry 1206 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and baseband circuitry 1204 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with RF circuitry 1206.

In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals with respect to each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 1206 d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N+1 synthesizer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuit 1206 d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

The synthesizer circuit 1206d may be configured to synthesize, based on the frequency input and the divider control input, an output frequency used by the mixer circuit 1206a of the RF circuit 1206. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1206d may be a fractional-N/N+1 synthesizer.

In some embodiments, the frequency input can be provided by a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. Depending on the desired output frequency, the divider control input can be provided by baseband circuitry 1204 or application processor 1202. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) can be determined from a lookup table based on the channel indicated by application processor 1202.

The synthesizer circuit 1206d of the RF circuit 1206 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual-mode divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded and tunable delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to decompose the VCO cycle into Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this manner, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 1206d can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as an output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency), and used in conjunction with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases relative to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency can be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, RF circuit 1206 can include an IQ/polar converter.

FEM circuitry 1208 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1210, amplify the received signals, and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to RF circuitry 1206 for further processing. FEM circuitry 1208 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by RF circuitry 1206 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1210.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 1208 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit and receive modes of operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify a received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1206). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1208 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal (e.g., provided by the RF circuitry 1206) and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission, e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1210.

In some embodiments, the UE device 1200 may include additional elements (eg, memory/storage, a display, a camera, sensors, and/or input/output (I/O) interfaces).

In a first non-limiting example, an information processing system includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor and including logic for detecting a quality of service issue in a wireless communication downlink with a first user device in a first cell, and in response to detecting the quality of service issue, determining whether the user device is a victim of interference from a second user device or a victim of interference from a downlink with the second user device in the second cell. The information processing system also includes logic for instructing the first user device to measure a control channel reference signal power (RSRP) level for one or more control channel symbols in a downlink with the first user device in the first cell.

The information processing system further includes logic for determining a parameter SINR_minPDCCH corresponding to a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of a control channel in a downlink with the first user equipment in the first cell. The information processing system further includes logic for determining a parameter SINR_minPDSCH corresponding to a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of a physical downlink shared channel in a downlink with the first user equipment in the first cell. The information processing system further includes logic for determining that the first user equipment is a victim of interference from a second user equipment when a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDSCH) of the physical downlink shared channel is less than a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDCCH) of the control channel minus an offset factor. The information processing system also includes logic for determining that the first user equipment is a victim of interference from a downlink with a second user equipment in a second cell when a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDSCH) of the physical downlink shared channel is not less than a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDCCH) of the control channel minus an offset factor.

In another non-limiting example, a controller includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, configured to: detect a quality of service issue in a wireless communication downlink with a first user equipment in a first cell; and, in response to detecting the quality of service issue, determine whether the user equipment is a victim of interference from a second user equipment or a victim of interference from a downlink with a second user equipment in a second cell. The controller further includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, configured to: command the first user equipment to measure a control channel reference signal power (RSRP) level for one or more control channel symbols in a downlink with the first user equipment in the first cell. The controller further includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, configured to: determine a parameter, SINR_minPDCCH, corresponding to a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) for a control channel in a downlink with the first user equipment in the first cell. The controller further includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, configured to: determine a parameter, SINR_minPDSCH, corresponding to a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) for a physical downlink shared channel in a downlink with the first user equipment in the first cell. The controller further includes logic, comprising at least in part hardware logic, for determining that the first user equipment is a victim of interference from a second user equipment when a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDSCH) of the physical downlink shared channel is less than a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDCCH) of the control channel minus an offset factor. The controller further includes logic, comprising at least in part hardware logic, for determining that the first user equipment is a victim of interference from a downlink with a second user equipment in a second cell when a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDSCH) of the physical downlink shared channel is not less than a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) (SINR_minPDCCH) of the control channel minus an offset factor.

In another non-limiting example, an information processing system includes at least one processor communicatively coupled to a first base station in a first cell of a cellular network; and a memory coupled to the processor and including logic for generating a total weighted interference value for all interference measurements acting on a victim party; and when the total weighted interference value is greater than a threshold interference value, initiating a request to at least a second base station in a second cell of the cellular network for the base station to identify a source of interference. The information processing system also includes logic for generating a request for a list of subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) and corresponding bitmaps of uplink physical resource block (PRB) states from the second base station in the second cell of the cellular network. The information processing system also includes logic for receiving a list of subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) and corresponding bitmaps of uplink physical resource block (PRB) states from the second base station in the second cell of the cellular network; and generating a weighted interference value for all interference measurements acting on the victim party using the list. The information processing system further includes logic for mapping the subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) into a vector and setting a weighting factor vector for the subband channel quality indicators in the vector. The information processing system further includes logic for determining the total weighted interference value from the subband channel quality indicators and the weighting factor vector.

In another non-limiting example, a controller includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, to generate a total weighted interference value for all interference measurements acting on a victim party; and when the total weighted interference value is greater than a threshold interference value, initiate a request to at least a second base station in a second cell in the cellular network for the base station to identify a source of interference. The controller also includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, to generate a request for a list of subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) and corresponding bitmaps of uplink physical resource block (PRB) states from the second base station in the second cell of the cellular network. The controller also includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, to receive a list of subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) and corresponding bitmaps of uplink physical resource block (PRB) states from the second base station in the second cell of the cellular network; and generate a weighted interference value for all interference measurements acting on the victim party using the list. The controller further includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, for mapping the subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) into a vector and setting a weighting factor vector for the subband channel quality indicators in the vector. The controller further includes logic, comprised at least in part of hardware logic, for determining the total weighted interference value from the subband channel quality indicators and the weighting factor vector.

In various examples, the operations discussed herein may be implemented as hardware (e.g., circuitry), software, firmware, microcode, or a combination thereof, which may be provided as a computer program product, e.g., including a tangible (e.g., non-transitory) machine-readable or computer-readable medium having stored thereon a program for programming a computer to perform the processes discussed herein. Furthermore, the term "logic" may include, by way of example, software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. A machine-readable medium may include a storage device (e.g., the storage device discussed herein).

References in the specification to "one example" or "an example" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example can be included in at least one implementation. The appearances of the phrase "in one example" in various places in the specification may or may not all refer to the same example.

In addition, in the specification and/or claims, the terms "coupled" and "connected," along with their derivatives, may be used. In some examples, "connected" may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. "Coupled" may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. However, "coupled" may also mean that two or more elements may not be in direct contact with each other, but may still cooperate or interact with each other.

Thus, although the examples have been described using language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the claimed subject matter may not be limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as sample forms of implementing the claimed subject matter.

Claims (16)

1. An information processing system, comprising: At least one processor; and The memory, coupled to the at least one processor, includes software logic for the following operations: Detect quality of service (QoS) issues in the downlink of the wireless communication of the first user equipment in the first cell; Determine the parameter SINR_minPDCCH, which corresponds to the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the control channel in the downlink of the first user equipment in the first cell; Determine the parameter SINR_minPDSCH, which corresponds to the minimum SINR of the physical downlink shared channel in the downlink of the first user equipment in the first cell; and In response to the detection of the service quality problem and the determination of parameters SINR_minPDCCH and SINR_minPDSCH, it is determined whether the first user equipment is a victim of interference from the second user equipment or a victim of downlink interference from the second user equipment in the second cell. Specifically, when the parameter SINR_minPDSCH is less than the parameter SINR_minPDCCH minus the offset factor, the first user equipment is determined to be the victim of interference from the second user equipment. 2. The information processing system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises software logic for the following operations: The command instructs the first user equipment to measure the control channel reference power (RSRP) level for one or more control channel symbols in the downlink of the first user equipment in the first cell. 3. The information processing system of claim 1, wherein the memory further includes software logic for the following operations: When the parameter SINR_minPDSCH is not less than the parameter SINR_minPDCCH minus the offset factor, it is determined that the first user equipment is the victim of downlink interference from the second user equipment in the second cell. 4. The information processing system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is communicatively coupled to a first base station in the first cell, and the memory further includes software logic for the following operations: When it is determined that the first user equipment is a victim of downlink interference from the second user equipment in the second cell, a total weighted interference value is generated for all interference measurements acting on the first user equipment; and When the total weighted interference value is greater than the threshold interference value, a request is sent to at least the second base station in the second cell so that the second base station can identify the interference source. 5. The information processing system of claim 4, wherein the memory further includes software logic for the following operations: A request is made to generate a list of subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) from the second base station in the second cell and a corresponding bitmap of the status of each uplink physical resource block (PRB). 6. The information processing system of claim 5, wherein the memory further includes software logic for the following operations: Receive a list of subband CQIs and a corresponding bitmap of each uplink PRB state from the second base station in the second cell; and The list is used to generate weighted interference values for all interference measurements acting on the first user equipment. 7. The information processing system of claim 6, wherein the memory further includes software logic for the following operations: Map the subband CQI to a vector; and Set a weighting factor vector for the sub-band CQI in the vector. 8. The information processing system of claim 7, wherein the memory further includes software logic for the following operations: The total weighted interference value is determined from the subband CQI and the weighting factor vector. 9. A method for identifying a victim of interference, comprising: Detect quality of service (QoS) issues in the downlink of the wireless communication of the first user equipment in the first cell; Determine the parameter SINR_minPDCCH, which corresponds to the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) of the control channel in the downlink of the first user equipment in the first cell; Determine the parameter SINR_minPDSCH, which corresponds to the minimum SINR of the physical downlink shared channel in the downlink of the first user equipment in the first cell; and In response to the detection of the service quality problem and the determination of parameters SINR_minPDCCH and SINR_minPDSCH, it is determined whether the first user equipment is a victim of interference from the second user equipment or a victim of downlink interference from the second user equipment in the second cell. Specifically, when the parameter SINR_minPDSCH is less than the parameter SINR_minPDCCH minus the offset factor, the first user equipment is determined to be the victim of interference from the second user equipment. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: The command instructs the first user equipment to measure the control channel reference power (RSRP) level for one or more control channel symbols in the downlink of the first user equipment in the first cell. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising: When the parameter SINR_minPDSCH is not less than the parameter SINR_minPDCCH minus the offset factor, it is determined that the first user equipment is the victim of downlink interference from the second user equipment in the second cell. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising: When it is determined that the first user equipment is a victim of downlink interference from the second user equipment in the second cell, a total weighted interference value is generated for all interference measurements acting on the first user equipment; and When the total weighted interference value is greater than the threshold interference value, a request is sent to at least the second base station in the second cell so that the second base station can identify the interference source. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: A request is made to generate a list of subband channel quality indicators (CQIs) from the second base station in the second cell and a corresponding bitmap of the status of each uplink physical resource block (PRB). 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: Receive a list of subband CQIs and a corresponding bitmap of each uplink PRB state from the second base station in the second cell; and Use the list to generate a weighted interference value for all interference measurements acting on the victim. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: Map the subband CQI to a vector; and Set a weighting factor vector for the sub-band CQI in the vector. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The total weighted interference value is determined from the subband CQI and the weighting factor vector.