HK1246011B - Adaptor and charge control method - Google Patents

Description

Adapter and charging control method

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of charging technology, and more particularly, to an adapter and a charging control method.

Background Art

An adapter, also known as a power adapter, is used to charge a device (such as a terminal). Currently, adapters on the market typically use a constant voltage method to charge the device (such as a terminal). When the current drawn by the device (such as a terminal) exceeds the maximum current output threshold of the adapter, the adapter may enter an overload protection state and be unable to continue charging the device (such as a terminal).

Summary of the Invention

Embodiments of the present invention provide an adapter and a charging control method to improve the safety of a charging process.

In a first aspect, an adapter is provided, comprising: a power conversion unit for converting input alternating current (AC) power to obtain an output voltage and an output current of the adapter; a voltage feedback unit, an input end of the voltage feedback unit being connected to the power conversion unit, the voltage feedback unit being configured to detect the output voltage of the adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal, the voltage feedback signal being configured to indicate whether the output voltage of the adapter reaches a set target voltage; a current feedback unit, an input end of the current feedback unit being connected to the power conversion unit, the current feedback unit being configured to detect the output current of the adapter to generate a current feedback signal, the current feedback signal being configured to indicate whether the output current of the adapter reaches a set target current; and a power adjustment unit, an input end of the power adjustment unit being connected to an output end of the voltage feedback unit and an output end of the current feedback unit, an output end of the power adjustment unit being connected to the power conversion unit, the power adjustment unit being configured to receive the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and to stabilize the output voltage and output current of the adapter when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter has reached the target voltage, or when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter has reached the target current.

In a second aspect, a charging control method is provided, which is applied to an adapter, and the method includes: converting the input alternating current to obtain the output voltage and output current of the adapter; detecting the output voltage of the adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal, wherein the voltage feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output voltage of the adapter reaches a set target voltage; detecting the output current of the adapter to generate a current feedback signal, wherein the current feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output current of the adapter reaches a set target current; and stabilizing the output voltage and output current of the adapter when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter has reached the target voltage, or when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter has reached the target current.

The adapter of the embodiment of the present invention includes both a voltage feedback unit and a current feedback unit, wherein the voltage feedback unit, the power adjustment unit, and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for closed-loop control of the output voltage of the adapter, that is, a voltage feedback loop in hardware form; the current feedback unit, the power adjustment unit, and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for closed-loop control of the output current of the adapter, that is, a current feedback loop in hardware form. Based on the dual-loop feedback control, the power adjustment unit of the embodiment of the present invention will comprehensively consider the feedback information provided by the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and stabilize the output voltage and output current of the adapter when either the output voltage of the adapter or the output current of the adapter reaches the target value. In other words, in the embodiment of the present invention, when either the output voltage or the output current of the adapter reaches the target value, the power adjustment unit can immediately sense the occurrence of this event and immediately respond to this event to stabilize the output voltage and output current of the adapter, thereby improving the safety of the charging process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

FIG1A is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG1B is a schematic structural diagram of a power conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage comparison unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a current comparison unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG19A is a schematic diagram showing a connection method between a second adapter and a device to be charged according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG19B is a schematic diagram of a fast charging communication process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the current waveform of pulsating direct current.

FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG22 is a schematic diagram of pulsating direct current in constant current mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of a second adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG24 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Related art discloses a first adapter for charging a device to be charged (e.g., a terminal). The first adapter operates in a constant voltage mode. In the constant voltage mode, the voltage output by the first adapter remains substantially constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V, or 20V.

The voltage output by the first adapter is not suitable for being directly loaded onto both ends of the battery, but needs to be converted first by a conversion circuit in the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to obtain the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery in the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

The conversion circuit is used to convert the voltage output by the first adapter to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current requirements of the battery.

As an example, the conversion circuit may refer to a charging management module, such as a charging integrated circuit (IC). During the battery charging process, it is used to manage the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery. The conversion circuit has the function of a voltage feedback module and/or the function of a current feedback module to achieve management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.

For example, the battery charging process may include one or more of a trickle charging stage, a constant current charging stage, and a constant voltage charging stage. In the trickle charging stage, the conversion circuit may utilize a current feedback loop to ensure that the current entering the battery during the trickle charging stage meets the expected charging current size of the battery (e.g., a first charging current). In the constant current charging stage, the conversion circuit may utilize a current feedback loop to ensure that the current entering the battery during the constant current charging stage meets the expected charging current size of the battery (e.g., a second charging current, which may be greater than the first charging current). In the constant voltage charging stage, the conversion circuit may utilize a voltage feedback loop to ensure that the voltage loaded onto both ends of the battery during the constant voltage charging stage meets the expected charging voltage size of the battery.

As an example, when the voltage output by the first adapter is greater than the expected charging voltage of the battery, the conversion circuit may be configured to step down the voltage output by the first adapter so that the resulting charging voltage meets the expected charging voltage requirement of the battery. As another example, when the voltage output by the first adapter is less than the expected charging voltage of the battery, the conversion circuit may be configured to step up the voltage output by the first adapter so that the resulting charging voltage meets the expected charging voltage requirement of the battery.

As another example, taking the first adapter outputting a constant voltage of 5V as an example, when the battery includes a single cell (taking a lithium battery cell as an example, the charging cut-off voltage of a single cell is 4.2V), the conversion circuit (such as a Buck step-down circuit) can step down the voltage output by the first adapter so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down meets the expected charging voltage requirement of the battery.

As another example, taking the first adapter outputting a constant voltage of 5V as an example, when the first adapter charges a battery with two or more single cells connected in series (taking lithium battery cells as an example, the charging cut-off voltage of a single cell is 4.2V), the conversion circuit (such as a Boost circuit) can boost the voltage output by the first adapter so that the charging voltage obtained after the boost meets the expected charging voltage requirement of the battery.

The conversion circuit is limited by the low circuit conversion efficiency, causing the unconverted electrical energy to be dissipated in the form of heat. This heat will be concentrated inside the device to be charged (such as a terminal). The design space and heat dissipation space of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) are very small (for example, the physical size of the mobile terminals used by users is becoming thinner and lighter, and a large number of electronic components are densely arranged in the mobile terminal to improve the performance of the mobile terminal). This not only increases the difficulty of designing the conversion circuit, but also makes it difficult to remove the heat concentrated in the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in time, thereby causing abnormalities in the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

For example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the electronic components near the conversion circuit, causing abnormal operation of the electronic components. For another example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may shorten the service life of the conversion circuit and nearby electronic components. For another example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the battery, thereby causing abnormal battery charging and discharging. For another example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause the temperature of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to rise, affecting the user experience during charging. For another example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause a short circuit in the conversion circuit itself, causing the voltage output by the first adapter to be directly loaded on both ends of the battery, causing abnormal charging. If the battery is in an overvoltage charging state for a long time, it may even cause the battery to explode, endangering user safety.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a second adapter with adjustable output voltage. The second adapter is capable of acquiring battery status information. The battery status information may include the current battery charge level and/or voltage. The second adapter can adjust its own output voltage based on the acquired battery status information to meet the battery's expected charging voltage and/or charging current requirements. Furthermore, during the constant current charging phase of the battery charging process, the regulated output voltage of the second adapter can be directly applied to the battery terminals to charge the battery.

The second adapter may have the functions of a voltage feedback module and a current feedback module to manage the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.

The second adapter adjusting its own output voltage based on the acquired battery status information may mean that the second adapter is able to acquire the battery status information in real time and adjust the second adapter's own output voltage based on the acquired real-time battery status information each time to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.

The second adapter adjusting its own output voltage based on the real-time acquired battery status information may mean that as the battery voltage continues to rise during the charging process, the second adapter can obtain the current battery status information at different moments in the charging process, and adjust the second adapter's own output voltage in real time based on the current battery status information to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current requirements of the battery.

For example, the battery charging process may include one or more of a trickle charging stage, a constant current charging stage, and a constant voltage charging stage. During the trickle charging stage, the second adapter may utilize a current feedback loop to ensure that the current output by the second adapter and entering the battery during the trickle charging stage meets the battery's expected charging current requirement (e.g., a first charging current). During the constant current charging stage, the second adapter may utilize a current feedback loop to ensure that the current output by the second adapter and entering the battery during the constant current charging stage meets the battery's expected charging current requirement (e.g., a second charging current, which may be greater than the first charging current). Furthermore, during the constant current charging stage, the second adapter may directly apply the output charging voltage to both ends of the battery to charge the battery. During the constant voltage charging stage, the second adapter may utilize a voltage feedback loop to ensure that the voltage output by the second adapter during the constant voltage charging stage meets the battery's expected charging voltage requirement.

During the trickle charging stage and the constant voltage charging stage, the voltage output by the second adapter can be processed in a manner similar to that of the first adapter, that is, it is converted by a conversion circuit in the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to obtain the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery in the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

Optionally, as an implementation method, the current feedback loop of the second adapter can be implemented using software based on the voltage feedback loop. Specifically, when the charging current output by the second adapter does not meet the requirements, the second adapter can calculate the expected charging voltage based on the expected charging current, and adjust the charging voltage output by the second adapter to the calculated expected charging voltage through the voltage feedback loop, which is equivalent to implementing the function of the current feedback loop with the help of the voltage feedback loop through software. However, in the process of charging the battery using a constant voltage method, the load current on the charging circuit often changes rapidly. If the second adapter implements the current feedback loop through software, intermediate operations such as current sampling and current-voltage conversion are required, resulting in a slow response speed of the second adapter to the load current, which may cause the current drawn by the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to exceed the maximum current output threshold that the second adapter can provide, causing the second adapter to enter an overload protection state and be unable to continue charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

In order to improve the response speed of the second adapter to the load current, a hardware voltage feedback loop and a hardware current feedback loop may be set inside the second adapter, which are described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1A .

1A is a schematic structural diagram of a second adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention. The second adapter 10 in FIG1A may include a power conversion unit 11 , a voltage feedback unit 12 , a current feedback unit 13 , and a power adjustment unit 14 .

The power conversion unit 11 is used to convert the input AC power to obtain the output voltage and output current of the second adapter 10 .

The input end of the voltage feedback unit 12 is connected to the power conversion unit 11. The voltage feedback unit 12 is used to detect the output voltage of the second adapter 10 to generate a voltage feedback signal. The voltage feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output voltage of the second adapter 10 reaches the set target voltage.

The input end of the current feedback unit 13 is connected to the power conversion unit 11. The current feedback unit 13 is used to detect the output current of the second adapter 10 to generate a current feedback signal. The current feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output current of the second adapter 10 reaches the set target current.

The input end of the power adjustment unit 14 is connected to the output end of the voltage feedback unit 12 and the output end of the current feedback unit 13, and the output end of the power adjustment unit 14 is connected to the power conversion unit 11. The power adjustment unit 14 is used to receive the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and stabilize the output voltage and output current of the second adapter 10 when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter 10 reaches the target voltage, or when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter 10 reaches the target current.

The power adjustment unit 14 stabilizing the output voltage and output current of the second adapter 10 may refer to the power adjustment unit 14 controlling the output voltage and output current of the second adapter 10 to remain constant. For example, if the power adjustment unit 14 is a pulse width modulation (PWM)-based power adjustment unit, the output voltage and output current of the second adapter 10 can be kept stable when the frequency and duty cycle of the PWM control signal remain constant.

The second adapter of an embodiment of the present invention includes both a voltage feedback unit and a current feedback unit. The voltage feedback unit, the power adjustment unit, and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for closed-loop control of the output voltage of the second adapter, namely, a hardware-based voltage feedback loop. The current feedback unit, the power adjustment unit, and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for closed-loop control of the output current of the second adapter, namely, a hardware-based current feedback loop. Based on the dual-loop feedback control, the power adjustment unit of the embodiment of the present invention comprehensively considers the feedback information provided by the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and stabilizes the output voltage and output current of the second adapter when either the output voltage or the output current of the second adapter reaches the target value. In other words, in the embodiment of the present invention, when either the output voltage or the output current of the second adapter reaches the target value, the power adjustment unit can immediately sense the occurrence of this event and immediately respond to this event to stabilize the output voltage and output current of the second adapter, thereby improving the safety of the charging process.

Taking the constant voltage mode as an example, the voltage feedback loop is mainly responsible for adjusting the output voltage of the second adapter to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the current feedback loop can be responsible for detecting whether the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current (the target current at this time can be the maximum current allowed to be output in the constant voltage mode). Once the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current, the power adjustment unit can immediately sense this event through the current feedback loop and promptly stabilize the output current of the second adapter to prevent it from further increasing. Similarly, in the constant current mode, the current feedback loop can be responsible for adjusting the output current of the second adapter to the current corresponding to the constant current mode, and the voltage feedback loop can be responsible for detecting whether the output voltage of the second adapter reaches the target voltage (the target voltage at this time can be the maximum voltage allowed to be output in the constant current mode). Once the output voltage reaches the target voltage, the power adjustment unit can immediately sense this event through the voltage feedback loop and promptly stabilize the output voltage of the second adapter to prevent it from further increasing.

The voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal refer to different feedback objects, and are not intended to limit the signal types of the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal. Specifically, the voltage feedback signal can be used to feedback the output voltage of the second adapter, and the current feedback signal can be used to feedback the output current of the second adapter. However, both can be voltage signals.

The target voltage can be a pre-set fixed value or an adjustable variable. In some embodiments, the second adapter 10 can adjust the target voltage value according to actual needs through a certain adjustment circuit. For example, the device to be charged (terminal) can send a target voltage adjustment instruction to the second adapter, and the second adapter 10 adjusts the target voltage value according to the target voltage adjustment instruction. In another example, the second adapter 10 can receive battery status information from the device to be charged and adjust the target voltage value in real time according to the battery status. Similarly, the target current can be a pre-set fixed value or an adjustable variable. In some embodiments, the second adapter 10 can adjust the target current value according to actual needs through a certain adjustment circuit. For example, the device to be charged (terminal) can send a target current adjustment instruction to the second adapter 10, and the second adapter 10 adjusts the target current voltage value according to the target current adjustment instruction. In another example, the second adapter 10 can receive battery status information from the device to be charged and adjust the target current value in real time according to the battery status.

The device to be charged used in the embodiments of the present invention may be a "communication terminal" (or simply "terminal"), including but not limited to a device configured to receive/send communication signals via a wired line connection (such as via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a digital subscriber line (DSL), a digital cable, a direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network) and/or via a wireless interface (for example, for a cellular network, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a digital television network such as a handheld digital video broadcasting (DVB-H) network, a satellite network, an amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) broadcast transmitter, and/or another communication terminal). A communication terminal configured to communicate via a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal", a "wireless terminal" and/or a "mobile terminal". Examples of mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, satellite or cellular telephones; personal communication system (PCS) terminals that may combine a cellular radiotelephone with data processing, fax, and data communications capabilities; personal digital assistants (PDAs) that may include a radiotelephone, a pager, Internet/Intranet access, a Web browser, a notepad, a calendar, and/or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver; and conventional laptop and/or palmtop receivers or other electronic devices that include a radiotelephone transceiver.

In some embodiments, the second adapter 10 may include a control unit (see the MCU in FIG. 23 ) for controlling the charging process, thereby enhancing the intelligence of the second adapter 10. Specifically, the control unit may be configured to communicate bidirectionally with the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) to obtain instructions or status information from the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) (such status information may include information such as the current battery voltage and/or the temperature of the device to be charged). The control unit may then control the charging process of the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) by the second adapter 10 based on the instructions or status signals from the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal). In some embodiments, the control unit may be a microcontroller unit (MCU), but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto and may also be other types of chips or circuits.

In some embodiments, the second adapter 10 may include a charging interface (see the charging interface 191 in Figure 19A), but the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the type of the charging interface. For example, it can be a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. The USB interface can be a standard USB interface, a micro USB interface, or a Type-C interface.

The charging mode or function of the second adapter 10 is related to the selection of the target voltage and target current. Depending on the charging mode or function of the second adapter 10, the target voltage and target current may also be different. The following describes the charging mode and the constant current mode in detail.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter 10 supports the first charging mode (that is, the second adapter 10 can operate in the first charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal)). The first charging mode is a constant voltage mode. In the constant voltage mode, the target voltage of the second adapter 10 is the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode. The target current is the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant voltage mode. The power adjustment unit 14 is specifically used to adjust the output voltage of the second adapter 10 to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode according to the voltage feedback signal, and when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter 10 reaches the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant voltage mode, control the output current of the second adapter 10 not to exceed the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant voltage mode.

In constant voltage mode, the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is adjusted to a fixed voltage value. The voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode mentioned above is the fixed voltage value. For example, in constant voltage mode, if the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is 5V, the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode is 5V.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the target voltage is set to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the target current is set to the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode. In this way, the second adapter can quickly adjust the output voltage of the second adapter to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode based on the voltage feedback loop, and perform constant voltage charging for the device to be charged (such as a terminal). During the constant voltage charging process, once the output current of the second adapter (i.e., the load current) reaches the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter, the second adapter can promptly sense this situation through the current feedback loop and promptly prevent the output current of the second adapter from further increasing, thereby avoiding the occurrence of charging failures and improving the second adapter's responsiveness to the load current.

For example, in constant voltage mode, if the fixed voltage value corresponding to the constant voltage mode is 5V, the output current of the second adapter is generally maintained between 100mA and 200mA. In this case, the target voltage can be set to a fixed voltage value (such as 5V) and the target current can be set to 500mA or 1A. Once the output current of the second adapter increases to the current value corresponding to the target current, the power adjustment unit 14 can immediately detect this event through the current feedback loop and prevent the output current of the second adapter from increasing further.

As shown in FIG1B , based on the above embodiment, the power conversion unit 11 may include a primary rectifier unit 15 , a transformer 16 , a secondary rectifier unit 17 and a secondary filter unit 18 . The primary rectifier unit directly outputs a pulsating waveform voltage to the transformer.

In the prior art, a power conversion unit includes both a rectifier and filter unit located on the primary side, and a rectifier and filter unit located on the secondary side. The rectifier and filter unit located on the primary side can be referred to as the primary rectifier and filter unit. The rectifier and filter unit located on the secondary side can be referred to as the secondary rectifier and filter unit. The primary filter unit generally uses liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors for filtering. Liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors are relatively large, which results in a larger adapter.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the power conversion unit 11 includes a primary rectifier unit 15, a transformer 16, a secondary rectifier unit 17 and a secondary filter unit 18, and the primary rectifier unit directly outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform to the transformer. In other words, the power conversion unit 11 provided in the embodiment of the present invention does not include a primary filter unit, which can greatly reduce the volume of the second adapter 10, making the second adapter 10 more portable. The secondary filter unit 18 is mainly based on solid-state aluminum electrolytic capacitors for filtering. After removing the primary filter unit in the power conversion unit 11, although the load capacity of the solid-state aluminum electrolytic capacitor is limited, due to the existence of a current feedback loop in the form of hardware, it can respond to changes in the load current in a timely manner, thereby avoiding charging failures caused by excessive output current of the second adapter.

In the aforementioned solution without the primary filter unit, the maximum output current allowed by the second adapter 10 in constant voltage mode can be determined based on the capacitance of the capacitor in the secondary filter unit. For example, if the maximum load current that the secondary filter unit can withstand is determined to be 500 mA or 1 A based on the capacitance of the capacitor in the secondary filter unit, the target current can be set to 500 mA or 1 A, thereby avoiding charging failures caused by the output current of the second adapter exceeding the target current.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter 10 supports a second charging mode (that is, the second adapter 10 can operate in the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal)), and the second charging mode is a constant current mode. In the constant current mode, the target voltage is the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant current mode, and the target current is the current corresponding to the constant current mode. The power adjustment unit 14 is specifically used to adjust the output current of the second adapter 10 to the current corresponding to the constant current mode according to the current feedback signal, and when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter 10 reaches the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant current mode, the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is controlled not to exceed the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant current mode.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the target current is set to the current corresponding to the constant current mode, and the target voltage is set to the maximum allowable output voltage of the second adapter in the constant current mode. In this way, the second adapter can quickly adjust the output current of the second adapter to the current corresponding to the constant current mode based on the current feedback loop to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal). During the charging process, once the output voltage of the second adapter reaches the maximum allowable output voltage of the second adapter, the second adapter can promptly detect this situation through the voltage feedback loop and promptly prevent the output voltage of the second adapter from rising further, thereby avoiding the occurrence of charging failures.

2 , based on any of the above embodiments, the second adapter 10 may further include a first adjustment unit 21. The first adjustment unit 21 is connected to the voltage feedback unit 12 and may be used to adjust the value of the target voltage.

This embodiment of the present invention introduces a first adjustment unit that can adjust the output voltage of the second adapter based on actual needs, thereby improving the intelligence of the second adapter. For example, the second adapter 10 can operate in either the first charging mode or the second charging mode. The first adjustment unit 21 can adjust the target voltage value accordingly based on whether the second adapter 10 is currently operating in the first charging mode or the second charging mode.

Optionally, based on the embodiment of FIG. 2 , as shown in FIG. 3 , the voltage feedback unit 12 may include a voltage sampling unit 31 and a voltage comparison unit 32. The input end of the voltage sampling unit 31 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 and is used to sample the output voltage of the second adapter 10 to obtain a first voltage. The input end of the voltage comparison unit 32 is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit 31. The voltage comparison unit 32 is used to compare the first voltage with a first reference voltage and generate a voltage feedback signal based on the comparison result between the first voltage and the first reference voltage. The first adjustment unit 21 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32 and provides the voltage comparison unit 32 with a first reference voltage. The first adjustment unit 21 can adjust the value of the target voltage by adjusting the value of the first reference voltage.

It should be understood that the first voltage in the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the output voltage of the second adapter, or the first voltage is used to indicate the current output voltage of the second adapter. Furthermore, the first reference voltage in the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the target voltage, or the first reference voltage is used to indicate the target voltage.

In some embodiments, when the first voltage is less than the first reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit generates a first voltage feedback signal, which is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter has not yet reached the target voltage; when the first voltage is equal to the first reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit generates a second voltage feedback signal, which is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter has reached the target voltage.

The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific form of the voltage sampling unit 31. For example, the voltage sampling unit 31 can be a wire. In this case, the first voltage is the output voltage of the second adapter, and the first reference voltage is the target voltage. For another example, the voltage sampling unit 31 can include two resistors for series voltage division. In this case, the first voltage can be the voltage obtained after the two resistors are divided. The value of the first reference voltage is related to the voltage division ratio of the two resistors. Taking the target voltage equal to 5V as an example, assuming that when the output voltage of the second adapter reaches 5V, the first voltage is 0.5V after the series voltage division of the two resistors, then the first reference voltage can be set to 0.5V.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3 , the first adjustment unit 21 may adjust the first reference voltage in various ways, which are described in detail below with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG4 , the first adjustment unit 21 may include a control unit 41 and a first digital to analog converter (DAC) 42. The input end of the first DAC 42 is connected to the control unit 41, and the output end of the first DAC 42 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32. The control unit 41 adjusts the value of the first reference voltage through the first DAC 42.

Specifically, the control unit 41 can be an MCU, which can be connected to the first DAC 42 via a DAC port. The MCU outputs a digital signal via the DAC port, and the first DAC 42 converts the digital signal into an analog signal. The analog signal is the voltage value of the first reference voltage. The DAC has the characteristics of fast signal conversion speed and high precision. Adjusting the reference voltage through the DAC can improve the adjustment speed and control accuracy of the reference voltage by the second adapter.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG5 , the first adjustment unit 21 may include a control unit 51 and an RC filter unit 52. The input end of the RC filter unit 52 is connected to the control unit 51, and the output end of the RC filter unit 52 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32. The control unit 51 is configured to generate a PWM signal and adjust the value of the first reference voltage by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.

Specifically, the control unit 51 may be an MCU, which may output a PWM signal through a PWM port. After filtering the PWM signal through the RC filter circuit 52, a stable analog quantity, i.e., the first reference voltage, may be formed. The RC filter circuit 52 is simple to implement and inexpensive, and can adjust the first reference voltage at a low cost.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG6 , the first adjustment unit 21 may include a control unit 61 and a digital potentiometer 62. The control end of the digital potentiometer 62 is connected to the control unit 61, and the output end of the digital potentiometer 62 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32. The control unit 61 adjusts the value of the first reference voltage by adjusting the voltage divider ratio of the digital potentiometer 62.

Specifically, the control unit 61 may be an MCU, which may be connected to the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 62 via an Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) interface for adjusting the voltage divider ratio of the digital potentiometer 62. The high potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 62 may be VDD, i.e., a power supply terminal, and the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 62 may be connected to ground. The output terminal (or adjustment output terminal) of the digital potentiometer 62 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32 for outputting the first reference voltage to the voltage comparison unit 32. The digital potentiometer is simple to implement and inexpensive, and can adjust the first reference voltage at a low cost.

Optionally, based on the embodiment of FIG. 2 , as shown in FIG. 7 , the voltage feedback unit 12 may include a voltage divider unit 71 and a voltage comparison unit 72. The input end of the voltage divider unit 71 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 and is configured to divide the output voltage of the second adapter 10 according to a set voltage division ratio to generate a first voltage. The input end of the voltage comparison unit 72 is connected to the output end of the voltage divider unit 71 and is configured to compare the first voltage with a first reference voltage and generate a voltage feedback signal based on the comparison result of the first voltage and the first reference voltage. The first adjustment unit 21 is connected to the voltage divider unit 71 and adjusts the voltage value of the target voltage by adjusting the voltage division ratio of the voltage divider unit 71.

The main difference between the embodiment of FIG7 and the embodiments of FIG3-6 is that the embodiment of FIG3-6 adjusts the voltage value of the target voltage by adjusting the reference voltage of the voltage comparison unit, while the embodiment of FIG7 adjusts the voltage value of the target voltage by adjusting the voltage division ratio of the voltage division unit 71. In other words, in the embodiment of FIG7, the first reference voltage can be set to a fixed value VREF. If the output voltage of the second adapter is desired to be 5V, the voltage division ratio of the voltage division unit 71 can be adjusted so that when the output voltage of the second adapter is 5V, the voltage at the output end of the voltage division unit 71 is equal to VREF. Similarly, if the output voltage of the second adapter is desired to be 3V, the voltage division ratio of the voltage division unit 71 can be adjusted so that when the output voltage of the second adapter is 3V, the voltage at the output end of the voltage division unit 71 is equal to VREF.

The embodiment of the present invention implements sampling of the output voltage of the second adapter and adjustment of the voltage value of the target voltage through the voltage dividing unit, thereby simplifying the circuit structure of the second adapter.

The voltage dividing unit 71 of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in various ways. For example, it can be implemented by a digital potentiometer, or the above-mentioned voltage dividing and voltage dividing ratio adjustment functions can be implemented by discrete components such as resistors and switches.

Taking the implementation of a digital potentiometer as an example, as shown in FIG8 , the voltage divider unit 71 may include a digital potentiometer 81. The first adjustment unit 21 may include a control unit 82. The high potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 81 is connected to the power conversion unit 11, and the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 81 is connected to ground. The output terminal of the digital potentiometer 81 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparison unit 72. The control unit 82 is connected to the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 81 and is used to adjust the voltage divider ratio of the digital potentiometer 81.

The voltage comparison unit 72 described above can be implemented in various ways. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9 , the voltage comparison unit 72 may include a first operational amplifier. The inverting input of the first operational amplifier is used to receive the first voltage, the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier is used to receive the first reference voltage, and the output of the first operational amplifier is used to generate a voltage feedback signal. The first operational amplifier may also be referred to as a first error amplifier or a voltage error amplifier.

Optionally, as shown in FIG10 , based on any of the above embodiments, the second adapter 10 may further include a second adjustment unit 101 , which is connected to the current feedback unit 13 and is configured to adjust the current value of the target current.

This embodiment of the present invention introduces a second adjustment unit that can adjust the output current of the second adapter based on actual needs, thereby improving the intelligence of the second adapter. For example, if the second adapter 10 can operate in either the first charging mode or the second charging mode, the second adjustment unit 101 adjusts the target current value based on the first or second charging mode currently used by the second adapter 10.

Optionally, in some embodiments, based on the embodiment of FIG. 10 , as shown in FIG. 11 , the current feedback unit 13 may include a current sampling unit 111 and a current comparison unit 112. The input end of the current sampling unit 111 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 and is configured to sample the output current of the second adapter 10 to obtain a second voltage, which is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter 10. The input end of the current comparison unit 112 is connected to the output end of the current sampling unit 111 and is configured to compare the second voltage with a second reference voltage and generate a current feedback signal based on the comparison result between the second voltage and the second reference voltage. The second adjustment unit 101 is connected to the current comparison unit 112 and provides a second reference voltage to the current comparison unit 112. The second adjustment unit 101 adjusts the target current by adjusting the voltage value of the second reference voltage.

It should be understood that the second voltage in the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the output current of the second adapter, or the second voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter. In addition, the second reference voltage in the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the target current, or the second reference voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the target current.

Specifically, when the second voltage is less than the second reference voltage, the current comparison unit generates a first current feedback signal, which is used to indicate that the output current of the second adapter has not yet reached the target current; when the second voltage is equal to the second reference voltage, the current comparison unit generates a second current feedback signal, which is used to indicate that the output current of the second adapter has reached the target current.

The current sampling unit 111 may specifically obtain the second voltage by first sampling the output current of the second adapter to obtain a sampled current. The sampled current is then converted into a corresponding sampled voltage based on its magnitude (the sampled voltage value is equal to the product of the sampled current value and the sampling resistance). In some embodiments, the sampled voltage may be directly used as the second voltage. In other embodiments, the sampled voltage may be divided by multiple resistors, and the divided voltage may be used as the second voltage. The current sampling function in the current sampling unit 111 may be specifically implemented by a galvanometer.

In the embodiment of FIG. 11 , the second adjustment unit may adjust the second reference voltage in a variety of ways, which are described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 .

12 , the second adjustment unit 101 may include a control unit 121 and a second DAC 122. The input of the second DAC 122 is connected to the control unit 121, and the output of the second DAC 122 is connected to the current comparison unit 112. The control unit 121 adjusts the voltage value of the second reference voltage through the second DAC 122.

Specifically, the control unit 121 may be an MCU. The MCU may be connected to the second DAC 122 via a DAC port. The MCU outputs a digital signal via the DAC port, which is then converted into an analog signal by the second DAC 122. This analog signal is the voltage value of the first reference voltage. DACs have the characteristics of fast signal conversion speed and high accuracy. Adjusting the reference voltage via the DAC can improve the speed and control accuracy of the second adapter's reference voltage regulation.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG13 , the second adjustment unit 101 may include a control unit 131 and an RC filter unit 132. The input end of the RC filter unit 132 is connected to the control unit 131, and the output end of the RC filter unit 132 is connected to the current comparison unit 112. The control unit 131 is configured to generate a PWM signal and adjust the voltage value of the second reference voltage by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal.

Specifically, the control unit 131 may be an MCU. The MCU can output a PWM signal through a PWM port. After filtering the PWM signal through the RC filter circuit 132, a stable analog value, i.e., the second reference voltage, is generated. The RC filter circuit 132 is simple to implement and inexpensive, enabling the adjustment of the second reference voltage at a low cost.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG14 , the second adjustment unit 101 may include a control unit 141 and a digital potentiometer 142. The control end of the digital potentiometer 142 is connected to the control unit 141, and the output end of the digital potentiometer 142 is connected to the current comparison unit 112. The control unit 141 adjusts the voltage value of the second reference voltage by adjusting the voltage divider ratio of the digital potentiometer 142.

In some embodiments, the control unit 141 may be an MCU. The MCU may be connected to the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 via an I2C interface to adjust the voltage divider ratio of the digital potentiometer 142. The high potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 may be VDD, i.e., the power supply terminal, and the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 may be connected to ground. The output terminal (or adjustment output terminal) of the digital potentiometer 142 is connected to the current comparison unit 112 to output the second reference voltage to the current comparison unit 112. Digital potentiometers are simple to implement and inexpensive, and can adjust the second reference voltage at a low cost.

Optionally, in some embodiments, based on the embodiment of FIG. 10 , as shown in FIG. 15 , the current feedback unit 13 may include a current sampling unit 151, a voltage divider unit 152, and a current comparison unit 153. The input of the current sampling unit 151 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 and is configured to sample the output current of the second adapter 10 to obtain a third voltage. The third voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter 10. The input of the voltage divider unit 152 is connected to the output of the current sampling unit 151 and is configured to divide the third voltage according to a set voltage divider ratio to generate a second voltage. The input of the current comparison unit 153 is connected to the output of the voltage divider unit 152 and is configured to compare the second voltage with a second reference voltage and generate a current feedback signal based on the comparison result between the second voltage and the second reference voltage. The second adjustment unit 101 is connected to the voltage divider unit 152 and adjusts the target current value by adjusting the voltage divider ratio of the voltage divider unit 152.

The main difference between the embodiment of FIG15 and the embodiments of FIG11-14 is that the embodiment of FIG11-14 adjusts the target current by adjusting the reference voltage of the current comparison unit, while the embodiment of FIG15 adjusts the target current by adjusting the voltage division ratio of the voltage division unit 152. In other words, in the embodiment of FIG15, the second reference voltage can be set to a fixed value VREF. If the output current of the second adapter is desired to be 300mV, the voltage division ratio of the voltage division unit 152 can be adjusted so that when the output current of the second adapter is 300mV, the voltage at the output end of the voltage division unit 152 is equal to VREF. Similarly, if the output current of the second adapter is desired to be 500mV, the voltage division ratio of the voltage division unit 152 can be adjusted so that when the output current of the second adapter is 500mV, the voltage at the output end of the voltage division unit 152 is equal to VREF.

The voltage divider unit 152 of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in various ways. For example, it can be implemented using a digital potentiometer, or the above-mentioned voltage division and voltage division ratio adjustment functions can be implemented through discrete components such as resistors and switches.

Taking the implementation of a digital potentiometer as an example, as shown in FIG16 , the voltage divider unit 152 includes a digital potentiometer 161, and the second adjustment unit 101 includes a control unit 162. The high potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling unit 151, the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 is connected to ground, and the output terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 is connected to the input terminal of the current comparison unit 153. The control unit 162 is connected to the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 and is used to adjust the voltage divider ratio of the digital potentiometer 161.

The control unit mentioned above can be one control unit or multiple control units. In some embodiments, the control units in the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit mentioned above are the same control unit.

The current comparison unit 153 described above can be implemented in various ways. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG17 , the current comparison unit 153 can include a second operational amplifier. The inverting input of the second operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage, the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier is used to receive the second reference voltage, and the output of the second operational amplifier is used to generate the current feedback signal. The second operational amplifier can also be referred to as a second error amplifier or a current error amplifier.

The above text, in combination with Figures 1 to 17, describes in detail the implementation methods of the voltage feedback unit 12 and the current feedback unit 13, as well as the adjustment methods of the target voltage corresponding to the voltage feedback unit 12 and the target current corresponding to the current feedback unit 13. The following text, in combination with Figure 18, describes in detail the implementation method of the power adjustment unit 14.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , the voltage feedback unit 12 may include a first operational amplifier (not shown in FIG18 , see FIG9 for details), the output of which is configured to output a voltage feedback signal. The current feedback unit 13 may include a second operational amplifier (not shown in FIG18 , see FIG17 for details), the output of which is configured to output a current feedback signal. The power adjustment unit 14 may include a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a photoelectric coupling unit 181, and a PWM control unit 182. The output of the first operational amplifier of the voltage feedback unit 12 (see FIG9 , the output of the first operational amplifier is configured to output a voltage feedback signal) is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1. The anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the input of the photoelectric coupling unit 181. The output of the second operational amplifier of the current feedback unit 13 (see FIG17 , the output of the second operational amplifier is configured to output a current feedback signal) is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2. The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the input of the photoelectric coupling unit 181. The output end of the photoelectric coupling unit 181 is connected to the input end of the PWM control unit 182. The output end of the PWM control unit 182 is connected to the power conversion unit 11.

It should be understood that the first op amp mentioned herein may refer to the same op amp. Similarly, the second op amp mentioned herein may refer to the same op amp.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the voltage signal output by the first op amp is the voltage feedback signal, and the voltage signal output by the second op amp is the current feedback signal. A voltage signal output by the first op amp of 0 indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter has reached the target voltage, and a voltage signal output by the second op amp of 0 indicates that the output current of the second adapter has reached the target current. The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are two anti-parallel diodes. When the voltage signal output by either the first op amp or the second op amp is 0, the voltage at the feedback point in FIG18 is approximately 0 (since a certain voltage difference is required for the diode to conduct, the actual voltage at the feedback point will be slightly greater than 0, such as 0.7V). In this case, the photoelectric coupling unit 181 operates in a stable state and outputs a stable voltage signal to the PWM control unit 182. The PWM control unit 182 then generates a PWM control signal with a certain duty cycle, which stabilizes the output voltage and output current of the second adapter through the power conversion unit 11. In other words, when either the output voltage or output current of the second adapter reaches the target value, the anti-parallel first diode D1 and the second diode D2 can immediately sense the occurrence of this event, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and output current of the second adapter.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter 10 may support a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and the second adapter 10 charges the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) faster in the second charging mode than in the first charging mode. In other words, compared to the second adapter 10 operating in the first charging mode, the second adapter 10 operating in the second charging mode takes less time to fully charge a battery in a device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) of the same capacity.

The second adapter 10 includes a control unit. During the connection between the second adapter 10 and the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal), the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) to control the charging process in the second charging mode. The control unit can be the control unit in any of the above embodiments, such as the control unit in the first adjustment unit or the control unit in the second adjustment unit.

The first charging mode can be a normal charging mode, and the second charging mode can be a fast charging mode. The normal charging mode means that the second adapter outputs a relatively small current value (usually less than 2.5A) or charges the battery in the charging device (such as a terminal) at a relatively small power (usually less than 15W). In the normal charging mode, it usually takes several hours to fully charge a large capacity battery (such as a 3000mAh battery). In the fast charging mode, the second adapter can output a relatively large current (usually greater than 2.5A, such as 4.5A, 5A or even higher) or charge the battery in the charging device (such as a terminal) at a relatively large power (usually greater than or equal to 15W). Compared with the normal charging mode, the time required for the second adapter to fully charge a battery of the same capacity in the fast charging mode can be significantly shortened, and the charging speed is faster.

The embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit the communication between the control unit of the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as a terminal), nor the control unit's control of the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode. For example, the control unit can communicate with the device to be charged (such as a terminal), exchange the current voltage or current charge of the battery in the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and adjust the output voltage or output current of the second adapter based on the current voltage or current charge of the battery. The communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as a terminal), as well as the control unit's control of the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode, are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to negotiate the charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the second adapter does not blindly adopt the second charging mode to quickly charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal), but rather communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to negotiate whether the second adapter can adopt the second charging mode to quickly charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal), which can improve the safety of the charging process.

Specifically, the control unit performs two-way communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to negotiate the charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as a terminal), which may include: the control unit sends a first instruction to the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and the first instruction is used to inquire whether the device to be charged (such as a terminal) whether to turn on the second charging mode; the control unit receives a reply instruction sent by the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to the first instruction, and the reply instruction is used to indicate whether the device to be charged (such as a terminal) agrees to turn on the second charging mode; if the device to be charged (such as a terminal) agrees to turn on the second charging mode, the control unit uses the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

The above description of the embodiments of the present invention does not limit the master-slave relationship between the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal). In other words, either the control unit or the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) can initiate a two-way communication session as the master device, and the other can respond or reply to the communication initiated by the master device as the slave device. As a feasible approach, the identity of the master and slave devices can be confirmed during the communication process by comparing the electrical levels of the second adapter and the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) relative to the ground.

The embodiments of the present invention do not restrict the specific implementation of bidirectional communication between the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (such as a terminal). In other words, if either the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) or the device to be charged (such as a terminal) initiates a communication session as a master device, and the other, as a slave device, responds with a first response or a first reply to the communication session initiated by the master device, and the master device responds with a second response to the first response or reply of the slave device, it can be considered that the master and slave devices have completed a charging mode negotiation process. As a feasible implementation method, the master and slave devices can perform charging operations between the master and slave devices after completing multiple charging mode negotiations to ensure that the negotiated charging process is executed safely and reliably.

One way in which the master device can make a second response based on the first response or first reply of the slave device to the communication session may be: the master device can receive the first response or first reply made by the slave device to the communication session, and make a targeted second response based on the received first response or first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device receives the first response or first reply of the slave device to the communication session within a preset time, the master device will make a targeted second response to the first response or first reply of the slave device. Specifically, the master device and the slave device complete a charging mode negotiation, and the master device and the slave device perform a charging operation in accordance with the first charging mode or the second charging mode according to the negotiation result, that is, the second adapter operates in the first charging mode or the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal) according to the negotiation result.

Another way for the master device to make a further second response based on the first response or first reply of the slave device to the communication session is: if the master device does not receive the first response or first reply of the slave device to the communication session within a preset time, the master device will also make a targeted second response to the first response or first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device does not receive the first response or first reply of the slave device to the communication session within a preset time, the master device will also make a targeted second response to the first response or first reply of the slave device. Specifically, the master device and the slave device complete a charging mode negotiation, and the master device and the slave device perform a charging operation according to the first charging mode, that is, the second adapter operates in the first charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

Optionally, in some embodiments, when the device to be charged (such as a terminal) initiates a communication session as a master device, and the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) makes a first response or a first reply to the communication session initiated by the master device as a slave device, there is no need for the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to make a targeted second response to the first response or the first reply of the second adapter. It can be considered that a charging mode negotiation process has been completed between the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the second adapter can determine whether to charge the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the first charging mode or the second charging mode according to the negotiation results.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to determine the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal); the control unit adjusting the voltage value of the target voltage so that the voltage value of the target voltage is equal to the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

Specifically, the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to determine the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal), which may include: the control unit sends a second instruction to the device to be charged (such as a terminal), the second instruction being used to inquire whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal); the control unit receives a reply instruction to the second instruction sent by the device to be charged (such as a terminal), the reply instruction to the second instruction being used to indicate whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery, is higher, or is lower. Alternatively, the second instruction may be used to inquire whether the current output voltage of the second adapter is appropriate as the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and the reply instruction to the second instruction may be used to indicate whether the current output voltage of the second adapter is appropriate, is higher, or is lower. The current output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery, or the current output voltage of the second adapter is suitable as the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can mean that the current output voltage of the second adapter is slightly higher than the current voltage of the battery, and the difference between the output voltage of the second adapter and the current voltage of the battery is within a preset range (usually on the order of several hundred millivolts).

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to determine the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal); the control unit adjusting the current value of the target current so that the current value of the target current is equal to the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

Specifically, the control unit performs two-way communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to determine the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal), which may include: the control unit sends a third instruction to the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and the third instruction is used to inquire about the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal); the control unit receives a reply instruction to the third instruction sent by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal); the control unit determines the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal) based on the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal). It should be understood that there are multiple ways for the control unit to determine the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal) based on the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal). For example, the second adapter can determine the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) as the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal), or it can determine the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal) after comprehensively considering factors such as the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and its own current output capability.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: in the process of the second adapter using the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal), the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to adjust the output current of the second adapter in the second charging mode.

Specifically, the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to adjust the output current of the second adapter, which may include: the control unit sends a fourth instruction to the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and the fourth instruction is used to inquire about the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal); the control unit receives a reply instruction to the fourth instruction sent by the second adapter, and the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate the current voltage of the battery; the control unit adjusts the output current of the second adapter according to the current voltage of the battery.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG19A , the second adapter 10 includes a charging interface 191. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the control unit in the second adapter 10 (such as the MCU in FIG23 ) can perform bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) via a data line 192 in the charging interface 191.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to determine whether the charging interface has poor contact.

Specifically, the control unit performs two-way communication with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to determine whether the charging interface has poor contact, which may include: the control unit sends a fourth instruction to the device to be charged (such as a terminal), the fourth instruction being used to inquire about the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal); the control unit receives a reply instruction to the fourth instruction sent by the device to be charged (such as a terminal), the reply instruction to the fourth instruction being used to indicate the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal); the control unit determines whether the charging interface has poor contact based on the output voltage of the second adapter and the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal). For example, if the control unit determines that the voltage difference between the output voltage of the second adapter and the current voltage of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) is greater than a preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the impedance obtained by dividing the voltage difference by the current current value output by the second adapter is greater than the preset impedance threshold, and it can be determined that the charging interface has poor contact.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the poor contact of the charging interface can also be determined by the device to be charged (such as a terminal): the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a sixth instruction to the control unit, and the sixth instruction is used to inquire about the output voltage of the second adapter; the device to be charged (such as a terminal) receives a reply instruction to the sixth instruction sent by the control unit, and the reply instruction to the sixth instruction is used to indicate the output voltage of the second adapter; the device to be charged (such as a terminal) determines whether the charging interface has poor contact based on the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) and the output voltage of the second adapter. After the device to be charged (such as a terminal) determines that the charging interface has poor contact, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a fifth instruction to the control unit, and the fifth instruction is used to indicate that the charging interface has poor contact. After receiving the fifth instruction, the control unit can control the second adapter to exit the second charging mode.

The following describes the communication process between the control unit in the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in more detail in conjunction with Figure 19B. It should be noted that the example of Figure 19B is only to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiment of the present invention to the specific numerical values or specific scenarios illustrated. Based on the example of Figure 19B given, those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG19B , in the second charging mode, the output of the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal), that is, the charging process may include five stages:

Phase 1:

After the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) is connected to the power supply device, the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) can detect the type of the power supply device via data lines D+ and D-. When the power supply device is detected to be a second adapter, the current absorbed by the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) can be greater than a preset current threshold I2 (e.g., 1A). When the control unit in the second adapter detects that the output current of the second adapter is greater than or equal to I2 for a preset duration (e.g., a continuous duration T1), the control unit can deem that the type of the power supply device has been identified by the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal). The control unit then initiates a negotiation process between the second adapter and the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal), sending instruction 1 (corresponding to the first instruction described above) to the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) to inquire whether the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) agrees to the second adapter charging the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) in the second charging mode.

When the control unit receives a reply instruction to instruction 1 sent by the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and the reply instruction to instruction 1 indicates that the device to be charged (such as a terminal) does not agree that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode, the control unit detects the output current of the second adapter again. When the output current of the second adapter is still greater than or equal to I2 within a preset continuous time (for example, it can be a continuous T1 time), the control unit sends instruction 1 to the device to be charged (such as a terminal) again, asking the device to be charged (such as a terminal) whether it agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode. The control unit repeats the above steps of stage 1 until the device to be charged (such as a terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode, or the output current of the second adapter no longer meets the condition of being greater than or equal to I2.

After the device to be charged (such as a terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode, the communication process enters the second stage.

Phase 2:

The output voltage of the second adapter can include multiple gears. The control unit sends instruction 2 (corresponding to the second instruction described above) to the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to inquire whether the output voltage (current output voltage) of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

The device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a reply instruction to instruction 2 to the control unit to indicate whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches, is higher or lower than the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal). If the reply instruction to instruction 2 indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter is higher or lower, the control unit can adjust the output voltage of the second adapter by one level and send instruction 2 to the device to be charged (such as a terminal) again to re-inquire whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal). Repeat the above steps of stage 2 until the device to be charged (such as a terminal) determines that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and enter stage 3.

Phase 3:

The control unit sends instruction 3 (corresponding to the third instruction described above) to the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal), inquiring about the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal). The device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) sends a reply instruction to instruction 3 to the control unit, indicating the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal), and enters stage 4.

Phase 4:

The control unit determines the charging current output by the second adapter for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and then enters stage 5, that is, the constant current charging stage.

Phase 5:

After entering the constant current charging stage, the control unit may send instruction 4 (corresponding to the fourth instruction mentioned above) to the device to be charged (such as a terminal) at intervals to inquire about the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal). The device to be charged (such as a terminal) may send a reply instruction to instruction 4 to the control unit to feedback the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal). The control unit may determine whether the contact of the charging interface is good and whether the output current of the second adapter needs to be reduced based on the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal). When the second adapter determines that the contact of the charging interface is poor, it may send instruction 5 (corresponding to the fifth instruction mentioned above) to the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and the second adapter will exit the second charging mode, then reset and re-enter stage 1.

Optionally, in some embodiments, in stage 1, when the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) sends a reply to instruction 1, the reply to instruction 1 may include data (or information) about the path impedance of the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal). The path impedance data of the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) can be used to determine whether the contact of the charging interface is good in stage 5.

Optionally, in some embodiments, in stage 2, the time from when the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) agrees that the second adapter can charge the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) in the second charging mode to when the control unit adjusts the output voltage of the second adapter to an appropriate charging voltage can be controlled within a certain range. If the time exceeds the predetermined range, the second adapter or the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) can determine that the fast charging communication process is abnormal and reset to re-enter stage 1.

Optionally, in some embodiments, in stage 2, when the output voltage of the second adapter is higher than the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) by ΔV (ΔV can be set to 200-500mV), the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can send a reply instruction of instruction 2 to the control unit to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the battery voltage of the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

Optionally, in some embodiments, in stage 4, the adjustment speed of the output current of the second adapter can be controlled within a certain range, so as to avoid abnormal charging process of the second adapter output to the charged device (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode due to excessively fast adjustment speed.

Optionally, in some embodiments, in stage 5, the variation of the output current of the second adapter may be controlled within 5%.

Optionally, in some embodiments, in stage 5, the control unit may monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit in real time. Specifically, the control unit may monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit based on the output voltage and output current of the second adapter and the current voltage of the battery fed back by the device to be charged (such as a terminal). When "path impedance of the charging circuit" > "path impedance of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) + impedance of the charging cable", it can be considered that the charging interface has poor contact, and the second adapter stops charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, after the second adapter is turned on to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode, the communication time interval between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can be controlled within a certain range to avoid abnormalities in the communication process caused by too short a communication interval.

Optionally, in some embodiments, stopping of the charging process (or stopping of the charging process of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) by the second adapter in the second charging mode) can be divided into two types: a recoverable stop and an irrecoverable stop.

For example, when it is detected that the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) is fully charged or the charging interface is in poor contact, the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. Subsequently, if the device to be charged (such as a terminal) does not agree to the second adapter charging the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode, the communication process does not enter Phase 2. The suspension of the charging process in this case can be considered an irreversible suspension.

For another example, when a communication anomaly occurs between the control unit and the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal), the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. After the requirements of Phase 1 are met, the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) agrees that the second adapter can charge the device to be charged (e.g., a terminal) in the second charging mode to resume the charging process. The suspension of the charging process in this case can be considered a recoverable suspension.

For another example, when the device to be charged (such as a terminal) detects that the battery is abnormal, the charging process stops, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters phase 1. Then, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) does not agree that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode. When the battery returns to normal and meets the requirements of phase 1, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode. The stop of the fast charging process in this case can be regarded as a recoverable stop.

The above communication steps or operations shown in Figure 19B are only examples. For example, in stage 1, after the device to be charged (such as a terminal) is connected to the second adapter, the handshake communication between the device to be charged (such as a terminal) and the control unit can also be initiated by the device to be charged (such as a terminal), that is, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends an instruction 1 to ask the control unit whether to turn on the second charging mode. When the device to be charged (such as a terminal) receives a reply instruction from the control unit indicating that the control unit agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode, the second adapter starts to charge the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode.

For another example, after stage 5, a constant voltage charging stage may also be included. Specifically, in stage 5, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) may feed back the current voltage of the battery to the control unit. When the current voltage of the battery reaches the constant voltage charging voltage threshold, the charging stage switches from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage. During the constant voltage charging stage, the charging current gradually decreases. When the current drops to a certain threshold, the entire charging process stops, indicating that the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) has been fully charged.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the output current of the second adapter is pulsating direct current (or unidirectional pulsating output current, or current with a pulsating waveform, or steamed bun wave current). The waveform of pulsating direct current is shown in FIG20 .

As the output power of the second adapter increases, the second adapter is likely to cause lithium deposition in the battery when charging the battery in the charging device (such as a terminal), thereby reducing the service life of the battery. In order to improve the reliability and safety of the battery, the embodiment of the present invention controls the second adapter to output pulsating direct current. Pulsating direct current can reduce the probability and intensity of arcing of the contacts of the charging interface and increase the life of the charging interface. There are many ways to set the output current of the second adapter to pulsating direct current. For example, the secondary filter unit in the power conversion unit 11 can be removed, and the secondary current can be rectified and directly output to form pulsating direct current.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG21 , based on any of the above embodiments, the second adapter 10 may support a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) faster in the second charging mode than in the first charging mode. The power conversion unit 11 may include a secondary filter unit 211, and the second adapter 10 may include a control unit 212, which is connected to the secondary filter unit 211. In the first charging mode, the control unit 212 controls the secondary filter unit 211 to operate so that the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is constant. In the second charging mode, the control unit 212 controls the secondary filter unit 211 to stop operating so that the output current of the second adapter 10 is pulsating direct current.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the control unit can control whether the secondary filter unit is working, so that the second adapter can output both ordinary DC power with a constant current value and pulsating DC power with a variable current value, thereby being compatible with the existing charging mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter 10 supports a second charging mode. The second charging mode may be a constant current mode. In the second charging mode, the output current of the second adapter is alternating current, which can also reduce lithium plating in lithium batteries and increase the service life of the batteries.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter 10 supports a second charging mode, which can be a constant current mode. In the second charging mode, the output voltage and output current of the second adapter are directly loaded on both ends of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to directly charge the battery.

Specifically, direct charging can refer to directly loading the output voltage and output current of the second adapter on (or directly guiding) the two ends of the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to charge the battery of the device to be charged (such as a terminal), without the need to convert the output current or output voltage of the second adapter through a conversion circuit, thereby avoiding energy loss caused by the conversion process. In the process of charging using the second charging mode, in order to be able to adjust the charging voltage or charging current on the charging circuit, the second adapter can be designed as an intelligent adapter, and the second adapter completes the conversion of the charging voltage or charging current, which can reduce the burden on the device to be charged (such as a terminal) and reduce the heat generated by the device to be charged. The constant current mode in this article refers to a charging mode that controls the output current of the second adapter, and does not require the output current of the second adapter to remain constant. In practice, the second adapter usually uses a segmented constant current method for charging in the constant current mode.

Multi-stage constant current charging has N charging stages (N is an integer not less than 2). The first stage of multi-stage constant current charging begins with a predetermined charging current. The N charging stages of multi-stage constant current charging are executed sequentially from the first stage to the (N-1)th stage. When the previous charging stage in the charging stage transitions to the next charging stage, the charging current value decreases. When the battery voltage reaches the charge termination voltage threshold, the previous charging stage in the charging stage transitions to the next charging stage.

Furthermore, when the output current of the second adapter is pulsating direct current, the constant current mode may refer to a charging mode that controls the peak value or average value of the pulsating direct current, that is, controls the peak value of the output current of the second adapter to not exceed the current corresponding to the constant current mode, as shown in Figure 22. Furthermore, when the output current of the second adapter is alternating current, the constant current mode may refer to a charging mode that controls the peak value of the alternating current.

The embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the example of FIG. 23 is merely intended to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention to the specific numerical values or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes based on the example of FIG. 23, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

The second adapter includes a power conversion unit (corresponding to the power conversion unit 11 mentioned above). As shown in FIG23 , the power conversion unit may include an AC input terminal, a primary rectifier unit 231 , a transformer T1 , a secondary rectifier unit 232 , and a secondary filter unit 233 .

Specifically, the AC input terminal introduces the mains power (generally 220V AC), and then transmits the mains power to the primary rectifier unit 231 .

Primary rectifier unit 231 is used to convert AC power into a first pulsating DC power, and then transmit the first pulsating DC power to transformer T1. Primary rectifier unit 231 can be a bridge rectifier unit, such as a full-bridge rectifier unit as shown in Figure 23, or a half-bridge rectifier unit, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

The primary side of the existing adapter includes a primary filtering unit, which is generally based on a liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor for filtering. However, the liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor is large in volume, which will cause the adapter to be larger in volume. The primary side of the second adapter provided in an embodiment of the present invention does not include a primary filtering unit, which can greatly reduce the volume of the second adapter.

Transformer T1 is used to couple the first pulsating DC power from the primary to the secondary of the transformer, generating a second pulsating DC power, which is then outputted from the secondary winding of transformer T1. Transformer T1 can be a conventional transformer or a high-frequency transformer operating at a frequency of 50 kHz to 2 MHz. The number and connection configuration of transformer T1's primary windings are related to the type of switching power supply used in the second adapter, and are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG23 , the second adapter can utilize a flyback switching power supply. One end of the transformer's primary winding is connected to the primary rectifier unit 231, and the other end of the primary winding is connected to a switch controlled by a PWM controller. Of course, the second adapter can also utilize a forward switching power supply or a push-pull switching power supply. The primary rectifier unit and transformer in different types of switching power supplies have different connection configurations, which are not listed here for the sake of brevity.

The secondary rectifier unit 232 is used to rectify the second pulsating DC power output by the secondary winding of transformer T1 to obtain a third pulsating DC power. The secondary rectifier unit 232 can be implemented in various forms. Figure 23 shows a typical secondary synchronous rectification circuit, which includes a synchronous rectifier (SR) chip, a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor, MOS) transistor controlled by the SR chip, and a diode connected to the source and drain of the MOS transistor. The SR chip sends a PWM control signal to the gate of the MOS transistor, controlling the on and off of the MOS transistor, thereby achieving secondary synchronous rectification.

The secondary filter unit 233 is configured to rectify the second pulsating DC power output by the secondary rectifier unit 232 to obtain the output voltage and output current of the second adapter (i.e., the voltage and current across VBUS and GND in FIG23 ). In the embodiment of FIG23 , the capacitors in the secondary filter unit 233 can be solid-state capacitors, or solid-state capacitors can be connected in parallel with ordinary capacitors (e.g., ceramic capacitors) for filtering.

Furthermore, the secondary filtering unit 233 may also include a switching unit, such as the switch tube Q1 in Figure 23. The switch tube Q1 receives a control signal sent by the MCU. When the MCU controls the switch tube Q1 to be closed, the secondary filtering unit 233 operates, so that the second adapter operates in the first charging mode. In the first charging mode, the output voltage of the second adapter can be 5V, and the output current is a smooth direct current. When the MCU controls the switch tube Q1 to be disconnected, the secondary filtering unit 233 stops working, and the second adapter operates in the second charging mode. In the second charging mode, the second adapter directly outputs the pulsating direct current obtained by the rectification of the secondary rectifier unit 232.

Furthermore, the second adapter may include a voltage feedback unit (corresponding to the voltage feedback unit 12 mentioned above). As shown in FIG23 , the voltage feedback unit may include a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a first operational amplifier OPA1.

Specifically, resistors R1 and R2 sample the output voltage of the second adapter (i.e., the voltage on VBUS) and send the sampled first voltage to the inverting input of OPA1 to indicate the magnitude of the second adapter's output voltage. The non-inverting input of the first op amp OPA1 is connected to the DAC1 port of the MCU via DAC1. The MCU adjusts the voltage value of the reference voltage of the first op amp OPA1 (corresponding to the first reference voltage mentioned above) by controlling the magnitude of the analog quantity output by DAC1, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the target voltage corresponding to the voltage feedback unit.

Furthermore, the second adapter may include a current feedback unit (corresponding to the current feedback unit 13 mentioned above). As shown in FIG23 , the current feedback unit may include a resistor R3, a galvanometer, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, and a second operational amplifier OPA2.

Specifically, resistor R3 is a current-sensing resistor. The galvanometer obtains the output current of the second adapter by detecting the current flowing through resistor R3, and then converts the output current of the second adapter into a corresponding voltage value and outputs it to resistors R4 and R5 for voltage division to obtain a second voltage. The second voltage can be used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter. The inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier OPA2 is used to receive the second voltage. The non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier OPA2 is connected to the DAC2 port of the MCU through DAC2. The MCU adjusts the voltage value of the reference voltage of the second operational amplifier OPA2 (corresponding to the second reference voltage mentioned above) by controlling the magnitude of the analog quantity output by DAC2, thereby adjusting the current value of the target current corresponding to the current feedback unit.

The second adapter further includes a power adjustment unit (corresponding to the power adjustment unit 14 mentioned above). As shown in FIG23 , the power adjustment unit may include a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a photoelectric coupling unit 234, a PWM controller, and a switch tube Q2.

Specifically, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are two diodes connected in reverse parallel, with the anodes of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 connected to the feedback point shown in Figure 23. The input terminal of the photoelectric coupling unit 234 is used to receive the voltage signal at the feedback point. When the voltage at the feedback point is lower than the operating voltage VDD of the photoelectric coupling unit 234, the photoelectric coupling unit 234 begins to operate and provides a feedback voltage to the FB terminal of the PWM controller. The PWM controller controls the duty cycle of the PWM signal output by the PWM terminal by comparing the voltages at the CS terminal and the FB terminal. When the voltage signal output by the first operational amplifier OPA1 (i.e., the voltage feedback signal described above) is 0, or when the voltage signal output by the second operational amplifier OPA2 (i.e., the current feedback signal described above) is 0, the voltage at the FB terminal is stable, and the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the PWM terminal of the PWM controller remains constant. The PWM terminal of the PWM controller is connected to the primary winding of the transformer T1 via the switch Q2, and is used to control the output voltage and output current of the second adapter. When the duty cycle of the control signal output by the PWM terminal is constant, the output voltage and output current of the second adapter also remain stable.

Furthermore, the second adapter of FIG23 further includes a first adjustment unit and a second adjustment unit. As shown in FIG23 , the first adjustment unit includes an MCU (corresponding to the control unit described above) and DAC1, and is used to adjust the voltage value of the reference voltage of the first op amp OPA1, thereby adjusting the voltage value of the target voltage corresponding to the voltage feedback unit. The second adjustment unit includes an MCU (corresponding to the control unit described above) and DAC2, and is used to adjust the reference voltage of the second op amp OPA2, thereby adjusting the current value of the target current corresponding to the current feedback unit.

The MCU can adjust the target voltage and target current based on the charging mode currently used by the second adapter. For example, when the second adapter is charging in constant voltage mode, the target voltage can be adjusted to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the target current can be adjusted to the maximum current allowed to be output in the constant voltage mode. For another example, when the second adapter is charging in constant current mode, the target current can be adjusted to the current corresponding to the constant current mode, and the target voltage can be adjusted to the maximum voltage allowed to be output in the constant current mode.

For example, in constant voltage mode, the target voltage can be adjusted to a fixed voltage value (such as 5V). Taking into account that the primary side is not provided with a primary filter unit (the primary filter unit adopts a liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a larger volume. In order to reduce the volume of the second adapter, the embodiment of the present invention removes the primary filter unit), the load capacity of the secondary filter unit 233 is limited, and the target current can be set to 500mA or 1A. The second adapter first adjusts the output voltage to 5V based on the voltage feedback loop. Once the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current, the output current of the second adapter is controlled by the current feedback loop not to exceed the target current. In constant current mode, the target current can be set to 4A and the target voltage can be set to 5V. Since the output current of the second adapter is pulsating direct current, the current feedback loop can be used to clip the current above 4A, so that the current peak of the pulsating direct current is maintained at 4A. Once the output voltage of the second adapter exceeds the target voltage, the output voltage of the second adapter is controlled by the voltage feedback loop not to exceed the target voltage.

In addition, the MCU may also include a communication interface. The MCU can communicate bidirectionally with the device to be charged (such as a terminal) through the communication interface to control the charging process of the second adapter. Taking the charging interface as a USB interface as an example, the communication interface can also be the USB interface. Specifically, the second adapter can use the power cord in the USB interface to charge the device to be charged (such as a terminal) and use the data line (D+ and/or D-) in the USB interface to communicate with the device to be charged (such as a terminal).

In addition, the photoelectric coupling unit 234 can also be connected to a voltage stabilizing unit to keep the working voltage of the photocoupler stable. As shown in FIG23 , the voltage stabilizing unit in the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented using a low dropout regulator (LDO).

FIG23 illustrates an example in which the control unit (MCU) adjusts the reference voltage of the first operational amplifier OPA1 through DAC1. This reference voltage adjustment method corresponds to the reference voltage adjustment method shown in FIG4 , but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any reference voltage adjustment method described in FIG5 to FIG8 may also be used. For the sake of brevity, these are not described in detail here.

FIG23 illustrates an example in which the control unit (MCU) adjusts the reference voltage of the second operational amplifier OPA2 through DAC2. This reference voltage adjustment method corresponds to the reference voltage adjustment method shown in FIG12 , but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any reference voltage adjustment method described in FIG13 to FIG16 may also be used. For the sake of brevity, these are not described in detail here.

The above text, in combination with Figures 1 to 23, describes in detail an embodiment of the device of the present invention. The following text, in combination with Figure 24, describes in detail a method embodiment of an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the description on the method side corresponds to the description on the device side. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions are appropriately omitted.

Fig. 24 is a schematic flow chart of a charging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The charging method of Fig. 24 can be executed by the second adapter 10 described above, and the method may include the following actions.

2410. Convert the input AC power to obtain an output voltage and an output current of a second adapter.

2420. Detect the output voltage of the second adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal, where the voltage feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output voltage of the second adapter reaches a set target voltage.

2430. Detect the output current of the second adapter to generate a current feedback signal, where the current feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output current of the second adapter reaches a set target current.

2440. When the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter reaches the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current, stabilize the output voltage and output current of the second adapter.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a first charging mode, which is a constant voltage mode. In the constant voltage mode, the target voltage is the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the target current is the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode. The method of FIG24 may further include: adjusting the output voltage of the second adapter to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode based on the voltage feedback signal. 2440 may include: when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter has reached the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode, controlling the output current of the second adapter to not exceed the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter includes a primary rectifying unit, a transformer, a secondary rectifying unit, and a secondary filtering unit, and the primary rectifying unit directly outputs a pulsating waveform voltage to the transformer.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode is determined based on the capacity of the capacitor in the secondary filter unit.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a second charging mode. The second charging mode is a constant current mode. In the constant current mode, the target voltage is the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant current mode, and the target current is the current corresponding to the constant current mode. The method of Figure 24 also includes: adjusting the output current of the second adapter to the current corresponding to the constant current mode based on the current feedback signal. 2440 may include: when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter has reached the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant current mode, controlling the output voltage of the second adapter to not exceed the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant current mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the method of FIG. 24 may further include: adjusting the value of the target voltage.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and adjusting the target voltage value may include: adjusting the target voltage value based on the first charging mode or the second charging mode currently used by the second adapter.

Optionally, in some embodiments, detecting the output voltage of the second adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal may include: sampling the output voltage of the second adapter to obtain a first voltage; comparing the first voltage with a first reference voltage; generating a voltage feedback signal based on the comparison result of the first voltage and the first reference voltage; adjusting the value of the target voltage, including: adjusting the value of the target voltage by adjusting the value of the first reference voltage.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on a first DAC.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on an RC filtering unit.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on a digital potentiometer.

Optionally, in some embodiments, detecting the output voltage of the second adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal may include: dividing the output voltage of the second adapter according to a set voltage division ratio to generate a first voltage; comparing the first voltage with a first reference voltage; generating a voltage feedback signal based on the comparison result of the first voltage and the first reference voltage; and adjusting the value of the target voltage may include: adjusting the voltage value of the target voltage by adjusting the voltage division ratio.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the voltage division ratio is a voltage division ratio of a digital potentiometer.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the method of FIG. 24 may further include: adjusting the current value of the target current.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode. Adjusting the current value of the target current may include adjusting the current value of the target current based on the first charging mode or the second charging mode currently used by the second adapter.

Optionally, in some embodiments, detecting the output current of the second adapter to generate a current feedback signal may include: sampling the output current of the second adapter to obtain a second voltage, where the second voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter; comparing the second voltage with a second reference voltage; generating a current feedback signal based on the comparison result of the second voltage and the second reference voltage; and adjusting the current value of the target current may include: adjusting the current value of the target current by adjusting the voltage value of the second reference voltage.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on a second DAC.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on an RC filtering unit.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on a digital potentiometer.

Optionally, in some embodiments, detecting the output current of the second adapter to generate a current feedback signal may include: sampling the output current of the second adapter to obtain a third voltage, the third voltage being used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter; dividing the third voltage according to a set voltage division ratio to generate a second voltage; comparing the second voltage with a second reference voltage; and generating a current feedback signal based on the comparison result of the second voltage and the second reference voltage; and adjusting the current value of the target current may include: adjusting the current value of the target current by adjusting the voltage division ratio.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the voltage division ratio is a voltage division ratio of a digital potentiometer.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode. In the second charging mode, the second adapter charges the device to be charged faster than in the first charging mode. The method of FIG. 24 may further include: while the second adapter is connected to the device to be charged, performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the two-way communication with the device to be charged to negotiate the charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged may include: sending a first instruction to the device to be charged, the first instruction being used to inquire the device to be charged whether to turn on the second charging mode; receiving a reply instruction to the first instruction sent by the device to be charged, the reply instruction to the first instruction being used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode; and using the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged if the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to determine the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged; and adjusting the voltage value of the target voltage so that the voltage value of the target voltage is equal to the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged may include: sending a second instruction to the device to be charged, the second instruction being used to inquire whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; and receiving a reply instruction to the second instruction sent by the device to be charged, the reply instruction to the second instruction being used to indicate whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches, is higher than, or is lower than the current voltage of the battery.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to determine the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged; and adjusting the current value of the target current so that the current value of the target current is equal to the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged may include: sending a third instruction to the device to be charged, the third instruction being used to inquire about the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; receiving a reply instruction to the third instruction sent by the device to be charged, the reply instruction to the third instruction being used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and determining the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged based on the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the second adapter during charging using the second charging mode.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the two-way communication with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the second adapter may include: sending a fourth instruction to the device to be charged, the fourth instruction being used to inquire about the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; receiving a reply instruction to the fourth instruction sent by the second adapter, the reply instruction to the fourth instruction being used to indicate the current voltage of the battery; and adjusting the output current of the second adapter according to the current voltage of the battery.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter includes a charging interface, and the second adapter performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged via a data line in the charging interface.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a second charging mode, wherein the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the second adapter is pulsating direct current.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a first charging mode. The first charging mode is a constant voltage mode. The second adapter includes a secondary filter unit. The method of FIG24 may further include: in the first charging mode, controlling the secondary filter unit to operate so that the output voltage of the second adapter is constant; in the second charging mode, controlling the secondary filter unit to stop operating so that the output current of the second adapter is pulsating direct current.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a second charging mode, wherein the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the second adapter is alternating current.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter supports a second charging mode. In the second charging mode, the output voltage and output current of the second adapter are directly applied to both ends of the battery of the device to be charged, thereby directly charging the battery.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter is a second adapter for charging a mobile device to be charged.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter includes a control unit for controlling the charging process, and the control unit is an MCU.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the second adapter includes a charging interface, and the charging interface is a USB interface.

It should be understood that the “first adapter” and “second adapter” herein are merely for the convenience of description and are not intended to limit the specific types of adapters in the embodiments of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, second adapter or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims (63)

1. An adapter, characterized in that the adapter comprises: A power conversion unit is used to convert the input AC power to obtain the output voltage and output current of the adapter; A voltage feedback unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the power conversion unit, is used to detect the output voltage of the adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal, which is used to indicate whether the output voltage of the adapter has reached the set target voltage. A current feedback unit is provided, the input of which is connected to the power conversion unit. The current feedback unit is used to detect the output current of the adapter to generate a current feedback signal, which is used to indicate whether the output current of the adapter has reached the set target current. A power adjustment unit is provided, wherein the input terminal of the power adjustment unit is connected to the output terminal of the voltage feedback unit and the output terminal of the current feedback unit, and the output terminal of the power adjustment unit is connected to the power conversion unit. The power adjustment unit is used to receive the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and to stabilize the output voltage and output current of the adapter when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter reaches the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter reaches the target current. The target voltage and the target current are adjusted by the adapter in real time based on the battery status information received from the device to be charged. 2. The adapter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adapter further comprises a first adjustment unit, the first adjustment unit being connected to the voltage feedback unit and used to adjust the value of the target voltage. 3. The adapter as claimed in claim 2, wherein the voltage feedback unit comprises: A voltage sampling unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the power conversion unit, is used to sample the output voltage of the adapter to obtain a first voltage; A voltage comparison unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the voltage sampling unit, is used to compare the first voltage and the first reference voltage, and generate the voltage feedback signal based on the comparison result of the first voltage and the first reference voltage; The first adjustment unit is connected to the voltage comparison unit, provides the first reference voltage to the voltage comparison unit, and adjusts the value of the target voltage by adjusting the value of the first reference voltage. 4. The adapter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first adjustment unit includes a control unit and a first DAC, the input terminal of the first DAC is connected to the control unit, the output terminal of the first DAC is connected to the voltage comparison unit, and the control unit adjusts the value of the first reference voltage through the first DAC. 5. The adapter as described in claim 3 or 4, wherein the voltage comparison unit includes a first operational amplifier, the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier of the voltage comparison unit is used to receive the first voltage, the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier of the voltage comparison unit is used to receive the first reference voltage, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier of the voltage comparison unit is used to generate the voltage feedback signal. 6. The adapter as described in any one of claims 2-4, wherein the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and the first adjustment unit adjusts the value of the target voltage based on the first charging mode or the second charging mode currently used by the adapter. 7. The adapter as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter further comprises a second adjustment unit connected to the current feedback unit for adjusting the current value of the target current. 8. The adapter as claimed in claim 7, wherein the current feedback unit comprises: A current sampling unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the power conversion unit, is used to sample the output current of the adapter to obtain a second voltage, which is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the adapter. A current comparison unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling unit, is used to compare the second voltage and the second reference voltage, and generate the current feedback signal based on the comparison result of the second voltage and the second reference voltage; The second adjustment unit is connected to the current comparison unit, provides the second reference voltage to the current comparison unit, and adjusts the current value of the target current by adjusting the voltage value of the second reference voltage. 9. The adapter as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second adjustment unit includes a control unit and a second DAC, the input terminal of the second DAC is connected to the control unit, the output terminal of the second DAC is connected to the current comparison unit, and the control unit adjusts the voltage value of the second reference voltage through the second DAC. 10. The adapter as claimed in claim 8, wherein the current comparison unit includes a second operational amplifier, the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier of the current comparison unit is used to receive the second voltage, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier of the current comparison unit is used to receive the second reference voltage, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier of the current comparison unit is used to generate the current feedback signal. 11. The adapter as claimed in claim 8, wherein the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and the second adjustment unit adjusts the current value of the target current based on the first charging mode or the second charging mode currently used by the adapter. 12. The adapter as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter supports a first charging mode, the first charging mode being a constant voltage mode, wherein in the constant voltage mode, the target voltage is the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the target current is the maximum current that the adapter is allowed to output in the constant voltage mode; The power adjustment unit is used to adjust the output voltage of the adapter to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode according to the voltage feedback signal, and when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter reaches the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode, it controls the output current of the adapter not to exceed the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode. 13. The adapter as claimed in claim 12, wherein the power conversion unit comprises a primary rectifier unit, a transformer, a secondary rectifier unit, and a secondary filter unit, wherein the primary rectifier unit directly outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform to the transformer. 14. The adapter as claimed in claim 13, wherein the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode is determined based on the capacitance of the capacitor in the secondary filter unit. 15. The adapter as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, the second charging mode being a constant current mode, wherein in the constant current mode, the target voltage is the maximum voltage that the adapter is allowed to output in the constant current mode, and the target current is the current corresponding to the constant current mode; The power adjustment unit is specifically used to adjust the output current of the adapter to the current corresponding to the constant current mode according to the current feedback signal, and when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter reaches the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant current mode, control the output voltage of the adapter not to exceed the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant current mode. 16. The adapter according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the voltage feedback unit includes a first operational amplifier, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier of the voltage feedback unit is used to output the voltage feedback signal, and the current feedback unit includes a second operational amplifier, the output terminal of the second operational amplifier of the current feedback unit is used to output the current feedback signal; The power adjustment unit includes a first diode, a second diode, an optocoupler unit, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) control unit. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier of the voltage feedback unit is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode, and the positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the input terminal of the optocoupler unit. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier of the current feedback unit is connected to the negative terminal of the second diode, and the positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the input terminal of the optocoupler unit. The output terminal of the optocoupler unit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control unit, and the output terminal of the PWM control unit is connected to the power conversion unit. 17. The adapter as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, wherein the charging speed of the adapter for the device to be charged in the second charging mode is faster than the charging speed of the adapter for the device to be charged in the first charging mode, the adapter includes a control unit, wherein during the connection between the adapter and the device to be charged, the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode. 18. The adapter as claimed in claim 17, wherein the process of the control unit communicating bidirectionally with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: The control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to negotiate the charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged. 19. The adapter as claimed in claim 18, wherein the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to negotiate a charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged, comprising: The control unit sends a first instruction to the device to be charged, the first instruction being used to ask the device to be charged whether to enable the second charging mode. The control unit receives a response instruction to the first instruction sent by the device to be charged, and the response instruction to the first instruction is used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to start the second charging mode. If the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode, the control unit uses the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged. 20. The adapter as claimed in claim 17, wherein the process of the control unit communicating bidirectionally with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: The control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to determine the charging voltage output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode. The control unit adjusts the target voltage value so that it is equal to the charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged. 21. The adapter as claimed in claim 20, wherein the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to determine a charging voltage output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode, comprising: The control unit sends a second instruction to the device to be charged, the second instruction being used to inquire whether the output voltage of the adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; The control unit receives a response instruction to the second instruction sent by the device to be charged. The response instruction to the second instruction is used to indicate whether the output voltage of the adapter matches, is too high, or is too low compared to the current voltage of the battery. 22. The adapter as claimed in claim 17, wherein the process of the control unit communicating bidirectionally with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: The control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to determine the charging current output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode. The control unit adjusts the target current value so that the target current value is equal to the charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged. 23. The adapter as claimed in claim 22, wherein the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to determine the charging current output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode, comprising: The control unit sends a third instruction to the device to be charged, the third instruction being used to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged. The control unit receives a response instruction to the third instruction sent by the device to be charged, the response instruction to the third instruction being used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; The control unit determines the charging current output by the adapter for charging the device under the second charging mode based on the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged. 24. The adapter as claimed in claim 17, wherein the process of the control unit communicating bidirectionally with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: During the charging process using the second charging mode, the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the adapter. 25. The adapter as claimed in claim 24, wherein the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the adapter, comprising: The control unit sends a fourth instruction to the device to be charged, the fourth instruction being used to query the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; The control unit receives a response instruction to the fourth instruction sent by the adapter, the response instruction to the fourth instruction being used to indicate the current voltage of the battery; The control unit adjusts the output current of the adapter based on the current voltage of the battery. 26. The adapter as claimed in claim 17, wherein the adapter includes a charging interface, and the control unit communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged via a data line in the charging interface. 27. The adapter as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, the second charging mode being a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the adapter is a pulsating direct current. 28. The adapter as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that the adapter supports a first charging mode, the first charging mode being a constant voltage mode, the power conversion unit including a secondary filtering unit, the adapter including a control unit connected to the secondary filtering unit, wherein in the first charging mode, the control unit controls the secondary filtering unit to operate, so that the output voltage of the adapter is constant; and in the second charging mode, the control unit controls the secondary filtering unit to stop operating, so that the output current of the adapter is a pulsating direct current. 29. The adapter as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the adapter is alternating current. 30. The adapter as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, wherein in the second charging mode, the output voltage and output current of the adapter are directly applied to the two ends of the battery of the device to be charged, thereby directly charging the battery. 31. The adapter as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter is an adapter for charging a mobile device to be charged. 32. The adapter according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter includes a control unit for controlling the charging process, the control unit being a microcontroller unit (MCU). 33. The adapter as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adapter includes a charging interface, and the charging interface is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. 34. A charging control method, characterized in that the method is applied to an adapter, the method comprising: The input AC power is converted to obtain the output voltage and output current of the adapter; The output voltage of the adapter is detected to generate a voltage feedback signal, which indicates whether the output voltage of the adapter has reached the set target voltage. The output current of the adapter is detected to generate a current feedback signal, which is used to indicate whether the output current of the adapter has reached the set target current. When the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter reaches the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter reaches the target current, the output voltage and output current of the adapter are stabilized, wherein the target voltage and the target current are adjusted by the adapter in real time based on the battery status information received from the device to be charged. 35. The charging control method as described in claim 34, characterized in that the method further comprises: Adjust the value of the target voltage. 36. The charging control method as described in claim 35, characterized in that, detecting the output voltage of the adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal includes: The output voltage of the adapter is sampled to obtain a first voltage; Compare the first voltage with the first reference voltage; The voltage feedback signal is generated based on the comparison result between the first voltage and the first reference voltage; Adjusting the value of the target voltage includes: The value of the target voltage is adjusted by adjusting the value of the first reference voltage. 37. The charging control method as described in claim 36, wherein the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on the first digital-to-analog converter (DAC). 38. The charging control method according to any one of claims 35-37, characterized in that the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode. Adjusting the value of the target voltage includes: The target voltage value is adjusted based on the first or second charging mode currently used by the adapter. 39. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, characterized in that the method further comprises: Adjust the current value of the target current. 40. The charging control method as described in claim 39, characterized in that, detecting the output current of the adapter to generate a current feedback signal includes: The output current of the adapter is sampled to obtain a second voltage, which is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the adapter; Compare the second voltage with the second reference voltage; The current feedback signal is generated based on the comparison result between the second voltage and the second reference voltage; Adjusting the target current value includes: The target current value is adjusted by adjusting the voltage value of the second reference voltage. 41. The charging control method as described in claim 40, wherein the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on the second digital-to-analog converter (DAC). 42. The charging control method as described in claim 39, wherein the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode. Adjusting the target current value includes: The target current value is adjusted based on the first or second charging mode currently used by the adapter. 43. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, characterized in that the adapter supports a first charging mode, the first charging mode being a constant voltage mode, wherein in the constant voltage mode, the target voltage is the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the target current is the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode. The method further includes: Based on the voltage feedback signal, the output voltage of the adapter is adjusted to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode; The step of stabilizing the output voltage and output current of the adapter when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter has reached the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter has reached the target current, includes: When the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter reaches the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode, the output current of the adapter is controlled to not exceed the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode. 44. The charging control method as described in claim 43, wherein the adapter includes a primary rectifier unit, a transformer, a secondary rectifier unit, and a secondary filter unit, and the primary rectifier unit directly outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform to the transformer. 45. The charging control method as described in claim 44, wherein the maximum current allowed to be output by the adapter in the constant voltage mode is determined based on the capacitance of the capacitor in the secondary filter unit. 46. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the constant current mode, the target voltage is the maximum voltage that the adapter is allowed to output in the constant current mode, and the target current is the current corresponding to the constant current mode; The method further includes: Based on the current feedback signal, the output current of the adapter is adjusted to the current corresponding to the constant current mode; The step of stabilizing the output voltage and output current of the adapter when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter has reached the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the adapter has reached the target current, includes: When the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter reaches the maximum voltage that the adapter is allowed to output in the constant current mode, the output voltage of the adapter is controlled to not exceed the maximum voltage that the adapter is allowed to output in the constant current mode. 47. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, characterized in that the adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode, and the charging speed of the adapter for the device to be charged in the second charging mode is faster than the charging speed of the adapter for the device to be charged in the first charging mode. The method further includes: During the connection process between the adapter and the device to be charged, bidirectional communication is performed with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode. 48. The charging control method as described in claim 47, characterized in that the process of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: The adapter communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to negotiate the charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged. 49. The charging control method as described in claim 48, characterized in that the step of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to negotiate the charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged includes: Send a first instruction to the device to be charged, the first instruction being used to inquire whether the device to be charged should activate the second charging mode; The system receives a response instruction to the first instruction sent by the device to be charged, wherein the response instruction to the first instruction is used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode. If the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode, the second charging mode is used to charge the device to be charged. 50. The charging control method as described in claim 47, characterized in that the process of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: The adapter communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to determine the charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged. The voltage value of the target voltage is adjusted so that it is equal to the charging voltage output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged. 51. The charging control method as described in claim 50, characterized in that, the step of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to determine the charging voltage output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode includes: Send a second instruction to the device to be charged, the second instruction being used to inquire whether the output voltage of the adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; The adapter receives a response instruction to the second instruction sent by the device to be charged. The response instruction to the second instruction is used to indicate whether the output voltage of the adapter matches, is too high, or is too low compared to the current voltage of the battery. 52. The charging control method as described in claim 47, characterized in that the process of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: The adapter communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged to determine the charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged. The target current value is adjusted so that it is equal to the charging current output by the adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged. 53. The charging control method as described in claim 52, characterized in that, the step of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to determine the charging current output by the adapter for charging the device to be charged in the second charging mode includes: Send a third instruction to the device to be charged, the third instruction being used to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; The system receives a response instruction to the third instruction sent by the device to be charged, the response instruction being used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged. The charging current output by the adapter for charging the device under the second charging mode is determined based on the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged. 54. The charging control method as described in claim 47, characterized in that the process of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control the output of the adapter in the second charging mode includes: During the charging process using the second charging mode, bidirectional communication is established with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the adapter. 55. The charging control method as described in claim 54, characterized in that the step of bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the adapter includes: A fourth instruction is sent to the device to be charged, the fourth instruction being used to query the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; The system receives a response instruction to the fourth instruction sent by the adapter, the response instruction being used to indicate the current voltage of the battery. The adapter's output current is adjusted based on the battery's current voltage. 56. The charging control method as described in claim 47, wherein the adapter includes a charging interface, and the adapter communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged via a data line in the charging interface. 57. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the adapter is a pulsating direct current. 58. The charging control method as described in claim 57, characterized in that the adapter supports a first charging mode, the first charging mode being a constant voltage mode, the adapter including a secondary filtering unit, and the method further comprising: In the first charging mode, the secondary filtering unit is controlled to operate so that the output voltage of the adapter remains constant; In the second charging mode, the secondary filter unit is controlled to stop working, so that the output current of the adapter is pulsating DC. 59. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the adapter is alternating current. 60. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter supports a second charging mode, and in the second charging mode, the output voltage and output current of the adapter are directly applied to both ends of the battery of the device to be charged, thereby directly charging the battery. 61. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter is an adapter for charging a mobile device to be charged. 62. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter includes a control unit for controlling the charging process, and the control unit is a microcontroller unit (MCU). 63. The charging control method according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein the adapter includes a charging interface, and the charging interface is a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.