HK1245858B - Method for the treatment of a textile substrate, and devices for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Description

Method for treating a textile substrate and apparatus for carrying out the method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for treating a textile substrate and to three devices for carrying out the method.

Background Art

Textile treatment methods, such as pretreatment methods, dyeing methods, or post-treatment methods, are known in a wide variety of configurations and can be performed continuously or discontinuously within the context of textile finishing of textile substrates. This term particularly includes washing, scouring, refining, and bleaching methods used within the context of textile pretreatment, dyeing methods performed within the context of dyeing (including rewashing of the dyed textile substrate), and finishing methods, by means of which the corresponding pretreated and/or dyed textile substrate is finished by contacting it with a treatment liquid containing a finishing agent, such as a softener, brightener, or antistatic agent. A characteristic of the known methods and apparatus used in this context is that they often require a relatively high liquor ratio (weight of treated fabric: volume of treatment liquid), which varies between 1:0.8 and 1:20, depending on the respective treatment method.

For example, EP 1 024 220 A1, filed by the applicant of the present application, describes a method for treating a textile substrate, wherein the textile substrate is moistened with a treatment liquid as an endless textile web, and the treatment liquid is then squeezed out directly from the textile web, wherein the squeezed-out treatment liquid is collected separately from the textile web. To achieve the desired transport of the endless textile web, the textile web is subjected to an air flow and deposited in a textile web reservoir, and then re-moistened with the treatment liquid.

Although the known method and the devices used therefor have been implemented and tested worldwide since their development about 18 years ago, in the known method, at the beginning of the treatment, the textile web to be treated is wetted with an excess of treatment liquid and then squeezed out to a predetermined residual liquid concentration, so that liquid guide lines of correspondingly large dimensions are required to introduce the treatment liquid volume required for wetting and to remove the squeezed-out treatment liquid to be removed after wetting the textile web, wherein the liquid temperature varies between about 60° C. and about 140° C., depending on the respective treatment and the respective textile substrate.

Summary of the Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method of the described type which, compared to known methods and compared to known devices, enables a further improved and economical treatment of textile substrates and, for this purpose, to provide the devices required for carrying out the treatment method.

Said object is achieved according to the invention by a method for processing a textile substrate, by a first device for carrying out the method according to the invention in the case of a textile substrate designed as an endless textile web bundle, by a second device for carrying out the method according to the invention in the case of a textile web roll designed as a flat and reversely conveyed roll, and by a third device for carrying out the method in the case of a textile substrate designed as a textile roll.

The method according to the present invention provides for treating a textile substrate by placing the textile substrate in a treatment apparatus and treating it there with an aqueous treatment liquid containing the chemicals and treatment agents required for the respective treatment in concentrations selected for the respective treatment. At the start of the treatment, the moisture content of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to a value between 40% and 180%, in particular between 60% and 160%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. Prior to, simultaneously with, and/or thereafter, the textile substrate is heated to the temperature required for the respective treatment, without using the actual treatment liquid. More specifically, depending on the respective apparatus used, the design of the textile substrate to be treated, and the structure of the treatment apparatus, the textile substrate is heated by flowing heated air or steam, in particular superheated steam, into the textile substrate, by heating the walls of the treatment apparatus and thereby by radiant heat, by at least one heat exchanger arranged in the treatment apparatus, and/or by at least one infrared radiation source. The term "temperature" used herein refers to both the starting temperature required for the respective treatment and the temperature during the treatment. In a next step, in the method according to the invention, the volume of treatment liquid to be set per unit time is determined by conducting the treatment liquid from the at least one preparation container via a bypass via a pressure pump, a flow meter, and a regulating valve back into the at least one preparation container. Once the volume of treatment liquid determined per unit time for the respective treatment has been reliably determined and reproducibly set, this volume of treatment liquid determined per unit time for the respective treatment is sprayed onto the textile substrate linearly or incrementally over a predetermined treatment time, so that the moisture content of the textile substrate is increased linearly or incrementally during the treatment by the sprayed treatment liquid volume to such an extent that, at the end of the treatment, the treated textile substrate has a moisture content of between 70% and 300%, in particular between 140% and 260%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated.

While the treatment liquid is being sprayed onto the textile substrate, the textile substrate is conveyed at a uniform speed through the treatment device as an endless web of fabric or as a flat web roll in reverse. Alternatively, if the textile substrate is designed as a fabric roll, the sprayed treatment liquid is conveyed through the textile substrate by the rotation of the fabric roll. The treatment liquid that has been separated from the textile substrate during the treatment and has not been absorbed is separated from the textile substrate, collected, and re-sprayed until a predetermined treatment time has elapsed or the treatment liquid has been sprayed onto the textile substrate to the greatest extent possible.

During the spraying of the treatment liquid to be used in the method according to the invention, with respect to the above-described transport of the textile substrate, it should be noted that the counter-conveying of the textile web roll in a flat state means transport of the textile web in which the textile web roll is first wound up in a flat state onto a first roller and then, during the spraying of a specific volume of treatment liquid per unit time, is unwound from the first roller and wound up onto a second roller arranged parallel to the first roller, wherein this winding up and unwinding is repeated until the method according to the invention is terminated. The specific volume of treatment liquid per unit time is preferably carried out during the above-described transport at a point where the textile web is present in a flat state as a single layer between the two rollers.

The term "fabric roll" as used in this description includes a textile substrate designed as a flat structure wound on a carrier or as a yarn wound on a yarn bobbin.

During the spraying of the treatment liquid, the treatment temperature can, if desired or necessary, be kept constant at a set temperature value or varied according to a predetermined temperature curve, wherein, in the case of an increase in temperature, this is achieved in particular via the heating element, which was preferably emphasized above, and not or only to a small extent via the sprayed treatment liquid, and in the case of a decrease in temperature, a corresponding heat exchanger is assigned to the treatment device.

It has surprisingly been found that in the method according to the invention, due to the humidity set at the start of the treatment, one or more water layers form on the surface of and/or in the textile substrate, so that the corresponding treatment agent (which is contained in the set treatment liquid volume per unit time) is distributed significantly more evenly and more quickly on the surface of the textile substrate due to these water layers, and thus, according to the inventors, a particularly uniform treatment of the textile substrate with the corresponding treatment agent is achieved. This is particularly evident when the corresponding treatment liquid contains a dyeing substance, in particular a water-soluble dye, as the treatment agent, because it can be seen that a uniform and therefore uniform coloration of the treated textile substrate is achieved already at the start of the treatment and throughout the entire treatment period, and this coloration remains unchanged even after the end of the method according to the invention.

The method according to the invention also has further advantages.

Since a relatively small volume of treatment liquid is sprayed onto the textile substrate per unit time in the method according to the invention, and the textile substrate is not heated, or only to a minor extent, by the treatment liquid, as described above, but is heated by other heating sources, the method according to the invention has further improved economic efficiency compared to the prior art cited at the outset. The small volume of treatment liquid can be transported in lines of correspondingly small dimensions, so that, on the one hand, heating of this small volume of treatment liquid requires significantly less energy. Due to the small dead volume, at the end of the treatment in the method according to the invention, a smaller volume of residual liquid accumulates as wastewater. Therefore, taking environmental aspects into account, the method according to the invention achieves significantly improved environmental friendliness of the treatment of textile substrates with treatment liquid compared to the previously described known methods, both in terms of wastewater and energy. Due to the low water consumption, the method according to the invention achieves significantly less treatment agent residues and also results in fewer chemicals used to carry out the method entering the wastewater. Furthermore, it has been found that textile substrates treated according to the method of the invention result in a higher dye yield during dyeing, and likewise enable foam-free dyeing and overall shorter total process times, so that correspondingly, the inventive devices for carrying out the method of the invention and described below have lower power consumption compared to conventional devices, and their productivity and availability are increased due to the shortened processing time.

It should be explicitly stated that the term "treatment liquid" as used herein refers to a liquid containing one or more actual treatment agents in order to achieve the desired treatment purpose. In addition to the actual treatment agents (in particular, surfactants, bleaches, dyes, softeners, antistatic agents, brighteners, hydrophobic agents, and/or hydrophilic agents), chemical substances such as wetting agents, carriers, leveling agents, dispersants, and emulsifiers may also be present in the treatment liquid. These chemical substances are often also referred to as textile auxiliaries and support the effectiveness of the treatment agents and/or their application to the textile substrate.

Furthermore, it should be understood that the concept “and/or” used in this description covers not only the additive solution of the listed individual elements connected thereby, but also the alternative solution, so that these elements are to be understood as optionally connected with “and” or with “or”.

Furthermore, concepts used in the singular naturally include the plural, and concepts used in the plural naturally include the singular.

The term "water" as used here encompasses what is commonly referred to as hard water and soft water in textile finishing, as well as aqueous salt solutions and aqueous systems which are admixed with corresponding amounts of acid or base to adjust the desired pH value.

Depending on the respective design of the textile substrate to be treated and on the apparatus to be used for carrying out the method according to the invention, there are several possibilities for adjusting the setpoint value for the moisture content of the textile substrate to be treated at the start of the method according to the invention.

An improvement to the previously described method of the invention (in which the textile substrate is designed as an endless fabric web bundle or as a counter-conveyed fabric web roll) proposes that, at the start of the treatment, the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted as follows: a defined volume of water is sprayed onto the textile substrate during the conveyance of the textile substrate, and the endless fabric web bundle or the fabric web roll is conveyed in the treatment device for a predetermined time until the textile substrate has, viewed over its entire surface, a humidity of between 40% and 180%, in particular between 60% and 160%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated required at the start of the treatment.

As an alternative, a variant of the previously described method provides that the textile substrate is also designed as an endless fabric web bundle or as a counter-conveying fabric web roll, and that the textile substrate is moistened with water, in particular heated water and/or saturated steam, at the start of the treatment, and that the moistened textile substrate is subsequently dehydrated to the humidity to be adjusted at the start of the treatment, as described in the first feature of the characteristic part (method feature a).

If, on the other hand, the textile substrate to be treated according to the method of the present invention is designed as a fabric roll, then in an improvement of the method of the present invention the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted at the start of the treatment as follows: a defined volume of water is sprayed onto the textile substrate and the fabric roll is rotated for such a long time that the textile substrate has the required, uniform humidity at the start, of between 40% and 180%, in particular between 60% and 160%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated.

In particular, when the textile substrate has particularly poor wetting properties, which are due, for example, to a particularly dense structure of the textile substrate, a high proportion of hydrophobic fibers in the textile substrate and/or to adhered brighteners or preparation agents used during fiber production, yarn production or production of flat-structured articles, in a modification of the method according to the invention, at least one wetting agent, preferably a wetting agent that does not foam or only slightly foams, is added to the water to be sprayed for adjusting the humidity.

If dewatering is carried out in the previously described embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the textile substrate to be treated is first moistened with water and/or saturated steam and then adjusted to the required initial moisture level of between 40% and 180%, in particular between 60% and 160% (method feature a), a further development of the method according to the invention provides that the dewatering of the textile substrate is carried out by inflow and/or throughflow of air, in particular heated air. This development is always applied when the textile substrate is treated according to the method according to the invention as an endless textile web or as a textile web roll, as will be explained in detail below in conjunction with the first and second devices for carrying out the method.

Regarding the temperature at which the textile substrate to be treated is treated, it is understood that this temperature depends on the type of treatment and on the type of fibers from which the textile substrate is composed. If the respective textile substrate to be treated consists exclusively of synthetic fibers and if this textile substrate is, for example, shrunk, washed, dyed, finished and/or softened by the treatment according to the invention, the treatment temperature ranges from 40° C. to 140° C., in particular from 60° C. to 130° C.

However, if the textile substrate consists of natural fibers and is treated according to the claimed method as described above for textile substrates consisting of synthetic fibers, the treatment temperature varies between 40° C. and 110° C.

From this it is to be understood in general that the method according to the invention itself can be carried out in a temperature range, in particular between 40°C and 140°C, independently of the fiber substrate (the textile substrate is composed of said fiber substrate), independently of the corresponding design of the textile substrate during treatment, independently of the corresponding treatment and independently of the type of construction of the textile substrate, so that accordingly a multi-purpose device can be designed as follows, so that the treatment device can preferably be constructed as a pressure vessel, in which the corresponding treatment is carried out according to the method according to the invention.

Regardless of the structure of the respective textile substrate to be treated, such as, in particular, a spun, warp-knitted or weft-knitted planar structure or a yarn, at the start of the treatment, the moisture content of the textile substrate to be treated varies accordingly, in particular, between 80% and 180% and preferably between 120% and 180% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated, this moisture value preferably applying to textile substrates that consist exclusively of natural fibers or that contain predominantly, i.e., at least 50% by weight and preferably at least 70% by weight, natural fibers.

Thus, in the previously described improvement of the method according to the invention, during the treatment according to the invention, by spraying the treatment liquid, the humidity of the textile substrate is increased at the end of the treatment to a humidity final value of, in particular, between 180% and 300% and preferably between 180% and 250% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated.

However, if the textile substrate to be treated consists solely of synthetic fibers or the textile substrate to be treated primarily, that is to say to at least 50% by weight and preferably to at least 70% by weight, contains synthetic fibers, then at the start of the treatment, the moisture content of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted accordingly to 40% to 120%, preferably 60% to 120%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated, and at the end of the treatment the final moisture content of the textile substrate is accordingly between 90% and 250%, preferably between 110% and 220%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated.

In particular, depending on the corresponding design of the corresponding textile substrate to be treated and thus on the device to be used for the corresponding treatment and the corresponding treatment to be performed, in the method according to the invention, the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time varies between 1 liter/minute and 12 liters/minute, in particular between 2 liters/minute and 8 liters/minute.

The pressure used to spray the volume of the respective treatment liquid to be metered per unit time linearly, incrementally and/or decrementally varies in the method according to the invention between 1.5 bar and 6 bar, preferably between 2 bar and 4 bar. If the respective treatment of the textile substrate is carried out in a treatment system and the pressure in the treatment system exceeds the normal pressure and thus an overpressure exists in the treatment system, this overpressure is added to the aforementioned pressure of the treatment liquid to be sprayed.

As already explained above in the method according to the invention, the textile substrate is heated to the respectively required treatment temperature during the entire treatment process by appropriately temperature-controlled air introduced into the treatment apparatus and/or by radiant heat, or a predetermined temperature profile is thereby established. It is particularly suitable when treating endless textile webs that the temperature-controlled air for the textile substrate to be treated is also simultaneously used to transport the textile web by means of a device used for this purpose and described below.

In particular, in the method of the present invention, the treatment liquid selected as a pretreatment liquid, a bleaching liquid, an alkalizing liquid, a desizing liquid, an enzyme liquid, a dyeing liquid, a washing liquid, a soap liquid, a post-treatment liquid and/or a softening liquid.

In one embodiment of the method according to the present invention, a device for carrying out the method is previously referred to as a third device, wherein, in order to adjust the humidity at the beginning of the treatment, for example, to a humidity between 40% and 180% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated, in particular between 60% and 160% (method feature a), the fabric roll is driven at a speed between 5 rpm and 1200 rpm, and after spraying a determined volume of treatment liquid per unit time, at the end of the treatment, the humidity is adjusted to a final humidity value between 60% and 300%, in particular between 70% and 120%, of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated.

In particular, in the method according to the invention, a substrate composed of or containing cotton is treated as a textile substrate and dyed, in particular, with a dyeing liquor containing at least one reactive dye. If, in this embodiment of the method according to the invention, a pretreatment of the textile substrate composed of or containing cotton is additionally performed and preferably also a post-treatment (soaping) according to the method according to the invention is performed, the advantages explained above with respect to the method according to the invention, in particular the savings in water and energy, can be achieved to a particularly high degree.

These advantages are further enhanced if the amount of salt used, which is required in conventional dyeing methods, is reduced when dyeing with at least one reactive dye, wherein the concentration of the reduced salt amount varies between 0 g/L and 30 g/L of dyeing liquor, in particular between 2 g/L and 30 g/L of dyeing liquor.

The present invention further relates to three devices for carrying out the above-described method according to the present invention.

The present invention further relates to a first device for carrying out the method according to the invention, wherein the first device comprises: a treatment device, in particular a cylindrical container constructed as a pressure body, for receiving the textile substrate to be treated in the form of an annular textile web bundle; an application nozzle for spraying the treatment liquid; a reel for supporting the transport of the annular textile web bundle continuously transported in the treatment device; a transport nozzle for the annular textile web bundle loaded with gas, in particular air, during treatment; and a liquid outlet arranged on the bottom side of the treatment device, which is used for the treatment liquid that has not been absorbed by the textile substrate. According to the present invention, it is proposed in the device that, viewed in the conveying direction of the endless fabric web to be treated, the conveying nozzle is arranged behind the reel, the application nozzle for spraying the volume of treatment liquid to be applied to the fabric web per unit time is positioned in the area of the reel, and in order to reproducibly adjust the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time, the application nozzle is equipped with a bypass, which includes a bypass calibration line, a pressure pump, a flow measuring instrument, a first regulating valve, a second valve and at least one liquid receiving container.

Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the first device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention allows for extremely energy- and liquid-saving treatment of textile substrates designed as endless textile webs while ensuring reproducible and problem-free treatment results without variability in the treatment effect, droplet spots, different color deposits during repeated dyeing, or fabric damage, such as irreversible wrinkles, tears, worn areas, or white rubs that develop during treatment. The inventors of the device attribute these positive effects to the fact that the first device according to the invention has the above-described arrangement of a reel before the delivery nozzle, and the volume of treatment liquid to be applied to the textile web per unit time is sprayed by means of the application nozzle. Furthermore, this volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time is first precisely adjusted to a predetermined value at the beginning of the treatment via a bypass, and only then is it introduced into the application nozzle and continuously sprayed onto it linearly, incrementally, and/or incrementally at a delivery speed coordinated with the respective textile substrate to be treated.

In a development of the first device according to the invention, the liquid discharge arranged on the bottom side of the treatment device is equipped with a liquid collecting container with a level control, wherein, if an adjustable level is exceeded, the relatively small amount of treatment liquid collected there is conducted via a return line provided with a pump to a liquid receiving container. The liquid collecting container ensures that, after spraying a precisely adjusted volume of treatment liquid per unit time, treatment liquid not absorbed by the textile web does not come into uncontrolled contact with the textile web again while the textile web is lowered in the device, because the liquid is collected on the bottom side via the liquid collecting container and conducted back into the liquid receiving container by means of a pump.

According to another embodiment of the device according to the invention, a liquid preparation container is provided in addition to the liquid receiving container, which supplies the treatment liquid to the liquid receiving container via a line provided with a pressure pump and a metering valve, preferably in an adjustable volume per unit time. The liquid preparation container allows, for example, a process carried out on the device according to the invention, in which multiple treatment liquids with different treatment agents are sprayed successively onto an endless textile web continuously conveyed in the device according to the invention, to be prepared in the liquid preparation container, thereby enabling such a change of treatment liquids without interruption.

In particular, in the first device of the present invention, the bypass calibration line is connected via a line extending between the bypass calibration line and the application nozzle and provided with a third valve, wherein the pressure pump then continuously introduces a previously determined volume of treatment liquid per unit time via the bypass calibration line into the application nozzle when the first regulating valve is open, the third valve is open and the second valve is closed.

In order to prevent, in the case of the device according to the invention, uncontrolled contact of the endlessly conveyed textile web with unabsorbed and unseparated treatment liquid during treatment, as already explained above, after spraying with treatment liquid, a development of the device according to the invention provides that the bottom area of the treatment device is provided with an element designed as a fabric storage for the textile web, in particular as a J-box, wherein the fabric storage or J-box has a through opening on the bottom side, so that unabsorbed and unseparated treatment liquid during treatment can no longer come into uncontrolled contact with the textile web conveyed through the device according to the invention. In particular, the previously described small-volume liquid collecting container with an associated level control is arranged below this element.

In particular, in the device according to the invention, the reel is arranged in a housing connected to the treatment device, wherein the application nozzles for spraying the treatment liquid are positioned on the head side of the housing. This particular arrangement ensures that, while the endless textile web is being conveyed through the machine, a specific volume of treatment liquid per unit time is sprayed particularly evenly onto the textile web to be treated via the application nozzles arranged on the head side of the housing.

According to a further embodiment of the first device according to the invention, a dewatering module for the endless textile web and/or further feed nozzles operable with treatment fluid are arranged within the treatment device.

In particular, if the treatment apparatus has, in addition to the air-operated transport nozzles, additional transport nozzles for the textile web that can be operated with a treatment liquid, such a device can be used not only for carrying out the method according to the invention but also as any conventional treatment apparatus known per se, since the endless textile web can then be continuously transported by the transport nozzles that can be operated with a treatment liquid during the short, known liquid treatment period. It should be expressly understood that these additional transport nozzles for the textile web that can be operated with a treatment liquid are not used in carrying out the method according to the invention, as described above, since the transport of the textile required for the method according to the invention is performed solely by the transport nozzles that are acted upon by gas, particularly air. In particular, these additional transport nozzles that can be operated with a treatment liquid are arranged downstream of the reel in the transport direction of the respective textile web and can, in particular also when carrying out the method according to the invention on the first device, additionally be used to dewater the endless textile web transported through the treatment apparatus at the start of treatment to a moisture content of between 40% and 180%, particularly between 60% and 160%, of the dry weight of the respective endless textile web to be treated.

In particular, in the first device according to the invention, the dewatering module is arranged upstream of the reel, viewed in the conveying direction of the textile web, and the optionally provided conveying nozzles operable with treatment fluid are arranged downstream of the reel.

Preferably, the dewatering module included in the device according to the invention is designed such that the dewatering module has a tubular guide for the textile strand, which is connected via a line to a side channel blower, in particular a frequency-controlled side channel blower, wherein air compressed thereby and heated via a heat exchanger is introduced into the textile strand guide, while simultaneously air flowing through the textile strand guide is drawn from the textile strand guide via a fly filter, a cooler and/or a water separator and directed back to the side channel blower. In particular, the introduction of the compressed and heated air and the removal of the air flowing through the textile strand guide are arranged on opposite sides of the textile strand guide.

There are several possible designs for the fabric web guide. A first possibility provides that the fabric web guide of the dewatering module is designed as a tube extending in the conveying direction of the endless fabric web. To eliminate the risk of damage to the endless fabric web to be dewatered during its conveyance through the fabric web guide, the inner surface of the fabric web guide is preferably partially or completely lined with a plastic material, in particular, Teflon.

Another embodiment of the fabric strand guide provides that the tube extending in the conveying direction of the endless fabric strand has an angular, rounded, or oval cross section. Such a tubular fabric strand guide, designed with respect to its cross section, is always provided when the first device according to the invention is used to dewater an endless fabric strand in which no additional precautions need to be taken due to its width, its weight per unit area, and/or its structural sensitivity to undesirable surface roughness.

If, however, the device according to the invention is to be used to dewater fabrics of different widths, densities, surface damage susceptibility, and/or weight per unit area through a dewatering module, a versatile design of the dewatering module provides for the fabric guide of the dewatering module to have a cross-section with adjustable diameter. Depending on the respective fabric strand to be dewatered, the cross-section of the fabric guide can be varied and adapted accordingly with this design of the fabric guide, with regard to its diameter. This results in both optimally and damage-free transport of the fabric strand through the fabric strand guide and in optimal dewatering of the fabric strand.

It is particularly suitable to provide a dewatering module in the device according to the invention, whose web guide has an adjustable cross-section, so that the web guide can be adjusted in terms of its diameter to the respective web to be processed. In particular, this embodiment of the web guide has a rectangular cross-section, wherein the rectangular cross-section is formed by two mutually interlocking U-shaped sections. The first U-shaped section is connected to the connection on the pressure side of the side channel blower, and the second U-shaped section is connected to the connection on the suction side of the side channel blower. At least one of the two U-shaped sections is movably mounted to change the cross-section of the web guide, wherein the second U-shaped section is preferably movable in the direction of the first U-shaped section and in the opposite direction thereto, as will be further explained below with reference to the specific design of the web guide in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In another embodiment of the fabric strand guide in the dewatering module, the fabric strand guide also has a cross-section that is adjustable in diameter. It is proposed that the fabric strand guide be designed as a tube. The tube also has a U-shaped cross-section, with the legs of the U-shaped cross-section connected to one another at the head side by a first, outwardly curved wall section, forming an outer tube. A second region, curved opposite to the first wall section, is arranged within the outer tube and is movably mounted toward and away from the first wall section, thereby enabling the cross-section of the fabric strand guide to be reduced or increased accordingly.

In particular, in the embodiment described previously, which will also be explained below as an example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, when the outwardly arched first wall section is provided with a connection to the at least one pressure side of the side channel blower and the arched second area is provided with a connection to the at least one suction side of the side channel blower, further optimized dewatering of the fabric web can be achieved in such a way that the fabric web is always tightly attached to the arched second area when it is conveyed through the dewatering module and the water to be removed is thereby optimally extracted via the connection to the suction side of the side channel blower.

Another design of the dewatering module, particularly optimized with regard to dewatering, provides that the pressure-side connection of the side channel blower to the fabric strand guide is designed as a nozzle. The efficiency of the dewatering module is also further improved by providing an extraction space in the fabric strand guide in the suction-side connection of the side channel blower for extracting water from the fabric strand during dewatering.

A second apparatus according to the present invention for carrying out the method according to the present invention described above comprises a treatment device and two driven cylindrical rollers. The treatment device is configured to receive a textile substrate to be treated in the form of a fabric web of a predetermined length. The rollers are driven so that during treatment, the fabric web is conveyed from one roller to the other and vice versa, guided and held flat by deflecting rollers. Furthermore, the treatment device is provided with a liquid outlet on the bottom side for treatment liquid not absorbed by the textile substrate. According to the present invention, at least one application nozzle is provided within the treatment device, arranged parallel to the width of the fabric web and spaced apart from the fabric web. The at least one application nozzle is configured as a number of application nozzles adapted to the width of the fabric web, preferably identically designed. A nip is provided between the rollers. In order to reproducibly adjust the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time, the at least one application nozzle in the second apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a bypass comprising a bypass calibration line, a pressure pump, a flow meter, a first regulating valve, a second valve, and at least one liquid receiving container.

In this second device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention, it has also surprisingly been found that the second device allows for very energy-saving and liquid-saving treatment of a textile web that is transported back and forth in countercurrent between two rollers, wherein the treatment device is preferably designed as a closed treatment device and, in particular, as an autoclave. The treatment carried out using the second embodiment of the device according to the invention shows no treatment unevenness, no droplet spots, and no different color deposits, even in the case of repeated dyeing or damage to the textile web. The inventors of the second device according to the invention attribute this positive effect to the fact that the treatment device includes at least one application nozzle arranged at intervals, in particular at variable intervals, parallel to the width of the textile web, and preferably the number of individual application nozzles is adapted to the textile width, and the volume of treatment liquid to be applied to the textile web per unit time is sprayed by means of the at least one application nozzle. Furthermore, thanks to the fact that the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time is first precisely adjusted to a predetermined value via a bypass at the start of the treatment, and only then introduced into the at least one application nozzle and continuously sprayed onto it linearly, incrementally, and/or incrementally at a delivery speed coordinated with the respective textile substrate to be treated, extensive dyeing operations carried out with the second device according to the present invention, particularly in the case of woven textile webs, have shown that the thus dyed textile webs are uniformly dyed and exhibit neither color length nor color width variations. In particular, with very densely-knitted textiles or relatively thick textile webs, such as terry fabrics, tent canvas, or fabrics for canvas production, or other industrial textiles that are knitted to a particularly dense consistency, the nip mechanism arranged between the rollers ensures that, in addition to the volume of treatment liquid sprayed per unit time, the treatment liquid is transported and distributed particularly evenly across the thickness of the textile web. Furthermore, the pressing mechanism allows the moisture content of the textile web to be adjusted particularly easily to the moisture content value specified in method feature a at the start of the method according to the invention, wherein for this purpose a water volume is selected which approximately ensures the required starting moisture content, and the precise adjustment of the moisture content of the textile web to be provided for the respective method according to the invention is then carried out with the aid of the pressing mechanism. Thus, the pressing mechanism is not necessarily, but expediently, included in the second device according to the invention.

In a further development of the second device according to the invention, a liquid collecting container with a level control is provided on the bottom side of the treatment device. When the treatment liquid collected therein exceeds an adjustable level, it is directed via a return line provided with a pump to a liquid receiving container. The liquid collecting container ensures that, after spraying a precisely adjusted volume of treatment liquid per unit time, the treatment liquid does not come into uncontrolled contact with the textile web again during transport in the device.

Like the first device according to the invention, the second device according to the invention also has, in addition to the liquid receiving container, a liquid preparation container, which supplies the treatment liquid via a line provided with a pressure pump and a metering valve into the liquid receiving container, preferably in an adjustable volume per unit time. The liquid preparation container allows, for example, a process that is carried out on the device according to the invention and in which multiple treatment liquids with different treatment agents are sprayed successively onto a textile web that is continuously transported in the device according to the invention to be prepared in the liquid preparation container, thereby enabling such a change of treatment liquids without interruption.

In particular, also in the second device according to the invention, the bypass calibration line is connected via a line extending between the bypass calibration line and the application nozzle and provided with a third valve, wherein the pressure pump then continuously introduces a volume of treatment liquid previously determined per unit time via the bypass calibration line into the at least one application nozzle when the first regulating valve is open, the third valve is open and the second valve is closed.

In order to ensure a defined and reproducible adjustment of the process temperature in the second device according to the invention, a further development of the second device according to the invention provides that the process container is equipped with a heating element or a heat exchanger and/or infrared radiator is arranged inside the process container, the heating element preferably being used for the air or steam to be fed into the process container.

A third apparatus according to the present invention for carrying out the previously described method of the present invention comprises a processing device with a central, horizontally extending centrifugal shaft for holding the textile substrate to be processed during processing. The textile substrate to be processed is in the form of a yarn reel or a textile web wound onto a fabric web beam. The centrifugal shaft has at least one horizontally extending central hole connected to at least one liquid discharge port. Furthermore, the centrifugal shaft has a rotary drive at one end and a support at the other end, as well as an end-side liquid inlet leading to the horizontally extending central hole. The rotary drive and support are arranged outside the processing device, and the processing device is provided with a liquid discharge port. A device having these features is known from patent DE 10 2015 012 544.3, which is also from the applicant of the present application. Therefore, to avoid repetition, the disclosure of DE 10 2015 012 544.3 is incorporated herein by reference.

According to the invention, in the previously described device, the at least one liquid discharge opening is located in the centrifugal shaft next to the horizontally extending central bore and is designed as an application nozzle. However, it is preferred that several or all liquid discharge openings are designed as application nozzles. To reproducibly adjust the volume of treatment liquid to be applied per unit time, the central bore is provided with a bypass as a liquid inlet. The bypass comprises a bypass calibration line, a pressure pump, a flow meter, a first regulating valve, a second valve, and at least one liquid receiving container. A liquid outlet is provided on the bottom side of the treatment device for treatment liquid that has not been absorbed by the textile substrate.

As already described above with respect to the first and second devices according to the present invention, the bypass allows for precise adjustment of the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time, wherein the rotation of the centrifugal shaft during treatment results in a uniform distribution of the treatment liquid over the thickness of the yarn package or textile web roll. Depending on the respective textile substrate to be treated, in particular its density, its structure, and also the type of fiber substrate from which the textile substrate is formed, a speed within the speed range already described above in connection with the method according to the present invention is selected for the rotation.

The third device of the present invention also has similar or identical advantages as described above for the method of the present invention and for the first and second devices of the present invention, so reference is made thereto to avoid repetition.

An improved version of the third device according to the present invention described above provides that the liquid outlet arranged on the bottom side of the treatment equipment is equipped with a liquid collecting container with a horizontal control part, so that when the adjustable level is exceeded, the treatment liquid collected here is introduced into the liquid receiving container via a return line provided with a pump.

An advantageous refinement of the third device according to the present invention provides that, in addition to the liquid receiving container, a liquid preparation container is also provided, which supplies the corresponding treatment liquid to the liquid receiving container via a line equipped with a pressure pump and a metering valve, preferably in an adjustable volume per unit time. In particular, in a process that is performed on the third device according to the present invention and in which multiple treatment liquids with different treatment agents are sprayed sequentially onto the textile substrate to be treated in the third device according to the present invention, the liquid preparation container can be prepared, thereby enabling such a change of treatment liquids without interruption.

Another advantageous development of the third device of the present invention provides that the bypass calibration line is connected via a line extending between the bypass calibration line and the central hole and provided with a third valve, wherein the pressure pump then continuously introduces a previously determined volume of treatment liquid per unit time via the bypass calibration line into the central hole and thereby into the application nozzle when the first regulating valve is open, the third valve is open and the second valve is closed.

In particular, in all of the previously described embodiments of the device according to the invention, the application nozzle is designed as a flat jet nozzle, an annular nozzle or a conical nozzle, preferably as a flat nozzle or as a full cone nozzle.

Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention and of three devices according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention are given in the detailed description of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be further described in detail.

FIG1 shows a schematic first view of a first device for processing an endless textile web;

2 shows a schematic diagram of a vertical section through a first embodiment of a web guide 12 a of a dewatering module, generally designated 12 in FIG. 1 ;

FIG3 is shown as FIG2 , but as a horizontal section along the line A-B in FIG2 ;

4 shows a schematic diagram of a vertical section of a second embodiment of a web guide portion 12 a of a dewatering module, generally designated 12 in FIG. 1 ;

FIG5 is shown as FIG4 , but as a horizontal section along the line A-B in FIG4 ;

6 shows a schematic diagram of a vertical section of a third embodiment of a fabric web guide portion 12a of a dewatering module, generally designated 12 in FIG. 1 ;

FIG7 is shown as FIG6 , but as a horizontal section along the line A-B in FIG6 ;

8 shows a schematic diagram of a vertical section through a fourth embodiment of a web guide portion 12 a of a dewatering module, generally designated 12 in FIG. 1 ;

FIG9 is shown as FIG8 , but as a horizontal section along the line A-B in FIG8 ;

FIG. 10 shows a second schematic illustration of a device for processing a textile web roll in a flattened state that is transported in reverse in a processing device; and

FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a third device for treating a textile substrate designed as a fabric roll, wherein the sprayed treatment liquid is conveyed by the rotation of the fabric roll.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In Figures 1 to 11, identical components are provided with identical reference numerals.

The apparatus depicted in FIG1 is used for treating endless textile webs with a treatment liquid according to the method described above and is referred to above as the first apparatus. It comprises a treatment device 1 extending cylindrically in the longitudinal direction. The front and rear sides of the treatment device 1 are curved, thereby enabling the treatment of the textile web 32 at treatment temperatures exceeding 100° C. and, therefore, under overpressure. The treatment device 1 is charged with the respective textile web 32 to be treated via a charging opening 1 a. The respective textile web 32 is drawn into the treatment device 1 by means of a reel 4, which is arranged at the head end of the treatment device 1, and optionally, by means of an air-actuated delivery nozzle 6, until an endless textile web can be produced by sewing the beginning and end of the textile web. After the loading opening 1a is closed, the treatment device 1 is set up for the respective treatment to be performed on the endless textile web 32, which, during the treatment with the respective treatment liquid, is conveyed only via the driven reel 4 and the air-actuated conveying nozzles 6 at a correspondingly selected speed in the direction of the arrow 31. As seen in the conveying direction 31, an element 2 designed as a J-box is arranged downstream of the reel 4 and the air-actuated conveying nozzles 6. This element 2 ensures that, on the one hand, the textile web is folded, laid down, and conveyed further in the element 2, and, on the other hand, the treatment liquid sprayed onto the conveyed endless textile web via the application nozzles 24 does not come into contact with the endless textile web again.

Viewed in the conveying direction 31 of the endless fabric web, this is followed by the fabric web guide 12 a of the dewatering module 12 , which is described in more detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 2 to 9 .

The air required for conveying the textile web is introduced into the conveying nozzle 6 by sucking air from the treatment device 1 via the blower 3, in particular via a frequency-controlled blower, and guiding it via corresponding lines into the conveying nozzle 6. The air introduced into the conveying nozzle 6 can be heated to a predetermined temperature via a heating element 9 associated with the treatment device 1 and/or via a heat exchanger (not shown), which is preferably arranged downstream of the blower 3, so that the endlessly conveyed textile web 32 is also heated accordingly by the air.

Exclusively with the view to increasing the usability of the device and not for the purpose of carrying out the method claimed here, the treatment plant 1 is equipped with a liquid circuit comprising a liquid pump 10, a heat exchanger 11 and a delivery nozzle 5 operable with liquid, wherein a line for liquid delivery draws off treatment liquid on the bottom side of the treatment plant and introduces it via the liquid pump 10 and the heat exchanger 11 arranged in the line to the delivery nozzle 5 to be loaded with the liquid.

In order to determine an adjustable volume of treatment liquid per unit time and to spray it reproducibly via an application nozzle 24, which is preferably designed as a flat jet nozzle, onto the endless textile web bundle that is conveyed through the treatment device by means of the conveying nozzle 6, the application nozzle 24, which is arranged on the head side of the housing 24a of the reel 4, is equipped with a bypass, which comprises a bypass calibration line 23, a pressure pump 19, a flow meter 20, a first regulating valve 21, a second valve 21a and at least one liquid receiving container 18.

The corresponding treatment liquid is conveyed via a bypass calibration line 23 via a pressure pump 19, a flow meter 20, a first regulating valve 21, a heat exchanger 22, and an open second valve 21a until the desired volume of treatment liquid per unit time is reproducibly introduced into the liquid receiving container 18 via the bypass calibration line 23. Only then is the third valve 21c opened, while the second valve 21a is simultaneously closed. The bypass calibration line 23 is connected to the application nozzle 24 via the third valve. As a result, the predetermined volume of treatment liquid per unit time is applied linearly, incrementally, and/or incrementally via the line 21b of the application nozzle 24 onto the conveyed endless textile web until the predetermined treatment time has elapsed or the treatment liquid has been applied as fully as possible to the textile substrate. "As fully as possible" in this sense means that, with the exception of a small dead volume in the lines carrying the treatment liquid, nearly the entire liquid is applied to the textile substrate to be treated. This dead volume, which is determined by the lines and the container, amounts to between approximately 2% and 6% of the total liquid volume.

A liquid outlet is arranged on the bottom side of the treatment device 1, which has a liquid collection container 8 with a level control. When an adjustable level is exceeded, the treatment liquid collected here is introduced into the liquid receiving container 18 via a return line 8a provided with a pump 26.

In this case, the previously described element 2 arranged in the treatment device 1 prevents any small portions of the treatment liquid previously sprayed via the application nozzles 24 from coming into undesired contact again with the textile web 32 .

The device also has a liquid preparation container 27, which is connected to the liquid receiving container 18 via a line 27a, so that treatment liquid can be fed from the liquid preparation container 27 via the line 27a, which is provided with a further pressure pump 28 and a metering valve 29, into the liquid receiving container 18, preferably in an adjustable volume per unit time. This makes it possible, for example, to separate the original treatment liquid into two treatment liquids containing different treatment agents, or to separate the original treatment liquid into a first treatment sub-liquid arranged in the liquid receiving container 18 and a second treatment sub-liquid arranged in the liquid preparation container 27, so that a controlled, time-staggered application of the same or different treatment agents is achieved by the time-staggered addition of the second treatment sub-liquid relative to the first treatment sub-liquid.

The loop check 7 ensures that the speed of the conveyed endless textile web is detected and that it is conveyed at a regulated speed, preferably a constant speed, during the treatment.

In a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, particularly good treatment results are achieved if a heat exchanger (not shown) is arranged in the flow direction of the air introduced into the delivery nozzle 6 so that the textile web impinged by the air has an adjustable constant temperature.

The dewatering module, generally designated 12 and arranged in the processing plant, has a tubular guide 12a for the textile strand 32, which is connected to a side channel blower 14, in particular a frequency-controlled side channel blower, via a line 34. Air compressed therein and, if necessary, also heated via a heat exchanger 13, is introduced into the textile strand guide 12a, while the textile strand guide 12a simultaneously draws the air flowing through the textile strand 32 via a fly filter 17, a cooler 16, and/or a water separator 15 and introduces it back into the side channel blower 14.

The dewatering module 12 will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9 described below.

The dewatering module, generally designated 12 in FIG. 1 , includes a tubular guide 12a for an endless web of fabric. The web of fabric guide 12a is connected to the pressure side of a side-channel blower 14 on the head side, as viewed in the conveying direction 31 of the endless web of fabric 32. The air temperature increases to approximately 40° C. to approximately 95° C. due to the compression of the air in the side-channel blower 14. If desired or necessary, the temperature of the compressed air conveyed in the direction of arrow 33 can be further increased via a heat exchanger 13. Heated air is then introduced into the tubular web of fabric guide 12a at the pressure-side connection, while air flowing through the web of fabric guide 12a is simultaneously removed from the bottom side of the web of fabric guide 12a via a fly filter 17, a cooler 16, and/or a water separator 15 and introduced back to the side-channel blower 14. There are several possibilities for designing the dewatering module 12 and in particular the tubular fabric web guide 12 a , as will be explained in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 9 .

The first embodiment of the web guide 12a of the dewatering module, shown in Figures 2 and 3, has an upper pressure-side connection and a lower suction-side connection 109 leading to the side-channel blower 14. Compressed air is introduced in the direction of arrow 100 via the pressure-side connection 108, guided through the web 32, and discharged in the direction of arrow 100a via the suction-side connection 109. The endless web to be dewatered (not shown) is conveyed in the direction of arrow 31 through the web guide 12a by means of the reel 4 and/or the conveying nozzles 6 (Figure 1) at a predetermined speed controlled by the circulation control unit 7, and thereby dewatered uniformly.

The fabric web guide 12a has funnel-shaped widenings 119a and 119b on the inlet and outlet sides, respectively, which facilitate the introduction and removal of the fabric web strand 32 to be dewatered. A cylindrical center region 119c extends between the two funnel-shaped widenings. The pressure-side connection 108 and the suction-side connection 109 are arranged on opposite sides of the cylindrical center region 119c. The air outlet opening of the pressure-side connection 108 is designed as a nozzle, and the air inlet opening of the suction-side connection 109 is designed as a perforated plate 119d with a sliding rod 119e made of Teflon arranged upstream. This prevents the endless fabric web strand 32 conveyed through the fabric web guide 12a from being sucked into the suction-side connection 109 during dewatering, which could damage the fabric web. Furthermore, a sound conveyance of the fabric web is achieved by the improvement of the fabric web guide 12a in that the cylindrical section 119c of the fabric web guide 12a is lined from the inside with Teflon 119f.

As can be seen from FIG2 , the center axes of the pressure-side connection 108 and the suction-side connection 109 are arranged offset relative to one another, so that, viewed in the conveying direction 31 of the textile web, the center axis of the suction-side connection 109 is arranged relatively higher than the center axis of the pressure-side connection 108. This offset arrangement of the center axes ensures that air entrained during the conveying of the textile web can be better and more quickly removed from the textile web guide 12a at the suction-side connection 109. The cross-section of the textile web guide 12a depicted in FIG2 and 3 is fixed.

The second embodiment of the fabric web guide 12a, shown in Figures 4 and 5, has a pressure-side connection 108 and a suction-side connection 109 to the side-channel blower 14 (Figure 1). Compressed air is introduced in the direction of arrow 100 via the pressure-side connection 108, guided through the fabric web strand 32, and discharged in the direction of arrow 100a via the suction-side connection 109. The fabric web strand 32 to be dewatered (Figure 1) is conveyed in the direction of arrow 31 through the fabric web guide 12a at a predetermined speed using the reel 4 and/or the conveying nozzle 6 (Figure 1).

The fabric web guide 12a has funnel-shaped expansions 119a and 119b on the inlet and outlet sides, respectively, which facilitate the introduction and removal of the fabric web bundle to be dewatered. A rectangular, tubular center region 120 extends between the two funnel-shaped expansions. The pressure-side connection 108 and the suction-side connection 109 are arranged on opposite sides of the rectangular, tubular center region 120. The air outlet opening of the pressure-side connection 108 is designed as a nozzle.

The nozzle 108 is equipped with a first U-shaped section 124 such that it partially surrounds a second U-shaped section 121, located at the suction-side connection 109, while forming a rectangular, tubular central region 120. Legs 122 of the second U-shaped section 121 rest airtightly against legs 122a of the first U-shaped section 124. The tubular suction-side connection 109 is located on the bottom side of the second U-shaped region 121. A through-opening is provided in this bottom-side region 123. To vary the cross-section of the fabric web guide 12a, the suction-side connection 109 can be moved toward and away from the pressure-side connection 108, as indicated by double arrow 118. Accordingly, the cross-section of the fabric web guide 12a can be adjusted to a smaller or larger size. This makes it possible to adapt the fabric web guide 12a to the respective fabric web bundle 32 to be dewatered, thereby further optimizing the degree of dewatering and the sound transport of the fabric.

The third embodiment of a dewatering module 12a, illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, includes a fabric strand guide 12a having a pressure-side connection 108 and a suction-side connection 109 leading to a side-channel blower 14. Compressed air is introduced in the direction of arrow 100 via the pressure-side connection 108, directed through the fabric strand 32, and discharged in the direction of arrow 100a via the suction-side connection 109. The fabric strand to be dewatered (not shown) is conveyed in the direction of arrow 31 at a predetermined speed through the fabric strand guide 12a by means of a reel 4 and/or a conveying nozzle 6. The fabric strand guide 12a has funnel-shaped expansions 119a and 119b on the inlet and outlet sides, respectively, to facilitate the introduction and removal of the fabric strand 32 to be dewatered. Between the two funnel-shaped widenings 119a and 119b extends a central region 125, which partially has a U-shaped cross section 126, wherein the legs 127 and 127a of the U-shaped cross section 126 are connected to one another by a first wall section 128 that is curved outward, forming an outer tube in the central region 125. Within the outer tube is arranged a second region 129 that is curved opposite to the first wall section and is mounted so as to be movably in the direction of and away from the first wall section 128, as indicated by the double arrow 118.

The outwardly curved first wall section 128 is provided with the pressure-side connection 108, and the curved second region 129 is provided with the suction-side connection 109 to the side-channel blower 14. A through-opening is arranged in the curved second region 129. This embodiment also allows the cross-section of the web guide 12a to be increased or decreased in order to adapt it to the respective web to be dewatered. In this design, the pressure-side connection 108 is also configured as a nozzle.

The fourth embodiment of the web guide 12a of the dewatering module 12, shown in Figures 8 and 9, also has a pressure-side connection 108 and a suction-side connection 109 to the side-channel blower 14 (Figure 1). Compressed air is introduced in the direction of arrow 100 via the pressure-side connection, directed through the web strand 32, and discharged via the suction-side connection in the direction of arrow 110a (Figure 9). The endless web strand 32 to be dewatered is conveyed in the direction of arrow 31 through the web guide 12a (Figure 1) at a predetermined speed by means of the reel 4 and/or the conveying nozzles 6.

The fabric web guide 12a has funnel-shaped widenings 119a and 119b on the inlet and outlet sides, respectively, which facilitate the introduction and removal of the fabric web bundle 32 to be dewatered. A central region 125 extends between the two funnel-shaped widenings. Opposite surfaces of the central region 125 are provided with a pressure-side connection 108 and a suction-side connection 109. In this fourth embodiment, the air outlet opening of the pressure-side connection 108 is also designed as a nozzle.

The rectangularly shaped middle region 125 of the fabric web guide 12a has an extraction space 130 on the side opposite the pressure-side connection 108, which is pivotable in the direction of arrow 118 and is also mounted displaceably in the direction of arrow 118a relative to the pressure-side connection 108. The displaceable and pivotable mounting of the extraction space 130 relative to the pressure-side connection 108 makes it possible to enlarge or reduce the cross section of the fabric web guide 12a, depending on the respective endless fabric web strand, by pivoting the extraction space 130 in the direction of arrow 118 and/or by moving the extraction space 130 in the direction of arrow 118a. The pivotable mounting of the extraction space 130 in the direction of arrow 118 also optimizes the position of the extraction surface for the air flowing through the endless fabric web strand. An air through-opening 132 is provided on the end surface 131 of the extraction space 130 so that the air sucked in at the connection portion 109 on the suction side reaches the extraction space 130 .

Within the treatment device 1, at least one application nozzle 24 is provided depending on the width of the fabric web, but usually a plurality of application nozzles 24 are provided, the number of which is to be or has been matched to the fabric web width, wherein the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time is sprayed onto the fabric web during the transport of the fabric web 32a via one application nozzle 24 or a plurality of application nozzles 24.

As already emphasized above, the pressing device Q1 is not absolutely and absolutely necessary; however, when processing particularly densely packed fabrics or relatively thick fabric webs, such as terry fabrics, tent canvas, fabrics for canvas production, or other industrial fabrics that are arranged to be particularly dense, it is always very expedient to arrange the pressing device Q1 in the processing device 1. The pressing device Q1 is also advantageous if, at the beginning of the method described above, in order to set the required starting moisture of the respective fabric web to be treated, not the required water volume, but a water volume greater than the required water volume is sprayed onto the conveyed fabric web per unit time via the application nozzles 24, so that the desired precise starting moisture of the fabric web can be set by pressing out with the help of the pressing device Q1.

Furthermore, the treatment device 1 is equipped with a heating element, generally designated 9, for heating the textile web to a predetermined treatment temperature. In the arrangement shown in FIG10 , the heating element comprises a corresponding line, a blower 9 a in the line, viewed in the flow direction of the air to be heated, and a downstream heat exchanger 9 b. Air is drawn from the treatment device via the heating element 9 via the line through the blower 9 a and, after passing through the heat exchanger 9 b, is introduced into the treatment device 1 as heated air.

On the bottom side, as in the first device described above, a liquid collecting container 8 with a horizontal adjustment part is arranged on the processing equipment, so that liquid that may drip from the fabric web is collected and guided into the liquid receiving container 18 via the return line 8a, so that this collected liquid comes into contact with the fabric web again during processing.

In order to determine and reproducibly spray an adjustable volume of treatment liquid per unit time via the one application nozzle 24 or the multiple application nozzles 24, which are preferably constructed as flat nozzles, onto the fabric web 32 transported in opposite directions between the rollers W1 and W2, the one application nozzle 24 or the multiple application nozzles 24 are equipped with a bypass, which includes a bypass calibration line 23, a pressure pump 19, a flow meter 20, a first regulating valve 21, a second valve 21a and at least one liquid receiving container 18.

As already described above in the first device, the corresponding treatment liquid is conveyed via the bypass calibration line 23 via the pressure pump 19, the flow meter 20, the first regulating valve 21, the heat exchanger 22, and via the opened second valve 21a and the bypass calibration line 23 until the volume of treatment liquid to be adjusted per unit time is reproducibly introduced into the liquid receiving container 18 via the bypass calibration line 23. Only then is the third valve 21c opened, while at the same time the second valve 21a is closed, and the bypass calibration line 23 is connected to the application nozzle 24 via the third valve. As a result, the volume of treatment liquid determined per unit time is sprayed linearly, incrementally, and/or incrementally via the line 21b of the application nozzle 24 onto the conveyed endless textile web until the predetermined treatment time has elapsed or the treatment liquid has been sprayed onto the textile substrate as far as possible.

"As far as possible" in this sense means that, with the exception of a small dead volume in the lines that guide the treatment liquid, almost the entire liquid is sprayed onto the textile substrate to be treated, wherein this dead volume determined by the lines and the container amounts to approximately between 2% and 6% of the total liquid volume.

In addition, the device has a liquid preparation container 27, which is connected to the liquid receiving container 18 via a line 27a, so that the treatment liquid can be supplied from the liquid preparation container 27 via the line 27a provided with a further pressure pump 28 and provided with a metering valve 29 into the liquid preparation container 18, preferably in an adjustable volume per unit time.

In this way, the original treatment liquid can be divided into two treatment liquids, for example, which contain different treatment agents; or the original treatment liquid contains multiple treatment agents and is thus divided into a first treatment sub-liquid arranged in the liquid receiving container 18 and a second treatment sub-liquid arranged in the liquid preparation container 27, so that the controlled time-staggered effect of the same or different treatment agents can be achieved by the time-staggered addition of the second treatment sub-liquid and the first treatment sub-liquid.

The third apparatus for carrying out the method described above, depicted in FIG11 , includes a treatment device 1 having a central, horizontally extending centrifugal shaft 170 for holding a textile substrate 171 to be treated during treatment. The textile substrate to be treated with the treatment liquid is designed as a yarn reel, that is, a yarn bobbin 171, or as a textile web wound onto a textile web beam. The centrifugal shaft 170 has a horizontally extending central bore 170a, wherein the horizontally extending central bore 170a is provided with at least one drainage opening, and preferably multiple drainage openings, wherein the drainage openings are configured as one or multiple application nozzles 24. Furthermore, the centrifugal shaft 170 is provided with a rotational drive 172 with adjustable speed at one end and a support 173 at the other end, wherein both the rotational drive 172 and the support 173 are positioned outside the treatment device 1.

The liquid is introduced into the central hole 170a provided in the centrifugal shaft 170 at a location indicated at its height by the reference numeral 170a in FIG11 . The treatment device 1 is provided with a small liquid collecting container 8 on the bottom side, which has a level adjustment so that the liquid that has not been absorbed by the textile substrate and has been centrifuged can be collected in the liquid collecting container if a predetermined level is exceeded and can be discharged via a return line 8a.

Furthermore, the processing device 1 is equipped with a heating element, generally designated 9, for heating the fabric roll to a predetermined processing temperature. In the arrangement shown in FIG11 , the heating element comprises a corresponding line, a blower 9 a in the line, viewed in the flow direction of the air to be heated, and a downstream heat exchanger 9 b. Air is drawn from the processing device 1 via the heating element 9 via the line through the blower 9 a and, after passing through the heat exchanger 9 b, is introduced into the processing device 1 as heated air.

In order to equip the processing device 1 with the textile substrate to be processed (yarn bobbin, fabric web roll) and to remove the textile substrate therefrom after the processing is completed, the processing device is constructed in two parts and has a removable part, which is connected to the support seat 173, wherein the processing centrifuge only schematically shown in Figure 11 is described in detail in DE102015012544.3, so that in order to avoid repetition, the disclosure content of DE102015012544.3 is used as the content of this specification.

In order to determine and reproducibly spray an adjustable volume of treatment liquid per unit time via one application nozzle 24 or multiple application nozzles 24, which are preferably designed as flat nozzles, onto a fabric roll 171 rotating at an adjustable speed, the one application nozzle 24 or multiple application nozzles 24 are equipped with a bypass, which includes a bypass calibration line 23, a pressure pump 19, a flow meter 20, a first regulating valve 21, a second valve 21a and at least one liquid receiving container 18.

As already described above in the first and second devices, the corresponding process liquid is conveyed via the bypass calibration line 23 via the pressure pump 19, the flow meter 20, the first regulating valve 21, the heat exchanger 22, and via the opened second valve 21a and the bypass calibration line 23 until the process liquid volume to be set per unit time is reproducibly introduced into the liquid receiving container 18 via the bypass calibration line 23. Only then is the third valve 21c opened, while the second valve 21a is simultaneously closed, and the bypass calibration line 23 is connected via the third valve via the central opening 170a provided in the centrifugal shaft 170 to the application nozzle 24. As a result, the process liquid volume determined per unit time is applied linearly, incrementally, and/or incrementally via the line 21b, via the central opening 170a, and thus via the application nozzle 24, onto the textile roll on the centrifugal shaft rotating at a predetermined speed, until the predetermined treatment time has elapsed or the process liquid has been applied to the textile substrate as far as possible.

The humidity to be determined at the beginning of the method (according to method feature a) is also adjusted in a similar manner, for which the treatment fluid used in the previous paragraph is replaced by water, so that a corresponding volume of water is reproducibly applied instead of the treatment fluid volume.

In addition, the device has a liquid preparation container 27, which is connected to the liquid receiving container 18 via a line 27a, so that the treatment liquid can be supplied from the liquid preparation container 27 via the line 27a provided with a further pressure pump 28 and provided with a metering valve 29 into the liquid receiving container 18, preferably in an adjustable volume per unit time.

This enables the original treatment liquid to be divided into, for example, two treatment liquids containing different treatment agents; or the original treatment liquid contains multiple treatment agents and is thereby divided into a first treatment sub-liquid arranged in the liquid receiving container 18 and a second treatment sub-liquid arranged in the liquid preparation container 27, thereby achieving a controlled time-staggered effect of the same or different treatment agents by the time-staggered addition of the second treatment sub-liquid and the first treatment sub-liquid.

Example

Since dyeing allows for a particularly important and simple evaluation of the dyed textile substrate, in particular from the perspective of color precipitation, reproducibility, uniformity, color variation, and authenticity, and in order to exclude the influence of pretreatment and rewashing, in particular the influence of soaping in reactive dyeing, the three textile substrates listed in Table 1 below were conventionally scoured and bleached before dyeing and also conventionally washed or soaped after dyeing. Thereafter, using the above-described method according to the invention in the apparatus depicted in FIG1 , the three textiles were dyed in a light shade (yellow, substrate 3) and a dark shade (black, substrates 1 and 2) in the first apparatus depicted in FIG1 and already described.

All three textile substrates consist of cotton and are either in the form of a single jersey or a woven fabric in the form of a hose. Table 1 below summarizes the relevant data on the dyed textile substrates. Dyeing was carried out at a temperature of 60° C.

Table 1

The single jersey fabric, substrate 3, was dyed yellow using dye combination 1, while the two relief textile items, substrates 1 and 2, were dyed black using dye combination 2. Table 2 summarizes the reactive dyes used and their concentrations relative to the respective fabric weights.

Table 2

The above-listed Lihuashi dyes are present as granules.

At the start of dyeing, the respective fabric to be dyed is drawn into the treatment apparatus shown in FIG1 and an endless fabric web is thereby produced in the manner described above. By spraying a pre-calculated amount of water via the application nozzle 24 onto the endless fabric web, which is conveyed in the treatment apparatus 1 at the speed given in Table 1 above by means of the conveying nozzle 6, a starting moisture content of 140% of the dry weight of the fabric is set for the single jersey fabric and a starting moisture content of 150% of the dry weight of the fabric is set for the two relief fabrics.

The corresponding dyeing is carried out by spraying an aqueous dye solution, an aqueous soda solution containing 15 g/L, and a solution containing 4.5 ml/L sodium hydroxide solution (the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 38° Bè) in succession through the application nozzle 24. The three aforementioned solutions are applied via the application nozzle 24 in the solution volumes respectively listed in Table 1, which can be precisely adjusted reproducibly using a bypass.

Table 3 below further details the data given above.

Table 3

At the start of dyeing and after the above-listed starting moisture levels have been pre-adjusted and the amount of liquid to be sprayed via the application nozzle 24 has been precisely and reproducibly adjusted, the dye liquid, previously divided into containers 18 and 27, is linearly sprayed onto the conveyed textile web 32 at a temperature of 50° C. in the amounts specified in Table 1. After the divided amount of liquid in container 18 has been almost consumed after approximately 6 to 8 minutes, the dye liquid is also metered linearly from container 27 into container 18. Once a certain liquid level has been reached in container 27, the above-listed soda solution and, subsequently, the amount of sodium hydroxide solution specified in Table 3 for dye fixation are added to container 27 and metered from there into container 18, so that these liquids are also sprayed via the application nozzle 24 in a reproducibly adjusted volume per unit time. After this fixing process has been completed, the dyed fabric is neutralized by adding acetic acid and, as explained and justified above, after-treated according to conventional methods by rinsing and/or soaping.

The dyed textile substrates 1 to 3 were dyed evenly without any problems, exhibited neither length nor edge variations, and likewise showed virtually no color spots or unevenness, and for the dyes listed in Table 2 exhibited the outstanding authenticity praised by the manufacturer.

The moisture content of the textile substrate at the start and end of the treatment is determined according to German Industrial Standard DIN 53923. The dry weight of the respective dry textile substrate to be treated is determined on several washed samples. After the textile substrate has been moistened with water at the start of the claimed method and has been treated accordingly, applying a precisely adjusted treatment volume per unit time, the respective washed "starting sample" and "end sample" are removed and weighed after two minutes of hanging.

Claims (73)

1. A method for treating a textile substrate, wherein the textile substrate is arranged in a treatment apparatus and treated therewith an aqueous treatment liquid containing a treatment agent selected for the corresponding treatment at a concentration required for the corresponding treatment, and a chemical substance other than the treatment agent, the chemical substance supporting the effectiveness of the treatment agent and/or supporting the application of the treatment agent to the textile substrate, characterized in that, a) At the start of the treatment, adjust the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated to between 40% and 180% of its dry weight. b) Before, simultaneously with, and/or thereafter, heat the textile substrate to the temperature required for the corresponding treatment. c) The volume of the treatment fluid to be adjusted per unit time is determined as follows: the treatment fluid is redirected from at least one preparation container via a bypass through a pressure pump, a flow meter, and a regulating valve back into the at least one preparation container. d) Subsequently, a predetermined volume of treatment liquid per unit time is linearly or incrementally sprayed onto the textile substrate for the corresponding treatment over a pre-given treatment time, thereby linearly or incrementally increasing the humidity of the textile substrate during the treatment by spraying the treatment liquid volume, such that at the end of the treatment, the final humidity of the treated textile substrate is between 70% and 300% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. e) During the spraying of the treatment liquid onto the textile substrate, the textile substrate is conveyed at a uniform speed in the treatment equipment as a looped fabric bundle, or as a fabric roll in a flat state in reverse, or, if the textile substrate is designed as a fabric roll, the sprayed treatment liquid is conveyed through the textile substrate by the rotation of the fabric roll. f) and the treatment liquid that is separated from the textile substrate during treatment and is not absorbed shall be separated from the textile substrate, collected and re-sprayed for such a long period of time until the predetermined treatment time has elapsed or the treatment liquid has been sprayed onto the textile substrate as much as possible. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, at the start of the process, the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to between 60% and 160% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the final humidity of the textile substrate at the end of the treatment is between 140% and 260% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile substrate is designed as an annular fabric bundle or as a fabric roll conveyed in reverse, and the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted at the start of the treatment in such a way that a predetermined volume of water is sprayed onto the textile substrate, and the annular fabric bundle or the fabric roll is conveyed in the treatment apparatus for such a long time as predetermined, until the textile substrate has a humidity of between 40% and 180% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated, as required at the start of the treatment, when viewed over its entire surface. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile substrate is designed as a fabric roll, and at the start of the treatment, the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted in such a way that a defined volume of water is sprayed onto the textile substrate, and the fabric roll is rotated for such a long time that the textile substrate has a humidity between 40% and 180% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile substrate is designed as an annular fabric bundle or a fabric roll, the textile substrate is wetted with water at the beginning of the process, and thereafter the wetted textile substrate is dehydrated to the humidity to be adjusted at the beginning of the process. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, at the beginning of the process, the textile substrate is wetted with heated water and/or saturated steam. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the dehydration of the textile substrate is performed by air inflow and flow. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the dehydration of the textile substrate is performed by the inflow and flow of heated air. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, depending on the corresponding type of treatment and the corresponding type of the fiber substrate constituting the textile substrate to be treated, the temperature of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to a value between 40°C and 140°C. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the textile substrate to be treated is composed of synthetic fibers. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile substrate to be treated is composed of natural fibers, and the treatment is performed when the temperature of the textile substrate to be treated is between 40°C and 110°C. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile substrate to be treated is composed of or mainly contains natural fibers, and the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to 80% to 180% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated at the start of the treatment. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, at the start of the process, the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to 120% to 180% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the textile substrate to be treated is composed of or mainly has natural fibers, and the humidity of the textile substrate is increased during the treatment by spraying a treatment liquid to such an extent that, at the end of the treatment, the textile substrate has a final humidity value between 180% and 300% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein at the end of the treatment, the textile substrate has a final humidity value between 180% and 250% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile substrate to be treated is composed of or mainly contains synthetic fibers, and the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to 40% to 120% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated at the start of the treatment. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, at the start of the process, the humidity of the textile substrate to be treated is adjusted to 60% to 120% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 19. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, by spraying the treatment liquid, the humidity of the textile substrate is increased during the treatment to such an extent that, at the end of the treatment, the textile substrate has a final humidity value between 90% and 250% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein at the end of the treatment, the textile substrate has a final humidity value between 110% and 220% of the dry weight of the textile substrate to be treated. 21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time varies between 1 liter/minute and 12 liters/minute. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time varies between 2 liters/minute and 8 liters/minute. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the treatment liquid to be sprayed is sprayed onto the textile substrate to be treated at a pressure between 1.5 bar and 6 bar. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the treatment liquid to be sprayed is sprayed onto the textile substrate to be treated at a pressure between 2 bar and 4 bar. 25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, throughout the processing, the textile substrate is heated to the corresponding desired processing temperature by temperature-controlled air introduced into the processing equipment and/or via radiant heat. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the air, when processing the annular fabric web bundle, also causes the transport of the fabric web bundle during processing. 27. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, as the processing liquid, a pretreatment liquid or a posttreatment liquid is selected. 28. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fabric roll is driven at a speed between 700 rpm and 4000 rpm during humidity adjustment at the start of the treatment, and at a speed between 5 rpm and 1200 rpm after spraying a determined volume of treatment liquid per unit time. 29. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substrate made of cotton or the cotton-containing substrate is treated as a textile substrate. 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the textile substrate is dyed with a dyeing solution containing at least one reactive dye. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the amount of salt used during staining is reduced. 32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the concentration of the reduced salt content varies between 0 g/L and 30 g/L of staining solution. 33. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a bleaching solution is selected as the treatment liquid. 34. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an alkalizing solution is selected as the treatment solution. 35. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, as the processing liquid, a desizing liquid is selected. 36. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an enzyme solution is selected as the treatment liquid. 37. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, as the treatment solution, a staining solution is selected. 38. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a washing liquid is selected as the treatment liquid. 39. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that soap solution is selected as the treatment liquid. 40. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a softening liquid is selected as the treatment liquid. 41. An apparatus for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the apparatus comprises: a processing device for receiving a textile substrate to be processed in the form of an annular fabric web bundle; an application nozzle for spraying a processing liquid; a reel for supporting the conveying of the annular fabric web bundle continuously conveyed in the processing device; a gas-loaded conveying nozzle for the annular fabric web bundle during processing; and a liquid outlet disposed on the bottom side of the processing device for processing liquid not absorbed by the textile substrate, characterized in that... a) Viewed along the conveying direction (31) of the annular fabric bundle (32) to be processed, the conveying nozzle (6) is arranged after the roll (4). b) The application nozzle (24), which sprays the volume of treatment liquid to be applied to the fabric web per unit time, is positioned in the region of the roll (4), and c) In order to reproducibly adjust the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time, the application nozzle (24) is equipped with a bypass, the bypass including a bypass calibration line (23), a pressure pump (19), a flow meter (20), a first regulating valve (21), a second valve (21a) and at least one liquid receiving container (18). 42. The apparatus according to claim 41, wherein the delivery nozzle is air-loaded. 43. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the liquid outlet provided on the bottom side of the processing device (1) is provided with a liquid collection container (8) with a level control unit, and when the level exceeds the adjustable level, the processing liquid collected therein is introduced into the liquid receiving container (18) via a return line (8a) provided with a pump (26). 44. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that a liquid preparation container (27) is provided, which supplies the processing liquid into the liquid receiving container (18) via a line (27a) provided with a separate pressure pump (28) and a dispensing valve (29). 45. The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the liquid preparation container (27) supplies the processing liquid into the liquid receiving container at an adjustable volume per unit time. 46. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the bypass calibration line (23) is connected via a line (21b) extending between the bypass calibration line (23) and the application nozzle (24) and provided with a third valve (21c), wherein the pressure pump (19) then continuously introduces the previously determined volume of the treatment fluid via the bypass calibration line (23) to the application nozzle (24) when the first regulating valve (21) is open, the third valve (21c) is open, and the second valve (21a) is closed. 47. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the bottom region of the processing device (1) is provided with an element (2) that separates the processing liquid that is not absorbed by the fabric web bundle (32) during processing from the fabric web bundle (32). 48. The device according to claim 47, wherein the element (2) is configured as a fabric storage device having a through opening on the bottom side. 49. The device according to claim 48, wherein the element (2) is configured as a J-shaped box. 50. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the spool (4) is arranged in a housing (24a) connected to the processing device (1), and an application nozzle (24) for spraying the treatment liquid is positioned on the head side of the housing (24a). 51. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that a dewatering module (12) for the fabric web bundle (32) and/or additional delivery nozzles (5) capable of operating with the treatment liquid are arranged within the processing equipment (1). 52. The apparatus according to claim 51, wherein the dewatering module (12) is arranged before the roll (4) in the conveying direction (31) of the fabric web bundle (32), and/or the conveying nozzle (5) capable of operating with the treatment liquid is arranged after the roll (4). 53. The apparatus according to claim 52, characterized in that the dehydration module (12) has a guide (12a) configured as a tube for annular fabric bundle (32), the guide being connected via a line (34) to a side channel blower (14), such that air compressed therefrom and heated via a heat exchanger (13) is introduced into the fabric bundle guide (12a), while air flowing through the fabric bundle guide (12a) is drawn from the fabric bundle guide (12a) via a fly ash filter (17), a cooler (16) and/or a water separator (15) and is then introduced back into the side channel blower (14). 54. The apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the fabric width guide (12a) of the dewatering module (12) has a cross-section that is adjustable in diameter. 55. The apparatus according to claim 54, characterized in that the fabric width guide (12a) of the dewatering module (12) has a rectangular cross-section, the rectangular cross-section being composed of two interlocking U-shaped sections (121, 124), wherein the first U-shaped section (124) is provided with a connection to the pressure side of the side channel blower (14), and the second U-shaped section (121) is provided with a connection to the suction side of the side channel blower (14), and the first U-shaped section (124) is movable toward the second U-shaped section (121) and toward the direction away from the second U-shaped section, or the second U-shaped section (121) is movable toward the first U-shaped section (124) and toward the direction away from the first U-shaped section. 56. The device according to claim 54, characterized in that the fabric width guide (12a) configured as a tube has a U-shaped cross section (126), the legs (127, 127a) of the U-shaped cross section are connected to each other in the case of forming an outer tube by an outwardly arched first wall section (128), and a second region (129) arched opposite to the first wall section (128) is arranged inside the outer tube, the second region being movably supported in the direction toward the first wall section (128) and in the direction away from the first wall section. 57. The apparatus according to claim 53, characterized in that the pressure side connection of the side channel blower (14) is provided with a nozzle arranged within the fabric bundle guide (12a); and/or the suction side connection of the side channel blower (14) is provided with an extraction space (130) arranged within the fabric bundle guide (12a), the extraction space being used to store water extracted from the fabric bundle (32) during dehydration of the fabric bundle (32). 58. An apparatus for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the apparatus comprises a processing device and two driven cylindrical rollers, the processing device being for receiving a textile substrate of a predetermined length in the form of a fabric web, the rollers being driven such that, during processing, the fabric web is conveyed from one roller to the other and in reverse order, and guided and kept flat by means of a guide roller, and the processing device having a liquid outlet on its bottom side for processing liquid not absorbed by the textile substrate, characterized in that... a) At least one application nozzle (24) is provided within the processing device (1) with a width parallel to the fabric width and arranged at intervals from the fabric width. b) The at least one application nozzle (24) is configured to have a number of application nozzles (24) matching the width of the fabric. c) A rolling mechanism (Ql) is provided between the rollers (W1, W2), and d) In order to reproducibly adjust the volume of treatment liquid to be sprayed per unit time, the at least one application nozzle (24) is equipped with a bypass, the bypass including a bypass calibration line (23), a pressure pump (19), a flow meter (20), a first regulating valve (21), a second valve (21a) and at least one liquid receiving container (18). 59. The apparatus according to claim 58, wherein the application nozzle (24) is configured in the same manner. 60. The apparatus according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the processing device (1) is provided with a liquid collection container (8) with a level control unit on the bottom side as a liquid outlet, wherein when the level exceeds the adjustable level, the processing liquid collected therein is introduced into the liquid receiving container (18) via a return line (8a) provided with a pump (26). 61. The apparatus according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that a liquid preparation container (27) is provided, which supplies the processing liquid into the liquid receiving container (18) via a line (27a) provided with a separate pressure pump (28) and a dispensing valve (29). 62. The apparatus according to claim 61, wherein the liquid preparation container (27) supplies the processing liquid into the liquid receiving container at an adjustable volume per unit time. 63. The apparatus according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the bypass calibration line (23) is connected via a line (21b) extending between the bypass calibration line (23) and the application nozzle (24) and provided with a third valve (21c), wherein the pressure pump (19) then continuously introduces the previously determined volume of the treatment fluid via the bypass calibration line (23) to the application nozzle (24) when the first regulating valve (21) is open, the third valve (21c) is open, and the second valve (21a) is closed. 64. The apparatus according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the processing container (1) is provided with a heating element (9); and/or a heat exchanger and/or an infrared radiator are provided within the processing container. 65. The apparatus according to claim 64, wherein the heating element is used for temperature-controlled air and/or steam to be supplied into the processing container. 66. An apparatus for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the apparatus has a horizontally extending centrifugal shaft in a processing device for holding a textile substrate to be processed in the form of a yarn roll or a fabric web roll during processing, and the centrifugal shaft has a horizontally extending central hole having at least one drain outlet, and furthermore, the centrifugal shaft has a rotary drive at one end and a support and a liquid inlet having an end side at the other end, the rotary drive and the support being arranged outside the processing device, and the processing device having a liquid outlet, characterized in that, a) The at least one drain port in the centrifugal shaft (170) is configured as an application nozzle (24). b) To reproducibly adjust the volume of treatment fluid to be applied per unit time, the at least one application nozzle (24) is equipped with a bypass as a liquid inlet, the bypass including a bypass calibration line (23), a pressure pump (19), a flow meter (20), a first regulating valve (21), a second valve (21a), and at least one liquid receiving container (18), and c) A liquid outlet (8) is provided on the bottom side of the processing device (1) for processing liquid that is not absorbed by the textile substrate. 67. The apparatus according to claim 66, wherein all drain ports are configured as application nozzles (24). 68. The apparatus according to claim 66 or 67, characterized in that the liquid outlet provided on the bottom side of the processing device (1) is provided with a liquid collection container (8) with a level control unit, so that when the level exceeds the adjustable level, the processing liquid collected therein is introduced into the liquid receiving container (18) via a return line (8a) provided with a pump (26). 69. The apparatus according to claim 66 or 67, characterized in that it is provided with a liquid preparation container (27) that supplies the processing liquid into the liquid receiving container (18) via a line provided with a separate pressure pump (28) and a dispensing valve (29). 70. The apparatus according to claim 69, wherein the liquid preparation container (27) supplies the processing liquid into the liquid receiving container at an adjustable volume per unit time. 71. The apparatus according to claim 66 or 67, characterized in that the bypass calibration line (23) is connected via a line (21b) extending between the bypass calibration line (23) and the central orifice (170a) and provided with a third valve (21c), wherein the pressure pump (19) then continuously introduces the previously determined volume of the processed liquid via the bypass calibration line (23) into the central orifice (170a) when the first regulating valve (21) is open, the third valve (21c) is open, and the second valve (21a) is closed. 72. The apparatus according to claim 41, 42, 58, 59, 66 or 67, characterized in that the application nozzle (24) for spraying a determined volume of treatment liquid per unit time is configured as a flat beam nozzle, an annular nozzle or a conical nozzle. 73. The apparatus according to claim 72, wherein the application nozzle (24) is configured as a full conical nozzle.