HK1131649B - Improved sliding anchor - Google Patents

Description

Improved sliding anchor

Technical Field

The invention relates to a sliding bolt or a retractable rock bolt for insertion into a bore, wherein the sliding bolt comprises an anchor rod on which a sliding control member with a through-bore is arranged, through which the anchor rod extends, and wherein the sliding control member comprises a slider housing with at least one recess (recess) for accommodating a slider, which is in contact with a side surface of the anchor rod. Such a sliding bolt is known from WO 2006/034208a 1.

Background

Sliding anchors belong to the field of so-called rock anchors. Rock bolts are used in mining, tunnel construction and special underground operations to stabilize the walls of tunnels or galleries. For this purpose, holes of a length between 2 and 12 metres are usually drilled into the rock from the excavation or tunnel. A rock anchor bolt of corresponding length is then inserted into the hole, and the end region of the rock anchor bolt is permanently fixed in the hole by mortar, a special synthetic resin adhesive or mechanical bracing. Usually, on the end of the anchor bolt projecting from the hole, an anchor plate is mounted, which is clamped to the wall of the excavation or tunnel by means of a nut. In this way, loads acting in the area of the walls of the excavation or tunnel can be introduced into deeper rock formations. In other words, with the aid of such rock bolts, rock strata further from the wall can be used to transfer loads in order to minimize the risk of the excavation or tunnel collapsing.

Conventional rock bolts are able to transmit a maximum load corresponding to their mechanical design and break if this load (the so-called load at break) is exceeded. In order to prevent such complete failure of the rock bolt provided, for example due to rock displacement, as far as possible, so-called sliding bolts or retractable rock bolts have been developed. If the predetermined load is exceeded, the sliding bolt or the retractable rock bolt will retract in a defined manner, that is to say it is possible to increase its length within a certain range in order to reduce the stresses acting on the rock to such an extent that the bolt can still be transmitted. In such sliding bolts, it is necessary to be able to adjust the force with which the sliding bolt is set in a defined manner as accurately as possible and to change as little as possible during the retraction process, so that on the one hand an accurate mechanical design of the rock bolt is possible and on the other hand a prediction of the behavior during operation is possible. Furthermore, the so-called breaking force (i.e. the retraction of the sliding bolt in a defined manner if this force is exceeded) should be repeatable, so that the load of the sliding bolt does not vary in an uncontrolled manner at different time-discrete phases of the defined retraction.

Disclosure of Invention

In this respect, the object of the invention is to provide an improved sliding bolt. With respect to the known sliding bolt described at the beginning, the above object is achieved according to the invention in that: each recess for accommodating a slide is arranged in the slide housing tangentially to a side surface of the anchor rod; moreover, the side peripheral face of each recess projects to a predetermined dimension in the hollow cross section of the through hole; finally, each slider fills the cross section of the recess corresponding to the slider. In this case, the expression "tangent to the lateral surface of the anchor rod" means (not exactly tangent in the mathematical sense): the side flanks of said recesses only contact the side surfaces of the anchor rod, the recesses for accommodating the sliding bodies being arranged essentially tangentially with respect to the side surfaces of the anchor rod, so that the longitudinal central axis of each recess is arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the anchor rod, wherein these two axes can, but do not have to be, perpendicular to each other in the projection of the longitudinal central axis of the anchor rod and the longitudinal central axis of either recess for accommodating the sliding bodies. The longitudinal central axis of the recess for accommodating the sliding body can thus lie in a plane which intersects the longitudinal central axis of the anchor rod at right angles (so that the two axes in question in the projection are perpendicular relative to one another), but can also lie in a plane which is inclined relative to the longitudinal central axis of the anchor rod.

The design according to the invention of the sliding bolt has a number of advantages. Due to the fact that the side flanks of each recess provided in the slide housing for receiving the slide project into the empty cross section of the through-opening of the slide control element by a predetermined dimension, with the aid of this dimension, a clamping force can be set in advance very precisely, by means of which clamping force the slide or the plurality of slides can fix the anchor rod extending through the through-opening. Furthermore, once the setting of the clamping force is completed, the clamping force can also be achieved repeatedly after one start-up operation. This is because the predetermined dimension of each slide body projecting into the empty cross-section of the through-hole does not vary during operation of the sliding bolt, in particular even if a plurality of discrete-time sliding phases of the anchor rod are carried out, since each slide body will fill the cross-section of the recess corresponding to it, except for conventional tolerances. Finally, the load transfer between the anchor rod and the sliding control member during sliding of the anchor rod is advantageously solved in that: since the slide body fills the cross section of the recess, the slide body and the slide body shell are not deformed in material, but only the anchor rod. The precondition is, of course, that the material hardness of the sliding body is greater than the material hardness of the anchor rod, similarly to the prior art already cited.

Other influencing factors are the shape of the slide or slide housing, the number of slides, the nature of the surfaces of the slide which come into contact with the anchor rod, the matching of the materials between the slide and the anchor rod and between the slide and the slide housing, and the shape and nature of the surfaces of the anchor rod. These influencing factors influence the clamping force and/or the breaking force (break force).

In principle, the sliding bolt according to the invention can already function with a recess and a sliding body arranged therein. Preferably, however, a plurality of recesses are provided in the sliding body housing, and are preferably arranged distributed around the circumference of the anchor rod, in particular uniformly distributed around the circumference. With a plurality of recesses and a corresponding number of sliding bodies, the required starting force can be set more accurately. Furthermore, with a plurality of recesses and sliding bodies arranged in the recesses, a greater clamping and/or starting force can easily be achieved. The even distribution of the recesses and the sliding bodies around the circumference of the anchor rod distributes the load acting on the anchor rod more evenly.

Each of the plurality of recesses can be arranged at a different level in the sliding body housing, i.e. each recess lies in a respective cross-sectional plane of the sliding body housing. However, in order to achieve a more compact construction of the slide control element, it is preferred that a plurality of recesses are provided in one cross-sectional plane of the slide housing. The number of possible recesses in a cross-sectional plane depends on the size of the recess and the size of the sliding body housing. In the design of the sliding bolt according to the invention, three recesses are provided in the cross-sectional plane, but in the case of larger-sized sliding bolts and correspondingly larger sliding control elements, more than three such recesses can be provided. Furthermore, it is also preferred that a plurality of recesses are arranged in groups in different cross-sectional planes of the sliding body shell, in view of achieving a compact structure and a uniform load distribution. This design may be preferably chosen when the spatial conditions do not allow the desired number of recesses to be provided in one cross-sectional plane. For example, in another form of construction of the sliding bolt according to the invention, in this case three recesses are provided in two different cross-sectional planes of the sliding body shell. In this case, the recesses of different cross-sectional planes are preferably offset at an angle relative to one another, so that the sliding bodies arranged in the recesses of one cross-sectional plane contact a different region of the anchor rod-side surface than the sliding bodies in the other cross-sectional plane or in the other plane.

Within the scope of the invention, the slide body used can be selected to have any possible desired shape. For example, the sliding body may be spherical or have a conical profile, such as a conical roller shape. According to a preferred embodiment, the sliding body has a cylindrical shape, i.e. a roller shape. Furthermore, the lateral surface of each slider may be crowned (crowned), i.e. bulging outwards, for example in the manner of a wine barrel. Prismatic sliding bodies are likewise possible. It goes without saying that the shape of the recess must be adapted to the slide used, at least to the extent that each slide can be accommodated substantially freely (free of play) in the respective recess. Usually, the shape of the recess corresponds to the shape of the slide used, i.e. a cylindrical slide is to be arranged in the cylindrical recess, a conical slide is to be placed in the conical recess etc., although this correspondence is not mandatory.

In the case of the sliding bolt according to the invention, there are basically two possible ways to arrange the sliding control element. One way is to provide the sliding control element on the part of the anchor rod intended to be inserted into the hole. The maximum sliding distance of the sliding anchor is thus the distance that the anchor rod on the distal side of the sliding control member extends into the hole. Given this form of construction, in order to prevent the anchor rod from escaping the slide control member when the maximum sliding distance has been passed, in a preferred form of construction a stop member is provided in the region of the bore-side end of the anchor rod, which stop member has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the through-bore in the slide control member. Thus, the anchor rod cannot slide past the slide control member. For example, the stop element is a nut that is screwed or otherwise fastened onto the hole-side end of the anchor rod. When the stop element touches the sliding control element after the maximum possible sliding distance has elapsed, the sliding bolt can no longer be retracted to any further extent. The sliding bolt will then be loaded until its breaking load, which is a parameter of the mechanical design; when the breaking load is exceeded, the sliding bolt fails, for example, the bolt rod breaks.

In order to reliably ensure that the part of the anchor rod which projects beyond the sliding control member and into the bore can be displaced by sliding over the sliding control member, in a preferred embodiment of the sliding anchor according to the invention a first protective tube which concentrically surrounds the anchor rod extends from the sliding control member to the bore-side end of the anchor rod. On the other hand, this prevents the mortar or the adhesive resin optionally used from coming into contact with the anchor rod and possibly causing the anchor rod to be clogged. In this way, it is ensured that the part of the anchor rod surrounded by the first protective tube can move freely through the sliding control element. When inserting the anchor bolt into the hole, the mortar or adhesive, which is generally injected before the anchor bolt enters the hole, is moved, and some of the mortar or adhesive flows over the outside of the first protective pipe. Thus, by means of the construction of this form improved by the first protective tube, a plug is formed in the hole outside the sliding bolt behind the sliding control member, i.e. on the side facing the bore, which plug is made of a synthetic resin material or mortar for fixing the bolt. After setting the material, the plug functions as an abutment, by which the sliding control element and thus also the entire anchor bolt is supported. Thus, the possibility of the anchor bolt being pulled out of the hole can be reliably prevented. However, such a first protective tube which concentrically surrounds the anchor rod is also advantageous if the sliding bolt is jammed in the bore due to support (for example using an expansion sleeve), because the protective tube also separates the sliding part (i.e. the part of the anchor rod which is intended to slide) from loose rock material which can cause interference, and also protects the sliding part from erosion. Preferably, the first protective tube has an outer diameter that substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the sliding control member, and therefore has at least a substantially uniform outer diameter from the sliding control member to the hole-side end of the sliding bolt, in order to facilitate insertion of the sliding bolt into the hole.

In order to prevent the bore-side part of the anchor rod from being subjected to the shear forces exerted on the anchor rod by the walls of the tunnel or tunnel, a preferred embodiment of the sliding bolt according to the invention is provided with a second protective tube. The second protective tube concentrically surrounds the anchor rod and extends a short distance into the hole from the already described anchor plate, which closes the hole. In a preferred embodiment, the second protective tube can be connected to the anchor plate in a fixed manner, for example by welding or screwing, or form an integral structure with the anchor plate.

In order to protect the anchor rod from the synthetic resin material or mortar used for fixing the anchor bolt and to prevent corrosion, it is preferred that the construction form further comprises a third protective tube. Concentrically surrounding the anchor rod, the third protective tube, which may be made of plastic material for example, extends a short distance from the sliding control element in the direction of the end of the anchor rod protruding out of the hole, i.e. in the direction of the orifice. In this region, it is therefore also ensured that the anchor rod cannot become jammed and, after exceeding the starting force, can be displaced in a controlled manner, that is to say substantially without being influenced by disturbances. Alternatively, the third protective tube may be formed by a heat-shrinkable sleeve or simply by a coating applied to the portion of the anchor rod to be protected.

After the setting of the sliding bolt according to the invention has been completed and the sliding control element has been positioned in the bore, a monitoring device is provided in a preferred embodiment of the sliding bolt according to the invention in order to be able to ascertain from the outside whether a movement of the rock has taken place, i.e. whether a sliding movement of the anchor rod in the sliding control element has taken place after the setting of the bolt as a result of an exceeding of the starting force. In a simple form, the monitoring device may comprise a monitoring cable tensioned, for example, from the sliding control element to the anchor pad, preferably the monitoring cable being accessible from the outside of the anchor pad (i.e. from the side of the anchor pad remote from the aperture). After the setting of the sliding anchor thus equipped has been completed, if rock movements occur which result in exceeding the starting force and thus in sliding the anchor rod relative to the sliding control element, the monitoring cable breaks and can be easily pulled out from the outside. On the other hand, if the monitoring cable is still taut and thus fastened to the sliding control member while the sliding anchor bolt provided is being inspected, the monitoring cable cannot be pulled out of the hole, thus indicating that rock movements which lead to a force exceeding the starting force of the anchor bolt have not yet taken place during this period. The monitoring cable may be made of metal or alternatively of a plastic material, or may be a wire or the like.

In addition to the above-mentioned possibility of arranging the slide control element on the part of the anchor rod located in the hole, there is the alternative possibility of arranging the slide control element outside the hole, i.e. on the part of the anchor rod extending beyond the anchor plate and located outside the hole. However, for this possibility, the entire length of the anchor rod for sliding must protrude out of the aperture, thus causing a corresponding limitation to the empty cross section of the excavation or tunnel. This is often extremely disadvantageous. The advantage of locating the sliding control member outside the bore is that it can be convenient to monitor the changes that occur, whilst at the same time it is always possible to determine exactly to what extent the sliding movement has now been carried out, depending on the initial extension of the anchor rod.

Whether the sliding control element is located on the part of the anchor rod within the bore or on the part of the anchor rod outside the bore, in a preferred embodiment of the sliding bolt according to the invention the stirring element is fastened to the bore-side end of the anchor rod. If a two-component bonding resin is used to fix the anchor in the bore, the two components are usually injected into the bore in the form of an adhesive cartridge in which the two components are accommodated separately from one another, for example in two chambers which are concentric with one another. During the setting of the anchor, the stirring element first breaks the chamber, which is formed, for example, by a plastic film, and then the simultaneous or subsequent rotation of the anchor rod causes the two components to be mixed homogeneously, so that they quickly solidify into the final binding resin. In addition to this stirring action, the stirring element can also serve as a stop element which has been described previously.

Drawings

A generally preferred embodiment of the sliding bolt according to the invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The attached drawings are as follows:

fig. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a sliding bolt according to the invention;

fig. 2 shows a first form of construction of a sliding body shell for a sliding control element of a sliding bolt according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows section III-III in FIG. 2;

fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a sliding body shell for a sliding control element of the sliding bolt shown in fig. 1;

FIG. 5 shows the section V-V in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows the section VI-VI in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 but with a slider inserted into the slider housing; and

fig. 8 is a view corresponding to fig. 6, with a slider likewise inserted in the slider housing.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a sliding bolt, generally designated 10, for insertion into a rock bore, not shown, for the purpose of stabilizing a wall, such as a tunnel or a tunnel. The central element of the sliding bolt 10 is the bolt shank 12, which bolt shank 12 is the support element of the sliding bolt 10, the length of the bolt shank 12 determining the length of the sliding bolt 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the anchor rod 12 is a strong, continuous steel rod having a circular cross-section, a diameter of 12mm, and smooth side surfaces, where the length of the anchor rod 12 is 2 meters. However, the diameter of the anchor rod 12 may be greater or less than 12mm depending on the desired load transfer capability, and the length of the anchor rod 12 may be longer or shorter than previously indicated depending on the operating conditions. Moreover, the side surfaces of the anchor rod 12 need not be smooth, but can be, for example, rough, grooved, etc. While an anchor rod having a circular cross-section is preferred, the present invention is not so limited and the cross-section of the anchor rod can alternatively be, for example, square, polygonal, etc.

On the part of the anchor rod 12 intended for insertion into a rock bore, not shown, a sliding control member 14 is provided, the basic structure of which sliding control member 14 can be clearly seen in fig. 2 and 3. The sliding control member 14 serves to permit limited longitudinal displacement of the anchor rod 12 relative to the sliding control member 14, so that, after the sliding bolt 10 has been set, the sliding bolt 10 can better cope with occurring rock displacements without premature failure.

The slide control member 14 includes a cylindrical slide body housing 16 having an axially extending central through bore 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the through-opening 18 is of slightly stepped design, and, in the assembled state of the sliding bolt 10, the bolt shank 12 extends through this through-opening 18.

As can be seen from the sectional view in fig. 3, three recesses 20 in the form of cylindrical bores are formed uniformly distributed around the circumference of the sliding body shell 16 and are arranged in such a way that their lateral flanks (lateral facing surfaces) project slightly into the empty cross section of the through-bore 18. In other words, the dimension X defining the distance between the center M of the through-hole 18 and the longitudinal center axis of each recess 20 is slightly smaller than the sum of the radius R of the through-hole 18 and the radius R of the recess 20.

The recesses 20 are arranged substantially tangentially with respect to the side surface of the anchor rod 12, that is to say with their longitudinal centre axes inclined with respect to the longitudinal centre axis of the through hole 18 and perpendicular with respect to the projection containing the longitudinal centre axis of the through hole 18 and the longitudinal centre axis of each recess 20 with respect to the longitudinal centre axis of the through hole 18. Thus, the three recesses 20 are arranged in the same cross-sectional plane of the sliding body shell 16. Angle M in the illustrated embodiment⁰Is 30 deg..

Fig. 4 to 6 show a second embodiment of a sliding body housing 16 ', the basic structure of which sliding body housing 16' corresponds to sliding body housing 16. In contrast to the sliding body shell 16, however, the sliding body shell 16 'has two planes, one of which is arranged above the other and each of which has three recesses 20, wherein the recesses 20 of one cross-sectional plane are offset in the peripheral direction with respect to the recesses 20 of the other cross-sectional plane, so that all six recesses 20 are distributed uniformly together around the circumference of the sliding body shell 16'.

In this case, each recess 20 is intended to receive a cylindrical slide 22, the outer diameter of which slide 22 corresponds, apart from conventional tolerances, to the diameter of the recess 20, so that the slide 22 completely fills the cross section of the recess 20. Fig. 7 and 8 show views corresponding to fig. 5 and 6, and in fig. 7 and 8, a sliding body 22 having the above-described design is provided in each recess 20. As can be seen particularly clearly in fig. 7, each slide 22 projects slightly with its side surface into the cross section of the through-opening 18 due to the above-described configuration of the recess 20. Thus, the anchor rod 12, which has an outer diameter approximately corresponding to the diameter of the through-opening 18, is clamped by the sliding body 22.

Referring again to fig. 1, further construction of the sliding bolt 10 will now be described.

A first protective tube 24 made of plastic material extends from the slide control element 14 almost to the bore-side end of the sliding bolt 10, the main components of the slide control element 14 being, as described above, the slide housing 16 or 16' and the slide 22 accommodated therein. In the embodiment shown, the outer diameter of the protective tube 24 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the sliding body shell 16', said protective tube 24 serving to separate the surface of the anchor rod 12 from the substances (mortar, adhesive) used to permanently anchor the sliding anchor 10 in a bore (not shown). The first protective tube 24 thus creates a cylindrical hollow space around the anchor rod 12 at the hole-side end of the sliding bolt 10, which space prevents the anchor rod 12 from being obstructed by mortar or adhesive and thus from moving relative to the sliding control member 14.

The sliding bolt 10 terminates in a stirring element 26 with a plurality of stirring blades 28, which stirring element 26 is fastened to the bore-side end of the bolt shank 12 and is used for the uniform mixing of conventional two-component adhesives. The two-part adhesive is used to secure a rock anchor bolt and is injected into the hole prior to setting the anchor bolt. For this purpose, after the anchor rod 12 has been inserted into the bore, the anchor rod 12 is rotated and the stirring element 26 is thus also rotated.

The outer diameter of the stirring element 26 is greater than the diameter of the through-opening 18 in the sliding body shell 16 or 16'. The stirring element 26 thus simultaneously acts as a stop element on the end of the anchor rod 12, which stop element prevents the anchor rod 12 from being pulled out of the slide control element 14. Alternatively, such stop elements may take the form of nuts or simply formed by upset portions of the anchor rod 12, for example, made by upset deformation of the anchor rod.

In order to enable the sliding bolt 10 to exert a stable force on the wall of an excavation or tunnel, a load-transmitting anchor plate 30 is provided, which anchor plate 30 is mounted on the bore-entry-side end of the anchor rod 12. The anchor plate 30 is likewise conventionally made of steel and is generally square in shape, and the anchor plate 30 is secured to the anchor rod 12 by a retaining nut 32.

In the illustrated embodiment, the second protective tube 34 is connected in a fixed manner to the anchor plate 30 and is here likewise made of steel. The second protective tube 34 extends some distance into the hole, not shown, to protect the leading portion (leading portion) of the anchor rod 12 from loose rock. For this purpose, the inner diameter of the second protective tube 34 is selected to be greater than the outer diameter of the anchor rod 12. The outer diameter of the second protective tube 34 is significantly smaller than the outer diameter of the first protective tube 24, thereby facilitating insertion into the bore.

Finally, in the illustrated embodiment, the middle of the anchor rod 12 is concentrically surrounded by a third protective tube 36, which third protective tube 36 extends from the sliding control element 14 in the direction of the anchor plate 30. The third protective tube 36 serves to protect the surface of the anchor rod 12 from adverse effects, in particular the adhesive of the anchor rod in this region.

The function of the sliding bolt 10 will now be described in detail. After a suitable hole is formed, the sliding bolt 10 is inserted into the hole and anchored by mortar or adhesive as is known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, it is also possible and also known to use expandable elements for anchoring, for example expansion sleeves. The illustrated sliding anchor 10 is held securely in the hole by a plug which is formed behind the sliding control member 14, that is to say on the side of the hole, as a result of the movement of the material of the adhesive or mortar used, and which prevents the anchor 10 from being pulled out of the hole after the material has set. After the anchor plate 30 has been mounted and pulled up (draw up) by means of the union nut 32, the sliding bolt 10 can then exert its load-bearing and stabilizing action.

A clamping action is exerted on the anchor rod 12 by the sliding body 22, and a so-called breaking force (break force) is defined in this way. The sliding bolt 10 is able to transmit this force in the axial direction without causing relative movement between the anchor rod 12 and the sliding control member 14. However, if this starting force is exceeded, the anchor rod 12 will be displaced by sliding along the slide 22 until the stirring element 26 as a stop element touches the slide housing 16 or 16'. This relative displacement can occur naturally in a plurality of sections and always only until the axial force acting on the sliding bolt 10 is again below the starting force. By this relative displacement, the effective length of the sliding bolt 10 is increased, since the sliding control member 14 and the first protective tube 24 maintain their initial position during the setting of the bolt.

Claims (23)

1. Sliding bolt (10) for insertion into an opening, the sliding bolt (10) having a bolt shank (12), the bolt shank (12) being provided with a sliding control element (14) having a through-opening (18), the bolt shank (12) extending through the through-opening (18), wherein the sliding control element (14) comprises a slider housing (16; 16') having at least one recess (20), the recess (20) being intended to receive a slider (22) which is in contact with a lateral surface of the bolt shank (12),

the method is characterized in that:

each recess (20) for accommodating the slide (22) is arranged tangentially in the slide housing (16; 16') with respect to a side surface of the anchor rod (12);

the side flanks of each recess (20) project into the empty cross section of the through-opening (18) by a predetermined dimension; and

each slider (22) fills the cross-section of the recess (20) corresponding to the slider.

2. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: a plurality of said recesses (20) are provided in said slider housing (16; 16').

3. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: a plurality of recesses (20) are arranged in the sliding body shell (16; 16') in an evenly distributed manner around the circumference of the anchor rod (12).

4. Sliding bolt according to claim 2,

the method is characterized in that: a plurality of recesses (20) is arranged in the cross-sectional plane of the sliding body shell (16).

5. Sliding bolt according to claim 2,

the method is characterized in that: a plurality of recesses (20) are arranged in groups in different cross-sectional planes of the sliding body shell (16').

6. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: each sliding body (22) is conical.

7. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: each of the sliders (22) has a tapered roller shape.

8. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: the side surface of each sliding body (22) is in the shape of a crown.

9. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: each sliding body (22) is cylindrical.

10. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: each of the sliders (22) has a roller shape.

11. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: in the region of the bore-side end of the anchor rod (12), a stop element is fastened, the diameter of which is greater than the diameter of the through-opening (18).

12. Sliding bolt according to claim 11,

the method is characterized in that: the stop element is a nut.

13. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: the sliding control element (14) is arranged on a portion of the anchor rod (12) for insertion into the bore.

14. Sliding bolt according to claim 13,

the method is characterized in that: a first protective tube (24) concentrically surrounding the anchor rod (12) extends from the slide control element (14) substantially to the bore-side end of the anchor rod (12).

15. Sliding bolt according to claim 14,

the method is characterized in that: the first protective tube (24) has an outer diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the sliding control element (14).

16. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: an anchor plate (30) is fastened to the end of the anchor rod (12) in the region that projects out of the hole.

17. Sliding bolt according to claim 16,

the method is characterized in that: a second protective tube (34) concentrically surrounding the anchor rod (12) extends a short distance from the anchor plate (30) in the direction of the bore-side end of the anchor rod (12).

18. Sliding bolt according to claim 16,

the method is characterized in that: the second protective tube (34) is fixedly connected to the anchor plate (30).

19. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: the sliding control element (14) is arranged on the part of the anchor rod (12) intended to be inserted into the hole, and a third protective tube (36) concentrically surrounding the anchor rod (12) extends a short distance from the sliding control element (14) in the direction of the end of the anchor rod (12) projecting from the hole.

20. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: the sliding control element (14) is arranged on the part of the anchor rod (12) intended to be inserted into the hole, an anchor plate (30) is fastened on the region of the end of the anchor rod (12) that protrudes out of the hole, and the monitoring cable is tightened from the sliding control element (14) to the anchor plate (30) and is accessible from the side of the anchor plate (30) remote from the hole.

21. Sliding bolt according to one of claims 1 to 19,

the method is characterized in that: a monitoring device is provided which indicates whether sliding of the anchor rod (12) relative to the sliding control element (14) has occurred.

22. Sliding bolt according to claim 21,

the method is characterized in that: the monitoring device indicates the distance the anchor rod (12) has moved relative to the sliding control element (14).

23. Sliding bolt according to claim 1,

the method is characterized in that: a stirring element (26) is fastened to the bore-side end of the anchor rod (12).