HK1122061B - Centrally controlled coke oven ventilation system for primary and secondary air - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an aeration device for non-recovery coke ovens, wherein the aeration device consists of at least one opening which passes through the wall or through internals such as, for example the oven door, and connects the oven interior to the outer atmosphere surrounding the oven and can be wholly or partly closed by means of a closure element. In this case two or more of these closure elements are coupled by means of at least one mechanical connecting element, by the connecting element being fastened directly or via a lever to the closure elements, and each connecting element being connected to at least one central actuating element in such a manner that the closure elements can be moved, wherein the respective openings can be closed, completely opened, or can be set in any desired intermediate position. Ideally, this connecting element is a chain or a screw spindle.

Description

Centrally controlled coke oven ventilation system for primary and secondary air

The invention relates to a device and a method for supplying combustion air into the coking chamber of a coke oven for burning coke oven gas, which is constructed in a flat configuration and is arranged in the form of a coke oven battery for a so-called non-recovery or heat-recovery process. The device comprises at least one ventilation opening for each coking chamber, which extends through the respective coke oven door or the oven wall surrounding the door, and a ventilation opening for supplying secondary air to a hot flue (heating flow). A freely supported closing member is provided for each air vent.

All closing members are mechanically connected to at least one adjusting member controlled and driven by a central position. The shutter is continuously actuated by the regulating member according to the combustion air requirement in the coking chamber. The mechanical connection of the individual closing elements to the central adjusting element can be operated individually, wherein in particular the starting position of the individual closing elements can be adjusted individually at the beginning of the coking process of the associated coking chamber independently of the other closing elements of the adjacent coking chambers.

The heat recovery ovens are typically heated by combustion of gases released during coking. The combustion is controlled in such a way that the primary air is used to burn off part of the gas (gas) above the coal charge in the coking chamber. These partially combusted gases are conveyed by a duct (also called "downcomer") to the hot flue at the bottom end of the coking chamber and are completely combusted in the hot flue by the further addition of combustion air, called secondary air.

In this way, heat is supplied to the coal charge (coal charge) directly from the top and indirectly from the bottom, and therefore has a positive influence on the coking rate and, consequently, on the yield of the coke oven. In order to realize this method, it is necessary to supply the primary air and the secondary air at precise rates throughout the entire carbonization period, which may take 20 to 96 hours, and to variably control the supply of the primary air and the secondary air. In the context of the prior art disclosures, heat recovery and non-recovery coke ovens of flat construction are broadly described. For example, references US4,344,820, US4,287,024, US5,114,542, GB 1555400 or CA 2052177C.

According to the conventional state of the art, primary air is sucked from the ambient air through a port in the oven door. Secondary air is drawn in from a port near the bottom and is directed through a channel into a hot flue that extends mostly horizontally below the coke oven chamber. The vents for the primary and secondary air are either of a normally open type or are provided with a flap to regulate the amount of intake air.

Since coke oven batteries are very expensive and since there are often very high temperatures and since dust can be generated seriously, only manually adjustable ventilation covers have been disclosed in the prior art. Us patent 5,928,476 describes a coke oven battery in which three manually operable ports are provided on each coke oven door, and a plate or disk is provided on or in front of each coke oven door, each plate or disk being adapted to the cross section of the port and being supported by a central shaft. The position of these flaps can be changed manually by means of an operating lever.

In fact, whatever the method described above, it is evident that the variation of the primary and secondary air demand during the entire carbonization with manual conditioning operations, in complete isolation or isolation, has not been obtained so far with ideal conditioning over time. Further, the manual operation imposes a serious burden on the health of the operator.

The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in an efficient and economical way and to ensure an optimized supply of primary and/or secondary air. Especially because of the high temperatures and the large amount of impurities that are typical, it is necessary to ensure safe operation.

To achieve the object of the invention, the invention provides a device for supplying combustion air to the coking chambers of a coke oven for burning coke oven gas, which coke oven is constructed in a flat configuration and is arranged in the form of a coke oven battery, wherein the ventilation device consists of at least one ventilation opening for each coking chamber, which ventilation opening penetrates the corresponding coke oven door or the oven wall surrounding the door, and wherein a freely supported closing element is assigned to each ventilation opening, wherein

All the closing members of these vents are mechanically connected to at least one adjusting member controlled and actuated by a central position,

according to the demand of the coking chamber for combustion air, the closing element is driven by the adjusting element,

the mechanical connection of the individual closing elements to the central adjusting element can be operated individually, wherein in particular the starting position of the individual closing elements can be adjusted individually at the beginning of the coking process of the coking chamber concerned, independently of the other closing elements of the adjacent coking chambers.

It should be understood that the connection between the closing member and the adjusting member as used hereinafter means that the two elements can be detachably connected to each other by means of a connecting element, such as a lever, a sliding rope, a chain, a lever arm, etc., as well as combinations of these elements.

Preferred embodiments provide arrangements of adjustment members such as rotating chains or cables. The use of a screw (screw) as an adjustment member is another suitable embodiment. All these adjustment members allow a continuous action in one direction of movement, which is advantageous for continuity throughout the process.

Furthermore, the device embodying the invention may be arranged to mount a closing plate serving as a closing member, said closing plate being supported in such a way that it moves substantially parallel to the oven door when it is actuated by the connecting element.

For a directed flow of primary air, it is advantageous to use a rotationally symmetrical shape of the ventilation openings. The closing element used is therefore preferably provided as an upright closing plate and is supported in a vertically or horizontally rotatable manner about a central axis.

The invention provides a further improved embodiment of said ventilation means, consisting of a closure member consisting of at least two superimposed and mutually slidable faces (sides) which, ideally, when the closure member is not fully open, reveal a polygonal and point-symmetrical or nearly circular cross-section. The air sucked in at the ventilation openings is therefore not redirected and, because of the higher flow velocity, is guided deeper into the oven chamber.

A further improvement is to provide the closure member with a conical shape, the top end of the cone facing into the furnace when the closure member is inserted. The present embodiment can be further optimized in such a way that the aperture angle of the vent is equal or greater compared to the associated cone closure. In the embodiment of the device according to the invention using such a shutter, the air drawn in is minimally rotated in the area of the vent and in the area of the shutter, and the gas flame formation is not influenced by the size of the exposed cross-section (independently of the size of the exposed cross-section).

Due to the fact that the size of the conical angle of the vent opening is different from the size of the conical angle of the closing member, it can be guaranteed that impurities accumulated at the vent opening cannot prevent the vent opening from being completely closed. The conical closing element is moved in the longitudinal direction of the ventilation opening by means of the lever arrangement and/or the shaft, so that the annular gap is exposed when the closing element is not completely opened.

The ventilation device can be further improved by improving the connection mode of the regulating member and the closing member, and automatically separating the closing member from the regulating member when the regulating member is at the end position and when the ventilation opening is completely closed.

The invention further comprises a method for supplying combustion air to a coke oven, in which a variant embodiment of the ventilation device according to the invention as described above is used, said method comprising the following steps:

a) after emptying and refilling the coking chamber, the closing element is moved into an initial position, which represents a complete or nearly complete opening of the ventilation opening, and wherein the closing element is connected to the central adjusting element.

b) During carbonization, the central regulating member causes the closing member to act in a continuous manner and at substantially the same intermediate speed or drive frequency, causing the vent to close in a continuous manner.

c) At the end of the coking chamber carbonization period, the closing element closes the ventilation opening of the coking chamber completely and the closing element is disengaged from the adjusting element.

d) After emptying and refilling, the method restarts again from step (a).

A further development of the method provides that the closing element is automatically disengaged from the adjusting element in the end position.

In a further development of the method embodiment of the invention, at least two central adjusters are provided, wherein one central adjuster drives the primary air closing member and wherein the other central adjuster drives the secondary air closing member. The two central conditioning members can be controlled completely independently of each other during the entire carbonization.

It is advantageous to actuate one central adjusting member in a continuous manner and at substantially the same speed or drive frequency.

The invention also comprises the use of the ventilation device of the various embodiments described above, for a method for supplying combustion air into the coking chamber of a coke oven built in a flat configuration and configured in the form of a coke oven battery.

The invention is described by means of three exemplary different embodiments shown in fig. 1 to 3, to which the invention is not limited. FIG. 1 shows a front view of a coke oven 1. In front of the coke oven, the coke oven 1 has a coke oven door 2, and two primary air vents 3 are provided in the coke oven door 2. The hot flue 4 extends below the coke oven chamber, below the coke oven door 2 and is shown by a dashed line. A ventilation opening 5 for supplying secondary air to the hot flue 4 is provided below the hot flue 4 near the bottom.

Fig. 1 also shows a closure member 6 of the vent 3 for supplying primary air and a closure member 7 of the vent 5 for supplying secondary air. Each shutter is mainly composed of a shutter plate 9 and a lever arm 10, and each shutter is supported by a shaft 8, the shutter being movable in a rotating manner about the shaft 8. The lever arm 10 of the closure member 6 is detachably connected to the rotating chain 11 and the lever arm 10 of the closure member 7 is detachably connected to the rotating chain 12.

By the continuous movement of the chain 11 and the chain 12, respectively, the closing element 6 rotates counterclockwise by an angle α and the closing element 7 rotates clockwise by an angle β. The chains are driven by the central adjusting members 13 and 14, respectively.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of two coke ovens 1 representing a main coke oven battery, two coke oven batteries being represented by two arrows I and II. The two coke ovens 1 are in different stages of coal carbonization. The coke oven 1 shown on the right is in the initial stage of coal carbonization, and therefore the closing member 6 hardly overlaps with the vent 3. In this embodiment, the lever arm 10 is connected to the rotating chain 11 via a small chain 15. The arrangement for secondary air in the region of the ventilation openings 5 is similar. Wherein the closing members 7 and their lever arms 10 are connected to a rotating chain 12 by means of small chains 16, respectively.

The air supply to the coke oven 1 shown on the left side has been completely stopped and the lever arm 10 and the chain 15 have been disengaged from the rotating chain 11, respectively. The closing element 7 for controlling the secondary air of the coke oven 1 shown on the left is in the phase just before closing, but not yet completely closed. It will therefore be readily appreciated that the coke ovens 1 can be controlled completely independently, despite the use of a common central control.

Figure 3 shows a particular variant embodiment of the closure members 6 and 7. Shown in this sectional view is a rotationally symmetrical closing element 6 with a frustum-shaped closing plug 17, to which closing plug 17 a cylindrical guide rod 18 is fixed. The guide rods are firmly connected to spring bridges 19 which are fixed to the coke oven door 2. The guide bar 18 is guided by the guide tube 20 and is connected at its rear end to the rotating chain 11 by a small chain 15. The springs of the spring bridge 19 are prestressed by stretching in the early stages of the carbonization period, and therefore the ventilation opening 3 is largely opened. By means of the movement of the rotary chain 11, the spring bridge 19 is released, the closing element 6 is moved in the direction of the coke oven door 2 and the closing plug 17 is inserted into the conical ventilation opening 3. The pre-stressed state should be chosen such that the ventilation opening 3 is completely closed after the chain 15 and the spring bridge 19 have been released.

List of reference numerals

1 Coke oven

2 coke oven door

3 air vent (Primary air)

4 hot flue

5 air vent (secondary air)

6 closing member (Primary air)

7 closing member (secondary air)

8 hinge (axle)

9 closing plate

10 lever arm

11 chain (Primary air)

12 chain (secondary air)

13 adjusting part

14 adjusting part

15 chain

16 chain

17 closure plug

18 guide bar

19 spring bridge

20 guide tube

Claims (18)

1. A ventilation device for supplying primary air and secondary air into the coking chambers of a coke oven for the combustion of coke oven gas, the coke oven being of flat construction and being configured in the form of a coke oven battery, wherein the ventilation device consists of at least one primary air supply vent per coking chamber, which extends through the corresponding coke oven door or the oven wall surrounding the door, the ventilation device further comprising at least one secondary air supply vent per coking chamber, and wherein at least part of the primary air supply vents and/or the secondary air supply vents are provided with freely supported closing elements,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

at least part of the closing members of the primary air supply vents and/or of the secondary air supply vents are mechanically connected to a centrally controlled and actuated regulating member, by means of which the closing members can be actuated, depending on the combustion air demand in the coking chamber,

the mechanical connection of the individual closing elements to the adjusting element can be effected separately.

2. A ventilation device according to claim 1,

the starting position of the individual closing elements can be adjusted individually at the beginning of the coking process of the associated coking chamber independently of the other closing elements of the adjacent coking chambers.

3. A ventilating device according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

mechanically connecting at least part of the closure member for primary air with the conditioning element, and wherein at least part of the closure member for secondary air is mechanically connected with another of the conditioning elements.

4. A ventilating device according to any of the preceding claims 1-3,

the adjusting member and the closing member are mechanically connected by a rotating chain as a connecting element.

5. A ventilation device according to any of the preceding claims 1-3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the adjusting piece is a screw rod.

6. A ventilation device according to any of the preceding claims 1-3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the shutter is a closing plate supported in such a way that it moves substantially parallel to the oven door when the connecting element actuates the closing plate.

7. A ventilation device according to any of the preceding claims 1-3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the closing member is an upright closing plate supported in a vertically or horizontally rotatable manner about a central axis.

8. A ventilation device according to any of the preceding claims 1-3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the closing element consists of at least two superimposed and mutually slidable faces, wherein the faces preferably exhibit a polygonal and point-symmetrical cross section or a cross section close to a circle when the closing element is not completely opened.

9. A ventilation device according to any of the preceding claims 1-3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the closing element is conical, the top end of which points into the coke oven interior when the closing element is inserted.

10. A ventilating device according to claim 9,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the primary air supply vents and/or the secondary air supply vents have the same aperture angle or a larger aperture angle than the associated cone-shaped closure.

11. A ventilating device according to claim 9,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the conical closing element can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the primary air supply vent and/or the secondary air supply vent, so that the primary air supply vent and/or the secondary air supply vent emerges from the annular gap when the conical closing element is not completely open.

12. A ventilating device according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the closing element is connected to the regulating element in such a way that it automatically disengages from the regulating element when the closing element is in the end position and when the primary air supply vent and/or the secondary air supply vent has/have been completely closed.

13. A method for supplying combustion air into the coking chamber of a coke oven built in a flat configuration and arranged in the form of a coke oven battery for burning coke oven gas,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

use of at least one device according to claims 1-12, wherein

a) After emptying and refilling the coking chamber, the closure element is moved into an initial position, which indicates that the primary air supply vent and/or the secondary air supply vent is/are completely or nearly completely open, and wherein the closure element is connected to the regulating element, and wherein the next step is carried out

b) During carbonization, the regulating member actuates the closing member so that the primary air supply vent and/or the secondary air supply vent are gradually closed, and wherein the next step is carried out

c) At the end of the carbonization period of the associated coking chamber, the closing element of the coking chamber reaches its end position and is disengaged from the adjusting element, and wherein

d) The method is restarted again from step (a).

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

after the vent for supplying primary air and/or the vent for supplying secondary air are completely closed, the closing member is automatically separated from the adjusting member.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 13 or 14,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the conditioning element is caused to operate continuously and at substantially the same intermediate speed or drive frequency throughout the carbonization period.

16. The method according to any of the preceding claims 13-14,

at least one regulating member is provided for the shutter of primary air and at least one regulating member is provided for the shutter of secondary air.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

said conditioning elements of primary air and of secondary air are continuously active during the whole carbonization and are substantially active at the same medium speed or driving frequency.

18. Use of the device according to claims 1-12 for the supply of combustion air into the coking chamber of a coke oven built in a flat configuration and arranged in the form of a coke oven battery.