HK1121959B

HK1121959B - Shampoo containing a gel network

Info

Publication number: HK1121959B
Application number: HK09102449.4A
Authority: HK
Inventors: Robert Lee Wells; Douglas Allan Royce; Eric Scott Johnson; Jennifer Elaine Hilvert; Benjamin Parker Heath
Original assignee: 宝洁公司
Priority date: 2005-09-16
Filing date: 2005-12-12
Publication date: 2013-09-27

Description

Shampoo comprising a gel network

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a hair cleansing and conditioning shampoo comprising a gel network comprising a fatty amphiphile.

Background

Human hair can become dirty due to contact with the surrounding environment and due to sebum secreted by the scalp. Soiling of the hair can cause it to have a dirty feel and to be unsightly. Soiled hair requires frequent cleaning.

Shampoos cleanse the hair by removing excess soil and sebum. However, shampooing can leave the hair in a wet, tangled, and generally unmanageable state. After the hair dries, it is often in a dry, rough, lusterless or frizzy condition due to the removal of the hair's natural oils and other natural conditioning and moisturizing components. Furthermore, more static electricity is left on the hair after drying, which can affect combing and result in a condition commonly referred to as "flyaway hair".

Various approaches have been developed to alleviate these post-shampoo problems. These methods range from the use of hair conditioners after the shampoo (e.g., leave-on and rinse-off products) to hair conditioning shampoos which attempt to both clean and condition the hair with one product.

In order to provide hair conditioning benefits on a cleansing shampoo basis, a variety of conditioning actives have been proposed. However, many of these actives have the disadvantage of imparting a dirty or coated feel to the hair and affecting the shampoo cleansing efficacy.

The formation of coacervates in shampoo compositions is known to be advantageous for providing hair conditioning benefits. The use of cationic polymers to form coacervates is known in the art (e.g., in PCT publications WO93/08787 and WO 95/01152). However, these shampoo compositions are good for delivering wet hair conditioning, but are not capable of delivering satisfactory dry hair smoothness feel.

Based on the foregoing, there is a need for a conditioning shampoo that provides improved conditioning benefits to dry hair while not affecting cleansing efficacy, nor providing negative feel to the hair when it is dry. In particular, there is a need to provide long lasting moisturized feel, smooth feel and manageability control to hair when it is dry without leaving the hair feeling greasy, and to provide softness and ease of combing when the hair is wet.

None of the prior art provides all of the advantages and benefits of the present invention.

Summary of The Invention

The present invention relates to a shampoo composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of one or more detersive surfactants; (b) a dispersed gel network phase comprising: (i) at least about 0.05%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of one or more fatty amphiphiles, (ii) at least about 0.01%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of one or more secondary surfactants, and (iii) water; and (c) at least about 20%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of an aqueous carrier.

The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the shampoo composition described above.

The present invention also relates to a method of using the shampoo composition described above.

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the present invention will be better understood from the following description.

All percentages, parts and ratios are based on the total weight of the composition of the present invention, unless otherwise specified. All weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not include solvents or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified. Herein, the term "weight percent" may be expressed as "wt.%".

All molecular weights used herein are weight average molecular weights expressed as grams/mole, unless otherwise indicated.

The term "charge density" as used herein refers to the ratio of the number of positive charges on a polymer to the molecular weight of the polymer.

By "comprising" herein is meant that other steps and ingredients which do not affect the end result may be added. This term includes the terms "consisting of and" consisting essentially of. The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention can comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein.

The term "polymer" as used herein shall include materials made by the polymerization of one type of monomer or two types of monomers (i.e., copolymers) or more.

The term "shampoo" as used herein refers to compositions for cleansing and conditioning hair or skin, including the scalp, face and body.

As used herein, the term "suitable for application to human hair" means that the compositions or components thereof described are suitable for contact with human hair, scalp and skin without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like.

The term "water-soluble" as used herein means that the material is soluble in the water of the composition of the present invention. Typically, the material should be soluble in water at 25 ℃ at a concentration of 0.1% by weight of the aqueous solvent, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, most preferably at 15%.

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise one or more detersive surfactants, a dispersed gel network phase, and an aqueous carrier. Each of these basic components, as well as preferred or optional components, are detailed below.

A.Detersive surfactant

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise one or more detersive surfactants. The detersive surfactant component is included in the shampoo compositions of the present invention to provide cleaning performance. The detersive surfactant may be selected from anionic detersive surfactants, zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactants, or a combination thereof. These surfactants should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, or should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.

Suitable anionic detersive surfactant components for use in the compositions herein include those known for use in hair care or other personal care cleansing compositions. The concentration of the anionic surfactant component in the composition should be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning and lather performance and is generally from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from about 10% to about 25%, even more preferably from about 12% to about 22% by weight of the composition.

Preferred anionic surfactants suitable for use in the composition are alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates. These substances have the respective chemical formula ROSO₃M and RO (C)₂H₄O)_xSO₃M, wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 10, and M is a cation, such as ammonium, alkanolamines, such as triethanolamine, monovalent metals, such as sodium and potassium, and polyvalent metal cations, such as magnesium and calcium.

In the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates, R preferably contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, and even more preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms. Alkyl ether sulfates are typically prepared as condensation products of ethylene oxide with monohydric alcohols containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The alcohols may be synthetic or may be derived from fats and oils, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tallow. Lauryl alcohol and straight chain alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil are preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with from about 0 to about 10, preferably from about 2 to about 5, more preferably about 3 molar proportions of ethylene oxide, and the resulting mixture of molecular species (e.g., having an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol) is sulfated and neutralized.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are those according to formula R¹-SO₃Water soluble salts of organic sulfuric acid reaction products of-M, wherein R¹Is a straight or branched chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from about 8 to about 24, preferably from about 10 to about 18, carbon atoms; and M is a cation as described above.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are the reaction products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, wherein, for example, the fatty acids may be obtained from coconut oil or palm kernel oil; sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, wherein the fatty acids may be derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil, for example. Other similar anionic surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. nos. 2,486,921, 2,486,922 and 2,396,278.

Other anionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the composition are succinate salts, examples of which include disodium N-octadecyl sulfosuccinamate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N- (1, 2-dicarboxyethyl) -N-octadecyl sulfosuccinamate, the dipentyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, the dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, and the dioctyl ester of the sodium salt of sulfosuccinate.

Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants include olefin sulfonates having from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms. In addition to the olefin sulfonates and a proportion of the hydroxyalkanesulfonates in the strict sense, the olefin sulfonates may also contain minor amounts of other substances, such as olefin disulfonates, depending on the reaction conditions, the proportions of the reactants, the nature of the starting olefin and impurities in the olefin feed as well as side reactions during sulfonation. Non-limiting examples of the above alpha olefin sulfonate mixtures are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,880.

Another class of anionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the composition is the beta-alkoxy alkane sulfonates. These surfactants correspond to the following formula:

wherein R is¹Is a straight chain alkyl radical containing from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, R²Is a lower alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom, and M is a water soluble cation as described above.

Preferred anionic detersive surfactants which can be used in the composition include: ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, Monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and combinations thereof.

Zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the compositions herein include those known for use in hair care or other personal cleansing compositions. The concentration of the above amphoteric detersive surfactants preferably ranges from about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%. Non-limiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646 and 5,106,609 to Bolich Jr.

Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the composition are well known in the art and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain, wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Preferred amphoteric detersive surfactants for use in the present invention include cocoamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl acetate, cocoamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl diacetate, lauroamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl acetate, lauroamidoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl diacetate, and mixtures thereof.

Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the composition are well known in the art and include those surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, and phosphonate. Zwitterionic compounds (such as betaines) are preferred.

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise additional surfactants for use in combination with the anionic detersive surfactant component described hereinbefore. Suitable additional surfactants include cationic and nonionic surfactants.

Cationic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention include quaternary ammonium salts or amidoamines (having at least one fatty chain comprising at least about 8 carbon atoms) and mixtures thereof.

Suitable quaternary ammonium salts have the general formula:

N⁺(R₁R₂R₃R₄)X^-

wherein R is₁Selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain groups containing from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms; r₂Selected from linear and branched radicals containing from about 8 to 30 carbon atoms or with R₃And R₄The same groups; r₃And R₄Independently selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain aliphatic groups containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and aromatic groups such as aryl and alkylaryl groups, wherein the aliphatic groups can contain at least one heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen, and the aliphatic groups are selected from the group consisting of, for example, alkyl, alkoxy and alkylamide groups, and wherein X is^-Is selected from halides (such as chloride, bromide and iodide), (C)₂-C₆) Alkyl sulfates (e.g., methyl sulfate), phosphates, alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonate anions, and anions derived from organic acids (e.g., acetate and lactate).

Non-limiting examples of suitable cationic surfactants described above include cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenamidopropyltrimethylammonium methosulfate, stearamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, arachidyltrimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable amidoamine cationic surfactants have the general formula:

R’₁-CONH(CH₂)nNR’₂R’₃

wherein R'₁Selected from linear and branched groups comprising from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms; r'₂And R'₃Independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, straight and branched chain aliphatic groups containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, wherein the aliphatic groups may contain at least one heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen, and aromatic groups such as aryl and alkylaryl groups, and the aliphatic groups are selected from the group consisting of, for example, alkyl, alkoxy and alkylamide groups; and n is an integer from about 1 to about 4.

Non-limiting examples of suitable amidoamines described above include stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, behenamidopropyl diethylamine, behenamidoethyl dimethylamine, arachidopropyl diethylamine, arachidoyl amidoethyl dimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable nonionic surfactants include nonionic surfactants having an HLB of 7 or more and comprising one or more polyethylene oxide chains, wherein each polyethylene oxide chain comprises an average of at least about 5 ethylene oxide units.

Nonionic surfactants comprising one or more polyethylene oxide chains, wherein each polyethylene oxide chain comprises an average of at least about 5 ethylene oxide units, include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having an ethylene oxide group number of at least about 50, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oils, polyoxyethylene fatty amides and their monoethanolamine and diethanolamine derivatives, and polyethoxylated fatty amines, and mixtures thereof.

Among the preferred nonionic surfactants containing one or more polyethylene oxide chains are polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having at least about 5, preferably from about 10 to 20 ethylene oxide units. Examples of the above nonionic surfactants are steareth-10 and steareth-15.

Also suitable as the nonionic surfactant are nonionic surfactants having no polyethylene oxide chain and an HLB of 7 or more. Nonionic surfactants that do not contain polyethylene oxide chains include polyglycerolated fatty acids, polyglycerolated fatty amides, polyglycerolated alkylphenols, polyglycerolated alpha-diols, polyglycerolated alcohols, alkyl polyglucosides, and sugar esters. Preferably, suitable nonionic surfactants free of polyethylene oxide chains are selected from alkyl polyglucosides, sugar esters, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, alkyl polyglyceryl ethers, and mixtures thereof.

Among the suitable nonionic surfactants are, in addition, Alkyl Polysaccharide (APS) surfactants, such as alkyl polyglycosides. Such surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,647 to Llenado, published at 21.1 1986, which discloses APS surfactants having a hydrophobic group of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide (e.g., a polyglucoside) as the hydrophilic group. Optionally, a polyalkylene oxide group may be added to the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. The alkyl group (i.e., hydrophobic moiety) can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, and unsubstituted or substituted (e.g., with a hydroxyl group or a cyclic ring).

Among suitable nonionic surfactants are polyethylene glycol (PEG) glyceryl aliphatic esters, for example of the formula R (O) OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)_nThose of OH, wherein n is from about 5 to about 200, preferably from about 20 to about 100, and R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms.

Any of the above surfactants known in the art for use in hair care or personal care products may be used, provided that the additional surfactant is also chemically and physically compatible with the essential components of the composition, or otherwise does not unduly impair product performance, aesthetics or stability. The concentration of the additional surfactant in the composition may vary depending on the desired cleaning or lathering effect, the optional surfactant selected, the desired product concentration, the presence of other components in the composition, and other factors well known in the art.

Non-limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, cationic, nonionic, or optionally additional surfactants suitable for use in the compositions are described in McCutcheon, "Emulsifiers and Detergents" (journal of 1989, m.c. publishing co.) and U.S. patents 3,929,678, 2,658,072, 2,438,091, and 2,528,378.

B.Dispersed gel network phase

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise a dispersed gel network phase comprising a fatty amphiphile. The gel network phase is included in the shampoo compositions of the present invention to provide conditioning benefits. As used herein, the term "gel network" refers to a lamellar or porous, solid, crystalline phase comprising at least one fatty amphiphile as defined in detail below, at least one second surfactant as defined in detail below, and water or other suitable solvent. The lamellar or porous phase comprises bilayers, consisting of alternating first layers comprising a fatty amphiphile and a second surfactant and second layers comprising water or other suitable solvent. As used herein, the term "solid crystalline" refers to a lamellar or porous phase structure formed at a temperature below the chain melting temperature of the layer in the gel network (comprising one or more fatty amphiphiles), the chain melting temperature being at least about 27 ℃. The chain melting temperature can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the method of which is described in the examples below.

Gel networks comprising, for example, fatty alcohols have been used in cosmetic creams and hair care products for many years. However, such cosmetic creams and conditioners typically contain very low amounts (if any) of detersive surfactant. Thus, the above known products do not provide a combination of cleansing and conditioning to the hair or skin.

Generally, gel networks are also described by the "Functions of mixed emulsifiers and Emulsifying Waxes in chromatographic locations and peaks" of g.m. eclleston, gels and Surfaces a: physiochem.and Eng.Aspects123-124(1997) 169-; and G.M Eccleston, "The MicroStructure of SemisolidCs", pharmaceutical International, Vol.7, 63-70 (1986).

In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersed gel network phase is preformed. As used herein, the term "preformed" means that the mixture of fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant, and water or other suitable solvent is a substantially solid crystalline phase when added to the other components of the shampoo composition.

In accordance with this example of the invention, the gel network components of the invention are prepared as a separate premix which is subsequently mixed with the detersive surfactant and other components of the shampoo composition after cooling. More specifically, the gel network components of the present invention may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant and water to a temperature in the range of about 75 ℃ to about 90 ℃ and mixing. The mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 27 ℃ to about 35 ℃, for example, by passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. The result of this cooling step is that the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant crystallize to form a solid crystalline gel network.

An alternative method of preparing the gel network components involves ultrasonicating and/or milling the fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant and water whilst heating the components to reduce the particle size of the molten fatty amphiphile phase. This results in an increase in the surface area of the fatty amphiphile phase which causes the second surfactant and water to swell the fatty amphiphile phase. Another suitable variation for preparing the gel network involves first heating and mixing the fatty amphiphile and the second surfactant and then adding the mixture to water.

The cooled and preformed gel network components are then added to the components of the shampoo composition, including the detersive surfactant component. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that mixing the cooled and preformed gel network components with the detersive surfactant and other components of the shampoo composition results in the formation of a well-balanced lamellar dispersion (ELD) in the final shampoo composition. The ELD is a dispersed lamellar or porous phase resulting from the intimate balance of the preformed gel network components with the detersive surfactant, water, and other optional components (e.g., salts) that may be present in the shampoo composition. This equilibration occurs after the preformed gel network components are mixed with the other components of the shampoo composition and is effectively completed within about 24 hours after initiation. The shampoo compositions in which the ELDs are formed provide improved wet and dry conditioning benefits to the hair. Furthermore, if the components comprising the gel network components (i.e., fatty amphiphile and secondary surfactant are mixed with water) are added as separate components to one mixing step along with the other components of the shampoo composition and not as separate cooled preformed gel network components, the ELDs will not form.

The presence of the gel network in the premix and final shampoo composition in the form of ELDs can be confirmed by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as X-ray analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are described in the following examples.

In one embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of fatty amphiphile to second surfactant in the gel network component is greater than about 1: 9, preferably greater than about 1: 5 to about 100: 1, more preferably greater than about 1: 1 to about 50: 1, and even more preferably greater than about 2: 1 to about 10: 1.

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise a gel network in an amount greater than about 0.1%, preferably from about 1% to about 60%, and more preferably from about 5% to about 40%, by weight of the shampoo composition.

1.Fatty amphiphiles

The gel network component of the present invention comprisesAt least one fatty amphiphile. As used herein, "fatty amphiphile" refers to a fatty amphiphile having R as defined below₁A compound having a hydrophobic tail group and a hydrophilic head group that does not render the compound water soluble, wherein the compound is also net electrically neutral at the pH of the shampoo composition. As used herein, the term "water-soluble" means that the material is soluble in the water of the composition of the present invention. Typically, the material should be soluble in water at 25 ℃ at a concentration of 0.1%, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, most preferably at 15% by weight of the aqueous solvent.

A fatty amphiphile of the present invention can be defined as a compound having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 6 or less. As used herein, the HLB is a standard HLB according to Griffin, j.soc.cosm.chem., volume 5, page 249 (1954).

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise fatty amphiphiles as part of a preformed dispersed gel network phase at a level of from about 0.05% to about 14%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, and more preferably from about 1% to about 8%, by weight of the shampoo composition.

In accordance with the present invention, a suitable fatty amphiphile or a suitable mixture of two or more fatty amphiphiles has a melting point of at least about 27 ℃. As used herein, Melting point can be determined by standard Melting point methods as described in U.S. Pharmacopeia, USP-NF General channel <741> "Melting range or temperature". The melting point of a mixture of two or more substances is measured by mixing the two or more substances at a temperature above the respective melting points and then allowing the mixture to cool. If the resulting composite is a homogeneous solid below about 27 deg.C, the mixture has a suitable melting point for use in the present invention. Mixtures of two or more fatty amphiphiles wherein the mixture comprises at least one fatty amphiphile having an individual melting point of less than about 27℃ are still suitable for use in the present invention provided that the mixture has a composite melting point of at least about 27℃.

Suitable fatty amphiphiles according to the present invention have R₁Hydrophobic tail groupAnd (4) clustering. As used herein, R₁Is C₁₂-C₇₀Long alkyl, alkenyl (containing up to 3 double bonds), alkylaryl, or branched alkyl groups. Non-limiting examples of alkyl, alkenyl, or branched alkyl groups suitable for use in the fatty amphiphiles of the present invention include lauryl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, cetyl, heptadecyl, stearyl, arachidyl, behenyl, undecylenyl, 9-hexadecenyl, oleyl, palmitoyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, arachidyl, elaidyl, tungenyl, erucyl, isolauryl, isotridecyl, isotetradecyl, isotentadecyl, petroselinyl, isohexadecyl, isoheptadecyl, isostearyl, isoarachidyl, isobehenyl, cis-9-eicosenyl, brassidine, and technical grade mixtures thereof.

As used herein, R₁Branched alkyl groups are also possible, which are prepared by base condensation of alcohols to form higher molecular weight branched iso-alcohols. These branched iso-alcohols are known in the art as Guerbet alcohols.

R₁Alkyl, alkenyl or branched carbon chains which may be of vegetable origin, including for example malt extract, sunflower, grape seed, sesame, corn, apricot, castoreum, avocado, olive, soybean, sweet almond, palm, rapeseed, cottonseed, hazelnut, macadamia nut, sago butter, jojoba oil, alfalfa, poppy, pumpkin seed, sesame, cucumber, blackcurrant, evening primrose, millet, barley, quinoa, rye, safflower, tung seed, passion flower or musk rose oil, and avocado oil.

Suitable fatty amphiphiles of the present invention also have hydrophilic head groups that do not render the compound water soluble, for example in compounds having an HLB of 6 or less. Non-limiting examples of classes of compounds having such hydrophilic head groups include fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty phenols, alkoxylated fatty phenols, fatty amides, alkoxylated fatty amides, fatty amines, fatty alkylamidoalkylamines, fatty alkoxylated amines, fatty carbamates, fatty amine oxides, fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty diesters, fatty sorbitan esters, fatty sugar esters, methyl glucoside esters, fatty glycol esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides, polyglycerol fatty esters, alkyl glyceryl ethers, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, cholesterol, ceramides, fatty silicone waxes, fatty glucamides, and phospholipids.

The fatty amphiphilic compound may be selected alone or in combination of two or more different fatty amphiphilic compounds to form the gel network component of the present invention. Non-limiting examples of classes of compounds from which one or more fatty amphiphiles suitable for use in the present invention may be selected are provided below.

a.Fatty alcohol/alkoxylated fatty alcohol ether

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be selected from fatty alcohol compounds or alkoxylated fatty alcohol ether compounds according to the following formula:

R₁-(OR₂)_k-OH

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂Is C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; and k is a number in the range of about 0 to about 5.

Fatty alcohols useful herein are those having from about 12 to about 60 carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols may be straight or branched chain alcohols and may be saturated or unsaturated. Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, C20-40 alcohol, C30-50 alcohol, C40-60 alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohol ethers include the addition products of 1 to 5mol of ethylene oxide with straight-chain fatty alcohols having from about 12 to about 60 carbon atoms, which are all adducts obtainable by known industrial ethoxylation processes. Also suitable are polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, for example, the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 60 carbon atoms in either a straight or branched chain configuration with ethylene oxide, wherein the ethylene oxide is present in an amount equal to from about 1 to about 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol. Also suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohol ethers include those derived from the condensation product of ethylene oxide with the product obtained from the reaction of propylene oxide and 1, 2-ethylenediamine.

Non-limiting examples of suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohol ethers include stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2, behenyl polyoxyethylene ether-5, behenyl polyoxyethylene ether-10, C20-40 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether-3, C20-40 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether-10, C30-50 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether-3, and C30-50-alkyl polyoxyethylene ether-10.

b.Diester based ethers

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of diester-based ether compounds according to the following formula:

R`₁-(OR₂)_k-Z-(R₂O)_l-R``₁

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂Is C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k + l) has a value in the range of 1 to 30; and Z is an ether (i.e., -O-) or an amine (i.e., -NR)₂-, wherein R₂As described immediately above).

It is known in the art that compounds of the above formula wherein Z is an ether (i.e., a dialkoxyethyl ether) can be prepared by the esterification process of a fatty alcohol and an aliphatic alkoxyethanol. Compounds of the formula above in which Z is an amine group can be prepared according to the process described in DE 3504242 for the preparation of etheramines, for example by reaction of triethanolamine with 2mol C₁₂-C₆₀By O-alkylation of sulfuric acid half-ester salts of fatty alcohols.

Non-limiting examples of suitable diester compounds include dicetylstearyl ether, dicetylstearyl dioxyethyl ether, and N, N-bis (2-cetylstearyl-oxyethyl) aminoethanol.

c.Fatty amides/fatty alkanolamides/fatty alkoxylated amides

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from fatty amide compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂And R₃Each is independently C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k + l) has a value in the range of 0 to 10; and X and Y are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄Carbon chain (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted), morpholine, or C₅-C₅₀The carbon chains (linked by amide, ester or ether linkages).

Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty amides, aliphatic alkanolamides, or aliphatic alkoxylated amides include cocamide, cocamide methyl MEA, cocoyl glutamic acid, erucamide, lauramide, oleamide, palmitamide, stearamide, stearyl erucamide, behenamide DEA, behenamide MEA, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA, hydroxyethyl stearamide-MIPA, hydroxypropyl diisostearamide MEA, hydroxypropyl dilauramide MEA, hydroxystearamide MEA, isostearamide DEA, isostearamide MEA, isostearamide MIPA, isostearamide DEA, lauramide MIPA, myriaramide DEA, myriaramide MEA, myriaramide MIPA, palmitamide DEA, palmitamide MEA, palmitamide MIPA, palmitamide MEA, PEG-20 cocamide MEA, stearamide, palmitamide, lauramide MIPA, palmitamide DEA, palmitamide MIPA, palmitamide MEA, palmitamide MIPA, palmitamide MEA, palm, Stearamide DEA, stearamide DEA-distearate, stearamide DIBA-stearate, stearamide MEA-stearate, stearamide MIPA, PEG-2 cocamide, PEG-3 cocamide, PEG-4 cocamide, PEG-5 cocamide, PEG-6 cocamide, PEG-7 cocamide, PEG-3 lauramide, PEG-5 lauramide, PEG-3 oleamide, PEG-9 oleamide, PEG-4 stearamide, PEG-10 stearamide, PPG-2 cocamide, PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocoamide/isostearamide, ceramide 1, ceramide 2, ceramide 3, ceramide 4, and ceramide 5.

d.Fatty carbamates

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be selected from fatty carbamate compounds according to the following formula:

Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty carbamates include cetyl carbamate, stearyl carbamate, PEG-2 stearyl carbamate, PEG-4 stearyl carbamate, and behenyl carbamate.

e.Aliphatic alkyl amido alkyl amines

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from the group consisting of fatty alkylamido alkylamine compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂And R₃Each is independently C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k + l) has a value in the range of 0 to 10; x and Y are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₄Carbon chain (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted), morpholine, or C₅-C₅₀Carbon chains (linked by amide, ester or ether linkages); and n is a number in the range of about 1 to about 4.

Non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatic alkylamidoalkylamine compounds include stearamidoethyldiethanolamine, stearamidopropylmorpholine, stearamidopropyldimethylamine stearate, stearamidopropyldimethylamine, stearamidoethyldiethylamine, stearamidoethyldiethanolamine, isostearamidomorpholine stearate, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldiethylamine, cocamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine, arachidopropyldimethylamine, arachidoamidopropyldiethylamine, arachidoylethyldiethylamine, arachidoylethyldimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.

f.Fatty amines/fatty alkanolamines/fatty alkoxylated amines

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from fatty amine compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R is₁As described above; and R' is₅And R' are provided₅Independently is hydrogen orC₁-C₅Carbon chains, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted.

Furthermore, the fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may be selected from fatty alkoxylated amine compounds according to any one of the following formulae:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂And R₃Each is independently C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k + l) has a value ranging from 0 to 10; x and Y are each independently of the other hydrogen, C₁-C₄Carbon chain (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted), morpholine, or C₅-C₅₀Carbon chains (linked by amide, ester or ether linkages); and n is a number in the range of about 1 to about 4; and Z is an ether (i.e., -O-) or an amine (i.e., -NH-).

Primary, secondary and tertiary fatty amines are useful. Suitable fatty alkoxylated amine compounds include addition products of ethylene oxide with branched aliphatic alkylamines having 12 to 60 carbon atoms, all of which are adducts obtainable by known industrial processes, and which are commercially available.

Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty amines and fatty alkoxylated amine compounds include diethyl laurylamine, di-coco amine, dimethyl coco amine, cetyl amine, stearyl amine, oleyl amine, behenyl amine, dimethyl behenyl amine, diethyl behenyl amine, N-lauryl diethanol amine. TEA-polyricinoleate, TEA-lauryl ether, diethylaminoethyl PEG-5 cocoate, diethylaminoethyl PEG-5 laurate, hydroxyethyl isostearyl oxyisopropanolamine, PEG-2 cocoamine, PEG-5 cocoamine, PEG-10 cocoamine, PEG-5 isodecyloxypropylamine, PEG-2 lauramine, PEG-2 oleylamine, PEG-5 oleylamine, PEG-10 oleylamine, PEG-2 octadecylamine, PEG-5 octadecylamine, PEG-10 octadecylamine, PPG-2 cocoamine, PPG-2 hydrogenated tallow amine, PPG-2 tallow amine, and PPG-3 tallow aminopropylamine.

g.Fatty amine oxides

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from fatty amine oxide compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂And R₃Each is independently C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k + l) has a value in the range of 0 to 10; x and Y are each independently of the other hydrogen, C₁-C₄Carbon chain (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted), morpholine, or C₅-C₅₀The carbon chain (attached via amide, ester, or ether linkages; Z is an ether (i.e., -O-) or amide (i.e., -C (O) -NH-) linkage; and n is a number in the range of from about 1 to about 4.

Non-limiting examples of suitable amine oxide compounds include dimethyl-dodecylamine oxide, oleyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyl tetradecylamine oxide, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -tetradecylamine oxide, dimethyl hexadecylamine oxide, behenylamine oxide, cocoamine oxide, tetradecylamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl C12-15 alkoxypropyl amine oxide, dihydroxyethyl cocoamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl laurylamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl octadecylamine oxide, dihydroxyethyl tallowamine oxide, hydrogenated palm kernel amine oxide, and mixtures thereof,Hydrogenated tallow amine oxideHydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl C12-15 alkoxypropyl amine oxide, laurylamine oxide,Myristicamine oxideTetradecyl/cetylamine oxide,Oleamidopropylamine oxideOleylamine oxide, oleylamine oxide,Palm amine oxide、PEG-3 month Cinnamylamine oxideArticle of manufacture、Triphosphorylmethylamine oxide potassium saltOctadecylamine oxide, andtallow amine oxygen Article of manufacture。

h.Fatty acid/alkoxylated fatty acid

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from fatty acids or alkoxylated fatty acid compounds according to the following formula:

Non-limiting examples of suitable fatty acids and alkoxylated fatty acids include behenic acid, C10-40 hydroxyalkyl acid, C32-36 isoalkyl acid, coconut acid, erucic acid, hydroxystearic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, PEG-8 behenate, PEG-5 cocoate, PEG-10 cocoate, PEG-2 laurate, PEG-4 laurate, PEG-6 laurate, PEG-8 laurate, PEG-9 laurate, PEG-10 laurate, PEG-7 oleate, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-3 stearate, PEG-4 stearate, PEG-5 stearate, PEG-6 stearate, PEG-7 stearate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-9 stearate, PEG-10 stearate, polyglyceryl-2-PEG-4 stearate, PPG-2 isostearate, and PPG-9 laurate.

i.Aliphatic esters

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be selected from fatty ester compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂Is C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k is a number in the range of about 1 to about 5; and R is₆Is C₁-C₄₀Carbon chain or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.

Wherein R is₇Is C₁-C₄₀Carbon chain).

These suitable aliphatic esters include esters having hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g., monoesters, polyol esters, and di-and tri-carboxylic acid esters). The hydrocarbyl groups in the aliphatic esters herein may include or have covalently bonded thereto other compatible functional groups such as amide and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.).

Non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatic ester compounds include isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, cetyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from other fatty ester compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R' is₈、R``₈And R' group₈Each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy or C₁-C₄Carbon chains (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted); k ', k' and k 'are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k' + k '+ k') has a value in the range of 0 to 15; r' type₂、R``₂And R' group₂Each independently selected from C₁-C₅Carbon chains (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted); and wherein R' is₁₀、R``₁₀、R```₁₀Each independently selected from hydrogen or R₁Wherein R is₁As defined above, provided that R' is₁₀、R``₁₀And R' group₁₀At least one of which is an R1 group.

Other suitable aliphatic esters are di-and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. C₄To C₈Esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g. C of succinic, glutaric and adipic acids)₁To C₂₂Esters, preferably C₁To C₆Esters). Specific non-limiting examples of di-and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyl stearate, stearyl citrate, distearyl citrate, and tristearyl citrate.

wherein R' is₂、R``₂And R' group₂Each independently selected from C₁-C₅Carbon chains (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted); r' type₈、R``₈And R' group₈Each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, or C₁-C₄Carbon chains (which may be branched or hydroxy substituted); k ', k' and k 'are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k' + k '+ k') has a value in the range of 0 to 15; and R' is₉、R``₉And R' group₉Each independently selected from hydrogen or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.

Wherein R is₁As described above), provided that R', is₉、R``₉And R' group₉At least one of which is

A group.

Other suitable aliphatic esters are those known as polyol esters. Such polyol esters include alkylene glycol esters such as ethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol monooleate, polypropylene glycol 2000 monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, mono-and di-fatty acid glycerides, polyglycerol poly-fatty acid esters, ethoxylated glycerol monostearate, 1, 3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid esters.

Other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are also glycerides, including but not limited to mono-, di-and triglycerides, preferably mono-and di-glycerides, more preferably mono-glycerides. For use in the compositions described herein, the glycerides are preferably glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids such as C₁₂To C₂₂Mono-, di-and tri-esters of carboxylic acids. A variety of such materials are available from vegetable and animal fats and oils, such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, lanolin and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, glycerol trioleate and glycerol tristearate, glycerol dilaurate.

j.Aliphatic phosphorus-containing compounds

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be selected from aliphatic phosphorus-containing compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂Is C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k is a number in the range of about 0 to about 5; and R is₅Is hydrogen or C₁-C₄Carbon chains, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted. The arrows in the above formula represent semi-polar bonds, according to known convention.

Non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatic phosphorus-containing compounds include dodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, tetradecyl methyl ethyl phosphine oxide, 3,6, 9-trioxocatadecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, cetyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, 3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxide, stearyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, cetyl ethylpropyl phosphine oxide, oleyl diethyl phosphine oxide, dodecyl diethyl phosphine oxide, tetradecyl diethyl phosphine oxide, dodecyl dipropyl phosphine oxide, dodecyl bis (hydroxymethyl) phosphine oxide, dodecyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxide, tetradecyl methyl-2-hydroxypropyl phosphine oxide, oleyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, methyl propyl phosphine oxide, ethyl propyl phosphine oxide, methyl propyl phosphine oxide, ethyl methyl phosphine oxide, propyl phosphine oxide, And 2-hydroxylauryldimethylphosphine oxide.

k.Aliphatic sorbitan derivatives

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may also be selected from aliphatic sorbitan derivative compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R' is₂、R``₂、R```₂And R' and its preparation method₂Each independently is C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; r' type₉、R``₉、R```₉And R' and its preparation method₉Each independently is hydrogen or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.

Wherein R is₁As described above), provided that R', is₉、R``₉、R```₉And R' and its preparation method₉At least one of which is

A group; and k ', k ', and k ' are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k ' + k ') has a value in the range of 0 to 20.

Non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatic sorbitan derivatives include PEG-20 sorbitan cocoate, PEG-2 sorbitan isostearate, PEG-5 sorbitan isostearate, PEG-20 sorbitan isostearate, PEG-10 sorbitan laurate, PEG-3 sorbitan oleate, PEG-6 sorbitan oleate, PEG-20 sorbitan oleate, PEG-3 sorbitan stearate, PEG-4 sorbitan stearate, PEG-6 sorbitan stearate, PEG-4 sorbitan triisostearate, PEG-20 sorbitan triisostearate, PEG-2 sorbitan trioleate, PEG-3 sorbitan tristearate, Polyglyceryl-2 sorbitan tetraethylhexanoate, sorbitan octanoate, sorbitan cocoate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan olivate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan triisostearate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate, and sorbitan undecylate.

l.Sucrose polyesters

The fatty amphiphile of the present invention may be selected from sucrose polyester compounds according to the following formula:

wherein R' is₉、R``₉、R```₉、R````₉、R`````₉、R``````₉、R```````₉And R' and₉each is hydrogen or alkylcarbonyl (i.e.Wherein R is₁As described above), provided that R', is₉、R``₉、R```₉、R````₉、R`````₉、R``````₉、R```````₉And R' and₉at least one of which isA group.

Non-limiting examples of suitable sucrose polyester compounds include sucrose cocoate, sucrose dilaurate, sucrose distearate, sucrose hexaerucate, sucrose hexaoleate/hexapalmitate/hexastearate, sucrose hexapalmitate, sucrose laurate, sucrose mortierella, sucrose myristate, sucrose octaacetate, sucrose oleate, sucrose palmitate, sucrose pentaerucate, sucrose polybehenate, sucrose polycarponate, sucrose polylaurate, sucrose polyiinoleate, sucrose polyeleate, sucrose polypalmitate, sucrose polysoyate, sucrose polystearate, sucrose ricinoleate, sucrose stearate, sucrose tetraisostearate, sucrose tetrastearate triacetate, sucrose tribehenate, and sucrose tristearate.

m.Alkyl sulfoxide

The fatty amphiphiles of the present invention may also be selected from alkyl sulfoxide compounds according to the following formulae:

wherein R is₁As described above; r₂Is C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k is a number in the range of about 0 to about 10; and X and Y are each independently selected from hydrogen or C₁-C₄Carbon chains, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted.

Non-limiting examples of suitable alkyl sulfoxide compounds include octadecyl methyl sulfoxide, 2-ketotridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3,6, 9-trioxadecyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulfoxide, dodecyl methyl sulfoxide, oleyl 3-hydroxypropyl sulfoxide, tetradecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3-methoxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3-hydroxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide, and 3-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybutyl methyl sulfoxide.

2.A second surfactant

The gel network component of the present invention further comprises a second surfactant. As used herein, "secondary surfactant" refers to one or more surfactants that are mixed with the fatty amphiphile and water to form the gel network of the present invention, and separated as a premix from the other components of the shampoo composition. The secondary surfactant is isolated from the shampoo composition and is in addition to the detersive surfactant component of the shampoo composition. However, the second surfactant may be the same or a different type of surfactant, or a detersive surfactant as described above, or a detersive surfactant selected from those described above.

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise a secondary surfactant as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel network phase in an amount from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.3% to about 5%, by weight of the shampoo composition.

As noted above, for use in the present invention, the weight ratio of fatty amphiphile to secondary surfactant is greater than about 1: 9, preferably greater than about 1: 5 to about 100: 1, more preferably greater than about 1: 1 to about 50: 1, and even more preferably greater than about 2: 1 to about 10: 1.

Suitable secondary surfactants include anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, cationic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants generally described above in the detersive surfactant section.

Preferred anionic surfactants for use as the second surfactant of the present invention include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl monoglyceride sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocosulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and combinations thereof.

Cationic surfactants suitable for use as the second surfactant of the present invention include quaternary ammonium salts or amidoamines (having at least one fatty chain comprising at least about 8 carbon atoms) and mixtures thereof.

Suitable quaternary ammonium salts have the general formula:

N⁺(R₁R₂R₃R₄)X^-

wherein R is₁Selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain groups containing from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; r₂Selected from linear and branched radicals containing from about 8 to 12 carbon atoms or with R₃And R₄The same groups; r₃And R₄Independently selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain aliphatic groups containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and aromatic groups such as aryl and alkylaryl groups, wherein the aliphatic groups can contain at least one heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen, and the aliphatic groups are selected from the group consisting of, for example, alkyl, alkoxy and alkylamide groups, and wherein X is^-Is selected from halides (such as chloride, bromide and iodide), (C)₂-C₆) Alkyl sulfates (e.g., methyl sulfate), phosphates, alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonate anions, and anions derived from organic acids (e.g., acetate and lactate).

Non-limiting examples of suitable cationic surfactants described above include cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium methylsulfate, behenamidopropyltrimethylammonium methylsulfate, stearamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, eicosyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, dicetyldimethylammonium chloride, tricetylmethylammonium chloride, oleoylamidopropyldimethylamine, linoleamidopropyldimethylamine, isostearamidopropyldimethylamine, oleylhydroxyethylimidazoline, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable amidoamine cationic surfactants have the general formula:

R’₁-CONH(CH₂)nNR’₂R’₃

wherein R'₁Selected from linear and branched groups comprising from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; r'₂And R'₃Independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, straight and branched chain aliphatic groups containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, wherein the aliphatic groups may contain at least one heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen, and aromatic groups such as aryl and alkylaryl groups, and the aliphatic groups are selected from the group consisting of, for example, alkyl, alkoxy and alkylamide groups; and n is an integer from about 1 to about 4.

Nonionic surfactants comprising one or more polyethylene oxide chains, wherein each polyethylene oxide chain comprises an average of at least about 5 ethylene oxide units, include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having an ethylene oxide group number of at least about 5, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oils, polyoxyethylene fatty amides and their monoethanolamine and diethanolamine derivatives, and polyethoxylated fatty amines, and mixtures thereof.

Also suitable as the nonionic surfactant are nonionic surfactants having an HLB of 7 or more and containing no polyethylene oxide chain. Nonionic surfactants that do not contain polyethylene oxide chains include polyglycerolated fatty acids, polyglycerolated fatty amides, polyglycerolated alkylphenols, polyglycerolated alpha-diols, polyglycerolated alcohols, alkyl polyglucosides, and sugar esters. Preferably, suitable nonionic surfactants free of polyethylene oxide chains are selected from alkyl polyglucosides, sugar esters, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, alkyl polyglyceryl ethers, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable secondary surfactants of the present invention also include so-called gemini surfactants. Gemini Surfactants are generally manufactured by "Gemini Surfactants" of f.m.menger and c.a.littau: ANew Class of Self-Assembling Molecules ", j.am.chem.soc., 1993, 115, pages 10083 to 10090; and "gemini (dimeric) Surfactants" by b.s.sekon: the two facing Molecules ", Resonance, pages 42 to 49 (3 months 2004). Examples of suitable gemini surfactants are described in U.S. patents 5,922,671, 6,204,297, 6,358,914, 6,710,022, 6,777,384, 6,794,345, and 6,797,687.

More than one of the above specified types of surfactants may be used as the second surfactant in the present invention.

3.Water or suitable solvents

The gel network component of the present invention also comprises water or a suitable solvent. Water or a suitable solvent together with the second surfactant aids in the swelling of the fatty amphiphile. This in turn leads to the formation and stabilization of a gel network. As used herein, the term "suitable solvent" refers to any solvent that can be used in the gel network of the present invention, or in combination with water, in the formation of the gel network of the present invention.

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise water or a suitable solvent as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel network phase in an amount suitable to form a gel network when combined with a fatty amphiphile and a secondary surfactant in accordance with the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise at least about 0.05%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of water or a suitable solvent as part of the preformed dispersed gel network phase.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the shampoo composition comprises water or a suitable solvent as part of the preformed dispersed gel network phase in a weight ratio of at least about 1: 1 relative to the fatty amphiphile.

C.Aqueous carrier

The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise an aqueous carrier. The compositions of the present invention are typically in the form of pourable liquids (at ambient conditions). Thus, the composition comprises an aqueous carrier in an amount of from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from about 60% to about 85%, by weight of the composition. The aqueous carrier may comprise water, or a miscible mixture of water and an organic solvent, but preferably comprises water and a minimum or insignificant concentration of an organic solvent, except for those additionally incidentally incorporated into the composition as minor components of other essential or optional components.

D.Additional Components

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise one or more optional components known for use in hair care or personal care products, provided that the optional component is physically and chemically compatible with the essential components described herein, or does not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance. The concentration of each of such optional components may be from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

Non-limiting examples of optional components for use in the composition include cationic polymers, conditioning agents (hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters, silicones), antidandruff agents, suspending agents, viscosity modifiers, dyes, non-volatile solvents or diluents (water soluble and insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam boosters, additional surfactants or non-ionic co-surfactants, pediculicides, pH adjusters, perfumes, preservatives, chelating agents, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, uv absorbers and vitamins.

1.Deposition aid

Shampoo compositions of the invention may comprise a deposition aid. Deposition aids are included to effectively enhance deposition of the gel network components. The deposition aid may comprise any material which enhances the deposition of the gel network from the shampoo onto the hair and/or scalp.

The concentration of the deposition aid in the shampoo composition should be sufficient to effectively enhance deposition of the gel network component and range from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.075% to about 2.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the shampoo composition.

In one embodiment of the invention, the deposition aid is a cationic polymer. Preferred cationic polymers have a cationic charge density of at least about 0.9meq/g, preferably at least about 1.2meq/g, more preferably at least about 1.5meq/g, but at the same time preferably less than about 7meq/g, more preferably less than about 5meq/g, at the pH at which the composition is intended to be used. The pH will generally range from about pH 3 to about pH 9, preferably between about pH 4 and about pH 8. The term "cationic charge density" of a polymer, as used herein, refers to the ratio of the number of positive charges on the polymer to the molecular weight of the polymer. The average molecular weight of such suitable cationic polymers is generally between about 10,000 and 1 million, preferably between about 50,000 and about 5 million, more preferably between about 100,000 and about 3 million.

Suitable cationic polymers for use in the compositions of the present invention comprise cationic nitrogen-containing moieties such as quaternary ammonium or cationic protonated amino moieties. The cationic protonated amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines (preferably secondary or tertiary), depending on the particular species of composition and the selected pH. Any anionic counterions can be used in conjunction with the cationic polymers so long as the polymers remain soluble in water, in the composition, or in a coacervate phase of the composition, and so long as the counterions are physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the composition or otherwise do not unduly impair product performance, stability or aesthetics. Non-limiting examples of such counterions include halide (e.g., chloride, fluoride, bromide, iodide), sulfate, and methylsulfate.

Non-limiting examples of such polymers are described in Estrin, Crosley, and Haynes, third edition, "CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary" (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, D.C. (1982)).

Non-limiting examples of suitable cationic polymers include copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic protonated amine or quaternary ammonium functionality with water soluble spacer monomers such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl acrylamides and dialkyl acrylamides, alkyl methacrylamides and dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, vinyl caprolactone or vinyl pyrrolidone.

Suitable cationic protonated amino and quaternary ammonium monomers for inclusion in the cationic polymers of the compositions herein include: vinyl compounds substituted with dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl acrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, trialkyl methacryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, trialkyl acryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, diallyl quaternary ammonium salts, and vinyl quaternary ammonium monomers having cationic nitrogen-containing rings such as pyridinium, imidazolium, and quaternized pyrrolidone, e.g., alkyl vinyl imidazolium, alkyl vinyl pyridinium, alkyl vinyl pyrrolidone salts.

Other suitable cationic polymers for use in the composition include copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salts (e.g., hydrochloride salt) (referred to in the industry as polyquaternium-16 by Cosmetic, toiletty, and Fragrance Association "CTFA"); copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (known in the industry as polyquaternium-11 by CTFA); cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer, copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (referred to in the industry by CTFA as polyquaternium 6 and polyquaternium 7, respectively); amphoteric copolymers of acrylic acid, including copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (referred to in the industry by CTFA as polyquaternium 22), terpolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide (referred to in the industry by CTFA as polyquaternium 39), and terpolymers of acrylic acid with methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and methacrylate (referred to in the industry by CTFA as polyquaternium 47). Preferred cationically substituted monomers are cationically substituted dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamides, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamides, and combinations thereof. These preferred monomers correspond to the formula

Wherein R is¹Is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; each R²、R³And R⁴Each hydrogen or a short chain of from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 1 to about 2 carbon atomsA chain alkyl group; n is an integer having a value of from about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 1 to about 4; and X is a counterion. Is connected to R²、R³And R⁴The nitrogen above may be a protonated amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), but is preferably a quaternary amine, wherein each R is²、R³And R⁴Is an alkyl group, a non-limiting example of which is polyisobutylene amido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride available under the trade name Polycare 133 from Rhone-Poulenc, Cranberry, n.j., u.s.a. Also preferred are copolymers of the above cationic monomers with nonionic monomers such that the total copolymer has a charge density of from about 2.0meq/g to about 4.5 meq/g.

Other cationic polymers suitable for use in the composition include polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives and cationic starch derivatives. Suitable cationic polysaccharide polymers include those that conform to the following formula

Wherein A is an anhydroglucose residue, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residue; r is an alkylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group or combination thereof; r1, R2, and R3 are independently alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms per cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of the carbon atoms in R1, R2, and R3) is preferably about 20 or less; and X is an anionic counterion as described above.

Preferred cationic cellulose polymers are salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethylammonium salt substituted epoxides, see the art (CTFA) polyquaternium 10, and polymers from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, n.j., USA) in the polymer lr, JR and KG series. Other suitable types of cationic cellulose include polyquaterniums produced by reacting hydroxyethyl cellulose with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxides, known in the industry (CTFA) as polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Amerchol Corp, under the trade name Polymer LM-200.

Other suitable cationic polymers include cationic guar gum derivatives such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, specific examples of which include the Jaguar series from Rhone-Poulenc Incorporated and the N-Hance series from Aqualon Division from Hercules, Inc. Other suitable cationic polymers include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers, some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,418. Other suitable cationic polymers include copolymers of etherified cellulose, guar and starch, some examples of which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,958,581. When used, the cationic polymers herein are soluble in the composition or in the complex coacervate phase of the composition. The coacervate phase is formed from the cationic polymer described herein above and an anionic detersive surfactant, an amphoteric detersive surfactant and/or a zwitterionic detersive surfactant component. Complex coacervates of the cationic polymer can also form with other charged species in the composition.

Techniques for analyzing complex coacervate formation processes are known in the art. For example, microscopic analysis of the composition can be used at any selected dilution stage to determine whether a coacervate phase has formed. This coacervate phase will be identified as an additional emulsified phase in the composition. The use of dyes can help to distinguish the coacervate phase from other insoluble phases dispersed in the composition.

2.Dispersed particles

The compositions of the present invention may include dispersed particles. The particles used in the present invention may be originally inorganic, synthetic or semi-synthetic. If present in the compositions of the present invention, the dispersed particles are incorporated in an amount of from about 0.025% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, even more preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, and still more preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight of the composition.

3.Nonionic polymers

Polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight greater than about 1000 are useful in the present invention. Useful are those having the general formula:

wherein R is⁹⁵Selected from the group consisting of H, methyl and mixtures thereof. The polyethylene glycol polymer useful in the present invention is PEG-2M (also known as Polyox WSR)N-10 available as PEG-2,000 from Union Carbide), PEG-5M (also known as Polyox WSR)N-35 and Polyox WSRN-80 available as PEG-5,000 and polyethylene glycol 300,000 from Union Carbide), PEG-7M (also known as Polyox WSR)N-750 from Union Carbide), PEG-9M (also known as Polyox WSR)N-3333 from Union Carbide) and PEG-14M (also known as WSR)N-3000 from Union Carbide).

4.Conditioning agent

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise one or more conditioning agents. Conditioning agents include materials used to provide specific conditioning benefits to hair and/or skin. Conditioning agents for use in the compositions of the present invention typically comprise a water-insoluble, water-dispersible, non-volatile liquid that forms emulsified liquid particles. Conditioning agents suitable for use in the compositions are those typically characterized as silicones (e.g., silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), organic conditioning oils (e.g., hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, and fatty esters), or combinations thereof, or those conditioning agents that otherwise form liquid dispersible particles in an aqueous surfactant base.

Typically, the one or more conditioning agents are present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 4%, by weight of the composition.

The conditioning agent may be present in the dispersed gel network phase or may be added as a separate component to the final shampoo composition.

a.Siloxanes

The conditioning agent in the compositions of the present invention may be a water insoluble silicone conditioning agent. The silicone conditioning agent can comprise a volatile silicone, a non-volatile silicone, or a combination thereof. The silicone conditioning agent particles may comprise a silicone fluid conditioning agent and may also comprise other ingredients such as silicone resins to improve silicone fluid deposition efficacy or enhance hair shine.

Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents and optional suspending agents for the silicone are described in U.S. reissue patent 34,584, U.S. patent 5,104,646 and U.S. patent 5,106,609. The silicone conditioning agents used in the compositions of the present invention preferably have a viscosity of about 2E-5m when measured at 25 deg.C²S (20csk) to about 2m²Per s (2,000,000 centistokes ("csk")), more preferably about 0.001m²(1,000csk) to about 1.8m²S (1,800,000csk), even more preferably about 0.01m²(10,000csk) to about 1.5m²S (1,500,000csk), more preferably about 0.02m²(20,000csk) to about 1m²/s(1,000,000csk)。

In one embodiment of the opaque composition of the present invention, the personal care composition comprises a non-volatile silicone oil having a particle size of from about 1 μm to about 50 μm as measured in the personal care composition. In one embodiment of the present invention, where small particles are applied to the hair, the personal care composition comprises a non-volatile silicone oil having a particle size of from about 100nm to about 1 μm, as measured in the personal care composition. One substantially clear composition embodiment of the present invention comprises a non-volatile silicone oil having a particle size of less than about 100nm as measured in the personal care composition.

Background information on silicones, including discussion of silicone fluids, gums and resins, and silicone manufacture, can be found in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol.15, second edition, p.204 to 308, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989).

Silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. patent No. 2,826,551, U.S. patent No. 3,964,500, U.S. patent No. 4,364,837, british patent No. 849,433, and "silicone compounds" (pettrace Systems, inc., 1984).

i.Silicone oil

The silicone fluid comprises a silicone oil which is a flowable silicone material having a viscosity of less than 1m when measured at 25 ℃²S (1,000,000csk), preferably about 5E-6m²S (5csk) to about 1m²/s (1,000,000csk), more preferably about 0.0001m²S (100csk) to about 0.6m²S (600,000 csk). Suitable silicone oils for use in the compositions of the present invention include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble, non-volatile silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties may also be used.

The silicone oil comprises a polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxane corresponding to the following formula (I):

wherein R is an aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl group, R may be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable R groups for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to: alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, aralkyl, arylalkenyl, alkylamino, and ether-substituted, hydroxy-substituted, and halogen-substituted aliphatic and aryl groups. Suitable R groups also include cationic amines and quaternary ammonium groups.

Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C₁To C₅More preferably C₁To C₄More preferably C₁To C₂Alkyl and alkenyl groups of (a). Other aliphatic moieties containing alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups (e.g., alkoxy, alkaryl and alkylamino) may be straight or branched chain, and are preferably C₁To C₅More preferably C₁To C₄Even more preferably C₁To C₃More preferably C₁To C₂. As discussed above, the R substituent may also contain amino functionality (e.g., alkylamino), which may be primary, secondary or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di-and trialkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, with the aliphatic moiety chain length preferably as described herein.

ii.Amino and cationic siloxanes

Amino and/or cationic silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those conforming to the general formula (II):

(R₁)_aG_3-a-Si-(-OSiG₂)_n-(-OSiG_b(R₁)_2-b)_m-O-SiG_3-a(R₁)_a

wherein G is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy or C₁-C₈Alkyl, preferably methyl; a is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 3, preferably0; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from 0 to 1,999, preferably from 49 to 499; m is an integer from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 1 to 10; the sum of n and m is a number from 1 to 2,000, preferably from 50 to 500; r₁To conform to the general formula CqH_2qA monovalent group of L, wherein q is an integer having a value of 2 to 8, and L is selected from the group consisting of:

-N(R₂)CH₂-CH₂-N(R₂)₂

-N(R₂)₂

-N(R₂)₃A^-

-N(R₂)CH₂-CH₂-NR₂H₂A^-

wherein R is₂Is hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl or a saturated hydrocarbon radical, preferably about C₁To about C₂₀And A is alkyl of^-Is a halide ion.

Particularly preferred aminosilicones according to formula (II) are the polymers known as "trimethylsilylaminopolydimethylsiloxanes" which are represented by the following formula (III):

other silicone cationic polymers useful in the compositions of the present invention are represented by the general formula (IV):

wherein R is³Is C₁To C₁₈Monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, preferably alkyl radicalsOr alkenyl, such as methyl; r₄Is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably C₁To C₁₈Alkylene or C₁₀To C₁₈Alkyleneoxy, more preferably C₁To C₈An alkyleneoxy group; q^-Is a halide, preferably chloride; r is an average statistical value of 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8; s is an average statistical value of 20 to 200, preferably 20 to 50. A preferred such polymer is known as UCARE SILICONE ALE 56^TMAvailable from Union Carbide.

iii.Pure silicon rubber

Other silicone fluids suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are water insoluble silicone gums. These gums are polyorganosiloxane substances having a viscosity, measured at 25 ℃, of greater than or equal to 1m²S (1,000,000 csk). Silicone gums are described in U.S. Pat. nos. 4,152,416; "Chemistry and Technology of Silicones" by Noll and Walter (New York: academic Press, 1968); and "General Electric silicon Rubber Product Data Sheets" SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76. Specific non-limiting examples of silicone gums that can be used in the compositions of the present invention include polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, poly (dimethylsiloxane) (diphenylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, and mixtures thereof.

iv.High refractive index siloxanes

Other non-volatile, insoluble silicone liquid conditioning agents suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are those known as "high refractive index silicones" which have a refractive index of at least about 1.46, preferably at least about 1.48, more preferably at least about 1.52, more preferably at least about 1.55. The refractive index of the polysiloxane fluids is generally less than about 1.70, typically less than about 1.60. In this context, polysiloxane "fluid" includes oils and gums.

The high refractive index polysiloxane liquid includes those represented by the above general formula (I), and cyclic polysiloxanes such as those represented by the following formula (V):

wherein R is as defined above for formula (I) and n is a number from about 3 to about 7, preferably from about 3 to about 5.

The high refractive index polysiloxane fluid comprises aryl-containing R substituents in an amount sufficient to increase the refractive index to the desired level as described herein. In addition, R and n must be selected so that the material is non-volatile.

Substituents containing aryl groups include those containing five-and six-membered aromatic rings including alicyclic and heterocyclic rings and those containing fused five-or six-membered rings. The aryl ring itself may be substituted or unsubstituted.

Typically, the high refractive index polysiloxane fluids will have a degree of aryl-containing substituents of at least about 15%, preferably at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 25%, even more preferably at least about 35%, more preferably at least about 50%. Typically, the degree of aryl substitution will be less than about 90%, more typically less than about 85%, preferably from about 55% to about 80%.

Preferred high refractive index polysiloxane fluids have phenyl or phenyl derived substituents (more preferably phenyl) and alkyl substituents, preferably C₁-C₄Alkyl (more preferably methyl), hydroxy, or C₁-C₄Alkylamino (especially-R)¹NHR₂NH2, wherein each R¹And R²Independently is C₁-C₃Alkyl, alkenyl, and/or alkoxy).

When high refractive index silicones are used in the compositions of the present invention, they are preferably used in solution with a spreading agent, such as a silicone resin or surfactant, to sufficiently reduce surface tension, enhance spreading, and thereby enhance the shine (after drying) of hair treated with the composition.

v.Siloxane resins

Silicone resins may be included in the silicone conditioning agents of the compositions of the present invention. These resins are highly crosslinked polymeric siloxane systems. Crosslinking is introduced during the manufacture of the silicone resin by blending trifunctional and tetrafunctional silanes with monofunctional or difunctional or both (monofunctional and difunctional) silanes.

In particular, the silicone materials and silicone resins may be conveniently identified according to a shorthand nomenclature system known to those skilled in the art as the "MDTQ" nomenclature. Under this system, the siloxane is described in terms of the various siloxane monomer units present that make up the siloxane. Briefly, the symbol M represents a functional unit (CH)₃)₃SiO_0.5(ii) a D represents a difunctional unit (CH)₃)₂SiO; t represents a trifunctional unit (CH)₃)SiO_1.5(ii) a And Q represents a quaternary or tetrafunctional unit SiO₂. The base unit symbols (e.g., M ', D', T ', and Q') represent substituents other than methyl, and must be specifically defined at each occurrence.

Preferred silicone resins for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, MQ, MT, MTQ, MDT, and MDTQ resins. Methyl is a preferred siloxane substituent. A particularly preferred silicone resin is an MQ resin, wherein the ratio of M: Q is from about 0.5: 1.0 to about 1.5: 1.0, and the average molecular weight of the silicone resin is from about 1000 to about 10,000.

When used, the weight ratio of nonvolatile silicone fluid having a refractive index of less than 1.46 to silicone resin component is preferably from about 4: 1 to about 400: 1, more preferably from about 9: 1 to about 200: 1, more preferably from about 19: 1 to about 100: 1, especially when the silicone fluid component is a polydimethylsiloxane fluid or a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane fluid and polydimethylsiloxane gum as described herein. As long as the silicone resin herein forms part of the same phase in the composition as the silicone fluid, i.e. the conditioning active, the sum of the fluid and resin should be included in the determination of the silicone conditioning agent in the composition.

b.Organic conditioning oil

The conditioning component of the compositions of the present invention may also comprise from about 0.05% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.08% to about 1.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight of the composition, of at least one organic conditioning oil as a conditioning agent, which may be used alone or in combination with other conditioning agents such as the silicones described above.

i.Hydrocarbon oil

Organic conditioning oils suitable for use as the conditioning agent in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils having at least about 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons, straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), including polymers and mixtures thereof. The linear hydrocarbon oil is preferably about C₁₂To about C₁₉. Branched hydrocarbon oils (including hydrocarbon polymers) will typically contain more than 19 carbon atoms.

Specific non-limiting examples of these hydrocarbon oils include paraffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, polybutene, polydecene, and mixtures thereof. Branched chain isomers of these compounds, as well as higher chain length hydrocarbons, may also be used, examples of which include highly branched, saturated or unsaturated alkanes, such as all-methyl substituted isomers, for example, all-methyl substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane, such as 2, 2,4, 4,6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2,4, 4,6, 6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane, available from Permethyl Corporation. Hydrocarbon polymers such as polybutene and polydecene. Preferred hydrocarbon polymers are polybutenes, such as copolymers of isobutylene and butene. A commercially available material of this type is L-14 polybutene, available from Amoco chemical corporation.

ii.Polyolefins

The organic conditioning oils useful in the compositions of the present invention may also comprise liquid polyolefins, more preferably liquid poly-alpha-olefins, more preferably hydrogenated liquid poly-alpha-olefins. Polyolefins useful herein are illustrated by C₄To about C₁₄Preferably about C₆To about C₁₂By polymerization of an olefin monomer.

Non-limiting examples of olefin monomers useful in preparing the polyolefin liquids herein include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof. Also suitable for preparing polyolefin liquids are refinery feedstocks or effluents comprising olefins. Preferred hydrogenated alpha-olefin monomers include, but are not limited to: 1-hexene to 1-hexadecene, 1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.

iii.Aliphatic esters

Other organic conditioning oils suitable for use as conditioning agents in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, fatty esters having at least 10 carbon atoms. These aliphatic esters include esters with hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g., monoesters, polyol esters, and di-and tri-carboxylic acid esters). The hydrocarbyl groups in the aliphatic esters herein may include or have covalently bonded thereto other compatible functional groups such as amide and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.).

Specific examples of preferred aliphatic esters include, but are not limited to: isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, cetyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.

Other aliphatic esters suitable for use in the composition of the present invention are monocarboxylic acid esters having the general formula R ' COOR, wherein R ' and R are alkyl or alkenyl groups and the total number of carbon atoms in R ' and R is at least 10, preferably at least 22.

Other aliphatic esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are di-and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. C₄To C₈Dicarboxylic acid esters (e.g. C of succinic, glutaric and adipic acids)₁To C₂₂Esters of (5), preferably C₁To C₆Esters of (ii). Specific non-limiting examples of di-and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate, and tristearyl citrate.

Other aliphatic esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are those known as polyol esters. Such polyol esters include alkylene glycol esters such as ethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol monooleate, polypropylene glycol 2000 monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, glycerol mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polyglycerol poly-fatty acid esters, ethoxylated glycerol mono-stearate, 1, 3-butylene glycol monostearate, 1, 3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters.

Other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are glycerides, including but not limited to mono-, di-and triglycerides, preferably di-and triglycerides, more preferably triglycerides. For use in the compositions described herein, the glycerides are preferably glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids such as C₁₀To C₂₂Mono-, di-and tri-esters of carboxylic acids. From vegetable and animal fats and oils, e.g. castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, cornRice oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, lanolin, and soybean oil may be used to obtain a variety of such materials. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, glycerol trioleate and glycerol tristearate, glycerol dilaurate.

Other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are water insoluble synthetic fatty esters. Some preferred synthetic esters conform to the general formula (VI):

wherein R is¹Is C₇To C₉Alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl, preferably saturated alkyl, more preferably saturated straight-chain alkyl; n is a positive integer having a value of 2 to 4, preferably 3; and Y is an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 3 to about 14 carbon atoms. Other preferred synthetic esters correspond to the general formula (VII):

wherein R is²Is C₈To C₁₀Alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl of (a); preferably saturated alkyl, more preferably saturated straight-chain alkyl; n and Y are as defined above for formula (VII).

Specific non-limiting examples of synthetic aliphatic esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include: p-43 (C of trimethylolpropane)₈-C₁₀Triester of (b), MCP-684 (tetraester of 3, 3-diethanol-1, 5-pentanediol), MCP 121 (C of adipic acid)₈-C₁₀Diester of (c), all of which are available from Mobil chemical company.

c.Other Conditioning Agents

Also suitable for use in the compositions herein are the conditioning agents described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,674,478, 5,750,122, 4,529,586, 4,507,280, 4,663,158, 4,197,865, 4,217,914, 4,381,919 and 4,422,853.

5.Anti-dandruff active

The compositions of the present invention may also comprise an anti-dandruff active. Suitable non-limiting examples of anti-dandruff actives include pyrithione salts, azoles, selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, keratolytic agents, and mixtures thereof. The anti-dandruff actives described above should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the composition and not unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.

Pyrithione antimicrobial and antidandruff agents are described, for example, in U.S. patent 2,809,971; us patent 3,236,733; us patent 3,753,196; us patent 3,761,418; us patent 4,345,080; us patent 4,323,683; us patent 4,379,753; and in us patent 4,470,982.

Azole antimicrobials include imidazoles such as climbazole and ketoconazole.

Selenium sulfide compounds are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,668, U.S. Pat. No. 3,152,046, U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,945, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,107.

Sulfur may also be used as a particulate antimicrobial/antidandruff agent in the antimicrobial compositions of the present invention.

The present invention may also comprise one or more keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid.

Additional antimicrobial actives of the present invention may include Melaleuca extract (Melaleuca alternifolia) and charcoal.

When present in the composition, the anti-dandruff active is present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, and more preferably from about 0.3% to about 2%, by weight of the composition.

6.Wetting agent

The compositions of the present invention may comprise a humectant. The wetting agent of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of polyols, water-soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the wetting agent is preferably present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.

Polyols useful in the present invention include glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose, 1, 2-hexanediol, hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, erythritol, trehalose, diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium adenosine phosphate, sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine, cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.

Water-soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers useful in the present invention include polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weight equal to about 1000, such as those having the CTFA designation PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.

7.Suspending agent

The compositions of the present invention may also contain a suspending agent in a concentration effective for suspending the water-insoluble material in the composition in dispersed form, or for adjusting the viscosity of the composition. Such concentrations range from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 5.0%, by weight of the composition.

Suspending agents useful in the present invention include anionic polymers and nonionic polymers. Useful herein are vinyl polymers such as crosslinked acrylic polymers having the CTFA name carbomer; cellulose derivatives and modified cellulose polymers, such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, galactan, locust bean gum, guar gum, karaya gum, carrageenan, pectin, agar, quince seed (quince seed), starch (rice, corn, potato, wheat), seaweed gum (algae extract); microbial polymers such as dextran, succinoglucan, pullulan; starch-based polymers such as carboxymethyl starch, methyl hydroxypropyl starch; alginic acid-based polymers such as sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate; acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, polyethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine; and inorganic water-soluble substances such as bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, laponite, hectorite and anhydrous silicic acid.

Commercially available viscosity modifiers that are highly useful herein include carbomers available from b.f. goodrich Company under the tradenames Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 950, Carbopol 980 and Carbopol 981, acrylate/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymers available from Rohm and Hass under the tradename ACRYSOL 22, nonoxyethyl cellulose available from Amerchol under the tradename amel HM-1500, methyl cellulose available from Hercules under the trade name BENECEL, hydroxyethyl cellulose available from NATROSOL under the trade name hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose available from KLUCEL under the trade name POLYSURF 67, cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose available from Amerchol under the trade name carbowax, polysorx srws and UCON fluds.

Other optional suspending agents include crystalline suspending agents which may be classified as acyl derivatives, long chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. These suspending agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855. These preferred suspending agents include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids preferably having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. More preferably ethylene glycol stearate, mono-and distearate are preferred, but distearate containing less than about 7% mono-stearate is especially preferred. Other suitable suspending agents include fatty acid alkanolamides preferably having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 16 to 18 carbon atoms, preferred examples of which include stearyl monoethanolamine, stearyl diethanolamine, stearyl monoisopropanolamine, and stearyl monoethanolamine stearate. Other long chain acyl derivatives include long chain esters of long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, etc.); long chain esters of long chain alkanolamides (e.g., stearamide diethanolamide distearate, stearamide monoethanolamide distearate); and glyceryl esters (e.g., glyceryl distearate, glyceryl trihydroxystearate, behenyl), commercially available as example Thixin R from Rheox, inc. In addition to the preferred materials listed above, long chain acyl derivatives, ethylene glycol esters of long chain carboxylic acids, long chain amine oxides, and alkanolamides of long chain carboxylic acids may also be used as suspending agents.

Other long chain acyl derivatives suitable for use as suspending agents include N, N-dihydrocarbylaminobenzoic acids and soluble salts thereof (e.g., Na, K), especially N, N-bis (hydrogenated) c.sub.16, c.sub.18, and tallow amidobenzoic acids of this family, which are commercially available from Stepan Company (Northfield, il., USA).

Examples of long chain amine oxides suitable for use as suspending agents include alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, for example stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.

Other suitable suspending agents include primary amines having a fatty alkyl moiety of at least about 16 carbon atoms, examples of which include palmitylamine or octadecylamine; and secondary amines having two fatty alkyl moieties each containing at least about 12 carbon atoms, examples of which include dipalmitylamine or di (hydrogenated tallow) amine. Other suitable suspending agents also include di (hydrogenated tallow) phthalic acid amide and crosslinked maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymers.

8.Other optional Components

The compositions of the present invention may comprise other optional components. Optional components may be present in the dispersed gel network phase or may be added as separate components to the final shampoo composition.

For example, the compositions of the present invention may contain water soluble and water insoluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, panthenyl ethyl ether, panthenol, biotin and its derivatives, and vitamin A, D, E, and derivatives thereof. The compositions of the present invention may also contain water soluble and water insoluble amino acids such as asparagine, alanine, indole, glutamic acid and salts thereof, and tyrosine, tryptamine, lysine, histidine, and salts thereof. The compositions of the present invention may also comprise substances for preventing hair loss and hair growth stimulants or hair growth stimulants.

The composition of the invention may also comprise a material selected from the group consisting of: sugar amines (e.g., N-acetyl glucosamine), vitamin B3 compounds, sodium dehydroacetate, dehydroacetic acid and its salts, phytosterols, soy derivatives (e.g., equol and other isoflavones), niacinamide, phytantriol, farnesol, bisabolol, salicylic acid compounds, hexamidine, dialkanoyl hydroxyproline compounds, flavonoids, N-acyl amino acid compounds, retinoids (e.g., retinyl propionate), water-soluble vitamins, ascorbate salts (e.g., vitamin C, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbyl palmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate), sunscreen actives, cellulite, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.

Any other suitable optional components may also be included in the compositions of the present invention, such as those ingredients typically used in a given product type. "CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook", tenth edition (2004) (published by Cosmetic, Toiletry, and france Association, inc., Washington, d.c.) describes a variety of non-limiting substances that may be added to the compositions herein. Examples of such ingredient classes include, but are not limited to: abrasives, absorbents, aesthetic components (such as fragrances and perfumes, pigments, colorants/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, and the like (e.g., clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate)), anti-acne agents, anti-caking agents, anti-foaming agents, antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antibacterial agents, fungicides, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic bactericides, denaturants, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers or film forming materials (e.g., polymers that contribute to the film forming properties and substantivity of the composition (e.g., copolymers of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone)), opacifiers, pH adjusters, plant derivatives, colorants, cosmetic agents, and the like, Plant extracts, plant tissue extracts, plant seed extracts, plant oils, herbs, herb extracts, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, sebum control agents, chelating agents, skin whitening and lightening agents (e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid, ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucoside, pyridoxine), enzymes, coenzymes, skin conditioning agents (e.g., humectants and occlusive agents), skin soothing and/or healing agents and derivatives (e.g., panthenol and derivatives, such as ethyl panthenol, aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, allantoin, bisabolol, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate), skin treating agents (e.g., vitamin D compounds, monoterpene compounds, diterpene compounds and triterpenes, beta-subanoline antioxidant additives, cedrol), thickening agents (including mono or divalent salts, such as sodium chloride), and vitamins, their derivatives, and combinations thereof.

E.Method for preparing shampoo composition

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of making a shampoo composition of the present invention. A method of making a shampoo composition comprises: (a) mixing the fatty amphiphile, the secondary surfactant, and water at a temperature sufficient to partition the secondary surfactant and water into the fatty amphiphile to form a premix; (b) cooling the premix below the chain melting temperature of the fatty amphiphile to form a gel network; (c) the gel network is added to one or more detersive surfactants and an aqueous carrier to form a shampoo composition.

As noted above, in one embodiment of the present invention, the gel network components are prepared as a separate premix which, after cooling, is then mixed with the other components of the shampoo composition. More specifically, the gel network components of the present invention may be prepared by heating the fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant and water to a temperature in the range of about 75 ℃ to about 90 ℃ and mixing. The mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 27 ℃ to about 35 ℃, for example, by passing the mixture through a heat exchanger. The result of this cooling step is that the fatty amphiphile and the secondary surfactant crystallize to form a crystalline gel network.

An alternative method of preparing the gel network components involves ultrasonicating and/or milling the fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant and water whilst heating the components to reduce the particle size of the molten fatty amphiphile phase. This results in an increase in the surface area of the fatty amphiphile phase which causes the second surfactant and water to swell the fatty amphiphile phase. Another suitable variation for preparing the gel network involves first heating and mixing the fatty amphiphile and the second surfactant, and then adding the mixture to water.

F.Application method

The compositions of the present invention are used in a conventional manner to cleanse and condition hair or skin, including the scalp, face and body. Generally, the method of treating hair or skin of the present invention comprises applying the composition of the present invention to hair or skin. More specifically, an effective amount of the personal care composition is applied to hair or skin that has preferably been wetted with water, and the personal care composition is rinsed off. The effective amount generally ranges from about 1g to about 50g, preferably from about 1g to about 20 g. Application to hair typically involves applying the composition to the entire hair such that most or all of the hair is contacted with the composition.

The method for treating hair or skin comprises the steps of: (a) wetting the hair or skin with water; (b) applying an effective amount of a shampoo composition to hair or skin; and (c) rinsing the applied area of skin or hair with water. These steps can be repeated as many times as desired to achieve the desired cleansing and conditioning benefits.

In one embodiment, the shampoo compositions of the present invention are advantageously used to treat damaged hair. Damaged hair may include hair selected from the group consisting of permed hair, oxidatively colored hair, and mechanically damaged hair.

In another embodiment, the shampoo composition is used to treat skin, such as the scalp, face, and body.

The personal care compositions of this invention may be used as liquids, solids, semisolids, flakes, gels, placed in pressurized containers with a propellant, or used in pump spray form. The viscosity of the product is selected to suit the desired form.

Non-limiting examples

The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the shampoo compositions of the present invention, but are not intended to be limiting thereof. Other variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. These exemplary embodiments of the shampoo compositions of the present invention provide enhanced conditioning benefits to the hair.

The shampoo compositions illustrated in the following examples are prepared by conventional formulation and mixing methods, one example of which is described below. Unless otherwise indicated, all exemplified amounts are listed in weight percent, except minor ingredients such as diluents, preservatives, colored solutions, hypothetical ingredients, botanical drugs, and the like. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Preparation of gel network premix

To prepare the gel network premix, about 20% water is heated to about 74 ℃, and a fatty amphiphile and a secondary surfactant (e.g., behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (Varisoft BT-85) or sodium laureth sulfate) are added thereto. After the addition, the mixture was passed through a mill and heat exchanger where it was cooled to about 35 ℃. The result of this cooling step is that the fatty amphiphile, secondary surfactant and water form a crystalline gel network.

For mixtures of different fatty amphiphiles, it may be beneficial to premix the fatty amphiphiles prior to incorporation into water. This can be done by: the different fatty amphiphiles are co-melted together and either utilized or cooled to a solid phase and incorporated into hot water along with the second surfactant. Another variation may be to co-melt the one or more fatty amphiphiles and the second surfactant prior to incorporation into the water. Certain gel network compositions having a chain melting temperature between about 27 ℃ to about 35 ℃ will need to be cooled below 27 ℃ to ensure that the lamellar phase structure is frozen.

Gel network premix examples 1 to 70

The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of the gel network premix prior to combining with the detersive surfactant and other components of the final shampoo compositions of the present invention. It is intended that each of the following examples of gel network premixes can be incorporated as a dispersed phase into a shampoo composition according to the present invention.

Composition (I)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Water (W)

88.55％

Docosanoylaminopropyldimethylamine, Incromine BB (2)

8.58％

Glycerol distearate (1)

8.58％

Hydroxystearic acid glyceride (1)

8.58％

Palmitic acid glyceride (1)

8.58％

Glyceryl stearate, Glycerylstearate Pure (1)

8.58％

Oleamide, CroadmideVRX Bead(2)

8.58％

Palmitic acid (3)

8.58％

Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Varisoft BT-85(4)

2.84％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Water (W)

88.55％

PEG-2 stearate (1)

8.58％

PEG-5 glyceryl stearate (1)

8.58％

PEG-6 stearate (1)

8.58％

SEFA stearate, Sefose-1618H (3)

8.58％

Sorbitan palmitate (1)

8.58％

Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3NF (2)

8.58％

Sorbitan stearate (1)

8.58％

Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Varisoft BT-85(4)

2.84％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Water (W)

88.55％

Palmitic acid glyceride (1)

4.29％

Glyceryl stearate, Glycerylstearate Pure (1)

4.29％

Sorbitan tristearate (1)

8.58％

Stearamide MEA-stearate (1)

8.58％

Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2, Volpo S-2(2)

8.58％

6.44％

Stearic acid, V-1890(3)

8.58％

2.14％

Sucrose distearate, Crodesta F-10(2)

8.58％

Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Varisoft BT-85(4)

2.84％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Water (W)

82.75％

Docosanoylaminopropyldimethylamine, Incromine BB (2)

8.58％

Glycerol distearate (1)

8.58％

Hydroxystearic acid glyceride (1)

8.58％

Palmitic acid glyceride (1)

8.58％

Glyceryl stearate, Glycerylstearate Pure (1)

8.58％

Oleamide, CrodamideVRX Bead (2)

8.58％

Palmitic acid, V-1695(3)

8.58％

Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% active substance)

8.64％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Water (W)

82.75％

PEG-2 stearate (1)

8.58％

PEG-5 glyceryl stearate (1)

8.58％

PEG-6 stearate (1)

8.58％

SEFA stearate, Sefose-1618H (3)

8.58％

Sorbitan palmitate (1)

8.58％

Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3NF (2)

8.58％

Sorbitan stearate (1)

8.58％

Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% active substance)

8.64％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

Water (W)

82.75％

86.14％

82.75％

Cetyl alcohol

3.46％

Cocoamide oxide

4.30％

Glycerol distearate (1)

4.30％

Sorbitan tristearate (1)

8.58％

Stearyl alcohol

6.44％

Stearamide MEA-stearate (1)

8.58％

Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2, Volpa S-2(2)

8.58％

Stearic acid, V-1890(3)

4.28％

Sucrose distearate, Crodesta F-10(2)

8.58％

4.28％

Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% active substance)

8.64％

3.93％

8.64％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

Water (W)

88.78％

Docosanoylaminopropyldimethylamine, Incromine BB (2)

9.90％

Glycerol distearate (1)

9.90％

Hydroxystearic acid glyceride (1)

9.90％

Glyceryl stearate, Glycerylstearate Pure (1)

9.90％

PEG-2 stearate (1)

9.90％

PEG-6 stearate (1)

9.90％

Sorbitan stearate, Crill 3NF (2)

9.90％

Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Varisoft BT-85(2)

1.29％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

Water (W)

88.78％

88.55％

88.78％

Glycerol distearate (1)

4.95％

Stearyl alcohol

5.57％

2.48％

3.21％

Cetyl alcohol

3.00％

2.47％

1.74％

Hydroxystearic acid glyceride (1)

4.95％

PEG-2 stearate (1)

4.95％

Stearamide MEA-stearate (1)

9.90％

Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2, Volpo S-2(2)

4.95％

Stearic acid, V-1890(3)

4.95％

Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Varisoft BT-85(2)

1.29％

2.85％

1.29％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

Water (W)

86.14％

Glycerol distearate (1)

9.90％

4.950％

Hard fatGlycerol oleate, Glycyrylstarate Pure (1)

9.90％

4.950％

PEG-2 stearate (1)

9.90％

4.950％

Stearyl polyoxyethylene ether-2, Volpo S-2(2)

9.90％

4.95％

Stearic acid, V-1890(3)

4.95％

Sodium laureth-3 sulfate (28% active substance)

3.93％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

Composition (I)

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

Water (W)

87.13％

82.13％

77.13％

72.13％

67.13％

77.13％

Cetyl alcohol

3.50％

5.25％

7.00％

8.75％

10.50％

7.00％

Palmitic acid glyceride (1)

6.50％

Oleyl alcohol

1.00％

Sorbitan stearate (1)

6.50％

Stearyl alcohol

6.50％

9.75％

13.00％

16.25％

19.50％

5.50％

6.50％

Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Varisoft BT-85(4)

2.84％

5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG

0.03％

(1) From A & E Connock

(2) From Croda Chemicals

(3) From P & G Chemicals

(4) From Goldschmidt Chemical

Preparation of final shampoo composition

To prepare the final shampoo composition, a surfactant solution premix is first formed. To prepare the surfactant solution premix, about 6% to about 9% of sodium laureth-3 sulfate or ammonium laureth-3 sulfate, cationic polymer, and about 0% to about 5% of water are added to a jacketed mixing tank with agitation and heated to about 74 ℃. Citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate were added to the solution in the tank and dispersed. Ethylene Glycol Distearate (EGDS) was then added to the mixing vessel and melted. After the EGDS is completely dispersed (e.g., after about 10 minutes), the preservative is added and mixed into the surfactant solution. This mixture is passed through a mill and a heat exchanger where it is cooled to about 35 ℃ and then collected in a finishing tank. As a result of this cooling step, the EGDS crystallizes to form a waxy crystalline suspension. The mixture of these components is a surfactant solution premix.

Next, the surfactant solution premix and the gel network premix prepared as described above were mixed together. The remaining surfactant, fragrance, polydimethylsiloxane, sodium chloride or ammonium xylene sulfonate for viscosity adjustment, and the remaining water were added with sufficient stirring to ensure a homogeneous mixture. The mixture is a final shampoo composition comprising a gel network premix as the dispersed phase.

The preferred viscosity of the final shampoo composition according to the present invention ranges from about 5pa.s (5000CP) to about 15pa.s (15,000 CPs) when measured with a Wells-Brookfield type RVTDCP viscometer at 27 ℃ (using a CP-41 cone, and the plate is 2/s at 3 minutes).

The pH may be adjusted as necessary to provide a shampoo composition of the invention suitable for application to human hair, and may vary based on the selection of the particular detersive surfactant, fatty amphiphile, and/or other components.

Shampoo examples 1 to 20

The following examples illustrate specific embodiments of final shampoo compositions of the present invention, each comprising the exemplary gel network premix selected above as the dispersed phase.

Composition (I)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
											Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	7.65
Sodium lauryl sulfate	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.35
											Cocoamidopropyl betaine	2.00	2.00	2.00	3.00	3.00
Cocoamide MEA									0.60
											Any one of gel networks 1 to 21	27.27	27.27	27.27			27.27	27.27	13.64	6.82	27.27
Gel network 39					27.27
											Gel network 51				27.27
Guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1)	0.40
											Guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(2)		0.40
Guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (3)			0.40					0.20		0.40
											Guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (4)									0.20
Polyquaternium-10 (5)							0.40
											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (6)						0.40
Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (7)				0.40	0.40
											PEG-7M(8)						0.10

Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
											Ethylene glycol distearate	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005
											Sodium benzoate	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
											Perfume	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70
Citric acid/sodium citrate dihydrate	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value
											Sodium chloride/ammonium xylene sulfonate	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity
Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of

Composition (I)	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
											Sodium lauryl Ether sulfate				10.00	7.65	7.65	7.65			7.65
Sodium lauryl sulfate				1.50	6.35	6.35	6.35			6.35
											Ammonium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate	10.00	6.00	12.00					12.00	10.00
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate	6.00	10.00	2.00					2.00	2.00
											N-lauroylaminoethyl-N-hydroxyethyl sodium acetate			2.00					2.00	2.00
Cocoamidopropyl betaine				2.00					2.00
											Cocoamide MEA								0.60
Any one of gel networks 1 to 21	27.27	27.27	27.27	27.27				27.27	27.27
											Gel networks 64 to 68					27.27	13.64	6.82			27.27
Guar hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (3)					0.40	0.40	0.40
											Polyquaternary ammonium-10 (6)										0.10
PEG-7M(8)
											Polydimethylsiloxane (9)	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00			2.00
Polydimethylsiloxane (10)								2.00	2.00
											Ethylene glycol distearate	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Kathon CG	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005

Sodium benzoate	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
											Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
Perfume	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70
											Citric acid/sodium citrate dihydrate	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value	proper pH value
Sodium chloride/ammonium xylene sulfonate	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity	Proper viscosity
											Water (W)	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of	Proper amount of

(1) Jaguar C17 from Rhodia

(2) N-Hance 3269 (having a molecular weight of-500,000 and a charge density of 0.8meq/g) from Aqulanon/Hercules

(3) ADPP-5043HMW (with molecular weight of-1,200,000 and charge density of 2.0meq/g) from Aqualon/Hercules

(4) ADPP-5043 LMW (with molecular weight of-500,000 and charge density of 2.0meq/g, available from Aqulanon/Hercules)

(5) Polymer JR30M from Amerchol/Dow Chemical

(6) Polymer LR30M from Amerchol/Dow Chemical

(7) Polymer KG30M from Amerchol/Dow Chemical

(8) Peg-7M from Amerchol/Dow Chemical

(9) Viscasil 330M from General Electric Silicones

(10) DC1664 from Dow Corning Silicones

Fatty amphiphile deposition for these products was measured by treating a switch of hair with shampoo for 3 cycles (2 lathering/rinsing steps per cycle, 0.1g shampoo per gram (g) of hair per lathering/rinsing step). Four tufts of hair were treated with each shampoo. The hair switches are then extracted with a solvent and the content of adsorbed fatty amphiphiles is determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry spectrophotometric analysis of the extract.

Analytical methods and examples

Exemplary X-ray analysis data and exemplary differential scanning calorimetry ("DSC") data for several of the above-exemplified compositions are provided below.

^*See differential scanning calorimetry for sample preparation and analysis techniques.

^**See X-ray methods for sample preparation and analysis techniques.

Differential scanning calorimetry

The chain melting temperature of the layers in the gel network comprising one or more fatty amphiphiles (i.e., the melt transition temperature of the gel network) can be obtained using differential scanning calorimetry in accordance with the following method. Using a TA Instruments Q100 DSC, approximately 50mg of the gel network premix or the final shampoo composition comprising the gel network was placed in a stainless steel high volume DSC. The sample is placed in the instrument with an empty reference plate. Samples were analyzed using the following conditions/temperature program: purged with nitrogen and equilibrated at 5.00 ℃ until an isotherm was reached for 2.00 minutes. The temperature was slowly brought to 90.00 ℃ at a rate of 3.00 ℃/min. Each sample was analyzed twice. The resulting DSC data was analyzed using TA instruments Universal Analysis Software.

The measurement of the melt transition temperature of the gel network using DSC was also performed by T.de Vringer et al, "Colloid and Polymer Science", Vol.265, pp.448 to 457 (1987); and H.M.Ribeiro et al, "Intl.J.of Cosmetic Science" Vol.26, pages 47 to 59 (2004).

X-ray analysis method

Small angle X-ray scattering ("SAXS") to account for periodic structures in the mesophase is a fundamental X-ray diffraction technique. It is used in conjunction with conventional wide angle X-ray diffraction ("WXRD") to characterize the structure of aggregates, such as micelles, gel networks, platelets, hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals. The different mesophases showing the periodic structure can be characterized by the relative position (spacing) of their reflection points, which is derived from the Bragg equation (d ═ λ/2Sin θ), where d stands for the plane spacing, λ is the wavelength of the radiation and θ is the scattering (diffraction) angle.

Ratio d of interplanar spacing of one-dimensional lamellar gel network phases through SAXS region (long program)₁/d₁、d₁/d₂、d₁/d₃、d₁/d₄、d₁/d₅(having values of 1: 2: 3: 4: 5, etc.) and WXRD regions (short range) (which are approximately 3.5 and 4.5 in the center of a broad halo background)Surrounding) or two invariant reflection points. Other mesophases (e.g. hexagonal or cubic)Crystalline) will have characteristically different pitch ratios.

The WXRD data was collected in transmission mode in a Stoe STADI-P diffractometer equipped with an image plate position sensor. The sample was placed between two mylars in the sample holder and in the path of the X-ray beam. The IP detector has a fixed angle of about 120 ° 2 θ and records the diffracted X-ray beam simultaneously. Data were collected and analyzed using XPOW software.

SAXS data were collected on a Rigaku rotating anode generator from Bruker-AXS with a fine focal filament equipped with a HI-STAR 2-dimensional area detector. The mechanism has an evacuated chamber containing the sample, coupled with an evacuated tube leading to a detector to reduce air scattering. The sample holder consists of a copper plate with a small rectangular aperture to contain the fluid-like substance and also to let the X-ray beam pass through. The opening over the hole was sealed with a Kapton window to provide a leak free environment under vacuum. This 2-D data is integrated azimuthally and reduced to an intensity vs. scattering vector (q) or its D equivalent by a combination of GADDS software and mechanism internal software modules using known techniques on Igor platforms.

All documents cited in the detailed description of the invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference. The citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this written document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention

Claims

1. A method of making a shampoo composition comprising:

a) from 5% to 50%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of one or more detersive surfactants;

b) a dispersed gel network phase comprising:

i) at least 0.05% by weight of the shampoo composition of one or more fatty amides according to the formula:

wherein R is₁Is C₁₂-C₇₀A long alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, or branched alkyl group; r₂And R₃Each is independently C₁-C₅A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; k and l are each independent numbers such that the sum of (k +1) has a value in the range of 0 to 10; and X and Y are each independently selected from hydrogen; c₁-C₄A carbon chain, which may be branched or hydroxy substituted; morpholine; or C linked by amide, ester or ether linkages₅-C₅₀A carbon chain;

ii) at least 0.01% by weight of the shampoo composition of one or more cationic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, behenyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, behenamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, stearamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, arachidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, tricetyl methyl ammonium chloride, oleoylamidopropyl dimethylamine, linoleamidopropyl dimethylamine, isostearamidopropyl dimethylamine, oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, and mixtures thereof; and

iii) water; and

c) at least 20%, by weight of the shampoo composition, of an aqueous carrier;

wherein the method comprises the steps of:

a) mixing a fatty amide, a cationic surfactant, and water at a temperature sufficient to partition the cationic surfactant and the water into the fatty amide to form a premix;

b) cooling the premix below the chain melting temperature of the fatty amide to form a gel network;

c) adding the gel network to one or more detersive surfactants and an aqueous carrier to form a shampoo composition.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fatty amide is present in a weight ratio of 1: 5 to 100: 1 relative to the cationic surfactant.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fatty amide is present in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 10: 1 relative to the cationic surfactant.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the dispersed gel network phase is present in an amount of from 1% to 60% by weight of the shampoo composition.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising a deposition aid.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the deposition aid is a cationic polymer.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the cationic polymer has a molecular weight of 10,000 to 10,000,000 and a charge density of 0.9meq/g to 7.0 meq/g.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the charge density is from 1.0meq/g to 3.5 meq/g.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a suspending agent.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the suspending agent is a crystalline suspending agent.