HK1115418B - Warp-stretch woven fabrics comprising polyester bicomponent filaments - Google Patents
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Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to woven fabrics, and in particular to woven fabrics comprising polyester bicomponent filaments of polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate oriented in the warp direction of the woven fabric.
Description of the background Art
In general, polyester bicomponent fibers comprising polyethylene terephthalate and trimethylene terephthalate are known. Such fibers are disclosed, for example, in U.S. published patent application No. 2001/0055683. Such fibers have been used in woven fabrics, which are disclosed in U.S. published patent application No.2003/0092339 and Japanese published patent application Nos. JP2002-004145, JP2001-303394, JP11-172545, JP2001-316923, JP2002-180354, and JP 2002-1555449. However, such fabrics may have an unnecessarily high proportion of polyester bicomponent fibers, and fabrics which can use such fibers more efficiently are sought.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a warp-stretch woven fabric of plain, twill or satin (satin) construction. The woven fabric has warp yarns and weft yarns, and about 15% to about 55% by weight of the warp yarns are polyester bicomponent continuous filaments comprising polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate. The polyester bicomponent warp yarns have a preferred post-heat-set crimp contraction value of from about 20% to about 80%.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
It has now been found that warp-stretch woven fabrics having unexpectedly high stretch and recovery properties can be prepared even when containing relatively low levels of certain polyester bicomponent yarns.
As used herein, "polyester bicomponent filament" refers to a continuous filament comprising a pair of polyesters intimately bonded to each other along the length of the filament such that the filament cross-section is, for example, a side-by-side cross-section, an eccentric sheath-core cross-section, or other suitable cross-section from which useful crimp can be generated. "yarn" refers to a plurality of continuous filaments. "sequential picking" refers to a woven structure in which polyester bicomponent filament weft yarns ("first yarns") and ("second") weft yarns are alternately picked in the fabric. "co-insertion" refers to a woven structure in which polyester bicomponent yarns ("first yarns") and ("second") weft yarns are woven as a unit in the same pick. "separately woven" means that the yarns in the finished fabric are separated from each other and are not twisted or twisted together before being woven; herein, "woven separately" does not exclude the weaving of substantially identical filaments concentrated (optionally intertwined) or woven into a common picking structure.
The fabric of the present invention is a warp-stretch woven fabric selected from the group consisting of plain, twill and satin constructions. The warp-stretch woven fabric has weft yarns and warp yarns, wherein from about 15% to about 55% (preferably from about 22% to about 33%) by weight of the warp yarns are polyester bicomponent continuous filaments comprising polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate. Other warp yarns may be, for example, spun staple yarns (spun staple yarns) such as cotton, wool or linen; they may also be one-component polyethylene terephthalate fibers, one-component polypropylene terephthalate fibers, polycaprolactam fibers, polyhexamethylene adipamide fibers, acrylic fibers, modified acrylic fibers (modacrylic fibers), acetate fibers, rayon fibers, and mixtures thereof.
The weft yarns may be the same as or different from the warp yarns. The fabric may be warp-only stretched or it may be biaxially stretched, wherein useful stretch and recovery properties may be exhibited in both the warp and weft directions; such weft stretch may be provided by polyester bicomponent filament yarns, spandex (spandex), melt-spun elastomers, and the like. When the weft yarns comprise polyester bicomponent filament ("first") yarns, they may comprise second yarns (optionally spun staple yarns), for example, in sequential-pick and co-pick constructions.
When no polyester bicomponent filaments are present in the weft (i.e., when polyester bicomponent filaments are present only in the warp), the bicomponent filament yarns may be present in a range of from about 13 to about 28 weight percent (preferably from about 13 to about 19 weight percent) based on total fabric weight.
The polyester bicomponent filaments comprise polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene terephthalate in a weight ratio of about 30/70 to about 70/30 and have a post-heat-set crimp contraction value of from about 20% to about 80%, preferably about 30% to about 60%. Different comonomers may be incorporated into the polyester of the bicomponent filaments in small amounts, provided that these comonomers do not adversely affect the amount of fiber crimp and if the benefits of the present invention are not adversely affected. Examples include linear, cyclic and branched aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms (and their diesters); aromatic dicarboxylic acids (and their esters) having 8 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g., isophthalic acid, 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 5-sodiosulfoisophthalic acid); and linear, cyclic and branched aliphatic diols having 3 to 8 carbon atoms (e.g., 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol and 1, 4-cyclohexanediol). Isophthalic acid, glutaric acid, 5-sodium-sulfoisophthalic acid, adipic acid, 1, 3-propanediol, and 1, 4-butanediol are preferred. Additives, such as titanium dioxide, may also be incorporated into the polyester.
The polyester bicomponent filament yarns comprising the fabric of the present invention have a linear density of from about 70 denier to about 900 denier (78dtex to 1000 dtex).
Preferably, the polyester bicomponent filament yarn is not a combination of bicomponent filaments twisted or entangled with other fibers (e.g., monocomponent fibers or staple fibers). In other words, to avoid the expense of additional steps, to achieve high stretch and recovery properties, and to achieve high fabric surface smoothness (smoothening), the bicomponent filament yarns are preferably woven separately from the other yarns in the fabric.
It is further preferred that less than about 3 weight percent of the resin or similar material be present in or attached to the fabric, as such resin treatment adds expense and the benefits of the present invention can be achieved without incurring such expense. Another benefit of the present invention is that the polyester in the bicomponent filaments does not need to be partially removed from the fabric by chemical means, for example, by applying a chemical treatment such as an overbased solution. While such resins and chemical treatment processes may still be useful with the present invention, applicants believe that the stretch and recovery properties of the woven fabric may be compromised and therefore preferably omit these additional steps.
The fabric of the present invention may be a plain, twill or satin weave construction. Examples of useful twill structures include regular twills (e.g., 2/1, 1/2, 1/3, and 2/2 twills), varied twills (where additional lifts (lifts) are added to the woven pattern), herringbone twills, and pointed twills. Examples of useful satin constructions include 5-end (e.g., 1/5 and 2/5) and 8-end (e.g., 3/8) weaves.
Types of looms that can be used to make the woven fabric of the invention include air jet looms, shuttle looms, water jet looms, rapier looms, and projectile (projectile picking) looms.
Before testing, the fabrics and fibers were conditioned at 21 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and 65%. + -. 2% relative humidity for 16 hours.
The shrinkage value after heat setting was measured by the following method. The two-component polyester filament sample to be used was made into skein (skein) with a total denier of 5000 + -5 (5550dtex) by a hank winder under a tension of about 0.1gpd (0.09 dN/tex). The twisted wire is 70 +/-2(21 ℃ C. + -. 1 ℃ C.) and a relative humidity of 65%. + -. 2% for at least 16 hours. The strands were hung substantially vertically on a stand, a weight of 1.5mg/den (1.35mg/dtex) (e.g., 7.5g for a 5550dtex strand) was hung on the bottom of the strand to bring the load-bearing strand to equilibrium length, the length of the strand was measured (to within 1 mm) and designated "Cb". This 1.35mg/dtex weight was left on the skein for the duration of the test. Then, a 500g weight (100 mg/d; 90mg/dtex) was hung at the bottom of the skein, and the length of the skein (to within 1 mm) was measured and noted as "Lb". Crimp contraction value (in percent) (inBefore heat-setting described later in this test) "CCb"calculated by the formula:
CCb＝100×(Lb-Cb)/Lb。
500g of weight was removed and the skein was then hung on a rack with a weight of 1.35mg/dtex still in place and at about 225(107 ℃) heat set in an oven for 5min, then the stent and skein were removed from the oven and conditioned as described above for two hours. This step was designed to simulate commercial dry heat setting, which is one method of obtaining the final crimp in bicomponent fibers. The length of the skein is measured as described above and its length is denoted "Ca". A500 g weight was again hung on the skein and the skein length was measured as described above and designated "La". Crimp contraction value (%) after Heat-set "CCa"calculated by the formula:
CCa＝100×(La-Ca)/La。
in the examples, unless stated to the contrary, a Dornier rapier loom was used to make plain woven fabrics having 55 picks per inch (22 picks/cm) and 1/3 twill fabrics having 62 picks per inch (24 picks/cm) in the greige goods at 500 picks per minute. Polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene terephthalate yarns ("bicomponent polyester yarns") were 150 denier (167dtex), 34 filament T-400 Elasterelle, available from DuPont textile and IORs; it was 40% by weight of polyethylene terephthalate and 60% by weight of polypropylene terephthalate and had a post-heat-set crimp contraction value of 47%. Before warping (beaming), bicomponent fiber yarns used in warp were slashed with a polyvinyl alcohol size at 300 yards/min (274m/min) using a Suziki single yarn slasher with the size bath temperature set at 107%(42℃). Sized yarn at 190Drying was carried out at (88 ℃) for about 5 minutes. The weft yarn was 30 ring spun cotton. When used, the polyethylene terephthalate yarn ("monocomponent polyester yarn") was a textured and interlaced 150 denier (167dtex), 50 filament yarn from Unifi Inc.
Each greige fabric (greige fabric) was finished as follows: under low tension through 160，180And 202Hot water (71 ℃, 82 ℃ and 94 ℃ respectively) for three times; then using 6% by weight of Synthazyme(starch hydrolase available from Dooley Chemical LLC), 1% by weight Lubit(nonionic lubricants from Sybron, Inc), and 0.5 wt.% MerpolLFH (surfactant, registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) 160(71 ℃) desizing/prewashing 30 minutes, followed by the addition of 0.5% by weight of trisodium phosphate. The fabric was then treated with 1 wt% Lubit64 and 1% by weight MerpolLFH at 110(43 ℃) for 5 minutes, using a yellow disperse dye (and a yellow reactive dye, when cotton is present in the fabric) at 230 ℃Spray-dyeing at pH5.2 (110 ℃) for 30 minutes, then in a tenter frame at 340 ℃ with under-feeding (underfeed) in the warp directionHeat-set at (171 ℃) for 40 seconds. (the weight percent of the finishing component is based on the weight of the fabric).
The achievable percent stretch of the fabric in the examples was measured by the following method. Three 60X 6.5cm sample strips were cut from each fabric. The length dimension corresponds to the warp direction. Each spline was equally split on each side until it was 5cm wide. One end of the fabric is folded to form a loop, and a seam is sewn across the width to secure the loop. A first line was drawn 6.5cm from the unlooped end of the fabric and a second line was drawn 50cm ("GL") from the first line. Samples were conditioned at 20 ℃. + -. 2 ℃ and 65%. + -. 2% relative humidity for at least 16 hours. The sample was then clamped at the first line and hung vertically. A weight of 30 newtons was hung on the loop and the sample was subjected to three times the following process: i.e. alternately stretching the sample under the weight for three seconds and then supporting the weight to free the fabric from the load. The weight was reapplied and the distance between the two lines ("ML") was recorded in the nearest millimeter. The percent stretch achievable is calculated by the following formula I:
% achievable stretching 100 x (ML-GL)/GL (i) and the results were averaged for three bars.
Percent recovery of fabric in the examples was calculated by subtracting percent fabric growth (% fabric growth) from 100%, and percent fabric growth was measured by the following method. Three new bars were prepared according to the method in the achievable tensile test described above, stretched to 80% of the previously measured achievable tensile, and stretchedThe state was maintained for 30 minutes. They were then allowed to relax for 60 minutes without restriction, and the length between the two lines ("L") was measured again2"). The percent fabric growth is calculated by formula II:
% fabric growth of 100 × (L)2GL)/GL (II) and the results of the three splines are averaged.
In describing the warp yarn repeat pattern in the fabric structures of the examples, "two" refers to two components and "single" refers to a single component. The repeating patterns used are those that are most uniform with respect to the weight percent of bicomponent filament warp yarn present. For example, when the bicomponent filament yarn is at a 50 wt% loading, the repeat pattern is two/mono/di/mono instead of two/di/mono, and when the bicomponent filament yarn is at a 33 wt% loading, the repeat pattern is two/mono/di/mono instead of two/di/mono. While the most uniform repeating pattern is used to achieve high fabric uniformity of surface appearance, stretch and recovery, such a pattern is not required.
The achievable tensile ("stretch") and "recovery" properties of the fabrics prepared in the examples are listed in tables I (plain weave) and II (twill weave). For clarity, the yarns used in the examples have the same linear density, so the number percentage of warp yarns and the weight percentage of warp yarns are equal. In the table, "two component weight percent" is based on total warp weight. "bicomponent weight percent stretch" and "bicomponent weight percent recovery" refer to the relative amount of bicomponent polyester yarn in the warp yarns only.
Examples
Example 1
A plain woven fabric was produced in which the warp had a warp ratio of 1: 1 bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn (50/50 weight ratio) and was arranged alternately at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the raw fabric. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and left the loom in a gray stateIs 78 inches (198cm) wide. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had a yarn density of 100 ends/inch (39 ends/cm) and 96 picks/inch (38 picks/cm) and a weight of 4.86oz/yd2(165g/m2) And comprises 28 wt% of bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 2
A plain woven fabric was produced in which the warp had a warp yarn ratio of 1: 2 bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn (33/67 weight ratio) and was arranged in a two/single repeat pattern at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige cloth. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 78 inches (198cm) wide in the raw state after leaving the loom. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had a yarn density of 90 ends/inch (35 ends/cm) and 97 picks/inch (38 picks/cm) and a weight of 4.49oz/yd2(152g/m2) And 19 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 3
A plain woven fabric was produced in which the warp had a warp yarn ratio of 1: 3 bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn (25/75 weight ratio) and was arranged in a two/single repeat pattern at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige cloth. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 78 inches (198cm) wide in the raw state after leaving the loom. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had a yarn density of 100 ends/inch (39 ends/cm) and 95 picks/inch (37 picks/cm) and a weight of 4.55oz/yd2(154g/m2) And comprises 14 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 4
Twill fabrics were made in which the warp had a 1: 1 warp ratio (50/50 weight ratio) of bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn alternating at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige fabric. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 75 inches (190cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had 104 ends/inch (41 ends)Yarn/cm) and 88 picks/inch (35 picks/cm) with a weight of 5.47oz/yd2(185g/m2) And comprises 27 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 5
A twill fabric was woven in which the warp had a 1: 2 warp ratio (33/67 weight ratio) of bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn arranged in a two/single repeat pattern of 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige cloth. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 75 inches (190cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had a yarn density of 90 ends/inch (35 ends/cm) and 92 picks/inch (36 picks/cm) and a weight of 4.92oz/yd2(167g/m2) And comprises 18 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 6
Twill fabrics were made in which the warp had a 1: 3 warp yarn ratio (25/75 weight ratio) of bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn arranged in a two/single repeat pattern at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige cloth. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 78 inches (198cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had a yarn density of 100 ends/inch (39 ends/cm) and 107 picks/inch (42 picks/cm) and a weight of 5.67oz/yd2(192g/m2) And comprises 13 wt% of bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 7
A plain woven fabric was made in which the warp had a 1: 1 bicomponent polyester yarn to sized 30 ring spun face warp ratio (50/50 weight ratio) alternating at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige goods. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 78 inches (198cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the gray fabric had a yarn density of 88 ends/inch (35 ends/cm) and 98 picks/inch (39 picks/cm) and a weight of 4.78oz/yd2(162g/m2) And based on the totalThe fabric weight contained 28 wt% bicomponent polyester yarn.
Example 8
Twill fabrics were made in which the warp had a 1: 2 warp yarn ratio (33/67 weight ratio) of bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn arranged in a two/single repeat pattern of 86 warp yarns/inch (34 warp yarns/cm) in the greige cloth. The weft yarn is a monocomponent polyester yarn. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 75 inches (190cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had a yarn density of 120 ends/inch (47 ends/cm) and 90 picks/inch (35 picks/cm) and a weight of 5.85oz/yd2(198g/m2) And comprises 18 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 9
A plain woven fabric was produced in which the warp had a warp ratio of 1: 1 bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn (50/50 weight ratio) and was arranged alternately at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the raw fabric. The weft yarn is entirely a bicomponent polyester yarn. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 76 inches (193cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had an achievable stretch in the warp and weft directions of 26% and 25%, respectively, and yarn densities of 112 ends/inch (44 ends/cm) and 95 picks/inch (37 picks/cm). The weight of the fabric is 5.8oz/yd2(197g/m2) And comprises 72 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 10
A twill fabric was woven in which the warp had a 1: 1 warp ratio (50/50 weight ratio) of bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn alternating at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the greige cloth. The weft yarn is a bicomponent polyester yarn and 30 ring spun cotton, woven by sequential picking. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 76 inches (193cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the achievable stretch of the fabric in the warp and weft directions was 50% and 17%, respectively, and the yarn density was 115 warpsYarns per inch (45 ends/cm) and 90 picks per inch (35 picks/cm). The weight of the fabric is 6.44oz/yd2(218g/m2) And comprises 50 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 11
A plain woven fabric was produced in which the warp had a warp ratio of 1: 1 bicomponent polyester yarn to monocomponent polyester yarn (50/50 weight ratio) and was arranged alternately at 86 ends/inch (34 ends/cm) in the raw fabric. The weft yarns are bicomponent polyester yarns and monocomponent polyester yarns, woven by sequential picking. The fabric was 80 inches (203cm) wide on the loom and 75 inches (190cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had 31% and 18% available stretch in the warp and weft directions, respectively, and yarn densities of 94 ends/inch (37 ends/cm) and 102 picks/inch (40 picks/cm). The weight of the fabric is 5.64oz/yd2(191g/m2) And comprises 50 weight percent bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Example 12 (comparative example)
Making a plain woven fabric in which the warp yarns are entirely bicomponent polyester yarns; i.e. a warp ratio of 1: 0. The weft yarn is 30-count ring spun cotton. The Ruti air jet loom was used at 500 picks per minute. On the loom, the yarn count is 70 ends/inch (28 ends/cm) and 50 picks/inch (20 picks/cm). The fabric was 67 inches (170cm) wide on the loom and 65 inches (165cm) wide in the raw state. After dyeing and finishing, the fabric had 3.47oz/yd2(118g/m2) And a yarn density of 74 ends/inch (29 ends/cm) and 72 picks/inch (28 picks/cm), and comprises 54 wt.% of a bicomponent polyester yarn, based on total fabric weight.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Warp ratio | The warp yarn comprises two components by weight percent | Stretching of the fabric,% | Drawing of two Components wt% | Fabric recovery,% | Recovery of two Components weight% |
| 1 | 1∶1 | 50 | 34 | 0.7 | 98 | 2.0 |
| 2 | 1∶2 | 33 | 23 | 0.7 | 98 | 3.0 |
| 3 | 1∶3 | 25 | 25 | 1.0 | 99 | 4.0 |
| 7 | 1∶1 | 50 | 36 | 0.7 | Nm | nm |
| 9 | 1∶1 | 50 | 26 | 0.5 | Nm | nm |
| 11 | 1∶1 | 50 | 31 | 0.6 | Nm | nm |
| 12 (comparison) | 1∶0 | 100 | 30 | 0.3 | 99 | 1.0 |
TABLE 2
| Examples | Warp ratio | The warp yarn comprises two components by weight percent | Stretching of the fabric,% | Drawing of two Components wt% | Fabric recovery,% | Recovery of two Components weight% |
| 4 | 1∶1 | 50 | 43 | 0.9 | 97 | 1.9 |
| 10 | 1∶1 | 50 | 50 | 1.0 | Nm | nm |
| 5 | 1∶2 | 33 | 28 | 0.8 | 99 | 3.0 |
| 8 | 1∶2 | 33 | 23 | 0.7 | Nm | nm |
| 6 | 1∶3 | 25 | 27 | 1.1 | 98 | 3.9 |
The data in tables I and II show that the fabrics of the present invention exhibit unexpectedly and disproportionately high stretch and recovery properties (compared to their bicomponent filament yarn content). The index "nm" indicates that the value was not measured.
Claims (9)
1. A warp-stretch woven fabric selected from the group consisting of plain, twill and satin constructions comprising:
a plurality of weft yarns and a plurality of warp yarns, wherein 15% to 55% by weight of said warp yarns are polyester bicomponent continuous filaments comprising polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate and having a post-heat-set crimp contraction value of 20% to 80%.
2. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein from 22% to 33% by weight of said warp yarns are polyester bicomponent continuous filaments.
3. The fabric of claim 1 wherein the bicomponent continuous filament warp yarns are woven separately from other warp yarns in the woven fabric structure.
4. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the weft yarns comprise first yarns and second yarns, and wherein the first yarns comprise bicomponent continuous filaments of polyethylene terephthalate and polytrimethylene terephthalate.
5. The fabric of claim 4, wherein the weft yarns have a structure selected from the group consisting of sequential picks and common picks.
6. The fabric of claim 4, wherein the second yarn is a spun staple yarn.
7. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric has a warp repeat pattern selected to achieve a most uniform weight percentage of polyester bicomponent filament warp yarns present.
8. The fabric of claim 1 comprising 13 to 28 weight percent polyester bicomponent yarn based on total fabric weight, wherein the bicomponent yarn is present in only the warp yarns.
9. The fabric of claim 1 comprising from 13 to 19 weight percent of the polyester bicomponent yarn, based on total fabric weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2004/036378 WO2006062495A1 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2004-12-07 | Warp-stretch woven fabrics comprising polyester bicomponent filaments |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1115418A1 HK1115418A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 |
| HK1115418B true HK1115418B (en) | 2012-08-03 |
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