HK1103388B - System comprising traction means for moving an elevator car and corresponding traction means - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lift system, as defined in claim 1, with means for propelling a lift cabin.

Lifting systems have a load bearing mechanism to support and move the lifting cabin. For this purpose, the lifting mechanism typically runs around a drive train, which is driven by a drive train. In most cases, at least one counterweight is provided, and the lifting cabin and counterweight move oppositely as soon as the drive train sets the drive train in motion.

In modern elevator systems, the lift cabins are lighter than in conventional systems. Therefore, there is a risk that in the event of a failure of the drive control, the drive unit will continue to be driven and an empty or almost empty lift cabin will be moved towards an upper shaft even if the counterweight has already reached a buffer and no longer contributes to the lifting of the lift cabin. However, a distance between the cabin and the shaft must be ensured, as this distance defines a shelter that must keep, for example, installation personnel from getting stuck. The penetration of the lift cabin into this shelter is prevented. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that modern lifting equipment or mantles are always equipped with high lifting rates due to the high load profile.

JP06087574 reveals a solution whereby a lift cabin approach to the shaft is monitored by switches and WO0183352 reveals a lift system support which has markings which can be recognised by a reader and which allow the position of the lift cabin to be determined without any safety risks.

The purpose of the invention is therefore to provide a reliable solution for use in a lift system that prevents the lifting of the empty or nearly empty lift cabin (called overtaking) in the event of a failure of the drive control, a malfunction or other failure of the lift system.

This problem is solved for a lift system according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

This task is solved by a method according to the invention with the characteristics of claim 10.

Preferred extensions of the invention are defined by claims 2 to 9 under claim 1 and claims 11 and 12 under claim 10.

The invention is described in detail below by means of examples and in relation to the drawing. Figure 1A, showing a schematic cross-sectional view of the elevator system in accordance with the invention, with a lift cabin in a lower end position in the lift shaft;Figure 1A, showing a schematic cross-sectional view of the elevator system in accordance with the invention, with the lift cabin in an upper end position in the lift shaft;Figure 1A, showing the elevator cabin in a crossing situation;Figure 2a schematic cross-sectional view of a further elevator system;Figure 3a schematic, perspective view of a first section of a straight line;Figure 4a schematic cross-sectional view of a second section of a straight line.

The same and similar or similar components are shown in all figures with the same reference marks.

The first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 1A to 1C. The example shown in Figures 1A to 1C is a conventional elevator system 10 comprising a lifting cabin 11 which is concealed, carried and moved by a supporting structure 13. The supporting structure 13 is arranged so that it is fixed at both free ends in or on the lift shaft 14. These attachment points are designated F. From the first attachment point F, the supporting structure 13 runs down the lift shaft 14. Then the lifting structure 11 turns on the rolls 11.2. On the other side of the lifting structure 11 the supporting structure 13 runs up and turns on a drive shaft 16. For example, the engine can be driven from a fixed position to the opposite of the second drive shaft 122, and then it can be considered to be moving from the center of the lift shaft 13 to the center of the lift shaft 122.

In the example shown, a shaft roof 14.1 or a type of bridge or support capable of supporting parts of the drive is placed at the top of the shaft, thus limiting the area of the lift cab 11 upwards, while in the lift shaft 14 an upper position (in Fig. 1B and 1C marked with an X) is defined which may not be crossed.

It is shown in Figures 1A to 1C that the supporting structure 13 comprises a safety section 17 arranged so that the safety section 17 interacts with the drive 16 when the lift cab 11 approaches the upper shaft 14.1 after passing the upper position X or when the counterweight 12 approaches the upper shaft 14.1 after passing the upper position W. According to the invention, the safety section 17 is so constructed that the interaction between the drive 16 and the supporting structure 13 results in a slide, thus preventing the cab from entering the uppermost section of the shaft.The following descriptions refer essentially to a passing over of the lifting cab 11. Slip describes a state in which the drive shaft 16 rotates without the load bearing material 13 on the drive shaft 16 making any significant movement. A frictional force between the drive shaft 16 and the load bearing material 13 or safety zone 17 is not sufficient to move the load bearing material 13. This state of slide can also be called a large slip. The behaviour of a technical element - in this case the load bearing belt 13 - which was supposed to be synchronized to another element - in this case the drive train 16 - is moved by slipping.Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 140 (char 139)

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Figure 1C shows the moment when, in the case of a lift system 10 according to the invention, the lifting cabin 11 overtakes the upper position X. This may be due, for example, to the failure of the drive and not to the usual stopping when the lifting cabin 11 reaches the top floor. If the drive 15 continues, the drive 16 pulls the load carrier 13 and thus the lifting cabin 11 further up.

The device 13 has a safety section 17 according to the invention, which is arranged so that this safety section 17 interacts with the drive 16 when the lifting cab 11 approaches the upper shaft (e.g. 14.1). Fig. 1C shows a condition in which the safety section 17 of the device 13 has already been connected to the drive 16. Since the safety section 17 is deliberately designed to result in a large slip between the drive 16 and the device 13, the drive is no longer able to carry the lifting cab 11 upwards.

The safety section 17 is designed so that the slide occurs under the following conditions: (1) counterweight 12 stops pulling at the load bearing drum 13.1, after which the lifting cab 11 has passed the upper position X, because counterweight 12 is sitting on a counterweight buffer 12.1. This means that the safety section 17 must be executed in such a way that even if the lift is empty,or in the case of a lift with only a light load 11, a significant slip occurs when the safety section 17 interacts with the drive train 16. Since counterweight 12 is at this time on counterweight buffer 12.1 and therefore only the mass of the counterweight support drum 13.1 on the side of the counterweight is acting on the drive 16 a maximum permissible friction value between safety section 17 and drive 16 is derived from the ratio of the weight of the empty lifting cab 11 to the weight of the counterweight support drum 13.1.

In Fig. 2 another lifting device 10 is shown, in which case the supporting device 13 is connected at one end F1 to the lifting cab 11 and at the other end F2 to counterweight 12. It is therefore not a lifting device 10 with a swing of the lifting cab 11. Also in this configuration a supporting device 13 of the invention can be used. The safety section 17 is, as shown, provided at least at one point of the supporting device 13 located at a distance A from the end F1 of the lifting device. The distance A depends on the data of the lifting device. The available supporting shaft arrangement, the position and orientation of the input data and the speed of the input or the further travel can be determined by directly measuring this resistance. If a safety seat is located at a distance A from the end F1 of the lifting device, the distance A can be compared to the distance 11 in Fig. 12 if the supporting device is located at a distance A from the opposite end of the lifting device.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the safety section 17 has a length extension L (parallel to a longitudinal axis Y of the load medium 17) equal to or greater than 3.14 pi times the radius R of the drive shaft 16; however, these figures apply only to elevators in which the load medium 13 encircles the drive shaft by 180 degrees. The length L of the safety-belt 17 shall be determined by taking into account the radius of the drive shaft R, a rolling angle of the drive shaft, a permissible clearance, a buffer hood and dynamic stopping lines and a safety margin. In any case, the length L of the safety-belt 17 shall be constructed so that the load-bearing material cannot swing back and forth between the safety-belt 17 and the rest of the load-bearing area as a result of dynamic processes. In one example, the length of the safety-belt 17 is 200 mm for a drive shaft radius of 35 mm.

The invention can be applied to both belt-like supporting materials 13, as shown in Figure 3, and to sheath-like supporting materials, e.g. coated steel ropes or the like.

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In Figure 4 another belt-like support 13 of the invention is shown; the support 13 shown is a type of gear belt with 13.6 teeth perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Y of the support 13. In the area of the safety section 17, which has length L, the surface structure of the support 13 is modified to reduce the traction between a drive 16 and the support 13 when the safety section 17 is on the drive 16. In the example shown, the teeth 13.6 of the belt have been reduced in their height and removed approximately.

In another embodiment, the belt-like supporting material 13 has a traction-reducing coating in the area of the safety section 17.

In particular, preference is given to strap-like loaders 13 where both the surface structure in the area of the safety section 17 and the surface properties (for example by applying a traction reducing coating such as a lubricant) have been altered.

For example, a spray may be used to apply a highly adhesive lubricant to the carrier 13, which changes the surface characteristics in safety section 17. Preferably, the adjacent areas of the carrier 13 are covered with a protective tape or template.

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If fibre-type loaders 13 are used, loaders 13 which include a traction-reducing coating in the area of safety section 17 are particularly suitable.

The invention also provides for load carriers 13 specially designed for use in a lifting system 10. The design of the load carriers 13 must take into account the above factors (weight of the lifting cab, drive shaft circumference 16, drive shaft shape 16, etc.) In order to ensure safety during crossing, load carriers 13 of the invention must include a safety section 17 and have a different surface structure and/or texture in the area of this safety section 17 than in other length sections of the load carriers 13.

The ratio between the length L and the total length of the supporting structure 13 depends on the lifting height, the type of lift suspension and the drive shaft radius R. For example, at a lifting height of 20 m, the supporting structure 13 is approximately 50 m long in the case of a suspended cab (see Fig. 2). At a drive shaft radius of 35 mm, the length L of the supporting structure 17 is preferably about 200 mm. The length ratio between the supporting structure 17 and the total length of the supporting structure 13 is sometimes 0.2/50/0.4%.

However, in all these considerations it must always be borne in mind that the installation or provision of the safety section 17 does not compromise the load-bearing capacity of the load-bearing medium 13 For this purpose, a belt-like medium 13 may be equipped, for example, with steel ropes 13.4 or steel slits as shown in Figure 3.

The invention is made possible by the fact that the section of the vehicle where the safety section 17 is provided for interacts with the drive only in an emergency situation, namely when the top position X is crossed.

Preferably, the lift is designed so that the drive is switched off by a running time control and/or a slip control and/or a torque monitoring or other safety circuitry as soon as the interaction between the safety section 17 and the drive unit 16 occurs. Torque monitoring detects, for example, when, as a result of a sudden change in torque, because of a sudden change in the driving capacity, the engine current changes rapidly and the drive is switched off. These additional measures, but also in particular the provision of the load-bearing safety device 17, will prevent further damage to the lift, such as overheating of the drive unit and the preservation of the means of propulsion. For example, in a lift without a safety section 17, if the drive shaft 16 slides through, the load area in question will rapidly heat up, possibly causing a melting of the load area in the area of contact between the load and the drive shaft.

Claims (12)

1. Lift installation (10) with support means (13) and drive pulley (16) for driving the support means (13), wherein the support means (13) at least partly loops around the drive pulley (16), characterised in that the support means (13) comprises a safety section (17) which produces a slipping through by interaction between the drive pulley (16) and the safety section (17) of the support means (13).
2. Lift installation (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the support means (13) has in the region of the safety section (17) a surface structure and/or surface property different than in other length sections of the support means (13).
3. Lift installation (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the safety section (17) has parallel to a longitudinal axis of the support means (17) a length (L) corresponding with at least 3.14 (B) times the radius (R) of the drive pulley (16).
4. Lift installation (10) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the support means (13) is a belt-like support means.
5. Lift installation (10) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the support means (13) is a cable-like support means.
6. Lift installation (10) according to claim 4, characterised in that belt-like support means (13) has longitudinal or transverse ribs as surface structure, wherein the longitudinal or transverse ribs are of different construction or entirely absent in the region of the safety section (17).
7. Lift installation (10) according to claim 4 or 6, characterised in that the belt-like support means (13) comprises a traction-reducing coating in the region of the safety section (17).
8. Lift installation (10) according to claim 5, characterised in that the cable-like support means (13) comprises a traction-reducing coating in the region of the safety section (17).
9. Lift installation (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the safety section (17) interacts with the drive pulley (16) when the lift cage (11) after overrunning an upper position (X) or a counterweight (12) after overrunning an upper position (W) approaches an upper shaft end (14.1).
10. Method of providing overrun protection in a lift installation (10) with a support means (13) and a driven drive pulley (16) for driving the support means (13), wherein the support means (13) at least partly loops around the drive pulley (16), characterised by the following steps:

    - establishing a safety section (17) at the support means (13),

    - covering a part of the support means (13) by means of protective tape or template, wherein the part covered by means of protective tape or template adjoins the safety section (17),

    - applying a slide means, which adheres to the support means (13), in the region of the safety section (17) and

    - removing the protective tape or the template.
11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the slide means is sprayed on.
12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the safety section (17) is so arranged that the safety section (17) interacts with the drive pulley (16) when a lift cage (11) after overrunning an upper position (X) or a counterweight (12) after overrunning an upper position (W) approaches an upper shaft end (14.1), wherein a slipping through results in the region of the safety section (17) through the interaction between the drive pulley (16) and the support means (13).