HK1103116B - Brake lining for a disk brake of a rail vehicle - Google Patents

Description

Brake lining for a disc brake of a rail vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to a brake lining for a disk brake of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle.

Background

Such brake linings are known, for example, from EP 0784761B 1. Each friction element has a friction lining made of sintered metal, which frictionally contacts the brake disk in the event of braking.

Friction linings made of sintered metals have in principle a considerable advantage over other non-metallic friction linings. This relates in particular to the resistance to high temperatures and to the avoidance of olfactory or smoke disturbances.

However, the sintered metal causes brake squeal noise during braking operationThe vibrations that cause brake squeal noise can be generated without obstacles, mainly due to the material connection on the carrier.

The noise which is extremely uncomfortable for passengers prevents wide spread especially in short-distance passenger transport.

Despite numerous trials through the material mixing or the structural design of friction linings, no satisfactory solution has been found until now which allows metal friction linings to be employed more widely and acceptably.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a generic brake lining which improves its acceptance in use (benutzengsakzeptanz).

The object is achieved by a brake lining for a disc brake of a rail vehicle, comprising a plurality of friction elements which are fastened to a carrier plate and each have a metallic lining carrier and a metallic friction lining which is fastened to the lining carrier, wherein one or more damping elements are arranged between each friction element and the carrier plate in order to reduce the propagation of sound vibrations, characterized in that: the damping elements each consist of a damping layer which is damping, resistant to high temperatures and transmits transverse forces, said layer consisting of a plurality of individual layers of different materials.

In order to interrupt or reduce the propagation of the acoustic vibrations, a damping element is arranged at least on one friction element, preferably on each friction element, in particular between each friction element and the carrier plate.

The structural measures make it possible to decouple the friction element from the carrier in terms of vibration. It has therefore been shown unexpectedly that the unpleasant squeal noise no longer occurs.

Although noise-damping layers made of elastomers, for example for brake linings of vehicles, are known per se. But generally no braking force is transmitted thereby. The use of such elements on brake linings of the same type for rail vehicles, which become very hot and which have a plurality of friction elements with metallic lining carriers and sintered metal linings on an overlying carrier plate, cannot therefore be evaluated.

The invention in this connection results in a brake lining which combines the advantages of a non-metallic friction lining (avoidance of brake squeal noise) with the advantages of a metallic friction lining, i.e. a friction lining made of sintered metal, since a so-called high temperature resistance and an absence of olfactory interference are obtained: () Or smoke interference () In particular, the high temperature resistance associated with brake discs made of steel or copper is obtained.

In order to transmit the high transverse forces occurring during braking, the damping element is made of a correspondingly loadable material with respect to the shape of the damping layer. Examples are as follows: a fabric made of yarns resistant to high temperatures (from which a single layer woven into a mat can be made one above the other); a layer of thin metal plates stacked one on top of the other; high temperature resistant paper or wirecloth layer, which paper is commercially available with heat resistance up to 1200 degrees celsius. Elastomers appear to be unsuitable.

Preferably the shock absorbing layer is made up of a plurality of layers of different materials. In which thin metal forms and shock absorbing layers are alternately stacked.

The metal shaped part is dimensioned such that its vibration frequency is approximately equal to the frequency of the brake lining which leads to brake squeal noise. The excited oscillation amplitude is attenuated by the adjacent damping layer in such a way that the vibration energy "disappears".

Depending on the thickness of the individual intermediate layers, up to 10 individual intermediate layers, preferably between 1 and 5 intermediate layers, are provided.

The shaped piece of metal in the damping layer can consist of different materials, for example steel and copper. Different natural frequencies are thus realized in the same geometry.

It is important that the shock absorbing layer is elastic or somewhat elastic in its nature in order to dampen the vibrations that produce squeal noise.

The invention can be implemented particularly effectively, in particular, in brake linings such as are known from EP 0837260B 1, also from EP 0784761B 1 or DE 19709962C 1, which are already cited.

In these brake linings, the friction lining with a partially spherical rear face is supported in a matching spherical segment-shaped recess of a carrier plate, wherein the sintered metal forming the friction lining is connected to an element carrier plate with a partially spherical projection.

The inner lining carrier has an outer connecting plate adapted thereto, which is located in the spherical segment and between which a damping layer for damping is arranged. The damping layer can be inserted loosely and can be connected to one or two adjacent plates.

If during the braking process the lining clamping force acts via the clamping device and tangential frictional forces act on the friction elements, the resulting forces are introduced into the carrier in the radial direction via the spherical surfaces.

The somewhat elastic shock absorber causes separation of the metal parts, with the result that the excited vibrations, which cause squeal noise, are damped.

However, even in the case of a shock absorber layer that is dispensed with, vibration damping is already achieved by friction only between two element carriers placed one above the other.

The brake lining according to the invention also has the advantage of a very simple construction, in which even brake linings that have already been provided and are available for mass application can be retrofitted. The layer structure described does not influence the operating principle of the lining.

The life of the components arranged downstream, for example the cup springs, with which the friction elements are connected to the carrier plate on the rear side, is increased by the insulating effect of the presence of the damping layer, thus resulting in a very significant reduction in operating costs.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a detail of a brake lining according to the invention in a plan view.

Fig. 2 to 5 show in a sectional side view different embodiments in one part of a brake lining.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a brake lining for a disk brake of a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, having a carrier plate 2, to which a plurality of friction elements 1 are fastened, which can be pressed against friction surfaces of a brake disk, not shown, during a braking operation. Each brake element 1 is formed here by a lining carrier 4 and a friction lining 3 connected to the lining carrier 4, which lining carrier 4 is connected to the carrier plate 2.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2, each friction element 1 is mounted so as to be tiltable on the carrier plate 2, so that a connecting pin 8 is connected to the lining carrier 4, which pin passes through the carrier plate 2 and is held on the rear side by means of a spring, for example a clamping spring, which is supported on the carrier plate 2 and engages in the connecting pin 8.

For a defined movement, the friction element is supported on a spherical segment 9 of the carrier 2, and the friction element 1 has a partially spherical profile 10 on its side facing the carrier 2.

A profile 10 in the spherical segment 9 of the carrier 2 is provided on the connecting plate 5, the cross-sectional profile of which is adapted to the cross-sectional profile of the lining carrier 4.

A damping layer 6 is arranged between the connecting plate 5 and the lining carrier 4 and is connected to the connecting plate 5 and the lining carrier 4, and vibrations occurring during braking are therefore at least damped in such a way that brake squeal noise is not generated.

The connecting plate 5 and the lining carrier 4 have hitherto been constructed as an integral unit without the damping layer 6. As is known, it has been shown unexpectedly that, in order to interrupt the sound bridge formed in the entire case (Schallbr ü cke), it is sufficient to separate the material only precisely in the connection plate 5 and the lining carrier 4. Instead, the damping is optimized by embedding the damping layer 6.

In fig. 3, an embodiment is shown in which the friction element 1 is held on the carrier plate 2 by a shielding plate 14, wherein the shielding plate 14 is connected to the carrier plate 2 by rivets 12, 13. The friction element 1 rests on the carrier plate 2, wherein the damping layer 6 is arranged between the lining carrier 4 and the carrier plate 2, the lining carrier 4 receiving the friction lining 3.

In order to avoid the propagation of acoustic vibrations to the shielding plate 14 and to the carrier plate 2 via the rivets 12, 13, a damping layer 11 is also provided in the region of the friction lining 3 which passes through the shielding plate 14 and surrounds the friction lining 3 at least in the adjoining cover region of the shielding plate 14.

Depending on the requirements, the damping layers 6, 11 are arranged loosely or fixedly connected to the adjacent components in the exemplary embodiment described.

This also applies to the damping layer 6 described in the embodiment of the brake lining shown in fig. 4.

The friction element 1 is held on the carrier plate 2 by a retaining clip 15, the carrier plate 2 being supported on the lining carrier 4 and being fixedly connected to the carrier plate 2 on the other hand.

The lining carrier 4 is furthermore provided on its side facing away from the friction lining 3 with a radial, parallel or concentric toothing which engages in a form-fitting manner in a support 16 adapted to the contour, which is fixedly connected to the carrier plate 2.

A shock-absorbing layer is inserted between the support 16 and the lining carrier 4. The damping layer 6 can be preformed in accordance with the toothing. With a corresponding selection of the material of the damping layer, the shaping can only take place when the friction element 1 is assembled together with the carrier plate 2.

The example shown in fig. 5 corresponds substantially to the example described in fig. 2. But here a plurality of, in particular 2, shock absorbing shells 6 are arranged at a distance from each other and separated by a metal plate 17 located between them.

Each damping layer, which is also the case in the exemplary embodiments according to fig. 2 to 4, can be formed from a plurality of layers of different materials, and the layers can also be formed from different metals. The metal plate 17 arranged between the two damping layers 6 can also be made of a different material with respect to the connecting plate 5 and the lining carrier 4.

List of reference numerals

1 Friction element

2 support plate

3 Friction lining

4 lining bracket

5 connecting plate

6 shock-absorbing layer

7 spring

8 connecting pin

9 spherical segment

10 part-spherical shaped part

11 shock-absorbing layer

12 rivet

13 rivet

14 shield plate

15 fixation clamp

16 support member

17 sheet metal

Claims (22)

1. Brake linings of disc brakes of rail vehicles,

a) comprising a plurality of friction elements (1) fixed on a pallet (2),

b) the friction elements each have a metal lining carrier (4) and a metal friction lining (3) fastened thereto,

c) in order to reduce the propagation of acoustic vibrations, one or more damping elements are arranged between each friction element (1) and the carrier (2),

the method is characterized in that:

d) the damping elements are each formed by a damping layer (6) which damps, is resistant to high temperatures and transmits transverse forces,

e) the shock absorbing layer is composed of a plurality of single layers of different materials.

2. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the material of the shock-absorbing shell (6) is elastic or somewhat elastic.

3. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shock absorbing layer (6) is made of high-temperature-resistant fabric or non-woven material.

4. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a metal plate (17) is arranged between the two damping layers (6).

5. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each damping layer (6) is provided with at least one metal layer.

6. A brake lining according to claim 5, wherein: each metal layer of the damping layer (6) is dimensioned such that its vibration frequency is approximately equal to the frequency of the brake lining which causes squeal noise.

7. A brake lining according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the metal layers of each damping layer (6) are made of different materials.

8. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each shock-absorbing layer (6) has less than 10 individual layers.

9. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shock absorption layer (6) is composed of steel wire cloth, high-temperature-resistant yarn fabric and/or high-temperature-resistant paper.

10. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the damping element also has a connecting plate (5) with which the friction element (1) rests on the carrier plate (2).

11. A brake lining as claimed in claim 10 wherein: the damping layer (6) is arranged between the respective lining carrier (4) and the connecting plate (5) of the respective friction element (1).

12. A brake lining as claimed in claim 10 or 11 wherein: the damping layer (6) is loosely located between the lining carrier (4) and the connecting plate (5).

13. A brake lining as claimed in claim 10 or 11 wherein: the damping layer (6) is fixedly connected to the lining carrier (4) and/or the connecting plate (5).

14. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the damping layer (6) is directly arranged on the supporting plate (2) and fixed on the supporting plate.

15. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carrier plate (2) associated with each friction element (1) has a bearing (16) against which the friction element (1) bears in a rotationally fixed manner by means of a positive seal.

16. A brake lining as claimed in claim 15 wherein: the associated lining carrier (4) of the support (16) and the friction element (1) is provided with teeth which engage into one another.

17. A brake lining as claimed in claim 16 wherein: the damping layer (6) is arranged between the teeth.

18. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each friction element (1) is held on the carrier plate (2) by a shielding plate (14), wherein the damping layer is arranged between the lining carrier (4) which receives the friction lining (3) and the carrier plate (2), and a second damping layer (11) is arranged in the region of the penetration of the friction lining (3) through the shielding plate (14).

19. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the friction lining (3) is made of sintered metal.

20. A brake lining as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the different materials are steel and copper.

21. A brake lining as claimed in claim 8 wherein: each shock-absorbing shell (6) has 1 to 5 individual layers.

22. A brake lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shock-absorbing layer (6) is composed of thin plate layers.