HK1101161B - Reactor,fuel cell system and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Description

Reaction device, fuel cell system, and electronic apparatus

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a reaction apparatus for converting a liquid fuel, and more particularly to a reaction apparatus for generating hydrogen to be supplied to a fuel cell, a fuel cell system, and an electronic device.

Background

In recent years, fuel cells have come to be used in automobiles, portable devices, and the like as clean power sources having high energy conversion efficiency. A fuel cell is a cell that electrochemically reacts fuel and oxygen to directly extract electric energy from chemical energy.

As the starting fuel used in the fuel cell, for example, hydrogen can be used, but since the hydrogen is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, there is a problem in handling the hydrogen. There have been attempts to store hydrogen by a hydrogen absorbing alloy, but the amount of hydrogen stored per unit volume is small, and particularly fuel storage means as a power source for small electronic devices such as portable electronic devices is not sufficient. On the other hand, a system has been developed in which a liquid fuel having a hydrogen atom such as an alcohol is used as a starting fuel, the liquid fuel is reformed to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas is fed to a fuel cell.

Such a system is often mainly provided with a "reformer" for supplying a liquid fuel to a reforming reaction, and a "carbon monoxide remover" for removing a by-product (carbon monoxide) generated in the reforming reaction (see, for example, japanese patent application laid-open No. 2002-356301).

Disclosure of Invention

However, in the above reaction apparatus, the suitable operating temperature range of the carbon monoxide remover is lower than the suitable operating temperature range of the hydrogen converter, and the temperature environments for suitable operation in the converter and the carbon monoxide remover are different. In order to heat the reformer and the carbon monoxide remover to appropriate temperatures, for example, it is conceivable that a lead wire is connected to the resistance heat generating element and power is supplied from the outside through the lead wire, but heat generated in the resistance heat generating element leaks to the outside in a large amount through the lead wire, resulting in heat loss.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reaction device, a fuel cell system and an electronic apparatus, which have a portion that reacts at a high temperature and a portion that reacts at a low temperature, and which are capable of suppressing heat leakage to the outside.

In order to solve the above problems, the reaction apparatus of the invention of claim 1 comprises: the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part is connected with the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part and leads back to the low-temperature reaction part.

According to the invention of claim 1, since the heat generating body for the high temperature reaction portion is connected to the outside in order to obtain a voltage from the outside, there is a risk that heat generated in the heat generating body for the high temperature reaction portion that heats the high temperature reaction portion leaks to the outside through the wiring, but since the wiring is led back to the low temperature reaction portion, heat exchange occurs in the wiring that serves as so-called heating low temperature reaction heat and cools the heat generating body for the high temperature reaction portion itself, and heat leakage to the outside can be suppressed.

The invention according to claim 2 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a connection pipe which is provided between the high-temperature reaction unit and the low-temperature reaction unit and which transports the reactant and the product between the high-temperature reaction unit and the low-temperature reaction unit, wherein the wire is led back to the connection pipe and then to the low-temperature reaction unit.

According to the invention described in claim 2, the wiring can also heat the connection pipe, and the reactant and the product flowing through the connection pipe can be prevented from being exposed to a rapid change in the temperature environment. In addition, the wiring can be easily connected and led back from the high-temperature reaction portion to the low-temperature reaction portion through the connection pipe.

The invention according to claim 3 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 2, wherein bottom surfaces of the high-temperature reaction part, the low-temperature reaction part, and the connection pipe are located on the same plane.

According to the invention described in claim 3, since the bottom surfaces of the high-temperature reaction part, the low-temperature reaction part, and the connection pipe are present on the same plane, the parts extending over the bottom surfaces can be easily provided by a simple manufacturing process.

The invention according to claim 4 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an insulating film is formed on the high-temperature reaction part, and the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part is provided on the insulating film.

According to the invention of claim 4, since the insulating film is formed on the high-temperature reaction part and the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part is provided on the insulating film, when the surface of the high-temperature reaction part is a conductor such as a metal, the voltage applied to the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part is not divided into the high-temperature reaction part, and therefore the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part can be heated to a desired temperature.

The invention according to claim 5 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a high-temperature reaction part lead wire connected to the high-temperature reaction part heating element via the lead wire and configured to apply a voltage to the high-temperature reaction part heating element from outside.

According to the invention described in claim 5, since the wiring leading back to the low temperature reaction portion is connected to the high temperature reaction portion lead, the structure which is easily electrically connected to the outside can be easily achieved.

The invention according to claim 6 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating element for the high-temperature reaction portion functions as a temperature sensor.

According to the invention of claim 6, since the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part functions as a temperature sensor, the high-temperature reaction part can be temperature-controlled without providing a separate temperature sensor to the high-temperature reaction part, and the number of parts and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

The invention according to claim 7 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat insulating case that houses the low-temperature reaction part, the high-temperature reaction part, and the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part.

According to the invention described in claim 7, since the heat insulating case accommodates the heat generating element for the high-temperature reaction portion, the heat generating element for the high-temperature reaction portion can have a structure in which heat is hardly dissipated.

The invention according to claim 8 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: the high-temperature reaction portion heating element includes a low-temperature reaction portion, a high-temperature reaction portion, a heating element for the high-temperature reaction portion, a heat insulating case that houses the low-temperature reaction portion, the high-temperature reaction portion, and a wire for the high-temperature reaction portion that is connected to the heating element for the high-temperature reaction portion via the wire, is exposed from the heat insulating case, and applies a voltage to the heating element for the high-temperature reaction portion from the outside.

According to the invention as defined in claim 8, the heat insulating case can effectively shield the radiation of the heat generating body for the high temperature reaction portion.

The invention according to claim 9 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the high-temperature reaction portion is provided on the low-temperature reaction portion by a lead wire.

The invention according to claim 10 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a heating element for a low-temperature reaction part provided on the low-temperature reaction part, and a lead for a low-temperature reaction part connected to the heating element for a low-temperature reaction part and applying a voltage to the heating element for a low-temperature reaction part from the outside.

The invention according to claim 11 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a heat insulating case for accommodating the low-temperature reaction part, the high-temperature reaction part, and the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part; a high-temperature reaction part lead wire connected to the high-temperature reaction part heating element, exposed from the heat insulating case, and applying a voltage to the high-temperature reaction part heating element from the outside; a heating element for low-temperature reaction provided in the low-temperature reaction section; and a low-temperature reaction part lead wire which is connected to the low-temperature reaction part heating element, exposed from the heat insulating casing, and applies a voltage to the low-temperature reaction part heating element from the outside.

The invention according to claim 12 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the high-temperature reaction portion lead and the low-temperature reaction portion lead are provided in the low-temperature reaction portion.

The invention according to claim 13 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature reaction section includes a carbon monoxide remover.

The invention according to claim 14 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature reaction section includes a reformer for reforming a fuel having a chemical composition containing hydrogen atoms to generate hydrogen.

The invention according to claim 15 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature reaction section is mainly formed of a metal material.

The invention according to claim 16 is the reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature reaction portion is mainly formed of a metal material.

The invention according to claim 17 is a fuel cell system including the reaction device according to claim 1.

The invention according to claim 18 is an electronic device that operates using the fuel cell system according to claim 17.

In the present invention, since the high-temperature reaction part heating element is connected to the outside in order to obtain a voltage from the outside, there is a risk that heat generated in the high-temperature reaction part heating element for heating the high-temperature reaction part may leak to the outside excessively through the high-temperature reaction part heating element.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a microreactor module 1 shown from obliquely above.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the microreactor module 1 shown from obliquely below.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the microreactor module 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the microreactor module 1 divided for each function.

Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the microreactor module 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view in elevation of the plane along line VII-VII of fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view in elevation along line VIII-VIII of fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view in elevation along line IX-IX of fig. 3.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view in elevation of the plane along the line X-X of fig. 3.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view in elevation of the plane along line XI-XI of fig. 3.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line XII-XII in fig. 3.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in fig. 7.

Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a path from the start of supplying liquid fuel and water to the discharge of the hydrogen rich gas as a product.

Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a path from the supply of the combustion air-fuel mixture to the discharge of water or the like as a product.

Fig 16 is an exploded perspective view of the thermally insulated housing 200 of the microreactor module 1,

fig. 17 is a perspective view of the heat insulating case 200 shown from obliquely below.

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the power generation unit 601.

Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the electronic apparatus 701.

Description of the symbols

1000 reaction apparatus 4 high-temperature reaction part

6 low temperature reaction part 8 connecting pipe

170 first heating element (heating element for low temperature reaction part)

172 second heating element (heating element for high temperature reaction part)

176, 178 first lead wire (lead wire for low temperature application part)

180, 182 second lead (lead for high temperature reaction part)

200 thermally insulated housing

Detailed Description

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments described below are technically limited to various preferred embodiments for implementing the fuel cell system of the present invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described below and the examples shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a microreactor module 1 shown from obliquely above, fig. 2 is a perspective view of the microreactor module 1 shown from obliquely below, and fig. 3 is a side view of the microreactor module 1.

The microreactor module 1 is a reaction device which is built in an electronic apparatus such as a notebook computer, a PDA, an electronic notebook, a digital camera, a cellular phone, a wristwatch, a recorder, a projector, etc. together with a fuel cell which generates electric power for the electronic apparatus, and generates hydrogen gas used in the fuel cell. The microreactor module 1 includes a supply/discharge section 2 for supplying and discharging a reactant (raw material), a high-temperature reaction section 4 for causing a conversion reaction at a relatively high temperature with respect to an appropriate reaction temperature range in a low-temperature reaction section 6 described later, a low-temperature reaction section 6 for causing a selective oxidation reaction at a relatively low temperature with respect to an appropriate reaction temperature range in the high-temperature reaction section 4, and a connecting pipe 8 for allowing the reactant and the product to flow in and out between the high-temperature reaction section 4 and the low-temperature reaction section 6.

Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the microreactor module 1 divided for each function. As shown in fig. 4, the supply and discharge section 2 is mainly provided with a gasifier 502 and a first combustor 504. At the first combustor 504, at least a part of the gasified fuel (for example, hydrogen gas, methanol gas, or the like) and a gas that becomes an oxygen source such as air containing oxygen for burning the fuel are supplied separately or as a mixed gas, and these gases are burned by a catalyst in the first combustor 504 to generate heat. Water and liquid fuel (for example, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ethers such as dimethyl ether, and fuel containing hydrogen atoms in chemical composition such as gasoline) are supplied from a fuel container to the vaporizer 502 in a separate or mixed state, and are transferred into the vaporizer 502 by combustion heat in the first combustor 504, whereby the water and liquid fuel are vaporized in the vaporizer 502.

The high-temperature reaction section 4 is mainly provided with a first converter 506, a second combustor 508, and a second converter 510. The first converter 506 and the second converter 510 are both converters that convert fuel to generate hydrogen, and are configured to communicate with each other. The first converter 506 is located at the lower side, the second converter 510 is located at the upper side, and the second burner 508 is sandwiched in such a manner that the upper and lower surfaces thereof are respectively in contact with the upper surface of the first converter 506 and the lower surface of the second converter 510.

At least a part of the vaporized fuel (e.g., hydrogen gas, methanol gas, etc.) and a gas that becomes an oxygen source of air or the like containing oxygen are supplied to the second burner 508 separately or as a mixed gas, and these gases are burned by a catalyst in the second burner 508 and generate heat. In the fuel cell described later, after the supplied hydrogen gas is electrochemically reacted, unreacted hydrogen gas may be contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell, and at least one of the first combustor 504 and the second combustor 508 may mix and combust the unreacted hydrogen gas with gas such as oxygen or air containing oxygen to generate heat. Of course, the liquid fuel (for example, methanol, ethanol, butane, dimethyl ether, or gasoline) stored in the fuel container is gasified by another gasifier, and at least one of the first combustor 504 and the second combustor 508 can burn the gasified fuel with a gas such as oxygen or air containing oxygen.

When the second fuel tank 508 burns the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell, first, at the time of starting, the first converter 506 and the second converter 510 are heated by the heating element 172 described later to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell, and if the exhaust gas containing hydrogen is stably discharged from the fuel cell, the second fuel tank 508 burns the hydrogen in the exhaust gas to heat the first converter 506 and the second converter 510. When the temperature of the second burner 508 rises to reach the appropriate reforming temperature range of the first reformer 506 and the second reformer 510 and the second burner 508 becomes the main heat source of the first reformer 506 and the second reformer 510, the heating element 172 is switched to the auxiliary heat source or not used as the heat source, and the voltage applied to the heating element 172 is lowered or the voltage application is stopped. The first converter 506 and the second converter 510, which are heated, generate hydrogen gas and the like from water and fuel by a catalytic reaction, and further generate a trace amount of carbon monoxide gas. When the fuel is methanol, chemical reactions such as the following formulas (1) and (2) occur. The reaction of generating hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, and the heat of combustion by the second burner 508 is used.

CH₃OH+H₂O→3H₂+CO₂ (1)

H₂+CO₂→H₂O+CO (2)

The low-temperature reaction section 6 is mainly provided with a carbon monoxide remover 512. The carbon monoxide remover 512 is supplied with a mixture gas containing hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, and the like from the first converter 506 and the second converter 510 in a state heated by the first combustor 504, and is further supplied with air. In the carbon monoxide remover 512, a chemical reaction of the following formula (3) is caused to selectively oxidize carbon monoxide in the mixed gas, thereby removing carbon monoxide. Hydrogen of the mixed gas (hydrogen-rich gas) in which carbon monoxide is removed is supplied to a fuel electrode of the fuel cell.

2CO+O₂→2CO₂ (3)

Hereinafter, specific configurations of the supply and discharge unit 2, the high-temperature reaction unit 4, the low-temperature reaction unit 6, and the connection pipe 8 will be described with reference to fig. 3 and 5 to 12. Here, fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the microreactor module 1, fig. 6A and 6B are respectively a sectional view taken along a planar direction of a burner plate 12 described later from a tangent VI-VI in fig. 3 in a state where an external flow tube 10 is provided and a state where the external flow tube 10 is not provided, fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along a planar direction of a base plate 28 described later and a base plate 102 described later from a tangent VII-VII in fig. 3, fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along a planar direction of a lower frame 30 and a lower frame 104 described later from a tangent VIII-VIII in fig. 3, fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along a planar direction of a middle frame 32 described later and a middle frame 106 from a tangent IX-IX in fig. 3, fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along a planar direction of an upper frame 34 and an upper frame 110 described later from a tangent X-X in fig. 3, fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along a planar direction of a burner plate 108 described later from a tangent XI-XI in fig. 3, FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along a plane perpendicular to the direction of communication between the connecting pipes 8 from a tangent XII-XII in FIG. 3, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the thickness direction of the low-temperature reaction part 6 from a tangent XIII-XIII in FIG. 7.

As shown in fig. 3, 5, and 6, the supply and discharge section 2 includes an external flow pipe 10 made of a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS304) having flexibility, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance with respect to thermal expansion, and three combustor plates 12 stacked around the external flow pipe 10. The burner plate 12 is joined to the external flow-through tubes 10 by brazing. The flux is preferably a flux having a melting point higher than the highest temperature of the fluid flowing through the external flow tube 10 and the combustor plate 12 when the fuel is converted in the microreactor module 1, more preferably a flux having a melting point of 700 ℃ or higher and higher than the highest temperature by 300 ℃ or higher, and particularly preferably a gold solder containing silver, copper, zinc, and cadmium in gold, a solder containing gold, silver, zinc, and nickel as main components, or a solder containing gold, palladium, and silver as main components.

The external circulation tube 10 is a tube having a plurality of flow paths for circulating each fluid in the microreactor module 1 to the outside of the microreactor module 1, and the external circulation tube 10 is provided with an introduction passage 14 for gasification, an introduction passage 16 for air, an introduction passage 18 for combustion mixture, an exhaust gas discharge passage 20, an introduction passage 22 for combustion mixture, and a discharge passage 24 for hydrogen gas in parallel with each other. The gasification introduction passage 14, the air introduction passage 16, the combustion mixture introduction passage 18, the exhaust gas discharge passage 20, the combustion mixture introduction passage 22, and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24 are partitioned by a partition wall 29 of the external circulation pipe 10. However, the inlet opening 11 and the outlet opening 35 are provided in the combustion mixture introduction passage 22 and the exhaust gas discharge passage 20, respectively, at a portion where the partition wall 29 is connected to the combustor plate 12. Further, the introduction passage for gasification 14, the introduction passage for air 16, the combustion mixture introduction passage 18, the exhaust gas discharge passage 20, the combustion mixture introduction passage 22, and the discharge portion for hydrogen gas 24 are provided in one external circulation pipe 10, but these passages 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 may be provided in different pipe materials, respectively, and the pipe materials may be bundled together by the external circulation pipe 10. The hydrogen gas discharge passage 24 of the external circulation pipe 10 is connected to a fuel electrode of a power generation module 608 described later, and the gasification introduction passage 14 of the external circulation pipe 10 is connected to the fuel container 604 via a flow rate control means 606 described later.

The introduction passage 14 for gasification is filled with a liquid absorbing material 33 such as a felt material, a ceramic porous material, a fiber material, or a carbon porous material. The liquid absorbing material 33 is a material that absorbs the liquid fuel and water, and the liquid absorbing material 33 may be a material in which inorganic fibers or organic fibers are fixed by a binder, a material in which inorganic powder is sintered, a material in which inorganic powder is fixed by a binder, or a mixture of graphite and glassy carbon.

The combustor plate 12 is also made of a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS304) excellent in corrosion resistance. A through hole 27 is formed in the center of the combustor plate 12, the external flow pipe 10 is fitted into the through hole 27, and the external flow pipe 10 and the combustor plate 12 are joined. Further, a partition wall 31 is provided to protrude from one surface of the combustor plate 12. The outer edge 31A of the partition wall 31 is provided over the entire periphery of the outer edge of the combustor plate 12, the partition portion 31B of the partition wall 31 is provided so as to extend radially from the inner surface of the outer edge 31A to the through hole 27, the upper surface of the outer edge 31A of the lower combustor plate 12 and the upper surface of the partition portion 31B are joined by brazing to the outer edge of the lower surface of the upper combustor plate 12 and the portion between the exhaust gas discharge passage 20 and the combustion mixture introduction passage 22, respectively, whereby the three combustor plates 12 are stacked around the external flow pipe 10 without any gap, and the partition wall of the uppermost combustor plate 12 is joined to the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction portion 6, thereby forming the combustion flow path 26 on these joining surfaces. One end of the combustion flow path 26 communicates with the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction path 22 at the inlet opening 11, and the other end of the combustion flow path 26 communicates with the exhaust gas discharge path 20 at the outlet opening 35. A combustion catalyst for combusting the combustion mixture introduced into the combustion flow path 26 is supported on a wall surface of the combustor plate 12 defining a space of the combustion flow path 26. Examples of the combustion catalyst include platinum and the like.

As shown in fig. 13, an annular support portion 203 joined to the outer periphery is provided on the inner periphery of the outer circulation pipe 10 provided in the outer circulation pipe 10. The liquid absorbent material 33 in the external flow-through pipe 10 is filled to the position of the burner plate 12, and the lower part thereof is supported by being placed on the upper part of the support part 203.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the low-temperature reaction section 6 is formed by stacking a substrate 28, a lower frame 30, an intermediate frame 30, an upper frame 34, and a cover plate 36 in this order from below, and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The base plate 28, the lower frame 30, the middle frame 30, the upper frame 34, and the cover plate 36 are made of a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS304) having excellent corrosion resistance.

The substrate 28 has a flat bottom plate 53 extending over the entire area of the low-temperature reaction section 6, and the external flow pipe 10 and the uppermost combustor plate 12 are joined to the lower surface of the substrate 28 at the widthwise center portion of the substrate 28. As shown in fig. 7, the partition wall 41 is provided on the upper surface of the substrate 28, that is, on the upper surface side of the bottom plate 53 in a protruding manner in a predetermined shape, and is divided into the mixed gas flow path 38, the mixed flow path 40, the carbon monoxide removing flow path 42, the zigzag carbon monoxide removing flow path 44, the U-shaped carbon monoxide removing flow path 46, the combustion mixed gas flow path 48, and the off gas flow path 50. A through hole 52 is formed in the bottom plate 53 at an end of the mixed gas passage 38, and the mixed gas passage 38 is connected to the introduction passage for vaporization 14 of the external circulation pipe 10 via the through hole 52. The carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46 surrounds the through hole 52, a through hole 54 is formed in the bottom plate 53 at an end of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46, and the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46 communicates with the hydrogen gas discharge path 24 through the through hole 54. A through hole 58 is formed in the bottom plate 53 at an end of the combustion air/fuel mixture flow path 48, and the combustion air/fuel mixture flow path 48 communicates with the combustion air/fuel mixture introduction path 18 via the through hole 58. A through hole 56 is formed in the bottom plate 53 at the end of the exhaust gas flow path 50, and the exhaust gas flow path 50 communicates with the exhaust gas discharge path 20 through the through hole 56. A through hole 60 is formed in the bottom plate 53 at the end of the mixing channel 40, and the mixing channel 40 communicates with the air introduction channel 16 through the through hole 60. Further, the bottom plate 53 is blocked at a position corresponding to the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 22.

As shown in fig. 8, by providing the partition wall 43 on the inner side of the lower frame 30, the inner side of the lower frame 30 is divided into a zigzag carbon monoxide elimination flow path 62, a spiral carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64, a vent hole 66, a combustion mixture flow path 68, and an exhaust gas flow path 70. The bottom plate 72 is provided above the bottom plate 53 of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64, the combustion air-fuel mixture flow path 68, and the exhaust gas flow path 70 with a gap therebetween, and if the lower frame 30 is joined to the substrate 28 by brazing or the like, the top surfaces of the mixture flow path 38, the mixed flow path 40, the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46, the combustion air-fuel mixture flow path 48, and the exhaust gas flow path 50 are covered with the bottom plate 72. One end 64a of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64 is communicated with the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 62, a vent hole 74 communicated with the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 42 of the substrate 28 is formed in the middle of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64, and a vent hole 76 communicated with the exhaust gas flow path 50 of the substrate 28 is formed in the other end 64b of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64. The partition wall 43 and the partition wall 41 are overlapped so that the carbon monoxide removing flow path 62 and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 44 of the substrate 28 coincide with each other in a plan view, and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 62 and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 44 are in a state of ventilation. The vent hole 66 is positioned above the mixing channel 40 of the base plate 28. A vent hole 69 is formed in the combustion air-fuel mixture passage 68, and the combustion air-fuel mixture passage 68 is communicated with the combustion air-fuel mixture passage 48 of the substrate 28 via the vent hole 69. The exhaust gas flow path 70 is provided with a vent hole 71, and the exhaust gas flow path 70 is communicated with the exhaust gas flow path 50 of the substrate 28 via the vent hole 71.

In addition, the external flow pipe 10 overlaps a part of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64 in a plan view, and the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64 has a structure surrounding the external flow pipe 10. Therefore, the vicinity of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64 can be heated in order to heat the vaporizer 502 by the heat generated by the combustor plate 12, to heat and vaporize the liquid fuel or water, and to cause the reaction of the above formula (3) in the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 64.

As shown in fig. 9, the partition wall 45 is provided on the inner side of the middle frame 32, whereby the inner side of the middle frame 32 is divided into a zigzag carbon monoxide removal flow path 78, a spiral carbon monoxide removal flow path 80, and a vent hole 82. A bottom plate 83 is provided in a part of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 80, and if the middle frame 32 is joined to the lower frame 30 by brazing or the like, the upper portions of the combustion air-fuel mixture flow path 68 and the off-gas flow path 70 of the lower frame 30 are covered with the bottom plate 83. The partition wall 45 and the partition wall 43 overlap each other so that the carbon monoxide removing flow path 78 and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 62 of the lower frame 30 coincide with each other in a plan view, and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 78 and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 62 are in a state of ventilation. The partition wall 45 and the partition wall 43 overlap each other so that the carbon monoxide removing flow path 80 and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 64 of the lower frame 30 coincide with each other in a plan view, and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 80 and the carbon monoxide removing flow path 64 are in a state of ventilation. The vent hole 82 overlaps with the vent hole 66 of the lower frame 30, and the vent hole 82 and the vent hole 66 are in a state of communication.

As shown in fig. 10, by providing the partition wall 47 inside the upper frame 34, a zigzag carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 is formed inside the upper frame 34. Further, if the bottom plate 86 is provided on the entire inner side of the upper frame 34 and the upper frame 34 is joined to the middle frame 32 by brazing or the like, the upper portions of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 78 and the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 80 of the middle frame 32 are covered with the bottom plate 86. Further, a vent hole 88 is formed at one end of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84, and a vent hole 90 is formed at the other end of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84. The vent hole 88 overlaps with the vent hole 82 of the middle frame 32, and the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 communicates with the mixing flow path 40 via the vent hole 88, the vent hole 82, and the vent hole 66. The vent hole 90 is located on the upper surface of the end of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 78 of the middle frame 32, and the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 communicates with the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 78 through the vent hole 90.

As shown in fig. 5, the cover plate 36 is joined to the upper frame 34 and the partition wall 47, whereby the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 is covered with the cover plate 36 at the upper side. Here, the carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst that selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide is supported on the entire wall surfaces of the carbon monoxide removal flow paths 42, 44, 46, 46, 62, 64, 78, 80, and 84. The catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide is supported in advance on predetermined positions of the substrate 28, the lower frame 30, the middle frame 32, and the flow path upper frame 34, which are wall surfaces, before they are joined to each other. Examples of the catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide include platinum and the like.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the high-temperature reaction section 4 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape by stacking a base plate 102, a lower frame 104, an intermediate frame 106, a burner plate 108, an upper frame 110, and a cover plate 112 in this order from bottom to top. The base plate 102, the lower frame 104, the middle frame 106, the burner plate 108, the upper frame 110, and the cover plate 112 are made of a metal material such as stainless steel (SUS304) having excellent corrosion resistance.

As shown in fig. 7, the substrate 102 is provided with a bottom plate 113, and the bottom plate 113 is provided with a partition wall 103 projecting therefrom, thereby being divided into a supply channel 114, a zigzag conversion channel 116, and a discharge channel 115. The supply channel 114 is connected to the conversion channel 116, but the discharge channel 115 is independent from the supply channel 114 and the conversion channel 116.

As shown in fig. 8, by providing the partition wall 105 inside the lower frame 104, the inside of the lower frame 104 is divided into a zigzag conversion flow path 118, a combustion air-fuel mixture flow path 120, an exhaust gas flow path 122, and a vent hole 124. The supply flow path 114 and the discharge flow path 115 of the substrate 102 are covered with the bottom plate 126 by providing the bottom plate 126 on the combustion mixture flow path 120 and the exhaust gas flow path 122 and joining the lower frame 104 to the substrate 102. The partition wall 105 and the partition wall 103 are overlapped so that the flow path 118 for conversion coincides with the flow path 116 for conversion of the substrate 102 in a plan view, and the flow path 118 for conversion and the flow path 116 for conversion are in a state of ventilation.

As shown in fig. 9, by providing the partition wall 107 inside the middle frame 106, the inside of the middle frame 106 is divided into the zigzag-shaped conversion flow path 128, the vent hole 130, the vent hole 132, and the vent hole 134. Further, the middle frame 106 is provided with the bottom plate 136, and the middle frame 106 is joined to the lower frame 104, whereby the combustion air-fuel mixture flow path 120 and the exhaust gas flow path 122 of the lower frame 104 are covered with the bottom plate 136. The partition wall 107 and the partition wall 105 overlap each other so that the flow path 128 for conversion matches the flow path 118 for conversion of the lower frame 104 in plan view, and the flow path 128 for conversion and the flow path 118 for conversion are in a state of ventilation. The vent hole 130 is overlapped with the vent hole 124 of the lower frame 104, and the vent hole 130 and the vent hole 124 are in a venting state. The ventilation hole 132 is located above the end of the combustion mixture flow path 120, and the ventilation hole 134 is located above the end of the exhaust gas flow path 122.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the flow path 128 for conversion of the middle frame 106 is covered with the burner plate 108 by joining the burner plate 108 to the upper surface of the middle frame 106. As shown in fig. 11, the burner plate 108 is provided with a bottom plate 141, and a partition wall 109 is provided so as to protrude from the top surface of the bottom plate 141, thereby dividing the burner plate into a combustion chamber 138, a combustion chamber 140, a ventilation hole 142, and a ventilation hole 144. The end of the combustion chamber 138 is formed with a vent hole 146, the vent hole 146 is positioned above the vent hole 132 of the middle frame 106, and the combustion chamber 138 is communicated with the combustion mixture flow path 120 of the lower frame 104 via the vent hole 146 and the vent hole 132. The combustion chamber 138 communicates with a combustion chamber 140. Further, a vent hole 148 is formed at an end of the combustion chamber 140, the vent hole 148 is positioned above the vent hole 134 of the center frame 106, and the combustion chamber 140 is communicated with the exhaust gas flow passage 122 via the vent hole 148 and the vent hole 134. The vent hole 142 is positioned above an end portion of the conversion flow path 128 of the middle frame 106, and the vent hole 142 communicates with the conversion flow path 128. The vent hole 144 is located above the vent hole 130 of the middle frame 106, and the vent hole 144 communicates with the vent hole 130. A combustion catalyst for combusting the combustion mixture is supported on the wall surfaces of the combustion chamber 138 and the combustion chamber 140. Here, a combustion catalyst is supported in advance at predetermined positions of the burner plate 180 and the upper frame 110 which become wall surfaces before they are joined to each other. Examples of the combustion catalyst include platinum and the like.

As shown in fig. 10, the partition wall 111 is provided inside the upper frame 110, whereby the conversion flow path 150 is formed inside the upper frame 110 in a zigzag shape. In addition, by providing the bottom plate 152 on the upper frame 110 and joining the upper frame 110 to the combustor plate 108 by brazing or the like, the upper sides of the combustion chambers 138 and 140 of the combustor plate 108 are covered. One end of the conversion channel 150 is formed with a vent hole 154, and the other end of the conversion channel 150 is formed with a vent hole 156. The vent hole 154 is positioned above the vent hole 142 of the burner plate 108, and the conversion flow path 150 is connected to the conversion flow path 128 of the middle frame 106 via the vent hole 154 and the vent hole 142. The vent hole 156 is located above the vent hole 144 of the burner plate 108, and the conversion flow path 150 is communicated with the discharge flow path 115 via the vent hole 156, the vent hole 144, the vent hole 130, and the vent hole 124.

As shown in fig. 5, the cover plate 112 is joined to the upper frame 110 by brazing or the like, so that the top of the conversion flow path 150 is covered with the cover plate 112. Here, a reforming catalyst for reforming the fuel to generate hydrogen is supported on wall surfaces of the supply flow path 114, the discharge flow path 115, and the reforming flow paths 116, 118, 128, and 152. Here, a combustion catalyst is supported in advance at predetermined positions of the substrate 102, the lower frame 104, the middle frame 106, the burner plate 108, the upper frame 110, and the cover plate 112, which are wall surfaces, before they are joined to each other. Examples of the catalyst for conversion used for methanol conversion include a Cu/ZnO-based catalyst and a Pt/ZnO-based catalyst.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the connecting pipe 8 has a prismatic shape, the width of the connecting pipe 8 is narrower than the width of the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the width of the low-temperature reaction part 6, and the height of the connecting pipe 8 is also lower than the height of either of the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6. The connection pipe 8 is laid between the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 is joined to the high-temperature reaction part 4 by brazing or the like at the widthwise central portion of the high-temperature reaction part 4 and to the low-temperature reaction part 6 by brazing or the like at the widthwise central portion of the low-temperature reaction part 6. The lower surface of the connection pipe 8 is flush with the lower surface of the high-temperature reaction part 4, that is, the lower surface of the substrate 102, and also flush with the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction part 6, that is, the lower surface of the substrate 28.

The lower surface of the connection pipe 8 is flush with the lower surface of the high-temperature reaction part 4, that is, the lower surface of the substrate 102, and the lower surface of the connection pipe 8 is flush with the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction part 6, that is, the lower surface of the substrate 28. That is, since the respective lower surfaces (bottom surfaces) of the connection pipe 8, the high-temperature reaction part 4, and the low-temperature reaction part 6 are on the same plane and have no step, when a member (the second heating element 172 or the like described later) extending over the respective lower surfaces is provided, the member can be easily provided by a simple manufacturing process.

As shown in fig. 7, 8, and 12, the connection pipe 8 is provided with a connection channel 162, a connection channel 164, a connection channel 166, and a connection channel 168 in parallel with each other. The connection channel 162, the connection channel 164, the connection channel 166, and the connection channel 168 are divided by a partition wall of the connection pipe 8. One end of the connection channel 162 communicates with the mixed gas channel 38, and the other end of the connection channel 162 communicates with the supply channel 114. One end of the connection channel 164 communicates with the discharge channel 115, and the other end communicates with the mixing channel 40. One end of the connection passage 166 communicates with the combustion air-fuel mixture passage 68, and the other end communicates with the combustion air-fuel mixture passage 120. One end of the connection flow path 168 communicates with the exhaust gas flow path 122, and the other end communicates with the exhaust gas flow path 70.

In addition, the connection passages 162, 164, 166, 168 are provided in one connection pipe 8, and these passages 162, 164, 166, 168 may be provided in different pipes to bundle these pipes together. From the viewpoint of airtightness, the connection pipe 8 is preferably made of the same material as the substrate 28, the lower frame 30, the substrate 102, and the lower frame 104 to be joined.

As described above, in the supply/discharge section 2, the high-temperature reaction section 4, the low-temperature reaction section 6 and the connecting pipe 8, the flow path is divided by the partition walls (including the bottom plate, the top plate, the side plate and the outer plate), and the thickness of the partition walls is 0.1mm to 0.2mm, preferably 0.1mm, in any portion.

That is, in the high-temperature reaction section 4, the partition wall 103 of the substrate 102, the partition wall 105 of the lower frame 104, and the partition wall 107 of the middle frame 106 overlap each other in the plane direction, thereby forming a meandering side wall, and the inversion flow path 116, the supply flow path 114, and the discharge flow path 115 are divided by the upper surface of the bottom plate 113 of the substrate 102 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 141 of the combustor plate 108, except for the side wall. Further, the combustion chambers 138, 140 are divided by the upper surface of the bottom plate 141 of the burner plate 108, the partition wall 109, and the lower surface of the bottom plate 152 of the upper frame 110. Further, the conversion flow path 150 is partitioned by the upper surface of the bottom plate 152 of the upper frame 110, the partition wall 111, and the lower surface of the cover plate 112.

In the low-temperature reaction part 6, the partition wall 41 of the substrate 28, the partition wall 43 of the lower frame 30, and the partition wall 45 of the middle frame 32 overlap each other in the plane direction to form a meandering side wall, and the flow paths are divided by the upper surface of the bottom plate 53 of the substrate 28 and the bottom plate 86 of the upper frame 34, except for the side wall. The carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 is divided by the upper surface of the bottom plate 86 of the upper frame 34, the partition wall 47, and the lower surface of the cover plate 36.

The paths of the flow paths provided inside the supply/discharge section 2, the high-temperature reaction section 4, the low-temperature reaction section 6, and the connection pipe 8 are shown in fig. 14 and 15. Here, the correspondence relationship between fig. 14, 15 and 4 will be described, in which the gasification introduction passage 14 corresponds to the flow path of the gasifier 502, the shift flow paths 116, 118, 128 correspond to the flow path of the first shift 506, the shift flow path 150 corresponds to the flow path of the second shift 510, the flow path from the start end of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 to the end of the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46 corresponds to the carbon monoxide elimination device 512, the combustion flow path 26 corresponds to the flow path of the first combustor 504, and the combustion chambers 138, 140 correspond to the combustion chambers of the second combustor 508.

As shown in fig. 2 and 5, an insulating film, not shown, such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide is formed on the entire lower surface of low-temperature reaction section 6, that is, the lower surface of substrate 28, and the lower surface of high-temperature reaction section 4, that is, the lower surfaces of substrate 102 and connection pipe 8; the first heat generator 170 is disposed in a meandering pattern on the lower surface of the insulating film on the low-temperature reaction section 6 side so that at least a part of the flow paths of the first heat generator 170 and the carbon monoxide remover 512 overlap each other in a plan view; the second heating element 172 is disposed in a meandering pattern on the lower surface of the insulating film reaching the high-temperature reaction section 4 such that the second heating element 172 overlaps at least a part of the flow paths of the first converter 506 and the second converter 510 in a plan view.

The wires 171 and 171 are formed from the low-temperature reaction part 6 to the connection pipe 8 and connected to both ends of the second heating element 172.

An insulating film, not shown, such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide is formed on the side surface of the external flow pipe 10 or the surface of the combustor plate 12, and the third heating elements 174 are arranged in a pattern from the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction part 6 to the side surface of the external flow pipe 10 through the surface of the combustor plate 12.

The first to third heating elements 170, 172 and 174 are resistance heating elements that heat with the applied voltage, and the insulating film is interposed together with the wiring 171, whereby the first to third heating elements 170, 172 and 174 and the wiring 171 can prevent the connection pipe 8, the substrate 28, the substrate 102, the external flow tube 10, the burner plate 12, and the like made of a metal material from being short-circuited, and the heating efficiency of the first to third heating elements 170, 172 and 174 can be improved.

The first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174 and the wiring 171 are formed by laminating a bonding layer, a diffusion preventing layer, and a heating layer in this order from the insulating film side. The heat generating layer is a material (e.g., Au) having the lowest resistivity among the 3 layers, and when a voltage is applied to the first to third heat generating elements 170, 172, and 174, a current flows intensively, thereby generating heat. The diffusion preventing layer is made of a material that is hard to thermally diffuse into the diffusion preventing layer even if the first to third heat generating elements 170, 172, 174 generate heat, and the diffusion preventing layer is made of a material that is hard to thermally diffuse into the heat generating layer, and it is preferable to use a material (e.g., W) having a relatively high melting point and low reactivity. The adhesion layer is a layer used when the diffusion barrier layer has low adhesion to the insulating film and is easily peeled off, and is made of a material having high adhesion to both the diffusion barrier layer and the insulating film (for example, Ta, Mo, Ti, or Cr).

The wires 171 and 171 may be formed integrally with the second heating element 172 or may be formed separately, and preferably have the same resistance as the second heating element 172 or lower than the second heating element 172.

The first heating element 170, which is a heating element for the low temperature reaction part, heats the low temperature reaction part 6 at the time of starting, the second heating element 172, which is a heating element for the high temperature reaction part, heats the high temperature reaction part 4 and the connection pipe 8 at the time of starting, and the third heating element 174 heats the vaporizer 502 and the first burner 504 of the supply and discharge part 2. Thereafter, the second combustor 508 is burned by the exhaust gas containing hydrogen from the fuel cell, and the second heating element 172 serves as an auxiliary heating for the second combustor 508 to heat the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the connection pipe 8. Similarly, when the first combustor 504 is combusted by the exhaust gas containing hydrogen from the fuel cell, the first heat generator 170 heats the low-temperature reaction portion 6 as an auxiliary of the first combustor 504.

Since the first to third heating elements 170, 172, and 174 change their resistance depending on the temperature, they can also function as a temperature sensor capable of reading a temperature value from a resistance value corresponding to a predetermined applied voltage. Specifically, the resistances of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174 are proportional to the temperature. Since the first to third heating elements 170, 172 and 174 also function as temperature sensors, the temperature can be controlled without separately providing temperature sensors to the low temperature reaction part 6, the high temperature reaction part 8 and the connection pipe 8, and the number of parts and manufacturing cost can be reduced. When the second heating element 172 is used as a temperature sensor, the wire 171 and the second heating element 172 are preferably formed of the same material because the resistance of the wires 171 and 171 is also considered.

Further, the portions made of a non-conductive material (insulating material) such as ceramic may be formed in a film shape on the lower surfaces of the connection pipe 8, the substrate 28, and the substrate 102, the side surface of the external flow pipe 10, and the surface of the combustor plate 12, and the first to third heating elements 170, 172, and 174 and the wiring 171 may be formed on the non-conductive material portions. In this case, the mechanical strength of the connection pipe 8, the low-temperature reaction section 6, the high-temperature reaction section 4, the multi-tube material 10, and the combustor plate 12 is increased, and damage to these components can be prevented.

Any end portions of the first to third heat-generating bodies 170, 172, 174 are located below the base plate 28, and these end portions are arranged around the burner plate 12. First lead wires 176 and 178 as low-temperature reaction portion lead wires are connected to both ends of the first heat generating element 170, second lead wires 180 and 182 as high-temperature reaction portion lead wires are connected to both ends of the wires 171 and 171, and third lead wires 184 and 186 are connected to both ends of the third heat generating element 174. In fig. 3, the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174 and the first to third lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186 are not shown for easy viewing of the drawing.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the reaction apparatus 1000 of the present invention includes the above-described microreactor module 1, and further includes a heat-insulating casing 200, and the high-temperature reaction section 4, the low-temperature reaction section 6, and the connection pipe 8 are accommodated in the heat-insulating casing 200. The heat insulating case 200 is composed of a rectangular case 202 having an open lower surface and a substrate 204 for closing the open lower surface of the case 202, and the substrate 204 is bonded to the case 202 with a glass material or an insulating sealing material. Both the case 202 and the substrate 204 are made of a heat insulating material such as glass or ceramic, and a metal reflective film such as aluminum or gold is formed on the inner surface. If such a metal reflection film is formed, radiant heat from the supply and discharge part 2, the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 is reflected, thereby suppressing transmission to the outside of the heat insulating case 200. The internal space between the heat insulating case 200 and the microreactor module 1 is vacuum-exhausted so that the internal pressure becomes 1Pa or less. A part of the external flow pipe 10 of the supply/discharge unit 2 is exposed from the heat insulating case 200, connected to a fuel electrode of a power generation module 608 described later, and further connected to the fuel container 604 via the flow rate control unit 606.

A portion of the first to third leads 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186 is exposed from the heat insulating case 200. In order to prevent the external air from entering the heat insulating case 200 from the portions of the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to third lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186 exposed from the heat insulating case 200 and causing a void in which the internal pressure is increased, the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to third lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186 are bonded to the substrate 204 of the heat insulating case 200 with a glass material or an insulating sealing material. Since the internal pressure in the internal space of the heat insulating housing 200 can be kept low, the medium for transferring heat generated by the microreactor module 1 becomes thin, and thermal convection in the internal space is also suppressed, so that the heat retaining effect of the microreactor module 1 is increased.

In the space sealed by the heat insulating case 200, the connection pipe 8 having a predetermined distance exists between the high-temperature reaction portion 4 and the low-temperature reaction portion 6 of the microreactor module 1, but the volume of the connection pipe 8 is extremely small relative to the volumes of the high-temperature reaction portion 4 and the low-temperature reaction portion 6, so that heat transfer from the high-temperature reaction portion 4 to the low-temperature reaction portion 6 through the connection pipe 8 is suppressed, and the temperature of the high-temperature reaction portion 4 and the temperature in the low-temperature reaction portion 6 can be easily equalized while maintaining a thermal gradient necessary for the reaction between the high-temperature reaction portion 4 and the low-temperature reaction portion 6.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the surface of the low-temperature reaction portion 6 is provided with a gas-absorbing material 188 which is adsorbed to increase the pressure of the internal space of the heat-insulating casing 200 and thus to remove the gas from the internal space of the heat-insulating casing 200, such as a fluid obtained by leakage from the microreactor module 1 over time, a fluid generated from the microreactor module 1 over time, and a part of the outside air remaining due to insufficient vacuum evacuation when the casing 202 and the base plate 204 are joined, and the outside air which invades into the heat-insulating casing 200 over time. Heaters such as electric heating materials are provided on the air-intake material 188, and wiring 190 is connected to these heaters.

Both ends of the wiring 190 are positioned below the substrate 28 around the burner plate 12, and fourth lead wires 192 and 194 are connected to both ends of the wiring 190, respectively. The getter material 188 is activated by heating to have an adsorbing action, and examples of the material of the getter material 188 include alloys containing zirconium, barium, or titanium as a main component. In fig. 3, the lead wires 192 and 194 are not shown for easy viewing.

A part of the fourth lead wires 192 and 194 is exposed from the heat insulating case 200, and the fourth lead wires 192 and 194 are bonded to the substrate 204 of the heat insulating case 200 with a glass material or an insulating sealing material so that a gap in which external air enters the heat insulating case 200 from the exposed part and the internal pressure is increased is not generated. The wiring group 197 having the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 is preferably divided so that the intervals between the lead wires are uniform, and is preferably disposed around the outer flow tube 10.

The substrate 204 is provided with a through hole 195 for inserting the multi-tube 10 and a plurality of through holes 196 for inserting the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194, respectively, and these through holes 195, 196 are insulated and sealed by a glass material or an insulating sealant in a state where the multi-tube 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 are inserted into the through holes 195, 196.

The connection points of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174, the wiring 171 and the wiring 190 in the wiring group 197 of the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 are collected on the low-temperature reaction section 6 so as to surround the burner plate 12, and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 are led out from the collected points to the outside of the heat insulating case 200 through the substrate 204.

The external flow pipe 10 is in a state of protruding from both the inside and the outside of the heat insulating casing 200. Therefore, the external circulation pipe 10 is erected as a support on the substrate 204 inside the heat insulating case 200, the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 are supported by the external circulation pipe 10, and the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 are separated from the inner surface of the heat insulating case 200.

The external circulation pipe 10 is preferably located below the low-temperature reaction part 6 at the center of gravity of the whole of the high-temperature reaction part 4, the low-temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 in a plan view.

If the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 are provided in the high temperature reaction part 4, since the high temperature reaction part 4 needs to be maintained at a high temperature during operation, the amount of heat lost until the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 reach a high temperature, and the amount of heat lost by the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 to the heat insulating case 200 increases, but the amount of heat lost by the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 provided in the low temperature reaction part 6 is small, and the amount of heat released from the external circulation pipe 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 exposed to the outside of the heat insulating case 200 is also small, the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6 can be heated quickly, and the heating temperature can be easily and stably maintained.

The getter material 188 is provided on the surface of the low-temperature reaction section 6, and the position where the getter material 188 is provided is not particularly limited as long as it is inside the heat insulating case 200.

Next, the operation of the reaction apparatus 1000 including the microreactor module 1 will be described.

First, when a voltage is applied between the fourth wires 192 and 194, the getter material 188 is heated by the heater, and the getter material 188 is activated. This increases the pressure in the heat insulating casing 200, and the suction material 188 adsorbs the pressure, thereby increasing the degree of vacuum in the heat insulating casing 200 and improving the heat insulating efficiency.

When a voltage is applied between the first wires 176 and 178, the first heat generator 170 generates heat, and the low-temperature reaction part 6 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the second leads 180, 182 via the wiring 171, the second heating element 172 generates heat, and the high-temperature reaction part 4 is heated. When a voltage is applied between the third leads 184, 186, the third heating element 174 generates heat, and the supply and discharge unit 2 is heated mainly at the upper portion of the external circulation pipe 10. Since the supply and discharge part 2, the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 are made of a metal material, heat conduction is easily performed therebetween. The control device measures the potential or current caused by the voltage drop of each of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174, which are resistors whose resistance values depend on the temperature, measures the temperatures of the supply and discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4, and the low temperature reaction unit 6, feeds the measured temperatures back to the control device, and controls the output voltages of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174 so that the measured temperatures fall within a desired temperature range, thereby controlling the temperatures of the supply and discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4, and the low temperature reaction unit 6.

If the liquid mixture of the liquid fuel and water is continuously or intermittently supplied to the introduction path for vaporization 14 by a pump or the like in a state where the supply and discharge unit 2, the high temperature reaction unit 4, and the low temperature reaction unit 6 are heated by the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174, the liquid mixture is absorbed by the liquid absorbing material 33, and the liquid mixture permeates upward of the introduction path for vaporization 14 by capillary action. Since the liquid-absorbent material 33 is filled to the height of the burner plate 12, the liquid mixture in the liquid-absorbent material 33 is vaporized due to heat generation on the burner plate 12, and the gas mixture of fuel and water is evaporated from the liquid-absorbent material 33. Since the liquid absorbent material 33 is porous, the liquid mixture is vaporized in each of the chambers divided into a plurality of fine spaces, so that bumping in a large space can be suppressed and vaporization can be stabilized.

The gas mixture evaporated from the liquid absorbent 33 flows into the first converter 506 (the conversion channels 116, 118, and 128) through the through-hole 52, the gas mixture channel 38, the connection channel 162, and the supply channel 114. Thereafter, the mixture gas flows into the second converter 510 (the conversion flow path 150). When the mixture flows through the shift conversion passages 116, 118, 128, and 150, the mixture is heated and catalytically reacted to generate hydrogen gas or the like (when the fuel is methanol, see the above chemical reaction formulae (1) and (2)).

The mixed gas (containing hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide gas, and the like) generated in the first converter 506 and the second converter 510 flows to the mixed flow path 40 through the vent holes 156, 144, 130, 124, the discharge flow path 115, and the connection flow path 164. On the other hand, air is supplied from the air introduction passage 16 to the through-hole 60 by a pump or the like provided outside the microreactor module 1, and flows into the mixing flow path 40, whereby a mixture of hydrogen gas and the like is mixed with the air.

Then, the mixed gas containing air, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, and the like flows from the mixed gas flow path 40 to the carbon monoxide remover 512 (from the carbon monoxide removing flow path 84 to the carbon monoxide removing flow path 46) through the vent holes 66, 82, 88. When the mixed gas flows from the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 84 to the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46, the carbon monoxide gas in the mixed gas is selectively oxidized and removed. Here, the carbon monoxide gas does not react uniformly between the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 and the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46, and the reaction rate of the carbon monoxide gas becomes faster in the downstream of the route from the carbon monoxide removal flow path 84 to the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46 (mainly from the carbon monoxide removal flow path 80 to the carbon monoxide removal flow path 46). Since the oxidation reaction of the carbon monoxide gas is an exothermic reaction, heat is generated mainly in the portion from the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 80 to the carbon monoxide elimination flow path 46. Since the outer circulation pipe 10 is located below the portion, heat generated by the oxidation reaction of the carbon monoxide gas meets heat of the first combustor 504, and is effectively used for the vaporization heat of water and fuel in the gasifier 502.

The mixture gas from which carbon monoxide has been removed is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell and the like through the through-holes 54 and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24. In the fuel cell, electricity is generated by the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24, and an exhaust gas containing unreacted hydrogen gas and the like is discharged from the fuel cell.

The above operation is an initial operation, and the mixed liquid is continuously supplied to the introduction path for gasification 14 during power generation. Then, the air is mixed with the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell, and this air-fuel mixture (hereinafter referred to as a combustion air-fuel mixture) is supplied to the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 22 and the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 18. The combustion air-fuel mixture supplied to the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 22 flows into the combustion flow path 26 of the first combustor 504, and the combustion air-fuel mixture is combusted. Thereby, the first burner 504 surrounding the external circulation pipe 10 at the lower side of the low temperature reaction part 6 heats the external circulation pipe 10 and simultaneously heats the low temperature reaction part 6 to a low temperature. Therefore, the power consumption of the first and third heating elements 170 and 174 can be reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency can be improved.

On the other hand, the combustion air-fuel mixture supplied to the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 18 flows into the combustion chambers 138 and 140 of the second combustor 508, and the combustion air-fuel mixture is combusted. Combustion heat is thereby generated, heating the first converter 506 below the second combustor 508 and the second converter 510 above the second combustor 508 to a high temperature. Since the second burner 508 is vertically sandwiched between the first converter 506 and the second converter 510, efficient heat conduction in the planar direction is possible, and the portion exposed to the space sealed by the heat insulating case 200 is small, so that heat loss is small, the power consumption of the second heat generating element 172 can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of energy can be improved. Further, since the combustible hydrogen is not discharged to the outside of the power generation unit including the microreactor module 1 and the fuel cell at a high concentration, safety can be improved.

In addition, the liquid fuel stored in the fuel container is vaporized, and a combustion mixture of the vaporized fuel and air can be supplied to the combustion mixture introduction passages 18, 22.

In a state where the mixed liquid is supplied to the gasification introduction path 14 and the combustion mixture is supplied to the combustion mixture introduction paths 18 and 22, the control device controls the applied voltage of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, and 174 and the pump and the like while measuring the temperature by the resistance of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, and 174. When the control device controls the pump, the flow rate of the combustion air-fuel mixture supplied to the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passages 18, 22 is controlled, thereby controlling the combustion heat of the burners 504, 508. In this way, the control device controls the temperatures of the high temperature reaction part 4, the low temperature reaction part 6, and the supply and discharge part 2 by controlling the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174 and the pump.

The temperature is controlled so that the high temperature reaction section 4 is 250 to 400 ℃, preferably 300 to 380 ℃, and the low temperature reaction section 6 is lower than the high temperature reaction section 4, specifically 120 to 200 ℃, and more preferably 140 to 180 ℃. More specifically, as shown in fig. 13, the following temperature distribution is preferred: that is, the line L1 near the bottom plate 53 of the low-temperature reaction part 6 is 150 ℃, the line L2 at the upper end of the liquid-absorbent material 33 is 120 ℃, the line L3 at the outer surface of the base plate 204 is 80 ℃, and the line L4 below the liquid-absorbent material 33 is 65 ℃.

That is, in order to suppress heat released to the outside of the heat insulating casing 200 while keeping the inside of the heat insulating casing 200 at a high temperature, the external circulation pipe 10 and the pipe group 197 exposed from the heat insulating casing 200 are provided on the low-temperature reaction part 6 side, not on the high-temperature reaction part 4 side. Further, the first fuel container 504 is disposed only around the upper portion of the liquid absorbing material 33, so that the combustion heat of the first fuel container 504 is transferred to the external flow pipe 10, and the temperature of the liquid absorbing material 33 in the introduction path for vaporization 14 is gradually raised from the bottom to the top, whereby the fuel can be efficiently vaporized.

The fuel adsorbed to the liquid absorbing material 33 in the gasification introduction path 14 and the air introduced through the air introduction path 16 are heated not only by the combustion heat of the first burner 504 but also by the heat of the gas discharged in advance from the exhaust gas discharge path 20 and the hydrogen gas discharge path 24 before reaching the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6, respectively.

Similarly, the air-fuel mixture introduced from the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 18 and the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 22 is heated by the heat of the gas discharged in advance from the exhaust gas discharge passage 20 and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24 before reaching the second combustor 508 and the first combustor 504.

Therefore, while the fluids of the gasification introduction passage 14, the air introduction passage 16, the combustion mixture introduction passage 18, and the combustion mixture introduction passage 22 are heated by the heat of the fluids of the exhaust gas discharge passage 20 and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24, the fluids of the exhaust gas discharge passage 20 and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24 are cooled by the fluids of the gasification introduction passage 14, the air introduction passage 16, the combustion mixture introduction passage 18, and the combustion mixture introduction passage 22, and effective heat exchange can be performed.

Therefore, a cooling device for cooling the fluid in the exhaust gas discharge passage 20 and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24 may not be additionally used or may be downsized.

As shown in fig. 18, the above reaction apparatus 1000 can be used by being incorporated in a power generation unit 601. The power generation unit 601: the fuel cell system is provided with a frame 602, a fuel container 604 which is detachable from the frame 602, a flow rate control unit 606 having a flow path, a pump, a flow sensor, a valve, and the like, a microreactor module 1 (reaction device 1000) which is housed in a heat-insulating case 200, a power generation module 608 having a fuel cell, a humidifier for humidifying the fuel cell, a recovery device for recovering by-products generated in the fuel cell, and the like, an air pump 610 for supplying air (oxygen) to the microreactor module 1 and the power generation module 608, and a power supply unit 612 having a secondary cell, a DC-DC converter, an external interface for electrically connecting the power generation unit 601 to an external device driven by output power of the power generation unit 601, and the like. The mixed gas of water and liquid fuel in the fuel container 604 is supplied to the microreactor module 1 through the flow rate control means 606, whereby the above-described hydrogen rich gas is generated, the hydrogen rich gas is supplied to the fuel electrode of the power generation module 608 as a fuel cell, and the generated electricity is stored in the secondary cell of the power supply means 612.

Fig. 19 is a perspective view of an electronic device 701 using a power generation unit 601 as a power source. As shown in fig. 19, the electronic device 701 is a portable electronic device, in particular, a notebook computer. The electronic device 701 incorporates a calculation processing circuit including a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and other electronic components, and includes a lower case 704 having a keyboard 702 and an upper case 708 having a liquid crystal display 706. The structure is as follows: the lower case 704 and the upper case 708 may be coupled by a hinge portion 712, and the upper case 708 may be overlapped on the lower case 704, so that the liquid crystal display 706 can be folded in a state of being opposed to the keyboard 702. A mounting portion 710 for mounting the power generating unit 601 is concavely provided from the right side to the bottom surface of the lower case 704, and if the power generating unit 601 is mounted on the mounting portion 701, the electronic device 701 operates by the power of the power generating unit 601.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the microreactor module 1, the wiring group 197 of the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 which are only passed through the outside of the heat insulating casing 200 are collected in the low-temperature reaction portion 6, and extend from the collected portion to the outside of the heat insulating casing 200 through the heat insulating casing 200. That is, since the wires 171 and 171 are led back from the high-temperature reaction part 4 to the low-temperature reaction part 6 side and connected to the second leads 180 and 182 in order to heat the high-temperature reaction part 4, the heat heated by the second heating element 172 is not directly transmitted from the high-temperature reaction part 4 side to the outside of the heat insulating case 200 in the high-temperature reaction part 4 as it is, but is transmitted to the outside of the heat insulating case 200 after passing through the low-temperature reaction part 6 once. Therefore, since the wiring group 197 including the second wires 180, 182 connected to the second heating element 172 mainly has the temperature of the low temperature reaction section 6, even if the heat accumulated in the wiring group 197 leaks to the outside of the heat insulating case 200, the amount of heat is smaller than the amount of heat that the wiring connected to the high temperature reaction section 4 leaks to the outside when the wiring directly penetrates the heat insulating case 200 from the high temperature reaction section 4 side, for example.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, the internal space of the heat insulating housing 200 becomes a heat insulating space, the high temperature reaction portion 4 is separated from the low temperature reaction portion 6, and the distance from the high temperature reaction portion 4 to the low temperature reaction portion 6 becomes the length of the connection pipe 8. Therefore, the heat transfer path from the high-temperature reaction part 4 to the low-temperature reaction part 6 is limited to the connection pipe 8, and the heat transfer to the low-temperature reaction part 6 which does not require high temperature is limited. In particular, since the height and width of the connection pipe 8 are smaller than those of the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6, heat conduction through the connection pipe 8 is also suppressed as much as possible. Therefore, the temperature of the low temperature reaction part 6 can be suppressed from increasing to the set temperature or higher while the heat loss of the high temperature reaction part 4 can be suppressed. That is, even when the high temperature reaction portion 4 and the low temperature reaction portion 6 are accommodated in 1 heat insulating housing 200, a temperature difference can be generated between the high temperature reaction portion 4 and the low temperature reaction portion 6.

Further, since the connection channels 162, 164, 166, and 168 are concentrated in 1 connection pipe 8, stress generated in the connection pipe 8 and the like can be reduced. That is, the high temperature reaction part 4 expands more than the low temperature reaction part 6 because of a temperature difference between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the low temperature reaction part 6, but the stress generated in the connection pipe 8 and the like can be suppressed because the free end is formed except for the connection part between the high temperature reaction part 4 and the connection pipe 8. In particular, since the height and width of the connection pipe 8 are smaller than those of the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6, and the connection pipe 8 is connected to the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6 at the center in the width direction of the high-temperature reaction part 4 and the low-temperature reaction part 6, the generation of stress in the connection pipe 8, the high-temperature reaction part 4, and the low-temperature reaction part 6 can be suppressed.

Since one external flow pipe 10 is also connected between the low-temperature reaction part 6 and the heat insulating casing 200, stress generated in the external flow pipe 10 and the like can be reduced.

Further, if the flow paths 162, 164, 166, 168 are provided in different connection pipes and the connection pipes are installed between the high temperature reaction section 4 and the low temperature reaction section 6 in a separated state, stress is generated in the connection pipes, the low temperature reaction section 6, and the high temperature reaction section 4 due to a displacement difference between the low temperature reaction section 6 and the high temperature reaction section 4. In addition, since the temperature difference between the high temperature reaction part 4 at high temperature and the low temperature reaction part 6 at high temperature and the low temperature is larger than that of the low temperature reaction part 6, thermal expansion and contraction of the pipe material when the external circulation pipe material is arranged on the high temperature reaction part 4 side is larger than that when the external circulation pipe material is arranged on the low temperature reaction part 6 side, and thus the airtightness inside the heat insulating case 200 is easily broken. In the present embodiment, the occurrence of such stress can be suppressed and airtightness can be maintained.

The external circulation pipe 10 and the first to fourth lead wires 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 192, 194 extend to the outside of the heat insulating case 200, but all of them are connected to the low temperature reaction part 6. Therefore, direct heat release from the high-temperature reaction portion 4 to the outside of the heat insulating case 200 can be suppressed, and heat loss of the high-temperature reaction portion 4 can be reduced. Therefore, even when the high-temperature reaction section 4 and the low-temperature reaction section 6 are accommodated in 1 heat insulating casing 200, a temperature difference can be generated between the high-temperature reaction section 4 and the low-temperature reaction section 6. In particular, since the gasification introduction passage 14, the air introduction passage 16, the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 18, the exhaust gas discharge passage 20, the combustion air-fuel mixture introduction passage 22, and the hydrogen gas discharge passage 24 are provided together in 1 external circulation pipe 10, the area of the exposed surface of the pipe can be suppressed, heat dissipation from the surface of the pipe to the outside of the heat-insulating case 200 can be suppressed, and heat loss can be suppressed.

Since the lower surface of the connection pipe 8, the lower surface of the high-temperature reactor 4, and the lower surface of the low-temperature reaction part 6 are flush with each other, there is no step, the second heating element 172 and the wires 171, 171 can be relatively easily arranged in a pattern, and disconnection of the second heating element 172 and the wires 171, 171 can be suppressed.

Since the liquid absorbent material 33 is filled in the introduction path for vaporization 14 of the external circulation tube 10 and the introduction path for vaporization 14 is used as the vaporizer 502, the temperature state necessary for vaporization of the mixed liquid (the state in which the upper part of the introduction path for vaporization 14 is 120 ℃) can be achieved while downsizing and simplification of the microreactor module 1 are achieved.

Since the burner plate 12 is provided around the external flow pipe 10 at the upper end of the external flow pipe 10, the liquid absorbing material 33 in the gasifying introduction path 14 is filled up to the height position of the burner plate 12, and thus the combustion heat of the first burner 504 can be used more effectively for gasifying the mixed liquid.

In addition, in order to have a configuration in which the second combustor 508 is sandwiched between the first converter 506 and the second converter 510, the combustion heat of the second combustor 508 is uniformly conducted to the first converter 506 and the second converter 510, and a temperature difference is not generated between the first converter 506 and the second converter 510.

In any of the parts of the supply and discharge section 2, the high temperature reaction section 4, the low temperature reaction section 6, and the connection pipe 8, since the partition wall that divides the flow path is thinned, the heat capacity thereof can be reduced, and the supply and discharge section 2, the high temperature reaction section 4, the low temperature reaction section 6, and the connection pipe 8 can be immediately heated from room temperature to a high temperature in the initial stage of operation. Moreover, the power consumption of the first to third heating elements 170, 172, 174 can be reduced.

Claims (18)

1. A reaction apparatus, comprising: the heating element for the high-temperature reaction portion is connected to the heating element for the high-temperature reaction and leads back to the low-temperature reaction portion.

2. The reactor according to claim 1, which comprises a connecting pipe that spans between the high-temperature reaction section and the low-temperature reaction section and that transports a reactant and a product between the high-temperature reaction section and the low-temperature reaction section, and the wire is led back to the connecting pipe and then to the low-temperature reaction section.

3. The reaction apparatus of claim 2, wherein bottom surfaces of the high temperature reaction part, the low temperature reaction part, and the connection pipe exist on the same plane.

4. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an insulating film is formed on the high-temperature reaction part, and the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part is provided on the insulating film.

5. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a high-temperature reaction part pressure lead wire which is connected to the heating element for a high-temperature reaction part via the wiring and applies a voltage to the heating element for a high-temperature reaction part from outside.

6. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part functions as a temperature sensor.

7. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a heat insulating case that houses the low-temperature reaction part, the high-temperature reaction part, the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part, and the wiring.

8. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat-insulating case and a lead for high-temperature reaction section, wherein the heat-insulating case accommodates the low-temperature reaction section, the high-temperature reaction section, a heating element for the high-temperature reaction section, and a wiring; the high-temperature reaction portion lead is connected to the high-temperature reaction portion heating element through the wiring, is exposed from the heat insulating case, and applies a voltage to the high-temperature reaction portion heating element from the outside.

9. The reaction apparatus of claim 8, wherein the high temperature reaction part is provided on the low temperature reaction part with a wire.

10. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a heating element for a low-temperature reaction part provided in the low-temperature reaction part, and a lead wire for a low-temperature reaction part connected to the heating element for a low-temperature reaction part and applying a voltage to the heating element for a low-temperature reaction part from outside.

11. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a heat insulating case for accommodating the low-temperature reaction part, the high-temperature reaction part, and the heating element for the high-temperature reaction part; a high-temperature reaction portion lead wire which is connected to the high-temperature reaction portion heating element through the wiring, exposed from the heat insulating case, and applies a voltage to the high-temperature reaction portion heating element from the outside; a heating element for a low-temperature reaction section provided in the low-temperature reaction section; and a low-temperature reaction part lead wire which is connected to the low-temperature reaction part heating element, exposed from the heat insulating case, and applies a voltage to the low-temperature reaction part heating element from the outside.

12. The reaction apparatus of claim 11, wherein the wire for the high temperature reaction part and the wire for the low temperature reaction part are provided on the low temperature reaction part.

13. The reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature reaction part has a carbon monoxide remover.

14. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature reaction section has a reformer for reforming a fuel having a chemical composition containing hydrogen atoms to generate hydrogen.

15. The reaction apparatus of claim 1, wherein the low-temperature reaction part is mainly formed of a metal material.

16. The reaction apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high temperature reaction part is mainly formed of a metal material.

17. A fuel cell system comprising the reaction device according to claim 1.

18. An electronic device operated using the fuel cell system according to claim 17.