HK1100785B - Pneumatic plate element, pneumatic support structure and use of pneumatic plate element - Google Patents

Description

Pneumatic plate-shaped element, pneumatic support structure and use of pneumatic plate-shaped element

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a pneumatic plate-like member.

Background

Pneumatic structural elements or support bodies are known which consist of an inflatable hollow body and separate components for absorbing compressive and tensile forces. WO 01/73245(D1) represents the prior art described below.

The pressure-exerting hollow body serves primarily to stabilize the pressure element and prevent it from buckling in D1. For this purpose, the pressure element is connected in force-transmitting manner to the membrane of the hollow body over a part or over its entire length.

Furthermore, the height of the support element is defined by the hollow body, and furthermore the tension and pressure elements are spatially separated from one another. The structure disclosed in document D1 makes it possible to manufacture very light, yet more rigid and load-bearing aerodynamic structures. Nevertheless, the pneumatic structure described above has some drawbacks. The tensile forces in the hollow body membrane place high demands on the connection in the area of the membrane/pressure element connection with regard to tensile strength. Furthermore, the construction of such a connection is very complicated and therefore also expensive. Possible hollow bodies of structural elements are substantially limited to circular cross-sections. The support disclosed in D1 is basically a one-dimensional support structure. For roof structures covering large areas, i.e. substantially two-dimensional support structures, additional tensioned roof membranes are required between or on the support elements. Furthermore, the area of the membrane of the hollow body is large compared to the area covered by it (for a circular cross-section: circumference/diameter Pi, i.e. per m)²Coverage area is about 3.14m²Thin films) which also reflects a relatively high cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic support structure which eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks of the disclosed structure and which is constructed as a two-dimensional support structure, that is, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, which are structurally very complex and expensive.

This object is achieved by a pneumatic plate-shaped element having at least one hollow body of a flexible material which is gas-tight and can be subjected to pressure, and having at least two pressure/tension elements which comprise a hollow body and which are used to absorb pressure and tension forces, wherein each pressure/tension element is connected at its end to the end of the other pressure/tension element in a force-transmitting manner, wherein at least one hollow body is present between the pressure/tension elements which are connected at their ends to one another, wherein the pressure/tension elements are additionally connected to one another by means of at least one tension element, and wherein the tension elements can be pretensioned by means of at least one pressure-exerting hollow body.

Drawings

The subject matter of the invention will now be described in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1a, b show a first embodiment of a pneumatic plate-shaped element in longitudinal section and in cross section;

fig. 2 shows the principle of statics in a side view with the aid of a crossbeam;

fig. 3 to 5 show different embodiments of the pretensioned tension element in a side view;

fig. 6 to 8 show different variants of the gas-tight passage of the pretensioned tensioning elements through the hollow body film in longitudinal section;

fig. 9, 10 show two exemplary embodiments of the pre-tensioned pulling means through the hollow body in longitudinal section;

fig. 11 to 13 show different embodiments of the pretensioned tensioning element in cross section;

FIGS. 14-17 show different shape variants of the aerodynamic plate-shaped element in longitudinal section;

FIG. 18 shows in longitudinal section an embodiment of a plate-like element having a shape different from the shape of the hollow body;

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of a plate-shaped element with a plurality of hollow bodies oriented transversely to the direction of the compression/tension element in longitudinal section;

fig. 20 shows in longitudinal section an embodiment of a separable plate-like element in a separated state;

FIG. 21 shows in isometric view a plate embodiment with compression/tension members arranged in only one direction;

FIG. 22 illustrates, at an isometric view, a pressure plate embodiment having a variant cross-section;

FIG. 23 illustrates, in an isometric view, an embodiment of a lateral reinforcement of a pressure member;

FIG. 24 shows in an isometric view a pressure member embodiment with only a large void;

FIG. 25 shows in an isometric view a plate embodiment with compression/tension members arranged in two directions;

FIG. 26 shows in isometric view a plate embodiment of a compression/tension member having a polygonal configuration;

FIG. 27 shows an isometric view of a roof embodiment comprised of plate-like members;

FIG. 28 shows a combination of a plurality of polygonal plate-like members in an overhead perspective view;

FIG. 29 shows in schematic isometric view a combination of a plurality of rectangular plate-like members;

FIG. 30 shows a combination of two rectangular plate-like members in a schematic isometric view;

fig. 31a, b show a plate-like element embodiment with a pressure/tension element in a schematic split isometric and top view;

fig. 32 shows a second embodiment of a plate-shaped element with a compression/tension element in a top view.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1a, b show a first embodiment of a pneumatic plate-like element 1. Fig. 1a and 1b show the gas panel 1 in longitudinal section BB and in cross section AA, respectively. The two pressure/tension elements 2 are connected to one another at their ends in a force-transmitting manner and surround a hollow body 3, which is made of a flexible film 9 and can be pressurized. The membrane 9, due to the low tensile stresses acting on it, can be made, for example, from a highly transparent and very thin membrane of a partially fluorinated thermoplastic (e.g. ETFE, ethylene-teflon-ethylene).

The pressure/tension element 2 is suitable both for absorbing tensile forces and compressive forces and consists, for example, of steel or wood. The two pressure/tension elements 2 are spaced apart, for example, at regular intervalsaAre connected to one another in a force-transmitting manner by means of tension elements 4 which absorb only tensile forces. These tension elements 4 penetrate the hollow body 3. They pass, for example, through a gas-tight passage 5 through the hollow body 3. The hollow body 3 is not connected to the pressure/tension element 2. The pneumatic plate element 1 is supported on the vertical column 17 essentially in the region of the force-transmitting connection of the pressure/tension element 2.

If a pressure is applied to the hollow body 3, the pressure/tension element 2 is pressed open and the tension element 4 is pretensioned. If the plate-shaped element 1 is subjected to a transverse force, a compressive force acts on the compression/tension element 2 above the hollow body 3 and a tensile force acts on the compression/tension element 2 passing below the hollow body 3. The pressure/tension elements 2 subjected to pressure tend to bend longitudinally under load. The connecting point 6 between the pressure/tension element 2 and the pretensioned tension element 4 is used as a central column 18 of the pressure/tension element 2 and forms, as seen from the point of view of the statics of the pressure/tension element 2 which is subjected to the pressure, a pressure bar or a pressure disk with a force which is applied as a function of the pretensioning of the tension element 4 and as a function of the transverse loadFA fixed or resilient central upright 18. Fig. 2 shows a substantially equivalent static situation for the purpose of illustrating a cross member supported on a plurality of fixed center posts 18 midway between two posts 17.

For the sake of simplicity, the aerodynamic plate 1 is assumed to pass through gravitational forces, for exampleFResulting in a unilateral stress condition. The pressure/tension elements 2 which are subjected to pressure forces above are therefore generally referred to as pressure elements 7, while the pressure/tension elements 2 which are subjected to tension forces below are generally referred to as tension elements 8. In the event that such a unilateral force application is never reversed, the tension/compression element 2, which is always subjected to tensile forces, is also of course designed as a pure tension element 8, which is only subjected to tensile forces and can be subjected to tensile forces. For example, wire ropes or cables can be used for this purpose. In the case of roofs, however, the weight of the roof structure is compensated for excessively by the wind and therefore also stresses are applied to the lower compression/tension elements 2. The alternating pressure or tension forces exerted by the pressure/tension elements 2 also occur, for example, in the case of vertically oriented plates when used as walls.

As long as the pretensioning force of the vertical tension element 4 is greater than the securing force required to prevent longitudinal bending of the pressure element 7, the connecting point 6 serves as a provisional fastening of the center pillar. Only if the required fixing force exceeds the pretensioning force of the pretensioned tensioning element 4 does the connecting point 6 deflect. Overpressure in the hollow body 3pThe distance between the pretensioned tension elements 4aAnd the width and height of the pressure element 7 are selected such that, for a given load of the plate-shaped element 1, the pretensioning force is always significantly greater than the securing force required to prevent buckling. In this respect, the pitch is appliedaThe smaller the pretensioning force of the pretensioned tension element 4 to secure the pressure element 7. Distance between each otheraThe greater this steady pretension force, however, also increases the length of the pressure element 7 that is not steady and unsupported, so that even with a low axial pressure on the pressure element 7, it can be bent longitudinally. The best distribution and number of the pretensioning tension elements 4 with respect to stability and weight can be numerically optimized depending on the situation.

Fig. 3 to 5 show various variants of tensioning of the tension element 4 between the compression/tension elements 2. The hollow body 3 is not shown in these figures. Fig. 3 shows different inclination angles of the tension element 4 and a plurality of tension elements 4 connected to the pressure element 7 at substantially the same point by means of the connecting points 6. Fig. 4 shows the construction of the pretensioned tension element 4 with a vertical plane of symmetry and fig. 5 shows the construction with a horizontal and a vertical plane of symmetry. The symmetry plane is shown with a dashed line.

Fig. 6-8 show different embodiments of the connection between the film 9 and the pretensioned tension element 4, which allows the release of details. Fig. 6 and 7 show variants of this type of connection which are implemented in a force-transmitting manner in the axial direction of the tension element 4. In fig. 6, the connection is made by gluing or welding, and in fig. 7 by a connecting element 10, which connects the pretensioned tension element 4 to the compression/tension element 2 and at the same time closes it in a gas-tight and force-transmitting manner through the film 9. The connecting element 10 can be made, for example, of extruded PVC or of metal.

Fig. 8 shows a variant with a gas-tight opening in the film 9, which opening is moved along the tension element 4. The suspension ring 11 is formed on the film 9 and is closed in a gas-tight manner by means of a sealing element 12 through the pretensioned tension element 4.

Fig. 9 shows a longitudinal section through the plate-like element 1 in the region of the pretensioned tension element 4. This variant of the pulling means 4 through the hollow body 3 is the same as that shown in fig. 1a, b. A passage 5 is formed in the hollow body 3 through which the tension element 4 passes.

Fig. 10 shows such a longitudinal section through the channel 5 in detail. The end piece 13 has an opening for receiving the tension element 4. The end piece 13 can also be produced, for example, from extruded PVC at a low cost and high quality. The end piece has means for this purpose for air-tight clamping of the membrane 9. The end piece 13 may also be connected to the membrane 9 by gluing or welding. In this case, the end piece 13 does not require a film clamping device. The hose 14, which is fitted over the two end pieces 13, forms the channel 5 in which the ambient pressure prevails. Other solutions are known to the expert, such as an end piece 13 which can be formed with a film clamping device and a tube 19 on which, for example, a hose 14 is fitted. The two end pieces 13 connected to the tube 19 or the hose 14 are dimensioned such that they can penetrate into the interior of the hollow body 3 through the openings in the membrane 9 and are connected from the inside to the membrane 9.

Fig. 11 to 13 show different variants of the design of the pretensioned tension element 4 in cross section. As shown in fig. 11, it is also possible to pass more than one tension element 4 through the hollow body 3 side by side. Furthermore, the tension elements 4, which are pretensioned outside the hollow body 3, can connect the compression/tension elements 2 to one another (fig. 12, 13). Furthermore, it is conceivable and according to the invention to arrange a plurality of tubular hollow bodies 3 on the plate-shaped pressure/tension elements 2 side by side in the direction of the pressure/tension elements 2 between the pressure/tension elements 2 (fig. 13).

Fig. 14 to 17 show different possible longitudinal cross-sectional shapes of the pneumatic plate element 1, wherein only the pressure/tension element 2 and the tension element 4 are shown schematically. Fig. 14 shows a substantially rectangular longitudinal section, in which the two pressure/tension elements 2 run largely parallel. Fig. 15 shows a symmetrical linear longitudinal section and fig. 16 shows an asymmetrical linear longitudinal section. As shown in fig. 17, the cross section may be an arc-shaped vertical cross section.

Fig. 18 shows an embodiment of the pneumatic plate element 1, in which the shape of the hollow body 3 and the recess defined by the pressure/tension element 2 differ in longitudinal section. The hollow body 3 may also only partially fill the gap.

Fig. 19 shows a plate-shaped element 1 with a plurality of tubular hollow bodies 3, which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 13, are arranged transversely to the direction of the pressure/tension element 2.

The plate-like member 1 shown in fig. 20 is divided into a plurality of parts in the direction of the compression/tension member 2. These parts are shown in a separated state in longitudinal section. The individual components are connected by force-transmitting, flexurally rigid connections to form a complete compression/tension element 2 by means of connecting elements 20. The advantage of the split is that the components are easy to transport. At the same time, all the pressure/tension elements 2 of the front and rear embodiments can also be designed separately.

In the following figures several possible embodiments of the pneumatic plate 1 or the plate 1 combination are shown. In these exemplary embodiments, the advantage is further achieved over the prior art that not only a substantially tubular support body can be formed, but also the open design with the pretensioned vertical tension elements 4 can have a greater degree of structural freedom and shape versatility. In particular, a planar plate-shaped support can be produced.

Fig. 21 shows schematically an isometric view of a pneumatic plate-like element 1 with directionally parallel distributed compression/tension elements 2. The pressure/tension elements 2 are formed in pairs, the pressure/tension elements 2 being located above the hollow body 3 and the pressure/tension elements 2 being located below the hollow body 3. The single hollow body 3 generates the pretensioning force of the tension elements 4 of the three pairs of tension/compression elements 2. In this illustration, only the pressure/tension element 2 is shown and the hollow body 3 is shown with additional lines. Between the pair of pressure/tension elements 2, a pretensioned tension element 4, which is not shown in this and the following figures, is distributed.

In fig. 22, three pressure plates with a cross section that narrows toward the center are used as the pressure members 7. At its flat end, the three pressure plates form a continuous through edge.

In fig. 23, the pressure element 7 is additionally reinforced with cross braces 15 and wind-resistant diagonal members 16. Fig. 24 finally shows an embodiment with a single plate-shaped pressure element 7 with a large gap. These voids may be of any size, configuration, number and shape and serve primarily to reduce weight. It is clear from this embodiment that the pressure/tension elements do not necessarily have to be present in pairs. A single plate-shaped pressure element 7 can be connected at its ends to a plurality of tension elements 8 or pressure/tension elements 2.

Fig. 25-27 show an embodiment of a pneumatic plate-like element 1 with pressure/tension elements 2 arranged in two or more directions. In fig. 25, four pairs of pressure/tension elements 2 form a point of intersection, which forms an octagonal plane through the hollow body 3. The pressure/tension elements 2 are here arranged orthogonally to one another.

Fig. 26 shows an embodiment of the plate-like element 1 in a polygonal plan design. Three pairs of pressure/tension elements 2 are arranged in a star shape. The angle between each pair of pressure/tension members 2 can be chosen arbitrarily. Furthermore, the pressure/tension elements 2 cross at different and multiple points.

Fig. 27 shows another embodiment of a plate-like element 1 with pressure/tension elements 2 arranged in two directions. The three interconnected intersections formed by the two respective pairs of pressure/tension elements 2 form a rectangular large plate-shaped element 1 with the hollow body 3. Each pressure element 7 must lie flat on the upright 17 at both ends. The function of the upright 17 for the roof can be assumed, for example, by means of a pillar.

Fig. 28 shows in a perspective view in the sky that plate elements 1 in a hexagonal plan design can be arbitrarily combined into larger planes.

Fig. 29 and 30 show other combinations of a plurality of plate-shaped elements 1 in a larger planar structure on the basis of rectangular plate-shaped elements 1. Fig. 29 shows a plane consisting of six plate-shaped elements 1 with pressure/tension elements 2 arranged in two directions in a schematic isometric view. Fig. 30 shows schematically, by means of a compression/tension element 2, the same plane consisting of two plate-shaped elements 1 with compression/tension elements 2 arranged in four directions.

In the case of roofs, for example, the thermal insulation capacity of the plate-shaped element 1 can be significantly increased by virtue of the reduced convective heat transfer by means of one or more membranes which penetrate horizontally into the hollow body 3 and are always positioned with the textile webs. For safety reasons, the large hollow body 3 can be divided into a plurality of gas-tight chambers facing one another, so that in the event of a membrane failure, the entire hollow body 3 is not subjected to a pressure loss, but only one or a part of the chambers fails. In the case of hollow bodies 3 which expand more than 10m, compressed air can also be applied instead of a compressor, for example by means of a blower, because of the relatively low pressure required of less than 100 mbar.

Fig. 31a, b schematically show another embodiment of the basic principle of the invention shown above. The pressure/tension elements 2 can be formed as planar polygonal meshes which are composed of a plurality of partial elements 21 connected together by means of connecting elements 22 and form a pressure/tension mesh 23. Two such pressure/tension grids 23 comprise one or more hollow bodies 3 and are connected by means of tension elements 4. On the connecting elements 22, in which the partial parts 2 are in contact with one another, the two pressure/tension grids 23 are connected to at least one tension element 4, as long as the partial parts 21, which are composed of different pressure/tension grids 23, do not come into direct contact with one another, as are the connecting elements 22, which are located on the struts 17, for example on the edge of the plate-shaped element 1 or within the plane of the plate-shaped element 1. Furthermore, other tension elements 4 can also be arranged along the partial elements 21. The plate-shaped element in fig. 25 can, for example, instead of four interconnected through-going pressure/tension elements 2, also be made of twelve partial elements 21 forming a pressure/tension network with four connecting elements 22. The connection 22 must absorb the compressive and/or tensile stresses and continue to conduct depending on the manner of loading. The connecting element 22 can be realized, for example, by means of an additional connecting element, by means of a hinge or also by means of a non-releasable fixed connection, for example by welding or gluing.

Fig. 31a shows an isometric view of the plate element 1, wherein the upper pressure/tension grid 23 is shown separated from the lower part for easy viewing, the hollow body 3 is eliminated and the distribution of the tension elements 4 is illustrated with dashed lines over several connecting elements 22.

Fig. 31b shows a schematic top view of the embodiment of fig. 31 a.

Fig. 32 shows another variant in which the pressure/tension element can be divided into a plurality of sub-elements 21. In fig. 32 it is envisaged that one or more additional uprights 17 are present within the plane of the plate element 1, including the uprights 17 on the edges of the pressure/tension grid 23. The hollow body 3 is annular, to be precise essentially toroidal, in the case of the additional vertical column 17 in the center of the compression/tension net, and the upper and lower compression/tension grids 23 are in contact with each other on the column 17 or are connected by means of vertical compression elements.

The pneumatic support structure may be composed of a plurality of plate-like members 1. The plate-shaped element 1 with the pressure/tension grid 23 can have essentially any planar shape. The architect or engineer has a very large degree of structural freedom, particularly in the combination of a plurality of plate-like elements 1.

The mesh shape and mesh width of the pressure/tension mesh 23 can be matched to the actual stress distribution on the plate-like element 1. The segments 21 may have different lengths, shapes and stabilities and be made of different materials. For example, the stresses occurring at the edges of the plate-like element 1 in the region of the struts 17 can be higher than the stresses within the plane of the pressure/tension network 23.

The pneumatic plate-like element 1 according to the invention with a pressure/tension grid 23 is particularly suitable for flat distributed loads, such as for example loads on roof structures due to snow and wind.

It goes without saying that the plate-like elements 1 can be of many other shapes and that they can also be connected in various ways to form a larger planar structure. Starting from the basic principle shown in fig. 1, the pressure/tension elements 2 can be distributed in any direction and number over the surface of at least one hollow body 3, and the hollow body or bodies 3 can take any shape.

In the case of the use of the plate-shaped element 1 as a floating rigid container, the hollow body 3 can also be filled with a liquid, for example with gasoline or oil. Such containers may be used as static fuel tanks or they may be very suitable for towing by a ship due to their rigidity.

If the hollow body 3 is instead supplied with a gas lighter than air, the weight of the plate 1 can be reduced to some extent, so that the entire component can float and rise statically.

Claims (34)

1. A pneumatic plate-shaped member (1),

-having at least one hollow body (3) of flexible material which is gas-tight and pressure-applicable,

-also at least two pressure/tension elements (2) comprising hollow bodies (3) for absorbing pressure and tension forces,

-wherein each pressure/tension element (2) is connected in force connection at its end with the end of the other pressure/tension element (2),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-at least one hollow body (3) is present between the pressure/tension elements (2) which are connected to one another at their ends,

-the pressure/tension elements (2) are additionally connected to each other by at least one tension element (4),

the tension element (4) can be pretensioned by means of at least one pressure-exerting hollow body (3).

2. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the pretensioning force on at least one tension element (4) is greater than the required stabilizing force to prevent longitudinal bending of the axially stressed compression/tension element (2).

3. Aerodynamic plate-like element (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure/tension element (2) which is always subjected to pressure in the axial direction is formed as a pure pressure element (7), and the pressure/tension element (2) which is always subjected to tension in the axial direction is formed as a pure tension element (8).

4. Aerodynamic plate-like element (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pretensioned tension element (4) penetrates the hollow body (3).

5. Aerodynamic plate-like element (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it has pre-tensioned tension elements (4) which pass both through the hollow body (3) and outside the hollow body (3).

6. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the tension element (4) penetrates the hollow body (3) without a force-transmitting connection between the membrane (9) and the tension element (4) in the direction of the tension element (4).

7. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 6, wherein the tension element (4) is passed through a suspension ring (11) mounted on the membrane (9), wherein the suspension ring (11) is closed gas-tight by means of a sealing element (12) on the tension element (4), and wherein the suspension ring (11) together with the sealing element (12) is axially displaceable on the tension element (4).

8. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the pulling element (4) passes through an airtight passage (5) in the hollow body (3).

9. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 8, characterised in that the channel (5) is formed by two end pieces (13) which are connected to each other by means of a tube (19) and can be introduced into the hollow body (3) through openings in the membrane (9), wherein the end pieces (13) can subsequently be connected air-tightly to the membrane (9) by clamping, gluing or welding and together with the tube (19) form an air-tight channel (5) through the hollow body (3).

10. Aerodynamic plate-like element (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the tube (19) is formed by a hose (14) which is gas-tightly fixed to both end pieces (13).

11. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least two parallel hollow bodies (3) in the direction of the pressure/tension element (2).

12. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least two parallel hollow bodies (3) transversely to the direction of the pressure/tension element (2).

13. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic plate-like element (1) is divisible into at least two parts in the direction of the pressure/tension element (2), wherein the component parts of the pressure/tension element (2) are connected to one another in a releasable, flexurally rigid and force-transmitting manner by means of a connecting element (20).

14. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least two pairs of pressure/tension elements (2) arranged parallel to each other and connected end to end.

15. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a plate-like pressure/tension element (2) the cross section of which varies over the length of the pressure/tension element.

16. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that there are lateral supports (15) laterally between the pressure/tension elements (2) or wind-break diagonal bars (16) diagonally between the pressure/tension elements (2) for reinforcement.

17. Aerodynamic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one pressure/tension element (2) is a plate with voids.

18. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure/tension elements (2) of each pair, which are connected to each other at their ends, are arranged so that their ends form a polygon.

19. Aerodynamic plate element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one horizontal intermediate film is inserted inside the hollow body (3), which film increases the thermal insulation value of the hollow body (3) and reduces the convective heat transfer in the vertical direction.

20. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the pressure/tension element (2) is a planar, polygonal pressure/tension grid (23) and that the pressure/tension grid (23) itself consists of a plurality of partial elements (21) which are joined in a force-fitting connection by means of connecting elements (22).

21. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that a pair of pressure/tension grids (23) are connected to each other by means of tension elements (4) at least on all connecting elements (22).

22. Aerodynamic plate element (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that the sub-elements (21) and the connecting pieces (22) are integrated with the membrane (9) of the hollow body (3).

23. Aerodynamic plate element (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that the partial elements (21) consist of fibre-reinforced flexible plastic strips.

24. Aerodynamic plate-like element (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that the aerodynamic plate-like element (1) is integrally formed foldable or rollable, including the membrane of the hollow body (3) and the partial elements (21).

25. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that only the partial elements (21) which are subjected to tensile forces are formed as pure tensile elements.

26. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (3) is divided by means of gas-tight partitions into a plurality of cavities which can be pressurized independently of one another.

27. Pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that the pressure/tension grid is formed by different sub-elements (21) of different shape and thickness.

28. Pneumatic support structure consisting of pneumatic plate-like elements (1) according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that a plurality of plate-like elements (1) are connected in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure.

29. Use of a plurality of pneumatic plate-like elements (1) according to any one of claims 1-19 to be combined into a connected larger planar structure.

30. Use of an aerodynamic plate (1) according to any one of claims 1-20 as a roof.

31. Use of a pneumatic plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20 as a bridge.

32. Use of a pneumatic plate (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20 as a floating rigid container.

33. Use of a pneumatic plate-shaped element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20 as a floating rigid transport or storage container in the case of a liquid application to at least one hollow body (3).

34. Use of a pneumatic plate-like element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20 as a floating or partially floating roof, with application of lighter-than-air gas to at least one hollow body (3).