HK1100049B - Recording apparatus and recording method - Google Patents

Description

Recording apparatus and recording method

This application claims priority from korean patent application No. 2003-88169, filed in korean intellectual property office at 5.12.2003, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a recording apparatus, a recording method, and an information recording medium for recording data on an optical information recording medium.

Background

Data cannot be overwritten on the write-once medium due to the write-once characteristics of the write-once medium. Thus, a specific recording method such as a write-once disc recording method, a track unit sequential recording method, and the like have been used for write-once media.

Fig. 1 illustrates a conventional method of recording a file system on a write-once information recording medium. For example, as shown in fig. 1, data may be recorded on the write-once information recording medium as shown in fig. 1. In other words, when the first file system 110 is recorded in the first location of the write-once information recording medium 100 and then the first data 120 is recorded, the second file system 130 updated by reading the recording of the first data 120 is recorded next to the first data 120. Similarly, when the second data 140 is recorded next to the second file system 130, the third file system 150 updated by reading the recording of the second data 140 is recorded next to the second data 140. Thus, information related to a file system is located in several areas of a conventional write-once information recording medium, which makes a reproduction rate slow.

Commands for recording data on an information recording medium are generally classified into two types: a write command for recording simple data and a verify-after-write command for verifying data after recording data for reliability of the data. For data requiring high reliability, such as file system data, a verify-after-write command is executed. This is because, when the file system data cannot be reproduced, reproduction cannot be performed on the entire information recording medium. Thus, when it is determined that the reliability of data is deteriorated by a verification procedure after writing data, a verify-after-write command is executed using a defect management method to secure the reliability of data.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem

However, in the case where the host desires to update data in the recording area of the write-once information recording medium, the host cannot update data using only the above-described two commands. Therefore, a method of updating data on a write-once information recording medium similar to the method used on the overwrite information recording medium is required.

Technical solution

The invention provides a recording apparatus, a recording method, and an information recording medium for updating data when fixing a logical address of the data.

Advantageous effects

In the recording apparatus, the recording method, and the information recording medium according to the present invention, data can be updated on the write-once information recording medium while fixing logical addresses of the data recorded in the user data area. Thus, the host can easily manage and update data.

In particular, even on a write-once information recording medium such as DVD-R/DVD + R, the replacement forced write command makes it easier to search for information of a file system. As a result, the performance of the system can be improved.

Repeated rewriting of information on an overwrite information recording medium deteriorates the characteristics of the overwrite information recording medium, which reduces data reliability. Thus, the rewriting is limited to a predetermined number of times. After a predetermined number of times, the number of times the rewriting is performed must be counted. However, the overwrite may be performed using a replace force write command. Further, although the updated data is referred to as file system data, the updated data is not limited to the file system data. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the recording method of the present invention can be applied to user data.

Drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates a conventional method of recording a file system on a write-once information recording medium;

fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a detailed block diagram of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus of fig. 2;

FIG. 4 is a reference diagram showing extents to which the present invention is applied;

FIGS. 5A through 5D are diagrams illustrating an extent in which a write operation is performed in accordance with a replace force write command of the present invention;

fig. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a defect list according to an aspect of the present invention;

fig. 7A and 7B are reference diagrams illustrating directions of used extents when performing recording according to the replacement force write command of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a recording operation performed in place of a forced write command according to the present invention; and

fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a data adding operation performed in place of a forced write command according to the present invention.

Best mode for carrying out the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording apparatus including: a writing and/or reading unit writing and/or reading data to and/or from a write-once storage medium including a user data area recording user data and a spare area recording replacement data, wherein the replacement data is used to update the user data; and a controller receiving a replacement enforcement write command for updating the user data and the replacement data from the host, and controlling the write/read unit to write the replacement data in the spare area according to the replacement enforcement write command, the replacement enforcement write command being a command indicating that the replacement data for updating the user data is recorded in the spare area by using a disc defect management method.

According to an aspect of the invention, the controller controls the writing and/or reading unit to record a defect list on the information recording medium, the defect list including information on a physical address of user data recorded in the user data area and information on a physical address of replacement data recorded in the spare area.

According to an aspect of the invention, the spare area is scalable.

According to an aspect of the invention, the user data comprises file system data.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a host device for controlling a recording apparatus as described above to record data on a write-once storage medium: wherein the host apparatus controls to transmit a replacement enforcement write command to the recording device to record replacement data on the medium, the replacement enforcement write command being a command indicating that replacement data for updating user data is recorded in a spare area by using a disc defect management method, wherein the medium includes a user data area in which the user data is recorded and the spare area in which the replacement data for updating the user data is recorded.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of recording data on a write-once storage medium using a recording apparatus, including: receiving a replacement forced write command for controlling recording of updated user data when updating the user data recorded in a user data area of the medium, the replacement forced write command being a command indicating that replacement data for updating the user data is recorded in a spare area by using a disc defect management method; recording replacement data in a spare area of the medium according to the replacement-forcing write command; and recording a defect list on the medium, the defect list including information of physical addresses of user data recorded in the user data area and information of physical addresses of replacement data recorded in the spare area.

Modes for carrying out the invention

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain the present invention by referring to the figures.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the recording and/or reproducing apparatus 200 performs recording and/or reproduction, and includes a writing and/or reading unit 220 and a controller 210. The writing and/or reading unit 220 records data from a disc 230, which is an information recording medium, and/or reads data from the disc 230 to reproduce the data under the control of the controller 210. The controller 210 controls the writing and/or reading unit 220 to record data in each predetermined recording unit block or processes the data read by the writing and/or reading unit 220 to obtain valid data.

During a recording operation, the controller 210 receives a replacement enforcement write command (replacement enforcement write command) from the host 240 and controls the writing and/or reading unit 220 to record data according to the replacement enforcement write command. The replacement forced write command updates data recorded on the disc 230 using a disc defect management method.

A disc defect management method manages disc defects to improve reliability of data recorded on a disc. Disc defect management methods are classified into a slipping replacement method and a linear replacement method. In the slipping replacement method, a defect detected in an initial process of using a disc is processed. In the linear replacement method, an Error Correction Code (ECC) block including a defective sector where a defect occurs during use of the disc is replaced with a non-defective ECC block of the spare area.

For example, in the slipping replacement method, a defective sector having a defect detected in an inspection process for checking a disc defect during disc initialization is not assigned a logical sector number. The logical number of the defective sector is assigned to the sector next to the defective sector. As a result, by slipping through a defective sector during recording or reproducing data, a decrease in recording or reproducing rate caused by the defect is reduced.

However, when a defect occurs during the use of the disc, a logical sector number is discontinuously allocated due to slipping of a defective sector, so that the slipping replacement method cannot be used. Thus, in order to replace an ECC block having a defective sector with an ECC block of a spare area, a linear replacement method is used for a defect occurring during use of a disc.

When the controller 210 executes the replacement forced write command received from the host 240, one of the defect management methods described above may be used. The foregoing process will be explained in detail below.

During reproduction, the controller 210 controls the writing and/or reading unit 220 to record data using a file system recording method that has been used for the disc 230. For example, the controller 210 controls the writing and/or reading unit 220 to read defect list information stored in a predetermined portion of the disc 230 to detect a physical location where data is stored, so that the data can be read from the physical location.

Fig. 3 is a detailed block diagram of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus of fig. 2. Referring to fig. 3, a disc drive (recording and/or reproducing apparatus) includes a pickup 250 as a writing and/or reading unit 220. The disc 230 is mounted in the pickup 250. The disc drive further includes a controller 210, and the controller 210 includes a host interface (I/F)211, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)212, a radio frequency amplifier (RF AMP)213, a servo 214, and a system controller 215.

During recording, the host I/F211 receives a replacement forced write command and data to be updated and information related to a logical address of the data from the host 240, and transmits the replacement forced write command to the system controller 215.

The system controller 215 receives a replacement force write command from the host I/F211 to perform a recording initialization process. Specifically, the system controller 215 analyzes the replacement enforcement write command and controls recording performance according to the analyzed replacement enforcement write command. For example, when the system controller 215 receives the replacement forced write command, the system controller 215 searches for an address of a region in which data to be updated is to be recorded, i.e., an address of an unused region, and controls the DSP 212 and the servo 214 to record the data to be updated in the address. After finishing recording the data to be updated, the system controller 215 generates a defect list including information on a physical address in which the data to be updated is recorded (even when the data has been updated several times according to the replacement forced write command) and information on a physical address in which the updated data is recorded, and controls the recording of the defect list in a predetermined area of the disc 230.

As described above, according to the replacement forced write command of the present invention, when data is updated, a table for managing changed physical addresses can be provided without changing logical addresses of the data. As a result, the information related to the data can be obtained from the fixed position of the overwrite information recording medium.

The DSP 212 receives data to be recorded from the host I/F211, adds additional data such as parity bits to the data for error correction, performs ECC encoding on the data, generates an ECC block, and modulates the ECC block using a predetermined method. The RF AMP 213 converts data output from the DSP 212 into an RF signal. The pickup 250 records the RF signal output from the RF AMP 213 on the disc 230. The servo 214 receives a servo control command from the system controller 215 to servo-control the pickup 250.

For reproduction, the host I/F211 receives a reproduction command from the host 240. The system controller 215 performs a reproduction initialization process. Specifically, the system controller 215 controls reading of a defect list recorded in a predetermined area of the disc 230, obtaining information about a physical location in which data is recorded from the defect list, and controlling reproduction of the data from the physical location.

The pickup 250 irradiates laser light onto the disc 230 and receives a reflected laser beam reflected from the disc 230 to output an optical signal. The RF AMP 213 converts the optical signal output from the pickup 250 into an RF signal, and supplies modulated data obtained from the RF signal to the DSP 212 and a servo control signal obtained from the RF signal to the servo 214. The DSP 212 demodulates the modulated data and outputs data obtained by performing ECC encoding on the demodulated data.

The servo 214 servo-controls the pickup 250 according to the servo control signal and the servo control command received from the RF AMP 213 and the system controller 215, respectively. Host I/F211 receives data from DSP 212 and sends the data to host 240.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of data recorded on a write-once information recording medium according to a replacement forced write command. Referring to fig. 4, the write-once information recording medium 400 includes a lead-in area 410, a data area 420, and a lead-out area 430.

The lead-in area 410 includes a disc management area 2(DMA 2)411, a temporary DMA (tdma)412, and the like.

The TDMA 412 refers to an area in which temporary defect management information and temporary disc management information for managing the write-once information recording medium 400 are recorded.

The TDMA 412 includes a temporary defect list (TDFL)440, a Temporary Disc Definition Structure (TDDS)450, a Space Bit Map (SBM) 460, and a record map (record map) 470.

The TDFL 440 includes a defect list including information on a defective state, information on a location of a defective sector, and information on a location of a replacement sector. For example, the information regarding the location of the defective sector indicates a physical location in which data is first recorded, and the information regarding the location of the replacement sector indicates a physical location in which updated data is recorded.

The TDDS450 includes location pointers of the TDFL 440, the SBM 460, and the recording map 470. The TDDS450 further includes information on the position and size of a spare area allocated during initialization, write protection information, information on the position and size of a temporary defect management area allocated to the data area 420, information on a user data area, information on an alternative position of each spare area, a last recorded address of the user data area, and the like.

The SBM 460 indicates whether recording is performed for each cluster of the user data area using a bit value.

The recording map 470 indicates whether data is recorded in several areas into which the user data area is divided, using entry information. The entry information includes information on a state of the user data area, a start address, and a last address. Thus, the information on the area designated by the entry represents a recording state of the user data area. The information on the state of the user data area includes information indicating whether data is recorded in the area and usable.

Fig. 5A to 5D are diagrams of extents in which file system data is recorded according to a replacement forced write command.

Referring to fig. 5A, a file system 510 for managing user data is allocated a fixed location of a user data area to record an initial file system. The first position may be a fixed position.

As shown in fig. 5B, when the first data 520 is recorded in the user data area, the file system 510 is updated to the file system 530 by reflecting (reflect) the first data 520. Here, the host command is used to record the updated file system 530 using a replace force write command. The file system 530 is then recorded in the spare area 2 using the disc defect management method as if the file system 510 was replaced with the file system 530 due to a defect. The type of the disc defect management method may be a linear replacement method. Information related to the locations of the file systems 510 and 530 is recorded in the defect list.

As shown in fig. 5C, when the second data 540 is recorded in the user data area, the file system 530 is updated to the file system 550 according to the replacement force write command, and the file system 550 is recorded in the spare area 2 using a disc defect management method such as a linear replacement method. Information related to the locations of the file systems 510 and 550 is recorded in the defect list.

As shown in fig. 5D, when the updated second data 560 is recorded in the user data area, the file system 550 is updated to the file system 570 according to the replacement forced write command, and then the file system 570 is recorded in the spare area 1 using the linear replacement method. Here, only information related to the locations of the file systems 510 and 570 is recorded in the defect list. The defect list will be explained in more detail later. The file systems 530, 550, and 570 are not limited to being recorded in any one of the spare areas 1 or 2.

Fig. 6A and 6B illustrate a defect list according to an aspect of the present invention.

An example of a defect list recorded under the control of the controller 210 will be described with reference to fig. 6A and 6B.

For example, when the physical sector number of the user data area corresponding to the logical sector number 00h-FFh is 100h-1FFh (the area of fig. 5A in which the file system 510 is recorded) and the data corresponding to the logical sector number 00h-FFh is updated in the physical sector number 11FFFh-11F00h of the spare area (the area in which the file system 530 is recorded) according to the replacement forcing write command, the defect list 610 including information on the defective sector and the replacement sector is constructed as shown in fig. 6A.

When the defect list 620 is constructed according to the first replacement forcing write command and the data corresponding to the logical sector numbers 00h-FFh is updated in the physical sector numbers 11EFFh-11E00h of the spare area according to the second replacement forcing write command, the defect list 620 including information on the defective sectors and the replacement sectors is as shown in fig. 6B. Thus, the file system can be detected from the fixed logical sector numbers by searching the defect list 620 including the physical sector numbers corresponding to the logical sector numbers using the logical sector numbers.

As described above, when data is updated, the logical sector number of the file system data can be set by updating the file system using the disc management method to obtain the address of the file system from a fixed location.

Fig. 7A illustrates the direction of using a single-layer extent when recording is performed according to the replacement force write command of the present invention, and fig. 7B is a reference diagram for explaining the direction of using a dual-layer extent when recording is performed according to the replacement force write method of the present invention.

The drive needs a plurality of spare areas to perform the replacement forced write command from the host. Thus, the spare area can be obtained during an initialization operation or can be extended when necessary. Therefore, since the drive cannot determine how many replacement forced write commands the drive receives from the host, the information recording medium may have a structure in which the spare area is extended.

Referring to fig. 7A, when the information recording medium is used from the lead-in area 0 toward the lead-out area 0, the spare area 2 to be expanded is used from a position close to the lead-out area 0.

Referring to fig. 7B, when the information recording medium is used from the lead-in area 0 toward the lead-out area 0 and then from the lead-out area 1 toward the lead-in area 1, the spare area 4 to be expanded is used from a position close to the lead-in area 1.

Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a recording operation performed in place of a forced write command according to the present invention. Referring to fig. 8, a drive receives a replacement forced write command and recorded data from a host in operation 810. For example, the host I/F of the drive receives a replacement forced write command, data to be updated, and information on a logical address of the data to be updated, and transmits the replacement forced write command and the information on the logical address to the system controller.

In operation 820, the system controller transmits information of the physical address of the unused area to the servo to control the servo to detect the position of the unused area and control the DSP to process and record data to be updated.

The system controller generates a defect list as if the data were updated due to a defect. The defect list includes a defect sector number and a replacement sector number. According to the present invention, the system controller generates the defect list by including information on a physical address in which updated data is first recorded as information on a defective sector and information on a physical address in which currently updated data is recorded as information on a replacement sector.

In operation 830, the system controller controls recording of the defect list in the TDMA of the lead-in area.

Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a file system update operation performed by reflecting additional data to be recorded according to a replacement force write command. Referring to fig. 9, the host transmits a write command, data to be additionally recorded, and information of an address where the data is additionally recorded to the drive in operation 910.

In operation 920, the host I/F of the drive transmits a write command and information of the address to the system controller, which controls the DSP and the servo to record data in a physical location designated by the information of the address.

In operation 930, the system controller transmits a write end signal to the host via the host I/F.

In operation 940, when there is an additional recording of data, the host sends a replacement forced write command to the drive to update the file system data.

The host I/F of the drive receives a replacement forced write command, file system data to be updated, and information on a logical address of the file system data from the host, and transmits the replacement forced write command and the logical address information to the system controller.

When the system controller receives the replacement force write command, the system controller searches the defect list recorded in the lead-in area for an unused area of the spare area. In operation 950, the system controller transmits information of the physical address of the unused area to the servo to control the servo to detect the location of the unused area and to control the DSP to process and record the file system data.

The system controller generates a defect list as if the data were updated due to a defect. The defect list includes a defect sector number and a replacement sector number. The system controller generates the defect list by including information of a physical address in which file system data, which is information of a defective sector, is first recorded and information of an address in which updated file system data, which is information of a replacement sector, is recorded. The information of the physical address may be obtained, for example, by transforming information of a logical address transmitted together with a replacement forced write command.

In operation 960, the system controller controls recording of the defect list in the TDMA of the lead-in area. For example, the system controller transmits information of the position of the TDMA of the lead-in area in which the defect list is to be recorded to the servo, and transmits data of the defect list to the DSP to control recording of the defect list.

The present invention can be embodied as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium that can be read by at least one computer. The computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data which can be thereafter read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable recording medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission through the internet). The computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.

Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Industrial applicability

The present invention is applicable to a recording apparatus, a recording method, and an information recording medium for recording data on an optical information recording medium.

Claims (7)

1. A recording apparatus, comprising:

a write/read unit writing and/or reading data to and/or from a write-once storage medium including a user data area recording user data and a spare area recording replacement data, wherein the replacement data is used to update the user data; and

a controller which receives a replacement enforcement write command and replacement data for updating the user data from the host, and controls the write/read unit to write the replacement data in the spare area according to the replacement enforcement write command, and controls the write/read unit to write a defect list in a predetermined area of the medium, the defect list including information of a physical address of the user data recorded in the user data area and information of a physical address of the replacement data recorded in the spare area, the replacement enforcement write command being a command instructing that replacement data for updating the user data is recorded in the spare area by using a disc defect management method.

2. The recording apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spare area is expandable for storing the replacement data.

3. The recording apparatus of claim 1, wherein the user data includes file system data for managing the user data.

4. A host apparatus for controlling the recording device of claim 1 to record data on a write-once storage medium:

wherein the host apparatus controls to transmit a replacement enforcement write command to the recording device to record replacement data on the medium, the replacement enforcement write command being a command instructing that replacement data for updating user data is recorded in a spare area by using a disc defect management method,

wherein the medium includes a user data area in which user data is recorded and a spare area in which replacement data for updating the user data is recorded, such that a logical address of the replacement data is not changed with respect to a logical address of the user data.

5. A method of recording data on a write-once storage medium using a recording apparatus, comprising:

receiving a replacement forced write command for controlling recording of updated user data when updating the user data recorded in a user data area of the medium, the replacement forced write command being a command indicating that replacement data for updating the user data is recorded in a spare area by using a disc defect management method;

recording replacement data in a spare area of the medium according to the replacement-forcing write command; and

a defect list for managing changes of physical addresses of the user data and the replacement data is recorded in a predetermined area of the medium, wherein a logical address of the replacement data is not changed with respect to a logical address of the user data.

6. The method of recording data as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spare area is expandable for storing the replacement data.

7. The method of recording data as claimed in claim 5, wherein the user data includes file system data for managing the user data.