HK1196119A - Elevator with compensating device - Google Patents

Description

Elevator with balancing mechanism

Technical Field

The invention relates to an elevator with at least one balancing mechanism, which is arranged between the elevator car and the counterweight and serves to balance the weight of the load-bearing structure, wherein the balancing mechanism is guided by means of a guide and forms a straight section, a loop section and a curved section, which together have a parabola-like shape.

Background

In elevators with a large transport height, means for balancing the weight of the load-bearing structure are usually provided. The carrying structure is guided by a drive pulley, which in turn can be driven by means of an elevator drive. An elevator car is arranged on one end of the load-bearing structure and a counterweight is arranged on the other end of the load-bearing structure. The elevator car and the counterweight can be run in opposite directions in the elevator shaft by means of the support structure, wherein the elevator car is used for a service floor.

If the elevator car is located in the upper part in the elevator shaft, the length of the load-bearing structure and the weight of the load-bearing structure are greater at the counterweight end. If the elevator car is located in the lower part of the elevator shaft, the length of the load-bearing structure and the length of the load-bearing structure are greater at one end of the car. A balance mechanism is provided for balancing the weight shift from one end of the counterweight to one end of the car and vice versa, one end of the balance mechanism being disposed on the lower surface of the elevator car and the other end of the balance mechanism being disposed on the counterweight. If, for example, the support means length at the counterweight end is greater, the counterweight length is smaller at the counterweight end and greater at the car end. The weight shift in the support structure is compensated or equalized by a counter-acting balancing mechanism. By this weight balance, the drive torque, the braking torque and the traction force on the driving pulley can be optimized.

But the balancing mechanism suspended on the elevator car and counterweight is prone to rattling, especially when the elevator car has a large transport height or by other influences, such as air flow in the elevator shaft, earthquakes or building rattles. During travel of the elevator car and counterweight, the balancing means (e.g. a chain wrapped with a cover) can be excited to sway, wherein the deflection of the balancing means can be intensified during further travel of the elevator car and counterweight. This deflection may be so great that the counterbalance whips against the wall of the shaft. Here, there is a risk that the balancing mechanism may kink to the shaft equipment, for example to the fixing brackets for the guide rails. If the balancing mechanism is kinked at one end of the counterweight and the elevator car moves upwards and the counterweight moves downwards, the balancing mechanism goes from the accident position until the elevator car is additionally tensioned and from the accident position until the counterweight is slack. Such accidents may jeopardize the reliable operation of the elevator installation. In extreme cases, the balancing mechanism may break and cause a series of damage.

Patent document US7117978B2 discloses a device for monitoring a balancing mechanism. The balancing mechanism is provided with a first guide means at the counterweight end and a second guide means at the car end in the shaft pit. The balancing mechanism thus has a first linear portion between the counterweight and the first guide means and a second linear portion between the elevator car and the second guide means. A semicircular loop portion is formed between the two linear portions. If the balancing mechanism is offset, the loop apex moves upward and then downward again. In order to monitor the movement of the loop apex, a sensor is provided which monitors the admissible deflection of the upper part of the loop apex. The other sensor is arranged outside (below) the return wire. If the return line triggers the sensor, the elevator installation is stopped.

The known device is defined in that the elevator installation is already stopped during a small return movement.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to provide a device which overcomes the disadvantages of the known devices and provides a monitoring which has a greater tolerance range for the deflection of the balancing mechanism and which is also capable of ensuring the safety of the elevator installation.

The advantage achieved by the proposed device is primarily that the balancing mechanism can be reliably monitored with a simple mechanism. For example, a return movement triggered by a wobble in the balancing mechanism does not stop the operation of the elevator installation until the return movement can cause damaging forces for the balancing mechanism and for the shaft assembly. After the elevator installation has been shut down, the elevator car and the counterweight have a rear run due to inertia. The proposed device allows for such subsequent operation without damage occurring immediately after shutdown.

Under normal conditions, such as when the building is swaying or in the case of air flows in the elevator shaft or during inspection travel or in the case of an emergency stop or when only the shaft wall or the shaft floor is touched, no shutdown is permitted. The proposed device can be arranged on any elevator car.

The proposed arrangement is suitable for a balancing mechanism having a straight part, preferably at the counterweight end, and a curved part, preferably at the car end. For example, a guide device arranged below the counterweight travel path and centrally with respect to the counterweight guide rail guides the balancing mechanism and damps the balancing mechanism, in particular at one end of the counterweight. Between the guiding device and the elevator car, the balancing mechanism has a parabolic shape with a loop portion and a slight curvature.

If the balancing machine is e.g. twisted at one end of the counterweight and the elevator car is traveling upwards, the loop becomes smaller and closer to the guide. A similar situation can also occur when strong oscillations occur in the balancing mechanism. If the elevator installation is not even shut down, at least the guide means may be damaged.

Drawings

The proposed device is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings by means of embodiments. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

fig. 1 shows an exemplary elevator installation, with an elevator car, a counterweight and a balancing machine,

figure 2 illustrates a side view of an exemplary guiding and monitoring device for a balancing mechanism in normal operation,

figure 3 shows a top view of the guiding and monitoring means for the balancing mechanism in normal operation,

figure 4 shows a side view of a guiding and monitoring device for a balancing mechanism in case of a malfunction,

fig. 5 shows a plan view of a guide and monitoring device for a balancing mechanism in the event of a fault, an

Fig. 6 shows the structural design of the monitoring device.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an elevator installation 1 with an elevator car 2 which can travel in the opposite direction to a counterweight 3 in an elevator shaft 4. The elevator car 2 is connected to the counterweight 3 by means of a support means 4. The support means 5 is guided by a drive pulley 6 and a deflecting roller 7, wherein the drive pulley 6 is a component of a drive 6.1 arranged in a machine room 8. The elevator installation 1 can also be provided without a machine room 8, the drive of which is disposed in the elevator shaft 4.

In this embodiment, a 1: 1 carriage guide is shown. Other load bearing mechanism guides may also be employed. The elevator car 2 is located on the uppermost floor 9 and the counterweight 3 is located above the shaft pit 10. In this position of the elevator car 2 and counterweight 3, the support means 5 are shorter at the car end and longer at the counterweight end. As weight balancing devices for different support means lengths, a balancing means between the elevator car 2 and the counterweight 3, indicated at 11, is used. In the embodiment shown, the balancing mechanism 11 balances the weight of the load bearing means 5 missing at one end of the car.

A guide device 12 is provided below the running track of the counterweight 3 and in the center between the counterweight guide rails, which guides the counterweight mechanism 11, in particular at one end of the counterweight, and reduces play. Between the counterweight 3 and the guide 12, the balancing mechanism 11 is designed linearly or has a linear portion 11.1. Between the guiding device 12 and the elevator car 2 the balancing mechanism 11 has a parabolic shape with a loop portion 11.2 and a curved portion 11.3 with a smaller arc.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of the guide device 12 and the monitoring device 13 with the detection region 13.8 for the balancing mechanism 11 in normal operation. The detection area 13.8 is chosen to take account of tolerances in the device and installation and variations in construction. At the counterweight end, the balancing mechanism 11 is guided by means of a guide 12, for example by means of a roller guide. The extension or course of the balancing mechanism 11 is, as described above, linear from the counterweight 3 to the guide 12 and parabolic from the guide 12 to the elevator car 2. Brackets 16, 17 for the monitoring device 13 are respectively arranged on the first rail 14 and on the second rail 15.

Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the guide device 12 and the monitoring device 13 of the balancing device 11 for normal operation. From the counterweight 3 to the guide 12, the balancing mechanism extends on a first plane E1, which is spanned by the guide rails 14, 15 of the counterweight 3. The guide 12 is composed, for example, of four rollers 12.1 which surround the balancing device 11. The rope 13.1 is tightened from the support 16 to the support 17, passing approximately perpendicularly through the second plane E2, which is braced by the balancing mechanism 11, and being arranged above the loop 11.2. The rope 13.1 is made of synthetic fibres, for example in the form of a rope, and is flexible. The rope 13.1 can also run obliquely through the second plane E2, provided that the counterweight 3 is not arranged centrally or in a shaft corner. In fig. 3, further planes E2.1 and E2.2 are also shown, which are spanned by one counterweight each for the case in which two counterweights 11 are arranged between the elevator car 2 and the counterweight 3. The rope 13.1 likewise runs obliquely through the second planes E2.1, E2.2 and can be operated simultaneously by one balancing mechanism 11 or by two balancing mechanisms 11. The cable 13.1 is fixed to the second support 17 and is supported elastically on the first support 16 in the longitudinal cable axis, wherein the cam 13.2 moves in the longitudinal cable axis when the cable 13.1 is deflected by the loop 11.2. By means of the movement of the cam 13.2, the pin 13.2 of the electric switch 13.4 is operated, which deactivates the elevator drive 6.1. Fig. 4 shows a side view of the guide device 12 and the monitoring device 13 for the balancing mechanism 11 in the event of a fault, and fig. 5 shows a corresponding top view. A fault situation occurs if, for example, the compensating gear 11 kinks at one end of the counterweight when the elevator car is traveling upwards or, for example, an extreme deflection in the compensating gear 11 reduces the loop 11.2, so that the compensating gear 11 reaches the detection region 13.8 of the monitoring device 13, wherein the rope 13.1 actuates the switch 13.4. As soon as the rope 13.1 is deflected by the loop 11.2, at least one fault signal is generated and the elevator drive 6.1 is, for example, stopped. Even if the drive brake intervenes immediately, the inertial movement of the elevator car or counterweight cannot be avoided. Nevertheless, the guide means 12, the rope 13.1 and the balancing mechanism 11 are not damaged, since the shut-down is effected in time and the loop 11.2 cannot actually be smaller than shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 shows the design of the monitoring device 13. The brackets 16, 17 are provided with elongated holes 16.1, 17.1, on which the claws 16.2, 17.2 are movably supported. The first support 16 is arranged below the first guide rail 14 and is detachably connected to the guide rail 14 by means of a claw 16.2. The second bracket 17 is arranged below the second guide rail 15 and is detachably connected to the guide rail 15 by means of a claw 17.2. The end of the string 13.1 remote from the switch is adjustable but fixedly connected to the second support 17. The end of the cable 13.1 close to the switch is connected to a first shaft 13.5 which is movable in the longitudinal axis of the cable and which is supported at one end on the first support 16 and at the other end on the corner piece 13.6. The first shaft 13.5 can move with the cable 13.1 against the spring force of the spring 13.7 and with this first shaft 13.5 also the cam 13.2 is moved. The position of the cam 13.2 is detected by means of a pin 13.3 which operates a switch 13.4 when the cable 13.1 is turned.

Instead of the rope 13.1, a bend (B ü gel) or a guardrail (Schranke) can also be provided, which can be operated by means of the loop 11.2. The bend or the protective rail is supported flexibly, so that the loop 11.2 is not damaged during the inertial movement.

Instead of the cable 13.1 and the switch 13.4, an optoelectronic monitoring device 13 can be provided, for example, which consists of a transmitter, a reflector and a receiver. The transmitter arranged on the first holder 16 emits a light beam, for example in the infrared region, onto a reflector arranged on the second holder 17, which reflects the light beam onto a receiver arranged on the first holder 16. If the balancing device 11 comes into the detection range 13.8 of the monitoring device 13, the loop 11.2 interrupts the light beam and the receiver generates a signal for switching off the elevator drive 6.1 and activating the brake. The transmitter, reflector and receiver are arranged in such a way that the light beam is interrupted in time and does not cause damage to the shaft equipment and/or the balancing mechanism, even when the elevator car and counterweight are coasting. The sensor may also consist of only a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter is arranged, for example, on the first support 16 and the receiver is arranged on the second support 17.

The guide means 12 and the monitoring means 13 may alternatively also be arranged at one end of the car.

Claims (8)

1. An elevator (1) having at least one balancing mechanism (11) which is arranged between an elevator car (2) and a counterweight (3) and is used to balance the weight of a support means (5), wherein the balancing mechanism (11) is guided by means of a guide device (12) and forms a straight section (11.1), a loop section (11.2) and a curved section (11.3), wherein the loop section (11.2) has a parabola-like shape together with the curved section (11.3), a monitoring device (13) having a detection region (13.8) being provided at the guide device (12), wherein the monitoring device (13) can be triggered by means of the loop section (11.2) of the balancing mechanism (11) which is located in the detection region (13.8).

2. Elevator according to claim 1, wherein triggering by the monitoring device (13) can generate at least one fault signal and can trigger the shutdown of the elevator drive (6.1).

3. Elevator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the monitoring device (13) has a sensor (13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4) which acts substantially perpendicular or inclined to a plane (E2, E2.1, E2.2) which is spanned by the loop (11.2) and is arranged above the loop (11.2).

4. Elevator according to claim 3, wherein the sensor has a rope (13.1) which is supported elastically on a first support (16) in the longitudinal rope axis and passes through a plane (E2, E2.1, E2.2) which is spanned by the loop (11.2) and is arranged fixedly on a second support (17), wherein the cam (13.2) is movable in the longitudinal rope axis (13.2) when the rope (13.1) is caused to kink by the loop (11.2).

5. Elevator according to claim 4, wherein the movement of the cam can be detected by means of an electric switch (13.3, 13.4), a shut-down of the elevator drive (6.1) being able to be triggered when the electric switch (13.4) is operated.

6. Elevator according to claim 3, wherein the sensor has a light beam which passes through a plane (E2, E2.1, E2.2) which is spanned by the loop (11.2), and which can trigger the shut-down of the elevator drive (6.1) when the light beam is interrupted.

7. Method for monitoring a balancing mechanism (11) which is arranged between an elevator car (2) and a counterweight (3) and which is used for balancing the weight of a load-bearing means (5), wherein the balancing mechanism (11) is guided by means of a guide device (12) and forms a straight portion (11.1), a loop portion (11.2) and a curved portion (11.3), wherein the loop portion (11.2) together with the curved portion (11.3) has a parabola-like shape, with the following steps:

a) monitoring a detection region (13.8) of a monitoring device (13) which is arranged on the guide device (12), and

b) if the return line (11.2) of the balancing device (11) enters the detection region (13.8), a fault signal is generated.

8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the fault signal is used to trigger the shutdown of the elevator drive (6.1) and the activation of the drive brake.