HK1196167B - Resonator with matched balance spring and balance - Google Patents
Resonator with matched balance spring and balance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HK1196167B HK1196167B HK14109549.1A HK14109549A HK1196167B HK 1196167 B HK1196167 B HK 1196167B HK 14109549 A HK14109549 A HK 14109549A HK 1196167 B HK1196167 B HK 1196167B
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- Hong Kong
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- balance
- resonator
- axis
- spring
- balance spring
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Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a resonator with a matching balance spring and balance, and more particularly to a balance spring formed from single crystal quartz.
Background
European patent No.1519250 discloses the manufacture of a single crystal quartz balance spring. However, in practice single crystal quartz is not easily matched.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by providing an improved match between a quartz balance spring and a balance.
The invention therefore relates to a resonator comprising a balance spring formed of single-crystal quartz having crystal axes x, y, z, in which the x-axis is the electrical axis and the y-axis is the mechanical axis, said balance spring cooperating with a balance wheel, characterized in that the thermal expansion coefficient of said balance wheel is comprised between +6ppm DEG C-1And +9.9ppm DEG C-1And the cut angle (cut angle) of the balance spring with respect to the z-axis of the single crystal quartz is comprised between-5 ° and +5 °, so that the resonator is insensitive to temperature variations.
According to other advantageous features of the invention:
-the coefficient of thermal expansion of the balance wheel is substantially equal to +9ppm DEG C-1Wherein the tangent angle of the balance spring with respect to the z-axis of the single crystal quartz is substantially equal to +2 °;
-at least one part of the balance is made of titanium or platinum;
-the coefficient of thermal expansion of the balance wheel is substantially equal to +9.9ppm DEG C-1Wherein the tangent angle of the balance spring with respect to the z-axis of the single crystal quartz is substantially equal to +5 °;
-at least one part of the balance is made of a high-strength alloy (duramphy).
Drawings
Other characteristics and advantages will appear clearly from the following description, given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
figures 1 and 2 are schematic views of the cutting angle θ of a balance spring made of monocrystalline quartz according to the invention;
figure 3 is a schematic view of a sprung balance resonator according to the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, the invention relates to a resonator 1 of the type having a balance 3-a balance spring 5. Balance 3 and balance spring 5 are preferably mounted on the same arbour 7. In this resonator 1, the moment of inertia I of balance 3 corresponds to the following formula:
I=mr2(1)
where m denotes the mass and r denotes the radius of gyration, which obviously depends on the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the balance wheelb。
Furthermore, spring constant C of balance spring 5 complies with the following formula:
where E is the young's modulus of the balance spring, h is the height, E is the thickness and L is the developed length of the balance spring.
Finally, the frequency f of the sprung balance resonator I corresponds to the following formula:
of course, it is desirable that the resonator have zero frequency variation with temperature. In the case of a sprung balance resonator, the frequency variation with temperature substantially follows the following formula:
wherein:
is a frequency variation with temperature;
is the change in young's modulus with temperature, i.e. the Coefficient of Thermal Elasticity (CTE) of the balance spring;
-αsis the coefficient of thermal expansion of the balance spring, in ppm DEG C-1Expressing;
-αbis the coefficient of thermal expansion of the balance wheel, in ppm-1And (4) expressing.
Since the vibrations intended for any resonator of time or frequency base must be maintained, the maintenance system can also contribute to the thermal dependency (thermal), for example a swiss lever escapement system (not shown) fitted with the impulse pin 9 of the disc 11, also mounted on the arbour 7.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention relates more particularly to a resonator 1 in which the balance spring 5 is formed from single crystal quartz having crystal axes x, y, z, where the x-axis is the electrical axis and the y-axis is the mechanical axis. These figures show that the height h of the coil is oriented substantially the same as the crystal axis z. More particularly, the height h forms an angle θ with the z-axis that can be positive or negative. The characteristics of balance spring 5 can be changed by changing this angle θ without changing the geometry of the spring.
Therefore, it is clear from equations (1) to (4) that it is possible to match balance spring 5 with balance 3 so that frequency f of resonator 1 is almost insensitive to temperature variations. In addition to the excellent thermal properties, the use of quartz for manufacturing balance spring 5 also offers the advantage of having excellent mechanical and chemical properties, in particular in terms of ageing and extremely low sensitivity to magnetic fields.
Therefore, in the case where the tangential angle θ is substantially equal to +2 °, it has been empirically found that the coefficient of thermal expansion α of balance 3bMust be substantially equal to +9ppm DEG C-1To obtain a temperature substantially equal to +0.06 sec/day DEG C-1Well within the requirements of the Swiss official astronomical center of Authority (COSC) of + -0.6 sec/day DEG C-1The following.
More generally, to maintain the thermal coefficient of the resonator 1 substantially at ± 0.1 sec/day ° c-1I.e. still within the COSC condition, and the tangent angle θ of balance spring 5 to the z-axis of the monocrystalline quartz is atBetween-5 ° and +5 °, thermal coefficient α of balance 3bContained at +6ppm DEG C-1And +9.9ppm DEG C-1In the meantime.
In order to meet these thermal expansion coefficients αbBalance 3 may comprise, in particular, titanium and/or a high-strength alloy (notation AFNOR: Z2NKD 18-09-05) and/or platinum, in practice, the thermal expansion coefficient α of titanium and platinumbSubstantially equal to +9ppm DEG C-1And the coefficient of thermal expansion of the high strength alloy is substantially equal to +9.9ppm DEG C-1. Furthermore, advantageously, it should be noted that high strength alloys may have a low sensitivity to magnetic fields depending on their tempering temperature.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples shown, but is capable of numerous variations and modifications as will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, any other material that conforms to the above-mentioned thermal expansion coefficient may be used for balance 3.
Claims (6)
1. A resonator (1) comprising a balance spring (5) formed from single crystal quartz having crystal axes x, y, z, where the x-axis is the electrical axis and the y-axis is the mechanical axis, said balance spring cooperating with a balance (3), characterized in that the balance (3) has a coefficient of thermal expansion (α)b) Contained at +6ppm DEG C-1And +9.9ppm DEG C-1And the tangent angle (theta) of the balance spring (5) with respect to the z-axis of the single-crystal quartz is comprised between-5 deg. and +5 deg., so that the resonator (1) is insensitive to temperature variations.
2. Resonator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the balance (3) has a coefficient of thermal expansion (α)b) Substantially equal to +9ppm DEG C-1And the tangent angle (theta) of the balance spring (5) with respect to the z-axis of the single-crystal quartz is substantially equal to +2 deg..
3. Resonator (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one portion of the balance (3) is made of titanium.
4. Resonator (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one portion of the balance (3) is made of platinum.
5. Resonator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the balance (3) has a coefficient of thermal expansion (α)b) Substantially equal to 9.9ppm DEG C-1And the tangent angle (theta) of the balance spring (5) with respect to the z-axis of the single-crystal quartz is substantially equal to +5 deg..
6. Resonator (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one portion of the balance (3) is made of a high-strength alloy.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12182973.3 | 2012-09-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1196167A HK1196167A (en) | 2014-12-05 |
| HK1196167B true HK1196167B (en) | 2017-09-29 |
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