HK1190119B - Functional insert with power layer - Google Patents

Description

Functional insert with power plane

Related patent application

This patent application claims the priority of U.S. patent application serial No. 13/401,959 filed on 22/2/2012 and U.S. provisional application serial No. 61/454,591 filed on 21/3/2011 and entitled "methods and apparatus for functional insertion with powerlayer," the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

A functionalized insert for a logic processing device formed from a plurality of functional layers stacked, at least one of which includes an electrical power layer, and in some embodiments methods and apparatus for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens having a functionalized insert formed from a plurality of stacked layers are described.

Background

Traditionally, ophthalmic devices (e.g., contact lenses, intraocular lenses, or punctal plugs) include biocompatible devices having corrective, cosmetic, or therapeutic properties. For example, a contact lens may provide one or more of the following effects: vision correction functionality, cosmetic enhancement and therapeutic effects. Each function is provided by a physical characteristic of the lens. Designs incorporating refractive properties into the lens may provide vision correction functions. Pigments incorporated into the lens can provide cosmetic enhancement. The active agent incorporated into the lens may provide therapeutic functionality. Such physical characteristics can be achieved without having to leave the lens in an energized state. Punctal plugs are traditionally passive devices.

Recently, there have been theories that active elements may be incorporated into contact lenses. Some of the elements may include semiconductor devices. Some examples show embedding a semiconductor device in a contact lens placed on an animal's eye. It is also described how to energize and activate the active elements in a variety of ways within the lens structure itself. The topography and size of the space defined by the lens structure creates a new and challenging environment for the definition of various functions. Generally, such disclosures have included discrete devices. However, the size and power requirements of available discrete devices do not necessarily lend themselves to inclusion in devices worn on the human eye.

Disclosure of Invention

Thus, the present invention includes designs of assemblies that can be combined to form stacked substrate layers that are combined into a single package. The stacked layers include one or more layers that include a power source for at least one component included in the stacked layers. In some embodiments, an insert is provided that can be energized and incorporated into an ophthalmic device. The insert may be formed from multiple layers, each of which may have a unique functionality; or have mixed functionality, but in multiple layers. In some embodiments, these layers may have layers dedicated to product power-on or product activation, or may have layers for controlling various functional components within the lens body. Furthermore, the present invention proposes a method and an apparatus for forming an ophthalmic lens with an insert formed by stacked functionalized layers.

In some embodiments, the insert may include a layer in an energized state that is capable of powering a component capable of conducting electrical current. These components may include, for example, one or more of the following: variable optical lens elements and semiconductor devices that may be located in or otherwise connected to stacked layer interposers.

In another aspect, some embodiments may include injection molded silicone hydrogel contact lenses having rigid or formable inserts formed from stacked functionalized layers contained in a biocompatible manner in an ophthalmic lens.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the following disclosure: an ophthalmic lens having a stacked functionalized layer portion, an apparatus for forming an ophthalmic lens having a stacked functionalized layer portion, and methods thereof. As discussed herein, the insert may be formed from multiple layers in various ways, and may be placed adjacent to one or both of the first mold component and the second mold component. The reactive monomer mixture is placed between the first mold part and the second mold part. The first mold member positioned proximate to the second mold member thereby forming a lens cavity having an energized substrate insert and at least some reactive monomer mixture therein; the reactive monomer mixture is exposed to actinic radiation to form an ophthalmic lens. The lens can be formed by controlling the actinic radiation to which the reactive monomer mixture is exposed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of some embodiments of a power plane.

Fig. 2 illustrates some exemplary embodiments of form factors for a wire-based power supply.

Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of an insert formed from stacked functional layers incorporated within an ophthalmic lens mold member.

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional representation of an ophthalmic lens mold section with an insert.

Fig. 5 presents an exemplary embodiment comprising a plurality of stacked functional layers on a support and alignment structure.

Figure 6 illustrates different shapes and embodiments of components used to form layers in a stacked functional layer insert.

Detailed Description

The invention includes a substrate insertion device formed by stacking a plurality of functionalized layers. In addition, the present invention includes methods and apparatus for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses having such stacked functionalized layered substrates as inserts in shaped lenses. Additionally, some embodiments of the present invention include an ophthalmic lens incorporating a stacked functionalized layered substrate insert therein.

The following sections will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail. The preferred and alternative embodiments described herein are merely exemplary embodiments and it is to be understood that variations, modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood, therefore, that the exemplary embodiments are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention on which they are based.

Term(s) for

In this specification and claims relating to the invention, the terms used are defined as follows:

and (3) electrifying: as used herein refers to a state capable of providing an electric current or capable of storing electrical energy therein.

Energy: as used herein refers to the ability of a physical system to do work. Many uses in the present invention may involve the described ability to perform electrical actions in the process of doing work.

An energy source: as used herein refers to a device or layer capable of providing energy or placing a logic or electrical device in a powered state.

An energy collector: as used herein refers to a device capable of extracting energy from the environment and converting it into electrical energy.

Functionalized: as used herein refers to enabling a layer or device to perform functions including, for example, powering on, activating, or controlling.

Lens: refers to any ophthalmic device that is located within or on the eye. These devices may provide optical correction or may be cosmetic. For example, the term lens may refer to a contact lens, intraocular lens, overlay lens, ocular insert, optical insert, or other similar device used to correct or improve vision or enhance the aesthetic appearance of the body of the eye (e.g., iris color) without affecting vision. In some embodiments, preferred lenses of the invention are soft contact lenses made from silicone elastomers or hydrogels, including but not limited to silicone hydrogels and fluorohydrogels.

Lens forming mixture or "reactive mixture" or "RMM" (reactive monomer mixture): as used herein refers to a monomeric or prepolymer material that can be cured and crosslinked or crosslinkable to form an ophthalmic lens. Various embodiments may include lens-forming mixtures having one or more additives including, for example: UV blockers, colorants, photoinitiators or catalysts, and other additives one may want to add to an ophthalmic lens, such as a contact lens or an intraocular lens.

Lithium ion battery (cell): refers to an electrochemical cell in which lithium ions move through the cell to generate electrical energy. Such electrochemical cells, commonly referred to as batteries (batteries), can be re-energized or recharged in their typical form.

Substrate insert: as used herein refers to a formable or rigid substrate capable of supporting a source of energy within an ophthalmic lens. In some examples, the substrate insert also supports one or more components.

A mould: refers to a rigid or semi-rigid object that can be used to form a lens from an uncured formulation. Some preferred molds include two mold parts that form a front curve mold part and a back curve mold part.

Optical zone: as used herein, refers to the area of an ophthalmic lens through which a wearer of the ophthalmic lens views.

Power: as used herein, refers to the work done or energy transferred per unit time.

Rechargeable or re-energizable: as used herein refers to the ability to revert to a state with greater capacity to do work. A variety of uses within the scope of the present invention may be associated with a restoring capability that enables current to flow at a particular rate for a particular period of restoring time.

Re-energization or re-charging: and the state with larger work capacity is recovered. A variety of uses within the scope of the present invention may be associated with a restoring capability that enables the device to flow current at a particular rate for a particular period of restoring time.

And (3) releasing from the mold: meaning that the lens is either completely separated from the mold or only loosely attached so that it can be removed by gentle agitation or pushing with a swab.

Stacking: as used herein refers to placing at least two component layers adjacent to each other such that at least a portion of one surface of one of the layers contacts a first surface of a second layer. In some embodiments, a film, whether for adhesion or other functions, may reside between the two layers that are in contact with each other through the film.

Description of the invention

Power layer

Referring now to fig. 1, in some embodiments, one or more layers of a functionalized substrate stack may include a thin film power source 100. A thin source of electrical power can be considered essentially a battery on a substrate.

Thin film batteries (sometimes referred to as TFBs) may be fabricated on a suitable substrate, such as silicon, using known deposition processes. Deposition may include, for example, sputter deposition, and may be used to deposit various materials using one or more masking and material removal techniques.

A number of different materials have been investigated and are possible. In some applications (e.g., die stacking and ophthalmic devices), a preferred substrate comprises one that can withstand 800 degrees celsius without chemical change. In another aspect, the preferred substrate may be insulating. Optionally, the substrate may have vias from the top side to the bottom side of the device for interconnecting the current collectors.

TFBs according to the present invention will preferably be encapsulated in an encapsulation to prevent ingress of one or more of: oxygen, moisture, other gases or liquids. Accordingly, preferred embodiments may include an encapsulation in one or more layers, wherein the encapsulation may include one or more insulating (e.g., parylene) and impermeable layers (e.g., metal, aluminum, titanium, etc.). The various layers may be coated over the TFB device by deposition.

Preferably, the interconnect is still in electrical communication outside the package. In some embodiments, the electrical communication may comprise a conductive pathway. In other embodiments, electrical communication may include wireless transmission of energy, such as via radio frequency or optical wavelengths.

Other methods include applying an organic material (e.g., epoxy) in combination with a preformed impermeable material (e.g., the next layer of a stack of grains, or precisely shaped/cut glass, alumina, or silicon on a layer).

Power supply for wire forming

Referring now to fig. 2A, an exemplary design of some embodiments of a power supply includes the ophthalmic lens of claim 17 formed around a conductive wire, wherein. Preferably, the battery comprises a high aspect ratio linear battery.

In some embodiments, fine-gauge copper wire may be used as a support. The individual battery component layers can be constructed using a batch or continuous wire coating process. In this way, very high volumetric efficiencies (> 60%) of the active battery material can be achieved with flexible and convenient physical dimensions. In some embodiments, small cells may be formed using thin wires, for example cells in the range measured in milliamp hours. The voltage capacity may be defined as approximately 1.5 volts, dc. Larger cells and higher voltages may also be scaled and are within the scope of the present invention.

Generally, wire formed batteries provide significant improvements (-40 x or more) over existing film 6 packaging.

Referring now to fig. 2B, a method for forming some embodiments of a wire-based battery is illustrated. High purity copper wire, such as that available from commercial sources such as mcmastercarrcorp, coated with one or more layers, may be used.

In some embodiments, the zinc anode coating can be formulated from zinc metal powder, a polymeric binder, a solvent, and additives. The coating may be applied and dried immediately. The same coating can be performed multiple times to achieve the desired thickness.

The separator coating may be formulated from nonconductive filler particles, a polymer binder, a solvent, and additives. The coating method may be the same.

The silver oxide cathode coating may be formulated from Ag2O powder, graphite, a polymer binder, a solvent, and additives. The coating method may be the same.

The linear cells may also be coated with a current collector (e.g., a carbon conductive adhesive, a silver conductive adhesive, etc.).

An electrolyte (potassium hydroxide solution with additives) can be applied to the finished cell to complete the construction.

The cell should remain "open" (i.e., unsealed) in order to allow any escaping gases to safely escape. A silicone or fluoropolymer coating may be used to protect the cell from mechanical damage and contain a liquid electrolyte therein.

The battery can have an open circuit voltage of 1.5V or greater.

Referring now to fig. 3, a three-dimensional representation of some embodiments of a fully formed ophthalmic lens using a stacked-layer substrate insert is shown, wherein item 210 is illustrated as item 300. The representation shows a partially cut away portion of the ophthalmic lens to understand the different layers present within the device. Item 320 shows a cross-section of the host material of the encapsulation layer of the substrate insert. This term surrounds the entire periphery of the ophthalmic lens. It may be clear to those skilled in the art that the actual insert may comprise a full annular ring or other shape that is still able to be within the size limitations of a typical ophthalmic lens.

Items 330,331, and 332 are intended to illustrate three of the multiple layers that may be present in a substrate insert formed as a functional layer stack. In some embodiments, the monolayer may include one or more of the following: active and passive components and portions having structural, electrical or physical characteristics that are advantageous for a particular purpose.

Layer 330 may include a power source, such as one or more of the following: a battery, a capacitor, and a receiver within layer 330. Thus, in a non-limiting exemplary sense, item 331 can include a microcircuit in a layer that detects an actuation signal for an ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, a power regulation layer 332 may be included that is capable of receiving power from an external source to charge the battery layer 330 and control the use of battery power from the layer 330 when the lens is not in a charging environment. The power conditioning source may also control the signal to the exemplary active lens, shown as item 310 in the central ring cut of the substrate insert.

The energized lens with embedded substrate insert may include an energy source, such as an electrochemical cell or battery of energy storage components, and in some embodiments, the material is encapsulated and isolated including the energy source from the environment in which the ophthalmic lens is placed.

In some embodiments, the substrate insert further comprises a circuit pattern, a component, and an energy source. Various embodiments may include a substrate insert that positions the circuit pattern, components and energy source at the periphery of the optical zone through which the lens wearer can view, while other embodiments may include such circuit patterns, components and energy sources: they are small enough not to adversely affect the wearer's field of view of the contact lens, so that the substrate insert can position them either inside or outside the optical zone.

Generally, according to the embodiments described above, the substrate insert 111 is embedded in an ophthalmic lens via an automated device that places an energy source at a desired location relative to the mold members used to make the lens.

Figure 4 shows a closer cross-sectional view of some embodiments of a stacked functional layer insert 400. In some embodiments, the body of the ophthalmic lens 410 has embedded therein a functionalized layer insert 420 that surrounds and connects to the active lens component 450. It may be clear to those skilled in the art that this example shows only one of many embodiments of embedded functionality that may be placed in an ophthalmic lens.

Multiple layers are shown in the stacked layer portion of the insert. In some embodiments, the layer may include a plurality of semiconductor-based layers. For example, item 440 (i.e., the bottom layer in the stack) may be a thin silicon layer having circuitry defined thereon for various functions. Another thin silicon layer may be found in the stack as item 441. In a non-limiting example, such a layer may vary with the power-up condition of the device. In some embodiments, the silicon layers may be electrically insulated from each other by an intermediate insulating layer shown as item 450. The portions of the surface layers of items 440,450, and 441 that overlap each other can be bonded to each other by using an adhesive film. It may be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of adhesives may have desirable properties for adhering and passivating the thin silicon layer to the insulator (e.g., epoxy).

The plurality of stacked layers may include an additional layer 442, which may include, in a non-limiting example, a thin silicon layer having circuitry capable of activating and controlling the active lens components. As described above, when the stacked layers need to be electrically insulated from each other, a stacked insulating layer may be included between the electroactive layers, and in this example, item 451 may represent such an insulating layer, including a portion of the stacked layer interposer. In some examples described herein, reference has been made to a layer formed from a thin silicon layer. The scope of use of the general techniques can be extended to different embodiments where the material definition of the thin stacked layers includes, in a non-limiting manner, other semiconductor, metal or composite layers. And the function of the thin layer may include circuitry but may also include other functions such as signal reception, energy processing and storage, and energy reception, to name a few. In some embodiments with different material types, it may be desirable to select different adhesives, encapsulating materials, and other materials that interact with the stack of layers. In an exemplary embodiment, a thin layer of epoxy may bond three silicon layers, shown as 440,441 and 442, with two silicon oxide layers 450 and 451.

As described in some examples, the thin stack of layers may include circuitry formed in a silicon layer. There are many ways of fabricating such layers, however, the standards and state of the art semiconductor processing equipment can utilize general processing steps to form electronic circuits on silicon wafers. After the circuits are formed in place on the silicon wafer, the wafer may be thinned from several hundred microns to a thickness of 50 microns or less using wafer processing equipment. After thinning, the silicon circuits can be cut or "diced" from the wafer into the appropriate shape for an ophthalmic lens or other application. In the following, different exemplary shapes of the stacked layer invention disclosed herein are shown in fig. 6. This will be discussed in detail below; however, the "slicing" operation may use various technical options to cut out thin layers having curved, circular, annular, rectilinear, and other more complex shapes.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to provide electrical contact between stacked layers when the stacked layers perform a function related to electrical current. In the general technical field of semiconductor packaging, such electrical connections between stacked layers have a general solution comprising: wire bonding, solder bumping, and wire deposition methods. Some embodiments of wire deposition may use a printing method in which a conductive ink is printed between two connection pads. In other embodiments, the wire may be physically defined by an energy source (e.g., a laser) that interacts with a gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical medium capable of creating an electrical connection where the energy source impinges. Other embodiments of interconnect definition may be obtained from a photolithographic process, either before or after depositing the metal film by various means.

In the present invention, one or more of the layers may have metal contact pads that are not covered by a passivation and insulating layer if the one or more layers need to transmit electrical signals to the outside thereof. In many embodiments, these pads will be located on the periphery of the layer where subsequent stacked layers do not cover the area. In an example of this type of embodiment, interconnect wires 430 and 431 are shown in fig. 4 as electrically connecting peripheral regions of layers 440,441 and 442. It may be apparent to those skilled in the art that there may be a variety of layouts or designs for locating the electrical connection pads and ways to electrically connect the various pads together. Furthermore, it may be apparent that different circuit designs may result from the selection of which electrical link pads are connected and which pads are connected to which other pads. In addition, the function of the wire interconnection between pads may vary in different embodiments, including the following functions, to name a few: electrical signal connections, receiving electrical signals from external sources, electrical power connections, and mechanical stabilization.

In the previous discussion, it was proposed that the non-semiconductor layer may comprise one or more of the stacked layers in the present technique. It may be apparent that there may be a wide variety of applications that originate from the non-semiconductor layer. In some embodiments, the layer may define a power source, such as a battery. In some cases, this type of layer may have a semiconductor that serves as a support substrate for the supporting chemical layer, or may have a metal or insulating substrate in other embodiments. Other layers may be derived from layers that are primarily metallic in nature. These layers may define an antenna, a thermal conduction path, or other functions. There may be many combinations of semiconductor and non-semiconductor layers, including applications that are useful within the spirit of the present techniques.

In some embodiments where there is an electrical connection between the stacked layers, the electrical connection needs to be sealed after the connection is defined. There are a variety of methods that may be consistent with the technology herein. For example, an epoxy or other adhesive material used to hold the various stacked layers together may be repeatedly applied to the areas having electrical interconnections. Additionally, in some embodiments, a passivation film may be deposited over the entire device to encapsulate the regions for interconnection. It may be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of encapsulation and sealing schemes may be used in the art to protect, reinforce and seal the stacked layer device and its interconnects and interconnect regions.

Assembling stacked functionalized layer inserts

With continued reference to fig. 5, a close-up view of an exemplary apparatus for assembling a stacked functionalized layer insert is illustrated (item 500). In this example, a stacking technique is shown in which the stacked layers are not aligned on either side of the layers. Items 440,441 and 442 can likewise be silicon layers. On the right side of the figure, it can be seen that the right side edges of items 440,441 and 442 are not aligned with each other, which may be the case in alternative embodiments. Such a stacking method may allow the insert to take on a three-dimensional shape similar to the overall contour of the ophthalmic lens. Also in some embodiments, such stacking techniques may allow the layers to be made with the largest surface area possible. Such surface area maximization can be important in layers that function for energy storage and circuitry.

Generally, many of the structures of the previously described stacked inserts can be observed in fig. 5, including the stacked functional layers 440,441 and 442; stacked insulating layers 450 and 451; and interconnects 430 and 431. Additionally, a support fixture for supporting the stacked functionalized layer insert when assembled may be observed (item 510). It may be apparent that the surface profile of item 510 may take on a number of shapes that alter the three-dimensional shape of the insert on the surface.

Generally, the clamp 510 may be provided with a predetermined shape. Which may be coated with different layers (item 520) for many purposes. In some embodiments, in a non-limiting manner, the coating may first include a polymer layer that allows for easy incorporation of the insert into the base material of the ophthalmic lens, and may even be formed of a silicone polymer material. Next, an epoxy coating may be deposited over the silicone polymer coating to adhere the bottom thin functional layer 440 to the coating 520. The bottom surface of the next insulating layer 450 may be coated with a similar epoxy coating and then placed in its proper position on the fixture. It may be clear that in some embodiments the clamp may have the function of aligning the correct arrangement of the various stacked layers with respect to each other when assembling the device. The remainder of the insert may then be assembled in an iterative manner, defining the interconnects, and then encapsulating the insert. In some embodiments, the encapsulated insert is subsequently coated with a silicone polymer coating from top to bottom. In some embodiments using a silicone polymer coating for item 520, the assembled insert may be separated from the fixture 510 by hydration of the silicone polymer coating.

The clamp 510 may be formed from a variety of materials. In some embodiments, the fixture may be formed and fabricated from similar materials used to fabricate molded parts in the fabrication of standard contact lenses. Such use can support the flexible formation of a variety of clip types for different insert shapes and designs. In other embodiments, the clip may be formed from: the material does not adhere to the chemical mixture used to bond the different layers to each other by itself or when provided with a special coating. It will be apparent that there are many options for the configuration of such a clamp.

Another aspect of the fixture shown as item 510 is its shape to physically support the layer located thereon. In some embodiments, the interconnections between layers may be formed by wire bonded connectors. During wire bonding, significant force is applied to the wire to ensure that a good bond is formed. Structural support of the layers may be important in such a bonding process and may be performed by the support fixture 510.

Yet another function of the fixture shown as item 510 is to have alignment structures on the fixture that enable the components of the functionalized layer to be aligned not only linearly with respect to each other, but also radially along the surface. In some embodiments, the fixture may align the azimuthal angles of the functional layers relative to each other about a center point. Regardless of the final shape of the manufactured insert, it may be apparent that the component fixture may be adapted to ensure that the components of the insert are properly aligned for their function and proper interconnection.

With continued reference to FIG. 6, a more general discussion of the shape of the stacked layer insert may be found. In a subset of general shapes in accordance with the present technique, some substantial shape variation is shown. For example, item 610 shows a top view of a stacked insert formed from substantially circular layered pieces. In some embodiments, the cross-hatched regions 611 may be annular regions in which layer material is removed. However, in other embodiments, it may be apparent that the assembly used to form the stacked layers of the insert may be a disk without an annular region. While the utility of such non-annular insert shapes in ophthalmic applications may be limited, the nature of the inventive technique herein is not intended to be limited by the presence of an internal annulus.

In some embodiments, item 620 may show different embodiments of stacked functional layer inserts. As shown in item 621, in some embodiments, the layer may not only be discontinuous in the stacking direction, but also discontinuous around an azimuthal direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. In some embodiments, the insert may be formed using a semi-circular assembly. It will be apparent that in a shape having an annular region, the local shape may be adapted to reduce the amount of material that needs to be "sliced" or cut away after the layer material is formed to have its function.

Further, item 630 illustrates definable non-radial, non-elliptical, and non-circular insert shapes. A rectilinear shape may be formed, as shown in item 630, or other polygonal shapes may be formed, as described in item 640. In a three-dimensional perspective cone, the different shapes of the various layers used to form the insert may produce a cone or other geometric shape. In a more general sense, it may be apparent to those skilled in the art that a wide variety of shapes may be formed into shapes and products to discuss the more general case where shapes may be made with functionality, energization, activation, and the like.

Conclusion

As described above and further defined by the following claims, the present invention provides devices and methods for stacked functional layer inserts, apparatus for implementing such methods, and ophthalmic lenses formed to include stacked layers.

Claims (22)

1. A stacked functionalized layer device, comprising:

a first thin-film substrate;

a first adhesive film disposed on a first surface of the first thin substrate; and

a second thin substrate shaped as a ring having an outer radius smaller than an outer radius of the first thin substrate, wherein the second thin substrate is stacked on the first adhesive film of the first thin substrate, and one of the first thin substrate and the second thin substrate includes an energy source.

2. The stacked functionalized layer device of claim 1, wherein:

the other of the first and second thin-film substrates includes electronic circuitry formed thereon.

3. The stacked functionalized layer device of claim 2, wherein:

the energy source comprises an electrochemical energizing assembly.

4. The stacked functionalized layer device of claim 2, further comprising a wire-based power source in electrical communication with the electronic circuit.

5. The stacked functionalized layer device of claim 4, further comprising an encapsulation layer comprising poly-p-xylene.

6. The stacked functionalized layer device of claim 4, further comprising an encapsulation layer comprising one or more metals.

7. The stacked functionalized layer device of claim 6, wherein the one or more metals comprise one or both of: aluminum and titanium.

8. The stacked functionalized layer apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising an encapsulation layer of a silicone polymer.

9. An ophthalmic lens, comprising:

an insert comprised of stacked electrically functional layers, wherein at least one of the electrically functional layers comprises a source of electrical energy and at least one of the electrically functional layers is shaped as a circular ring; and

a polymeric lens form in which the insert is embedded.

10. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, wherein:

the source of electrical energy comprises at least one electrochemical cell.

11. The ophthalmic lens of claim 10, wherein:

at least one of the electrically functional layers comprises a semiconductor layer having an electronic circuit capable of controlling the flow of current from the at least one electrochemical cell.

12. The ophthalmic lens of claim 11, wherein:

the electronic circuit is electrically connected to an electro-active lens component within the ophthalmic lens.

13. The ophthalmic lens of claim 10, further comprising an electro-active lens.

14. The ophthalmic lens of claim 13, further comprising a metal layer that functions as an antenna.

15. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, wherein the electrical energy source comprises at least one of a battery, a capacitor, and a receiver.

16. The ophthalmic lens of claim 15, wherein the electrical energy source comprises a thin film battery.

17. The ophthalmic lens of claim 16, wherein the thin film battery is encapsulated in a material to prevent ingress of at least one of oxygen and moisture.

18. The ophthalmic lens of claim 17, wherein the electrical functional layer is capable of electrical communication outside of an encapsulant material.

19. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, further comprising a linear battery.

20. The ophthalmic lens of claim 19, wherein the linear battery provides a voltage capacity of at least about 1.5 volts.

21. The ophthalmic lens of claim 20, wherein the linear cell comprises a conductive wire coated with a zinc anode coating, a separator coating, and a silver oxide cathode coating.

22. The ophthalmic lens of claim 9, further comprising an adhesive film adhering surfaces of the electrical functional layers to each other.