HK1190175B - Methods of removing rust from a ferrous metal-containing surface - Google Patents
Methods of removing rust from a ferrous metal-containing surface Download PDFInfo
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- HK1190175B HK1190175B HK14103227.3A HK14103227A HK1190175B HK 1190175 B HK1190175 B HK 1190175B HK 14103227 A HK14103227 A HK 14103227A HK 1190175 B HK1190175 B HK 1190175B
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Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method of removing rust from a surface containing iron species, and the like.
Background
During processing, or simply exposure to the atmosphere, a metal oxide layer, i.e. rust, often forms on all or part of the ferrous metal surface, thereby impairing its appearance and/or suitability for further use. One example is steel, such as mild steel used in the manufacture of various articles. Therefore, it is often desirable to remove the metal oxide layer. Generally, such removal is accomplished by treating the corroded metal surface with a strong acid, such as nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, or phosphoric acid. However, these highly acidic, corrosive and harsh chemicals are generally undesirable from an environmental and safety standpoint.
In some cases the iron species to be treated are positioned in a substantially vertical orientation, as may be the case for example with large structures (such as tanks, ships and other vehicles, and bridges, etc.). In addition, sprayable products are often desired for convenient and effective use.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a method of removing rust from ferrous-containing surfaces (including those positioned in a substantially vertical manner) by using a sprayable composition that is free of environmentally undesirable strong acids.
Summary of The Invention
In certain aspects, the present invention relates to a method of removing rust from a ferrous metal-containing surface. The method includes contacting the surface with a composition comprising: (a) a carboxylic acid; (b) synthetic hectorite clay; and (c) water. The invention also relates to ferrous surfaces and the like treated by the aforementioned method.
Detailed description of embodiments of the invention
For the purposes of the following detailed description, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. Moreover, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing, for example, quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Notwithstanding that the resin ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
Moreover, it should be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "1 to 10" is intended to include all sub-ranges (and inclusive of the endpoints) between the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, that is, a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10. In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural, and the plural encompasses the singular unless specifically stated otherwise. In addition, in this application, the use of "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise, but "and/or" may be explicitly used in certain instances.
As previously mentioned, the rust removed in the methods of the present invention is "red rust," which as used herein refers to a coating or film formed on iron or steel by oxidation (e.g., during exposure to air and/or moisture) that Includes Iron (II) oxide (FeO, wustite), α phase iron (III) oxide (α -Fe), and2O3hematite), β phase iron (III) oxide(β-Fe2O3) Gamma phase iron (III) oxide (gamma-Fe)2O3Magnetite), phase iron (III) oxide (-Fe)2O3) Iron (II) hydroxide (Fe (OH)2) Iron (III) hydroxide (Fe (OH)3Bernalite), and/or hydrated forms and combinations of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, the iron oxide removed in the methods of the present invention is generally referred to as "mill scale," which as used herein refers to a coating or film formed on iron or steel by oxidation (e.g., during exposure to air, moisture, and/or heat) that includes iron (II, III) oxide (Fe)3O4Magnetite), α phase iron (III) oxide (α -Fe)2O3Hematite, iron (II) hydroxide Fe (OH)2(III) hydroxide (Fe (OH)3Bernalite), and/or hydrated forms and combinations of any of the foregoing.
Metal surfaces that may be treated in the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, surfaces consisting of: cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, steel coated with zinc metal, zinc compounds, or zinc alloys, such as electrogalvanized steel, hot-dip galvanized steel, and steel electroplated with zinc alloys. Surfaces composed of low carbon steel may be treated in the method of the present invention. As used herein, low carbon steel refers to low carbon steel containing less than 0.25wt% carbon.
In the method of the present invention, the metal surface is contacted with a composition comprising a carboxylic acid. In certain embodiments, the carboxylic acid selected for use in the compositions described herein has a water solubility >1g/L at 20 ℃. Carboxylic acids suitable for use in the compositions used in the methods of the invention include, for example, monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, methylacetic acid, butyric acid, ethylacetic acid, n-valeric acid, n-butyric acid, acrylic acid, propiolic acid, methacrylic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, lepargilic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid; aliphatic hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartronic acid, glyceric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citramalic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, leucine, mevalonic acid, pantoic acid, ricinoleic acid, cerebronic acid, quinic acid, and shikimic acid; aromatic hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid, naphtholic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, pyrocatechol acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, bryozoac acid, gallic acid, mandelic acid, benzilic acid, atrolactic acid, melissic acid, phloroglucinic acid, coumaric acid, umbellic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and erucic acid. Mixtures of any of the foregoing may also be used.
In certain embodiments, the carboxylic acid is present in the composition used in the methods of the present invention in an amount of at least 1 weight percent, such as at least 10 weight percent, or, in some cases, at least 15 weight percent, wherein the weight percent is based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the carboxylic acid is present in the composition used in the methods of the present invention in an amount of no more than 50 weight percent, such as no more than 30 weight percent, or in some cases no more than 25 weight percent, wherein the weight percent is based on the total weight of the composition.
In the method of the present invention, the composition in contact with the ferrous containing surface further comprises a synthetic hectorite clay. The presence of the synthetic hectorite clay in the compositions described herein results in a thickened composition having high shear thinning, thixotropic rheology. Thus, the composition is sprayable using conventional spray equipment (including those described below) and has been found to remain on the ferrous surfaces for a time sufficient to effectively remove rust, even if the surfaces are oriented substantially vertically. The term "substantially vertically" as used herein means substantially perpendicular (i.e., within ± 20% of perpendicular) to the surface of the ferrous metal or other surface on which it is disposed. In fact, it has been surprisingly found that the use of synthetic hectorite clay, as opposed to other thickeners, including other thixotropic clays (e.g., kaolin and bentonite clays), produces a composition that is both sprayable under ambient conditions and effective in removing rust from iron-containing surfaces, even when the surfaces are oriented substantially vertically. It is presently believed that the amount of other thixotropic clays that would be required to produce an effective composition for removing rust from a substantially vertically oriented surface is non-sprayable under ambient conditions. As used herein, "ambient conditions" means 23 ℃ and atmospheric pressure.
Synthetic hectorite clays suitable for use in the compositions described herein include, for example, LAPONITE RD, LAPONITE RDs, and LAPONITE JS, including combinations thereof. As can be appreciated, each of these is NaO according to the formula3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2Layer-structured hydrous magnesium silicate. LAPONITE RD is a free-flowing synthetic layered silicate having a bulk density of 1,000kg/m3Surface area (BET) of 370m2(iv)/g, pH of 2% suspension in water 9.8, wherein the composition is 59.5% SiO on dry weight basis2、27.5%MgO、0.8%Li2O, and 2.8% Na2And O. LAPONITE RDS is also a synthetic layered silicate with a bulk density of 1,000kg/m3Surface area (BET) 330m2(ii)/g, pH of a 2% suspension in water is 9.7 wherein the composition is 54.5% SiO on a dry weight basis2、26.0%MgO、0.8%Li2O、5.6%Na2O, and 4.1% P2O5. Synthetic hectorites, such as those described above, typically have a particle size of 1 to 30 nanometers in average diameter.
In certain embodiments, the synthetic hectorite clay is present in the composition used in the method of the present invention in an amount of at least 1 weight percent, such as at least 2 weight percent, or in some cases at least 3 weight percent, wherein the weight percent is based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the synthetic hectorite clay is present in the composition used in the method of the present invention in an amount of no more than 10 weight percent, such as no more than 6 weight percent, or in some cases no more than 5 weight percent, wherein the weight percent is based on the total weight of the composition.
In certain embodiments, the composition used in the methods of the present invention further comprises a source of chloride ions. The presence of a source of chloride ions may be particularly advantageous when removal of mill scale is required or desired. Suitable sources of chloride ions include, for example, hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, and the like.
In certain embodiments, the source of chloride ions is present in the compositions used in the methods of the present invention in an amount of at least 1 weight percent, such as at least 2 weight percent, or in some cases at least 3 weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the source of chloride ions is present in the compositions used in the methods of the present invention in an amount of no more than 10 weight percent, such as no more than 8 weight percent, or in some cases no more than 6 weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the composition.
In certain embodiments, the composition used in the methods of the present invention further comprises an organic solvent, such as a water-miscible organic solvent. Suitable such solvents include mono-or dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol, or mono-, di-, or trialkyl ethers of triethylene glycol and its acetate derivatives. The alkyl group typically ranges from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Suitable examples are saturated diols containing at least four carbon atoms or compounds containing formula I:
wherein: r is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms and- (O) C-CH3；R1Is independently selected from-CH2、-CH2-CH-、-CH2-CH(CH3) -, and-CH (CH)2OH)-；R2Independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms and- (O) C-CH3。
Exemplary solvents are cellosolve (trademark of monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol), methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, isobutyl cellosolve, hexyl cellosolve, carbitol (trademark of monoethyl ether of diethylene glycol), butyl carbitol, hexyl carbitol, monobutyl ether of propylene glycol, monopropyl ether of propylene glycol, monomethyl ether of dipropylene glycolButoxy triethylene glycol C4H9O(C2H4-O)3H, methoxy triethylene glycol CH3O(C2H4-O-)3H, ethoxy triethylene glycol C2H5O(C2H4O)3H, 1, butoxyethoxy-2-propanol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (molecular weight up to 2000), hexylene glycol, 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol; 1, 5-pentanediol, esterdiol-204 (2, 2-dimethyl-3-trihydroxypropyl 2, 2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionate), and the like.
Suitable water-miscible alcohols useful in the present invention have 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, methylpentanol, and the like
Suitable water-miscible aliphatic ketones which may be used in the present invention are acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methoxy acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isophorone, acetyl acetone (2, 4-pentanedione), diacetone alcohol (CH)3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3。
In certain embodiments, the organic solvent is present in the composition used in the methods of the present invention in an amount of at least 1 weight percent, such as at least 2 weight percent, or in some cases at least 3 weight percent, wherein the weight percent is based on the total weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the source of chloride ions is present in the compositions used in the methods of the present invention in an amount of no more than 10 weight percent, such as no more than 8 weight percent, or in some cases no more than 6 weight percent, where the weight percent is based on the total weight of the composition.
The compositions used in the methods of the present invention may also comprise any of a variety of optional ingredients, such as colorants, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, preservatives, fillers, abrasives, buffers, fragrances, and the like.
The remainder of the composition used in the process of the invention is typically water, such as deionized water.
In certain embodiments, the compositions used in the methods of the present invention are substantially free, completely free, of strong acids, such as phosphoric acid and/or sulfuric acid, that generate environmentally undesirable byproducts. As used herein, "substantially free," when used in the compositions described herein without a strong acid, means that the composition comprises less than 1 wt.%, such as less than 0.1 wt.% of a strong acid. As used herein, "completely free" means that the composition is completely free of strong acids.
In certain embodiments, the compositions used in the methods of the invention have a low shear viscosity ("low shear viscosity" as used herein means a CP50-1/TG spindle at 0.01s with a Physica MCR301 viscometer(-1)And the viscosity measured at 23 ℃ for 70 seconds. ) Is at least 1,000Pa · s, such as at least 2,000Pa · s, or in some cases at least 4,000Pa · s, or at least 5,000Pa · s. In certain embodiments, the compositions used in the methods of the present invention have high shear viscosity ("high shear viscosity" as used herein means a CP50-1/TG spindle at 10 with a Physica MCR301 viscometer(4)s(-1)At a shear rate of (3) at 23 ℃ for 5 seconds. ) Is not more than 0.50 pas, such as not more than 0.1 pas, or in some cases not more than 0.01 pas.
In certain embodiments, the pH of the composition used in the methods of the invention is no more than 6.0, such as from 2.0 to 5.0, or in some cases from 3.0 to 4.0.
In the method of the present invention, the composition is contacted with the metal-containing surface by any of a variety of methods, such as by brushing, spraying, or dipping. The compositions described herein are particularly suitable for spray application using conventional pressure tank equipment or HVLP equipment. Due to the thixotropic nature of the compositions described herein, the methods of the present invention may be suitable for substantially vertically orienting ferrous surfaces, such as may be the case with, for example, large structures, such as tanks, bridges, ships and other vehicles, and the like.
After application, the composition is allowed to remain on the metal-containing surface to remove rust to the extent desired and needed. The contact time is typically at least 5 minutes to several hours, usually at least 30 minutes, and in some cases at least 3 or 4 hours, depending on the degree of staining and the temperature at which cleaning is carried out. The rust cleaned surface may then be washed with water to remove the composition, loose rust, and dissolved rust described herein. In some cases, it may be desirable to administer a composition described herein more than once. It may also be desirable to mechanically remove loose rust and scale, for example, by wire brushing, prior to application of the compositions described herein.
The invention also relates in particular to metal surfaces treated by the method according to the invention.
The following examples illustrate the invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention to the details thereof. The parts and percentages in the examples, as well as throughout the specification, are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
5 solutions were prepared with the ingredients and amounts (in grams) listed in Table 1. The rusted panels were prepared by washing 3x4 inch bare cold rolled steel panels (available from ACT TestPanels LLC273Industrial, dr. hillsdale, MI49242) with a commercially available alkaline cleaner (CK2010, available from PPG Industries, Inc.) and then placing the panels in a salt spray booth for 4 hours. The plate was rinsed with deionized water and air dried at ambient conditions, and then the solution was applied.
TABLE 1
| Composition (I) | Example 1A | Example 1B | Example 1C | Example 1D | Example 1E |
| Laponite RD1 | 6 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Klucel M2 | -- | 1.5 | -- | -- | -- |
| Klucel H3 | -- | -- | 1.5 | -- | -- |
| Polyvinyl pyrrolidone4 | -- | -- | -- | 15 | -- |
| Gelatin (calf skin)5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 15 |
| Deionized water | 114 | 118.5 | 118.5 | 105 | 105 |
| Citric acid | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
1Laponite RD is commercially available from Southern Clay Products, Inc. In example 1A, Laponite RD was added to water according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Citric acid was then added slowly while stirring the solution.
2Klucel M is hydroxypropyl cellulose (M)wAbout 850,000) available from Hercules Inc. In example 1B, the Klucel M material was sprinkled in water with stirring. After the material had dissolved, citric acid was slowly added with stirring.
3Klucel H is hydroxypropyl cellulose (M)wAbout 1,150,000) available from Hercules Inc. In example 1C, the Klucel H material was sprinkled in water with stirring. After the material had dissolved, citric acid was slowly added with stirring.
4Polyethylene basePyrrolidone, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich Co., average M thereofwIs about 1,300,000. In example 1D, polyvinylpyrrolidone was sprinkled in water with stirring. After the material had dissolved, citric acid was slowly added with stirring.
5Gelatin is commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich Co. In example 1E, gelatin was sprinkled into water with stirring. After the material had dissolved, citric acid was slowly added with stirring.
Test substrate
A portion of each of the above solutions was applied with a test tube to a set of tarnished steel plates placed at an angle of about 80 ° to the horizontal. After 2 hours, the panels were rinsed with deionized water and checked for approximate percentage of rust removed. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Examples | Approximately% of rust removed |
| 1A | 100 |
| 1B | 80 |
| 1C | 90 |
| 1D | 50 |
| 1E | 30 |
Example 2
Three solutions were prepared with the ingredients and amounts (in grams) listed in table 3. In each example, the clay was sprinkled into the water with stirring. The Laponite RD containing material showed increased viscosity after a few minutes of incorporation. Within 20 minutes, the solution became clear and no particles were visible. The bentonite solution showed a very slight change in viscosity upon addition of water and the material remained opaque, blue-green in color. The kaolin material did not show any change in viscosity after addition. After the addition of each clay, the solution was stirred for about 20 minutes, citric acid was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes.
TABLE 3
| Composition (I) | Example 2A | Example 2B | Example 2C |
| Deionized water | 380 | 380 | 380 |
| Laponite RD1 | 20 | -- | -- |
| Bentonite clay2 | -- | 20 | -- |
| Kaolin clay2 | -- | -- | 20 |
| Citric acid | 100 | 100 | 100 |
1Commercially available from Southern Clay Products, Inc.
2Commercially available from VWR International, LLC.
Rusted panels were prepared as described in example 1. The three solutions were applied by spraying with a garden sprayer onto a plate placed at an angle of approximately 80 ° to the horizontal. After 1 hour, the panel was rinsed with water and visually evaluated for rust removal. Approximately 100% of the rust was removed by the solution of example 2A, while neither of examples 2B and 2C showed any removal of rust.
The rheology of the three solutions was measured at 23 ℃ and various shear rates using a Paar-Physica MCR301 rheometer with CP50-1/TG spindles. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
| Shear Rate (1/s) | Example 2A (Pa s) | Example 2B (Pa s) | Example 2C (Pa s) |
| 0.01 | 5,040 | 35.8 | 8.92 |
| 0.1 | 457 | 4.65 | 1.03 |
| 1 | 54.2 | 0.551 | 0.115 |
| 10 | 4.42 | 0.0678 | 0.0295 |
| 100 | 0.319 | 0.0141 | 0.00693 |
| 1000 | 0.0683 | 0.00641 | 0.00328 |
Example 3
Three solutions containing the same theoretical amount of chloride ion were prepared using the ingredients and amounts (in grams) listed in table 5. In each case Laponite RD was added to the water according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Citric acid was then added slowly with stirring of the solution. For example 3A, hydrochloric acid was then added dropwise with stirring. For example 3B, sodium chloride was then added with stirring. For example 3C, ammonium chloride was then added with stirring.
TABLE 5
| Composition (I) | Example 3A | Example 3B | Example 3C |
| Deionized water | 317.5 | 342.9 | 346.1 |
| Laponite RD | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Citric acid | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 37%HCl1 | 62.5 | -- | -- |
| NaCl1 | -- | 37.1 | -- |
| NH4Cl1 | -- | -- | 33.9 |
1Commercially available from VWR International, LLC.
Rusted panels were prepared as in example 1. The three solutions were applied to a plate placed at an angle of approximately 80 ° to the horizontal. After 1 hour, the panel was rinsed with water and visually evaluated for rust removal. Rust was removed by approximately 100% with all three solutions.
Example 4
Three solutions containing the same theoretical amount of carboxylic acid-containing compound were prepared using the ingredients and amounts (in grams) listed in table 6. In each case laponite rd was added to the water according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The acid was then added slowly with stirring of the solution.
TABLE 6
| Composition (I) | Example 4A | Example 4B | Example 4C |
| Deionized water | 106.5 | 106.5 | 116 |
| Laponite RD | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Lactic acid (80%, H)2O middle)1 | 37.5 | -- | -- |
| Tartaric acid (80%, H)2O middle)1 | -- | 37.5 | -- |
| Citric acid | -- | -- | 30 |
1Commercially available from VWR International, LLC.
Rusted panels were prepared as in example 1. The three solutions were applied to a plate placed at an angle of approximately 80 ° to the horizontal. After 1 hour, the panel was rinsed with water and visually evaluated for rust removal. Rust was removed by approximately 100% with all three solutions.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A method of removing rust from a ferrous metal-containing surface comprising contacting the surface with a composition comprising:
(a) carboxylic acids, wherein the carboxylic acids comprise oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartronic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citramalic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, or mixtures thereof;
(b) a synthetic hectorite clay present in an amount of at least 3 weight percent and no more than 10 weight percent based on a total weight of the composition; and
(c) and (3) water.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rust comprises iron oxide and/or iron hydroxide.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ferrous metal comprises steel.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the steel comprises a low carbon steel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is present in the composition in an amount of at least 10 wt% and no more than 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic hectorite clay has the formula NaO3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic hectorite has an average diameter in the range of 1 to 30 nanometers.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a source of chloride ions.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition has a low shear viscosity of at least 1,000 Pa-s and a high shear viscosity of no more than 0.50 Pa-s.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the composition has a low shear viscosity of at least 4,000 Pa-s and a high shear viscosity of no more than 0.01 Pa-s.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of the composition is no more than 6.0.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting comprises spraying said composition onto a ferrous metal-containing surface.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said ferrous metal-containing surface is oriented substantially vertically.
14. A method of removing rust from a ferrous metal-containing surface comprising spray applying a composition to at least a portion of the ferrous metal-containing surface, the composition comprising:
(a) carboxylic acids, wherein the carboxylic acids comprise oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartronic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citramalic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, or mixtures thereof;
(b) a synthetic hectorite clay present in an amount of at least 3 weight percent and no more than 10 weight percent based on a total weight of the composition; and
(c) the amount of water is controlled by the amount of water,
wherein (i) the ferrous metal-containing surface is oriented substantially vertically, and (ii) the composition has a low shear viscosity of at least 1,000 Pa-s and a high shear viscosity of no more than 0.50 Pa-s.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the composition further comprises a source of chloride ions.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/011,151 | 2011-01-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1190175A HK1190175A (en) | 2014-06-27 |
| HK1190175B true HK1190175B (en) | 2018-01-19 |
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