HK1187389A - Twin turbine system which follows the wind/water (windtracker) for wind and/or water power, with optimized blade shape - Google Patents

Description

Wind and/or water-compatible wind/water (wind tracker) double turbine system with optimized blade shape

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a turbine system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Background

Savonius turbines (Savonius turbines) are known (see also fig. 6). The rotors may comprise two horizontal discs attached to a vertical rotor shaft, and between the two discs two semi-circular curved blades are attached in a vertical position.

Even when the weight distribution is perfectly balanced, the decisive imbalance during rotation due to the cyclic varying load intensity from the flow is a characteristic of the savonius rotor. This imbalance due to load alternation can be minimized by arranging a greater number of blades, typically three rather than two. However, this greatly reduces the efficiency of the savonius rotor by about 30%.

Radial turbines have the major advantage of operating independently of the incoming wind direction, compared to known three-bladed wind generators having a horizontal axis of rotation and aircraft-type blades. Thus, a radial turbine with a vertical axis of rotation does not have to turn into the wind.

In a particularly economical embodiment, the radial turbine is provided with deflector plates which collect and deflect wind energy in a concentrated manner onto the blades of the radial turbine. This has the disadvantage, however, that, because of the deflector plate, no independence from the wind direction is achieved anymore. Therefore, radial turbines comprising deflector plates have to track the wind.

If the savonius turbine is equipped with deflector plates, it achieves low wind speeds but loses more at higher wind speeds.

Disclosure of Invention

Objects and solutions according to the invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: better use of wind energy is achieved with much higher efficiency than conventional savonius turbines. It should be possible to use the wind turbine of the present invention even when the wind may be too weak to drive a conventional savonius turbine.

Wind turbines will operate with no noise and minimal vibration so that they can be used even on residential buildings in urban areas.

Radial turbines will also be used which comprise deflector plates and which automatically turn to an optimal angular position with respect to the incoming wind and are therefore self-tracking without tracking means necessary for this purpose. The advantage of the deflector plate in a radial turbine is therefore the combination of the independence of the radial turbine from the incoming wind direction.

A minimum imbalance with high performance will be ensured by means of special structures and geometries.

The object according to the invention is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Savonius and Darrieus rotors are known to not increase in performance due to deflection plates. The savonius rotor is strengthened in weak winds, but this is conditional on speed and leads to losses at higher wind speeds. Since the turbine is dependent on the wind direction, it drops in overall efficiency.

This problem is solved by the present invention.

As a result of the aerodynamic nose (wind deflector) together with the new structure of the turbine, the energy yield is significantly increased at any wind intensity.

As a result of the optimal arrangement of the aerodynamic parts comprising the rotational connections, the turbine system follows the wind in any direction without motor drive.

As a result of the particular shape and arrangement of the turbine blades connected with wind deflectors (windsplitter) according to the parameter ranges given in claim 1, a rotation speed of up to three times that of the known savonius turbine is obtained, and an efficiency of up to 66% is obtained compared to the 28% efficiency achieved by the conventional turbine. The turbine according to the invention can be used even in very weak winds that would no longer be sufficient to drive a conventional savonius turbine.

In contrast to the savonius rotor, the wind turbine according to the invention does not have an imbalance of the type described above even in a particularly advantageous embodiment provided with three turbine blades.

It is also particularly advantageous to combine the geometry according to the invention of the turbine blade with a deflecting surface, also called wind deflector, according to claim 2.

Another important consideration is: it is assumed that there are two turbines in the system enclosed by the deflector plates and that the system has additional hypotenuse concentrating plates and/or wind directing plates attached above and below the turbines. As a result of the closed system and the additional concentration plates and/or wind guide plates, optimal use is made of a technique known as the magnus effect, and therefore the mast-mounted system according to the invention can automatically rotate with the wind and, therefore, always receive an optimal wind flow. This "windward rotation" has been illustrated in many specific models in natural wind.

The magnus effect, named after finding its heinrich gustaff magnus (1802-.

The rotating roller induces rotation in the fluid surrounding it by means of a friction effect. If there is additional flow over the rollers, the different velocities of the fluid overlap. Thus, the fluid around the rotating roll flows faster on one side than on the other side (the rest of the roll system). On the side of the roll where the friction effect is greater, the fluid appears to flow more rapidly. This results in a "deflection" of the roller, pushing the roller downwards (see fig. 10).

Examples of the invention

The football player kicks the football, causing the football to fly in an arc in the air into the goal. The more rapidly the ball spins, the greater the deviation of the path (curling cross, knuckleball).

Table tennis players and tennis players use this effect, for example, with spin and cut.

Curve ball in baseball and rising pitch in softball.

Rotary pitching in cricket

The golf ball has many small depressions on the surface called dimples. As spoilers, they improve the adhesion of the boundary layer against the ball and created by the rotation of the ball. This increases the formation of turbulence and the associated deflection of the balls due to the magnus effect. The golf ball spins rearward due to the wedge shape of the golf club, which rises through the magnus effect; it does not fly just like a cannonball, but experiences a rise. Additional deviations to the left or right are possible and are also used by athletes already in possession of the technique. Moreover, supercritical turbulent circulation reduces air resistance, and this in turn leads to greater flight distances.

According to the invention, high performance is achieved in combination with low installation costs, so that the cost-effectiveness in terms of power output is much greater than in known wind generators comprising horizontal shafts and blades of the aircraft wing type.

To increase cost effectiveness, a ring generator is provided for power generation. Furthermore, to further increase cost effectiveness, masts and wind deflectors can be used as advertising space.

With the blade shape according to the invention of the individual turbines and the specific arrangement of the two turbines relative to each other, it is particularly advantageous that the two turbines do not interfere with each other, but rather promote each other even at low wind speeds, assisted by the low-frequency pressure oscillations generated in the rear chamber of the V-shaped wind deflector.

The radial turbine according to the invention can operate even at relatively low wind speeds compared to known wind generators comprising a horizontal shaft and three blades. Due to the magnus effect, the radial turbine according to the invention can be said to "pull in" the wind and increase the low wind speed. For example, the radial turbine according to the invention may also be used in circulating winds, where the wind speed is greater at small heights than at large heights where a three-bladed wind generator has to be operated solely because of the blade size. In any case too low a wind speed for the known three-bladed turbine is sufficient for the radial turbine according to the invention to produce energy.

If there are fluctuations in the wind direction, the radial turbine according to the invention automatically adjusts itself partly due to the magnus effect and immediately rotates to the optimum direction even at wind speeds of less than 1 m/s. A fast adaptation of this type of generator is not possible with the known three-bladed turbine.

Since the radial turbine according to the invention occupies only a small amount of space, it can be used as an add-on to a pre-existing component of a building or structural element, for example as an accessory to a street light.

Examples

In the following, several embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with the aid of the figures. Like reference numerals have the same meaning in all the figures and are therefore to be interpreted only once.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic cross section through a wind turbine according to a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention,

figure 2 is a graph of the free-running rotational speed plotted against the wind speed for a wind turbine according to the invention (upper curve and cross) and a conventional savonius wind turbine (lower curve and circle),

fig. 3 to 5 are graphs of the rotational speed of a wind turbine according to the invention and a conventional savonius wind turbine plotted against time, together with the incoming wind angle and the wind speed of the wind.

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional savonius wind turbine, showing its mode of operation,

figure 7 is a perspective view of a wind generator according to the invention comprising two radial turbines,

figure 8 shows a structural detail of an embodiment of the tubular mast mounting system as seen from the side according to a-a in figure 9,

figure 9 is a plan view of a wind power generator,

figure 10 shows the rotating rollers together with the surrounding fluid,

figure 11 shows a thin stream test in which,

fig. 12 to 14 show further variants with a modified wind deflector 29 and an additional concentration plate 30.

Figure 15 shows the torque versus rotational speed characteristics,

figure 16 shows a further characteristic which is characteristic of,

figures 17 to 26 are various perspective views of a wind power generator according to the present invention which has been further improved,

figure 27a shows a grid mast structure as and/or which may be used for a dedicated accumulator and turbine mounting system.

Figure 27b is a cross-section a-a,

fig. 28 shows the "supporting heart" of the rotating part fixed to the shaft.

Detailed Description

Wind flows in a main wind direction 101 and secondary wind directions 102, 103 onto the wind turbine according to the invention of fig. 1. The meaning of the remaining reference numerals in fig. 1 can be seen from the following tables 1 and 2, which tables 1 and 2 also specify for the parameters the ranges of values according to the invention and the particularly preferred values of the parameters in both embodiments.

The grid mast structure is arranged above the rotary connection, is used as and can be used as a framework for dedicated accumulator mounting systems and turbine systems.

The safety space is protected by the outer casing of the mast, preferably a thick-walled steel tube, and is earthed, and it can accommodate various sensitive technical components, which are located below the swivel connection,

without any additional cost. The use of a turbine system according to the invention makes it possible to create

Safe spaces, and may be in pre-existing infrastructure (streets, railways, etc.),

Wind generators are used in areas where erection would otherwise not be possible.

FIG. 2 shows a wind turbine according to the invention and the free transport of a Savonius wind turbine

Measurement of rotational speed of the rotor. The rotation speed in revolutions per minute is plotted against the wind speed in m/s. On the upper part

The side curve is an optimal simulation of the rotational speed values of the wind turbine according to the invention plotted using crosses

And (4) combining the wires. The measurements of a conventional savonius wind turbine are shown as circles. The lower side curve is

The best fit line.

It can be clearly seen that in the range of wind speeds from about 0.7m/s to 1.8m/s, conventionally

The savonius turbine is stationary, but the wind turbine according to the invention is at 50 to 150 per minute

The number of revolutions is rotational. In the wind speed range from about 1.7 to 2.7, the wind according to the invention

The force turbine rotates at a rotational speed that is about 2 to 15 times the rotational speed of a conventional savonius turbine.

Wind turbine according to the invention and conventional sav all exposed to the same wind conditions

A series of measurements of properties of both Nerns wind turbines are graphically illustrated in FIGS. 3-5

Shown. The upper curve 110 represents the corresponding angle of attack of the wind in the range from +80 ° to-80 °. Musical composition

Line 111 shows wind speeds in the range of 0m/s to 6.5m/s in the diagram. Curve 112

The rotational speed of the wind turbine according to the invention is shown in the range of 0 to 500 revolutions per minute.

Curve 113 shows the corresponding rotational speed of a conventional savonius wind turbine. Due to Savoniu

The wind turbine is often stationary at these wind speeds, so the curve 113 is always close to the zero line

Or even on the neutral line.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a savonius rotor shown by means of prior art. Showing the wind

Flow direction and rotational direction.

With respect to the prior art, it can additionally be confirmed that 2 basic types of wind generators have been successfully implemented.

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT), with incoming wind in the axial direction,

vertical axis wind turbines (HAWT), the incoming wind being transverse to the axial direction.

The inventive solution disclosed herein relates primarily to VAWTs, although horizontal installations with incoming wind flow transverse to the axial direction are also possible in certain situations.

There are also many variations/modifications among commercially available VAWT systems starting from 2 basic types, (see e.g. wikipedia "wind turbines" in germany):

savonius rotor

-Giromill/Darrieus (Darrieus) rotor.

Unlike the turbine according to the invention, the savonius rotor cannot run faster due to the deflection plates or surfaces. However, this may be demonstrated with the present invention.

The variations relate to the number and specific shape of the rotor blades, the attachment of wind directing elements, and in some cases the helical configuration for achieving a more constant speed during rotation. The solution according to the invention therefore relates to a particularly relatively precisely determined shape and an arrangement which has been found to be particularly effective in the development process.

The description of the invention is therefore supplemented by further embodiments in combination with the following further narrowly defined parameter spaces for describing the shape, similar to table 1.

A further embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention also corresponds to fig. 1; and wind flows onto the wind turbine in a main wind direction 101 and secondary wind directions 102, 103. The meaning of the remaining reference numerals in fig. 1 can be seen from table 2, which table 2 also specifies the addition or expansion of the values according to the invention for the parameters in the second exemplary embodiment and the particularly preferred values of the parameters.

For completeness, it should be noted that the ratio of the height (or length) to the radius of the turbine

May be in a wide range. That is, the height or length of the turbine, depending on the location of use

About 0.3 to 100 times the turbine radius and may also be used for structural or stability reasons

The long or high turbine wheel is understood by a positive connection of a plurality of turbine wheels to the shaft, which can be any desired

Optionally by means of a form-locking coupling.

The purpose of the turbine system is to extract energy from the wind in an optimal way, giving priority to obtaining electrical energy.

For this purpose, the generator is positively or non-positively, straight in a manner suitable for the turbine system

Is mechanically connected to the turbine shaft, either indirectly or indirectly via a transmission, and the turbine shaft is shaped

Is connected to the turbine in a locking or non-locking manner in order to ensure the transmission of force from the turbine to the generator.

In this context, one generator may be used for both turbines, or each turbine may be separate

The ground is connected to a corresponding generator.

The generator is controlled in a manner adapted to the wind speed, so that by regulating the power produced,

the electromagnetic braking torque being transmitted to the turbine so as to be arranged for energy conversion at the unbraked turbine

An optimum Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) between 45% and 65% of the tip speed ratio. This ensures

The maximum possible energy may always be "harvested".

In this embodiment, a height of about 20: the ratio of the radii being set, turbine on the shaft

Each mounted approximately every 5m and connected to each other via a flexible force-locking coupling and directly

Is connected to the end of the shaft, either indirectly via a transmission, and which comprises a current generator.

For increased efficiency, the two turbine deflector plate systems may advantageously be in reflection symmetry

Put together as a wind deflector system, so that for example in the case of a vertical axis of rotation,

the left deflector deflects the wind to the left turbine and the right deflector deflects the wind to the right turbine, e.g. along the main

As seen by the wind direction. In this context, the deflector plate may advantageously be in the form of a "nose" and have

With rounded "bridges" as connections between two deflector plates to form a closed wind guide

The system, i.e. the wind deflector.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a wind power generator according to the invention comprising two radial turbines 1, 2 and a V-shaped wind deflector 3, the radial turbines and wind deflector being attached to a steel mast 5 or another base part 6 so as to be rotatable (pivotable) on a vertical axis as a whole.

Preferably, the distance between the V-shaped wind deflector and the turbine is variable and adjustable in order to achieve optimal operating conditions for all wind conditions.

The V-shaped wind deflector is located in an optimal position as a function of the wind speed, based on the distance and inclination with respect to the turbine blades and the turbine shaft.

For an overall height of 20m, the height of the turbine is 10 m. The turbine has a diameter of 1 m. The expected capacity for a site on shore where a wind turbine captures circulating shore wind is about 21,700kWh with an average annual efficiency of 38%.

Figure 8 shows structural details of an embodiment of the tubular mast mounting system as seen from a side corresponding to a-a in figure 9. The three support plates 7, 8, 9 are attached to the 20m high steel mast 5 by means of bearings 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 so as to be rotatable about the longitudinal axis 15 of the steel mast 5. The lower support plate 7 has three swivel bearings 10 on the steel mast 5 and two turbine bearings 16, 17 on a turbine shaft 18. The central turbine plate 8 has three rotational bearings 12 and two turbine bearings 19, 20, and the upper support plate 9 has three rotational bearings 14 and two turbine bearings 21, 22. The turbine bearings 17, 20 and 22 are not shown in fig. 8 and are associated with another turbine.

The swivel bearings 10, 11 are held at a distance by a spacer ring 23 on the one hand and the swivel bearings 13, 14 are held at a distance by a spacer ring 24 on the other hand. The spacer ring is in the form of a hollow tube.

Finally, fig. 9 is a plan view of the wind power generator. The turbine blades 25 can be seen. When the wind generator according to the invention has been turned into the wind such that the ends of the V-shaped wind deflector 3 point opposite to the direction of the wind, the wind direction is also indicated by the arrow.

A test called a thin test is performed on the system according to the invention (fig. 11). Wind 28 up to 6m/s is blowing into the system. The ratio of the peripheral speed of the turbine to the wind is up to 3: 1. the point of interruption of the trickle direction (at the bottom of the picture) can be clearly seen in fig. 11. The system according to the invention is able to extract energy from the pressure difference or potential energy of the wind, rather than just the kinetic energy of the moving air.

The meaning of the reference numerals in fig. 11 can be seen from the list of reference numerals.

A side effect is a ping-pong ball "suspended" in an oblique air stream. As a result of the coanda effect, the flow of the air stream is not stripped from the ball, but (almost) completely surrounds the ball without being stripped off. Since the ball is suspended slightly below the center of the airflow, the wind does not flow symmetrically around it. Since the flow velocity and the flow cross section are smaller at the lower side of the ball than at the upper side of the ball, more air is deflected downwards. Thus, the ball experiences an upward force. This is superimposed on the magnus effect (ball spin). Each of the two effects prevents the ball from falling downward and only allows it to "slide" along the airflow on the underside. The resistance of the ball to flow keeps the ball some distance from the nozzle and gravity prevents the ball from simply being blown away. Thus, the ball may float in a more or less stable position.

Fig. 12 to 14 show further variants with a modified wind deflector 29 and an additional concentration plate 30.

Evaluation of static and dynamic torque measurements on a wind turbine of diameter 1m and length 1m according to the invention in the Moers (Mors) manner

In the evaluation, the following data are taken into account, either directly or indirectly:

static torque measurement (fixed torque), from 24 to 26 days 9/2010

Dynamic torque measurement, during the period from 11 months and 4 days to 8 days in 2010

Eddy-current brakes are also used during the dynamic measurement in each case, with which the various braking forces can be set by varying the coil current.

The measured values are checked for plausibility and evaluated using various averaging and filtering methods.

The resulting data for wind speeds between 2m/s and 8m/s are compiled in the table below.

Watch (A)

Data of the results of the evaluation in the mercers (moors) of the measurement of static and dynamic torques on a wind turbine according to the invention of diameter 1m and length 1m (9/11 months 2010)

Fig. 15 and 16 are graphs with corresponding interpolated lines.

FIG. 15: torque vs. speed characteristics, interpolated by an average Power Coefficient (PC) of 35%

Torque [ Nm ] versus rotational speed [ rpm ];

parameter wind speed [ m/s ]

Scheme (b):

measurement of |2m/s

3m/s measurement

X4m/s measurement

+5m/s measurement

6m/s from the measurement

■ 7m/s from measurement

X 8m/s from measurement

Maximum torque

Average torque

FIG. 16: characteristics of

Mechanical power

Extrapolation in the maximum power range with average PC =35%

Mechanical power [ w ] versus torque [ rpm ]; parameter wind speed [ m/s ]

Scheme (b):

■ 2m/s eddy current brake

3m/s eddy current brake

● 4m/s eddy current brake

-5m/s eddy current brake

From eddy-current brakes, |6m/s

7m/s from eddy current brake

8m/s from eddy current brake

Since dynamic measurement has been performed only with a relatively weak braking force so far, interpolated values outside the measurement range that have been confirmed so far are shown with broken lines. In this context, it has been assumed that: at the maximum power point, a power factor of 35% is achieved. Depending on the distribution of the result data, a sufficiently rigorous calibration verification of the measurement technique used can be placed temporarily at approximately 30-40%. Otherwise, systematic errors in the measurement technique must be additionally taken into account. More precisely, the power factor can be determined more accurately if further measurements at higher braking forces are taken into account.

The turbine system according to the invention may also advantageously be used for obtaining energy from the flow of water in water, that is to say as a marine turbine system.

Fig. 17 to 26 are various perspective views of a wind power generator according to the present invention, which has been further improved. It has in fact been established that the wind generator operates virtually noiselessly and with little vibration. Any compression oscillations are in the inaudible range below 20 Hz. The light and well-balanced structure of the rotating parts is the cause of the observed lack of vibration. The wind power generator is therefore excellent for use in urban areas and/or on buildings.

In a further embodiment, the grid mast structure, which serves and/or can serve as a framework for the dedicated accumulator and turbine mounting system, is provided above the rotary connection, which is fixed to the fixed mast (see fig. 27a and section a-a in the form of fig. 27 b). The cavity inside the grid mast provides sufficient space for safe installation/fastening of the energy storage and for load control; at the same time, the cable length from the generator can be kept short in order to keep ohmic losses low.

Since the lower region of the tower below the swivel connection is made of steel pipe, it forms a cavity which can be used for the safe installation of high-sensitivity technical components, since ventilation and/or heating and/or suitable air conditioning can be provided in particular with respect to the air humidity.

The base part can be used in the construction as a further energy store or as a reservoir or oil store and can be designed accordingly. The heat pump (with heat pipe) may be integrated into the base portion.

In the present invention, the turbine blades (vanes) are mounted on a plurality of milled support arms which are then fastened on both sides to the rotating part on the shaft by two "support hearts" screwed together. This reduces the weight and enables the turbine to reach full speed more quickly (see figure 28).

Furthermore, the supporting heart makes it possible to replace the turbine blade individually by screwing. Very heavy fixed disks entrained in the rotation and which are common in savonius turbines, are replaced by fixed lattice panels which are additionally rounded for better introduction into the wind. Thus, the weight of the rotating parts and the losses from the Thom effect (Thom effect) are greatly reduced. Wind energy can thus be obtained with a high level of efficiency.

The supporting heart used according to the invention is much lighter. The grid panels are held together by masts, which is a functional replacement for the heavy frame structure common in savonius turbines.

Advantageously, multiple wind trackers are grouped together to form a decentralized network communications energy supply system and other applications. It is therefore proposed to provide an arrangement of the turbine system and/or wind tracker according to the invention along traffic infrastructure such as streets, motorways, railway lines and canals, which arrangement is additionally provided for telecommunications, or to buffer the current from the power grid at low current draw, and/or to serve as an advertising medium and/or street lighting, and/or to provide a safe space.

List of reference numerals

1 radial turbine

2 radial turbine

3 wind deflector

5 steel mast

6 base plate

7 support plate

8 support plate

9 supporting plate

10 (rotating) bearing

11 (rotating) bearing

12 (rotating) bearing

13 (rotating) bearing

14 (rotating) bearing

15 longitudinal axis

16 turbine bearing

17 turbine bearing

18 turbine shaft

19 turbine bearing

20 turbine bearing

21 turbine bearing

22 turbine bearing

23 spacer ring

24 spacer ring

25 turbine blade

26 upper annular flange

27 guide flange

28 wind

29 modified deflection surface

30 concentrating plates or surfaces

31 magnus effect

32 kang Da Effect

33 magnus/kanda stack

34 high lift

35 negative pressure

36 overpressure

37 interruption of direction of trickle flow

110 upper curve

111 curve

112 curve

113 curve

201 milled support arm

202 support the heart

203 turbine blade

301 outside diameter of turbine or turbine blade

302 collecting the rounding 303 of the plates and/or the wind guiding plates

304 electric network mast

305V-shaped wind deflector

Claims (26)

1. Turbine system for wind and/or water power, the system comprising two radial turbines, characterized in that the radial turbines comprise a rotor which is rotatable about an axis and comprise one or more turbine blades which are oriented parallel to the rotor and which are arranged within a cylindrical shell which is arranged concentrically about the axis and has an outer diameter R1 and an inner diameter R2,

and, the inner diameter is

R2=f1×R1

Wherein f1=0.19 to 0.32,

and each turbine blade has a first region extending from the inner diameter R2 to the outer diameter R1, the first region being curved toward the shaft and having a radius of curvature

R3=f2×R1

Wherein f2=1.2 to 2.4; and

a second region which is adjacent to the first region on the outside and which is positioned on the outside of the cylindrical shell and has a curvature towards the axis which is directed to the same side as the curvature of the first region, and the radius of curvature R4 of the second region is

R4=f3×R1

Wherein f3 is greater than 0.7,

and the second region has a width as follows

B2=f8×R1

Wherein f8=0.11 to 0.19, and,

two radial turbines (1, 2) oriented parallel side by side are arranged with vertical rotation axes, connected to each other and pivotable about a pivot axis (15) parallel to a turbine axis (18), and the pivot axis and a V-shaped wind deflector (3) are positioned outside and on the same side of a connection line connecting the turbine axis.

2. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface oriented parallel to the rotor is arranged outside the cylindrical shell and has a width as follows:

B3=f₉×R1

wherein f is₉(ii) =0.7 to 2.5,

an edge (P3) of the deflecting surface facing the turbine shaft is at a distance A2

A2=f₆×R1

Wherein f is₆=0.25 to 0.55, the distance being from a first longitudinal section through the turbine shaft,

and at a distance A1

A1=f₅×R1

Wherein f is₅(ii) =1.00 to 1.10, this distance being the distance to a second longitudinal section through the turbine shaft, which is perpendicular to the first longitudinal section,

and the deflecting surface has an angle of attack, a =40 ° to 60 °, with respect to the first longitudinal section.

3. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the total width B1 of the turbine blade is

B1=f₇×R1

Wherein f is₇=0.9 to 1.1.

4. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein a kinked edge between the first region and the second region of the turbine blade has a radius of curvature

R5=f₄×R1

Wherein f is₄=0.01 to 0.08.

5. The turbine system of claim 1 wherein the turbine shaft is in the form of an axle having a diameter

D1=f₁₀×R1

Wherein f is₁₀=0.03 to 0.13.

6. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein three rotor blades are provided and arranged to be evenly distributed about the shaft and balanced.

7. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the two turbines rotate in opposite directions.

8. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein a ring generator is provided for generating electrical current.

9. Wind and/or water power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator can be controlled in order to set an optimal tip speed ratio of the turbine.

10. Turbine system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind and/or water power generator is fastened to a mast (5), a pontoon, a base part, a building roof or the like via a rotary connection.

11. Turbine system according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of wind and/or water generators are arranged one above the other and/or side by side on the mast.

12. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the wind and/or water power generator is automatically rotated to an optimal wind or water flow direction without a motor driven tracking device, without a control system, and without an additional deflection surface.

13. Wind and/or water power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the V-shaped wind deflector (3) and the turbine is adjustable.

14. The turbine system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast and/or the underside area of the deflection surface is formed as an advertising space or advertising medium.

15. Turbine system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot (15) comprises a rotary connection and a grid mast capable of fixing an energy storage system and/or a turbine support system is arranged above the rotary connection.

16. A system turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that means are provided for automatically moving the radial turbines closer to each other when a predetermined wind speed is reached.

17. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the radial turbine is divided into a plurality of individual turbines each mounted along a single axis.

18. Turbine system according to claim 1, characterized in that a protected and earthed safety space is provided below the swivel connection for accommodating sensitive technical components, said safety space preferably comprising ventilation and/or heating and/or suitable air conditioning means, in particular with respect to air humidity.

19. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the base portion can be used as an additional energy reservoir or as a water reservoir or oil reservoir.

20. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein a heat pump is integrally formed to the base portion.

21. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein the deflection surface is mounted on a plurality of milled support arms which are in turn fastened on both sides to the rotating part on the shaft by two support hearts screwed together.

22. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein fixed lattice panels are provided at the upper and lower ends of the turbine, and the lattice panels are rounded in a front region.

23. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein LED elements are attached to the turbine blades and can be actuated as a function of rotation in order to achieve an advertising effect.

24. The turbine system of claim 1, wherein a power grid mast comprising a turbine mounting portion and the turbine is secured to a rotational connection of the mast.

25. The turbine system according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement of the turbine system and/or wind tracking devices according to the invention is provided along traffic infrastructure such as streets, motorways, railway lines and canals and is additionally provided for telecommunications or for buffering current from the grid at low current draw and/or for use as advertising medium and/or street lighting and/or for providing a safe space.

26. Use of a mast and/or a wind deflector (3) and/or a turbine blade of a wind and/or water power generator according to claim 1 as an advertising space, or an advertising medium, and as a support for further network and communication components.