HK1184000B - Stackable communications system - Google Patents

Description

Stackable communication system

The present application is a divisional application of an application having an application date of 2009, 25/2, application No. 200980106114.1 and an invention name of "stackable communication system".

Technical Field

The present invention generally relates to modular communication systems.

Background

The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. The approaches described in this section are not prior art to this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section unless otherwise indicated herein.

Digital technology has become an important part of many people's lives and the need to propagate this technology in a more innovative and convenient manner has become increasingly necessary. For example, over the years, televisions and methods of playing content on televisions have involved many innovative changes. From cathode ray tubes to digital flat panel video displays, and from video cassette recorders to digital video recorders, technological changes have brought about changes that make viewing and playing content more convenient and enjoyable to viewers. For example, the wired connection to a television can be numerous and can easily cause consumer confusion. A typical television set-up may now have two high definition multimedia interface ("HDMI") interface connectors to connect a DVD player and a satellite receiver; several component cable connectors to connect high definition devices, such as DVR recorders; RCA cable connector to connect video cassette recorder; and an RF connector to connect an antenna or cable signal. The number of different types of connections and wires can cause confusion and improper wiring by the user. At best, the numerous wired connections are also difficult to maintain in order and the resulting mess around the television is unsightly. Thus, as television technology and the new types of wires and connections that result therefrom become more advanced, more convenient and easy to use solutions have become very important.

These changes and the need for inclusion are not in any way limited to only television but can be found in many different technologies and locations such as, but not limited to, telephone systems, entertainment systems, mobile communications and computer systems. As technology generally changes, there is a need to present technology in a more convenient, easy to use, and concise manner for users.

Drawings

The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a different module stacking method according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams illustrating a connection example of an 10/100BASE-TX typical topology, and the same connections formed by close-range inductively coupled wireless connections according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams illustrating a connection example of a typical topology of 1000BASE-T, and the same connections formed by close-range inductively coupled wireless connections according to embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a separable coupling transformer for close-range inductively coupled wireless Ethernet, shown in two halves of the separated transformer, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a separable coupling transformer for close-range inductively coupled wireless Ethernet, shown in two halves of the transformer connected together, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a close-up view showing a separable coupling transformer for close-range inductively coupled wireless Ethernet in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a close-up view showing a separable coupling transformer for a wireless Ethernet network for close-proximity inductive coupling performed using a C-core in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 shows a connection point on a module, and a module interior view looking down, according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows a system for use with a television entertainment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates a reconfigurable audio system for use with stackable communication systems according to embodiments of the invention; and

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a system upon which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.

Detailed description apparatus and methods are described in which a stackable and modular communication system is implemented. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

Embodiments are described herein according to the following outline:

1.0 general overview

2.0 Modular and stackable communication System

2.1 interconnection between modules

2.1.1 near field inductively coupled wireless Ethernet connection

2.1.2 close-range capacitively coupled wireless Ethernet connection

2.1.3 optical connections

2.1.4 physical connections

2.1.5 proximity connection placement in modules and network topology in a group of modules

2.2 interconnection and Power control between modules

2.3 other interconnection configurations

2.4 reconfigurable Audio System

3.0 extensions and substitutions

4.0 actuator

5.0 examples

1.0 general overview

The needs identified in the foregoing background, and other needs and objects that will become apparent for the following description, are achieved in the present invention, which comprises a method and apparatus for implementing a modular and stackable communication system therein.

As technology systems become more mature, the ability of individuals to customize systems presents a variety of possibilities. In an embodiment, the customized personal system is implemented by a particular feature of the modular system. For example, in a television entertainment system, a manufacturer may modularize each feature so that a user may purchase only the features he/she wants, rather than providing a single box containing a digital video recorder, a cable television decoder, a video cassette recorder, a sound processor, a storage extension, and some other features for a television. In one example, a user may not have any need for a cable television decoder because the user is not subscribed to a cable television service or is unable to obtain the service at his or her particular residence. In another example, a video cassette recorder is not required because the user does not have any video cassettes. In an embodiment, a user purchases modules having particular characteristics that he or she wants to use, and the modules are combined to create a personalized system. Modularity eliminates the need to purchase more expensive equipment containing many features that the user may never use. Furthermore, if a user desires to extend a feature or technology shortly after purchase, a multi-feature device is often not upgradeable and must purchase an entirely new device.

In addition, many legacy components, such as, but not limited to, DVRs, cable set-top boxes, DVD players, IP set-top boxes, etc., have redundant functionality common to each component. For example, the more than one component may include a power supply, an MPEG decoder, a video converter, a video post processor, an interlacer or audio decoder, and so forth. In embodiments, rather than repeating these redundant functions in separate components, common functions are performed once in individual modules. The individual modules may be basic modules, which are common for each stackable communication system, or modules, which have specific features and require another functionality in order to operate properly.

For example, a user may add modules to the stack, such as a DVR tuning input module, a cable decoder tuning input segment module, and/or a DVD disc loading device, etc. In this case, the modules transmit media content data, control signals and configuration data over a high bandwidth backbone network interconnecting the modules. By means of the system, display control and content playback can be controlled by using a separate remote control and a separate user interface, and the user experience is simplified. Redundancy is cut down and many video/audio cables can be removed to simplify user setup. The modularity also allows users to update certain features of the system more efficiently and inexpensively.

In another embodiment, the modular system may be applied to one of a television, a set-top box, or a module in a stackable communication system. For example, a reconfigurable input/output panel may be implemented on a television system. Small input/output modules may be stacked vertically behind the set-top box module of the television to add additional input/output and/or network performance.

To create a system, modularity is not limited to television-related technologies, but may be applied to any technology capable of being modularized into distinct and separable parts. Some of these technologies may include, but are not limited to, telephony, mobile entertainment technology, computer networks, computer technology, and the like.

2.0 Modular and stackable communication System

There are a number of ways to combine modular features into a system. In embodiments, each module includes a separate chassis, such as a rectangular box, and each module may be vertically stacked on top of the other modules. In this embodiment, each module has the same width and length dimensions so that each module can be stacked on any other module. The height of each module may vary depending on the technical characteristics of the module. In another embodiment, all dimensions of each module may be the same as all other modules. In yet another embodiment, each module has a specific shape, which when combined with other modules, results in a new design. For example, each subsequent module that is placed higher than the particular module may be smaller in size than the module below the particular module, such that when placed together, a shape that is substantially similar to a pyramid is formed. In another embodiment, each module is different in shape and size, but is configured in such a way that each module can be stacked in close proximity on any other module. As such, the modules may be of any shape or size, but each module must be properly stacked and oriented with any other module.

In embodiments, the order of the stacked modules is not critical and any module may be stacked on any other module. In another embodiment, the modules are stacked in a particular order. Stacking modules in a particular order may be for a variety of reasons. For example, some modules may be heavier and larger than others due to the features provided by the modules. The largest module may be a DVR player with a large hard drive to be able to store a large amount of content. Thus, in a stacked scheme, the DVR module will often be placed at the bottom of the stack. Other modules may always be smaller and lighter and thus placed higher in the vertical stack. The actual size of the modules and placement of the modules will vary depending on the implementation. As another example, modules requiring more power may be located closer to the base module to ensure that sufficient power is received.

In an embodiment, each module is stacked horizontally, next to the other modules, essentially similar to how books are stacked next to each other on a bookshelf. In embodiments, the height of each module of the horizontal stack is essentially the same size, and the depth and width of each module may vary depending on the characteristics the module exhibits. For example, a particular module may be constrained by electronics within the particular module, and thus may need to be thicker than most other modules. In another embodiment, each horizontally stacked module has a different size, but is configured in shape, e.g., each module can be placed approximately next to the other horizontally stacked modules. The external features of the module can be designed to closely resemble a real book.

In another embodiment, the modules are stacked horizontally and also placed horizontally next to each other such that the side walls of each module contact the side walls of an adjacent module. In yet another embodiment, a combination of stacked configurations is used. For example, a vertically stacked group of modules may be placed adjacent to another vertically stacked group of modules such that the sidewalls of one group of modules are level with the sidewalls of the other group of modules. This combination of vertical stacking and horizontal placement allows intercommunication between all existing modules. Each module has the ability to detect the orientation of any module directly connected to it. This may be done by a module detecting a connection to another module through the bottom, side, top or back side.

Fig. 1 shows some possible embodiments of module stacking. The stack 100 shows modules stacked vertically on top of each other. This particular stack shows that each module has the same height and width as the other modules in the stack. The stack 102 is another vertical stack of modules, but such a stack displays modules of varying heights and widths. Note that the depth may also vary for stacks of modules and is not shown in the illustration. The stack 104 shows a stack of modules placed horizontally next to each other, essentially similar to how books are stacked next to each other on a bookshelf. In a particular embodiment of the stack 104, each module has the same height and width. The stack 106 also shows modules placed horizontally next to each other, but the height and width of each module varies. In the stack 108, the modules are placed in a horizontal configuration, and other modules are also placed horizontally adjacent to the modules. The stack 110 shows two sets of modules stacked vertically on top of each other. One set of modules is placed horizontally close to the other set of modules so that each module can communicate with all the other modules.

In an embodiment, to ensure proper alignment of modules adjacent to each other, the magnets are positioned at specific points on the modules. When two adjacent modules are properly aligned, the magnets attract each other and maintain the proper alignment of the modules. If adjacent modules are not properly aligned, the magnets repel each other and do not allow the user to position the modules in the wrong locations.

2.1 interconnection between modules

The module is capable of communicating data and power with other connected modules. In an embodiment, the physical connections between modules are removed as much as possible. In all other respects, high bandwidth data and power connections are maintained between modules.

In an embodiment, the modules are connected via ethernet. Ethernet networks are a very robust and reliable method of data interconnection and are typically connected over twisted pair wires. Power transfer may also be performed over ethernet, which further limits the number of physical connections required between each module. The twisted pairs may be, for example, Cat5e unshielded twisted pairs, however any type of connectorized cable may be used to transmit signals from one connection to another.

In a typical ethernet connection using twisted pair wires, a cable connects two devices together. Each end of the cable is connected to a media interface connector. In each device, a media interface connector is associated with the isolation transformer. Depending on the implementation, a common mode inductance may also be present. Both the isolation transformer and the common mode inductance, if present, help to maintain the signal in the ethernet network. Isolation transformers block the transmission of direct current signals from one circuit to another, but allow alternating current signals to pass. The common mode inductance reduces common mode noise transmitted to cables connected to the device and reduces noise picked up on the cables leading to the receiver and transmitter circuits of the connected device.

Transformers are devices that transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled electrical conductors. Inductive coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one circuit component to another through a shared magnetic field. The change in current through the primary coil induces a current in the secondary coil. The two devices may be physically contained in separate units, for example on both sides of a transformer. Transformers are based on the principle that a current generates a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field in a coil causes a voltage at the coil end, i.e. electromagnetic induction. By varying the current in the primary coil, the strength of the magnetic field from the primary coil is varied. Since the changing magnetic field extends to the secondary coil, a voltage is induced at the secondary coil, thereby transmitting a signal. The signal in the ethernet connection is conducted from the media interface connector and then through the isolation transformer and common mode inductance, if present. The signal is then conducted to a communication chip, which may receive or transmit the signal over a network.

2.1.1 near field inductively coupled wireless Ethernet connection

In an embodiment, the media interface connector is bypassed and the connection is made by a separable coupling transformer, rather than using twisted pair wires to enable connection of two separate devices. The separable coupling transformer occupies the location of the isolation transformer in the ethernet connected device. In an embodiment, the separable coupling transformer is divided into two halves, with one half of the transformer fitted to the side of each device in the communication link. When the two halves of the separable coupling transformer are placed in close proximity to each other, the transformer can transmit signals from one module or device to another using electromagnetic induction. The signals may be bi-directional between the modules. The ability of the isolation transformer to isolate the dc signal is maintained by the transformer employed in the embodiments. However, the requirement for an isolation transformer to isolate the electronics from the large voltages induced on the cable by lightning, electrical noise, etc. is not required because the cable is no longer used.

In an embodiment, two close-proximity inductively coupled connections are used to form the 10/100Base-TX connection. In another embodiment, four close-proximity inductively coupled connections are used to form a 1000Base-T connection. The number of connections may vary depending on the network standard used and the throughput (throughput) sought in the connection. In an embodiment, if there is more than one close-range inductively coupled connection between modules, the close-range inductively coupled connections are placed at a minimum distance apart so that cross-induction between the connections is reduced. The connections are placed at a minimum distance from each other so that the likelihood that signals generated by close proximity inductively coupled connections will be attenuated by cross-induction from adjacent inductively coupled connections is minimized.

Fig. 2A and 2B illustrate an ethernet connection based on the 10/100Base-TX topology that transports network traffic at a nominal rate of 10Mbit/s or 100Mbit/s and illustrates a wireless connection according to an embodiment of the invention and 10/100Base-TX topology. Fig. 2A shows a typical topology of an 10/100Base-TX connection 200 from station a202 to station B230 using twisted pair. From left to right is the flow of network traffic with connections at the top end of fig. 2A, with the transmitter 204 in station a202 connected to an isolation transformer 206A and a common mode inductance ("CMC") 208A. The CMC208A is connected to the media interface connector 210A of station a 202. Twisted pair 212A connects media interface connector 210A of station a202 to media interface connector 232A of station B230. In station B230, media interface connector 232A is connected to isolation transformer 234A, CMC236A, and ultimately to receiver 238. Other connections described with station a202 and station B230 show connections for traffic in the opposite direction, with transmitter 240 of station B230 and receiver 214 of station a 202. From the transmitter of station B, the network traffic then flows to isolation transformer 234B, CMC236B, and then to media interface connector 232B of station B230. After traversing twisted pair 212B, the information flows to station a202, first to media interface connector 210B, isolation transformer 206B, CMC208B, and finally to receiver 214.

Fig. 2B shows an ethernet connection between station a and station B, showing an 10/100Base-TX based topology, using a close range inductively coupled wireless connection 250. As shown in fig. 2B, in place of the isolation transformer and twisted pair medium found in the conventional 10/100Base-TX topology, is a separable coupling transformer arranged to connect station a252 and station B270. The media interface connector is no longer required in such a connection, but the CMC may still be present. Further, note that a connection is established in each direction of the data. The data moves from transmitter 253 of station a252 to CMC254A and then to separable coupling transformer 256A of station a 252. The signal passes to separable coupling transformer 272A, CMC274A of station B270 and ultimately to receiver 276. For the other connections shown in the lower portion of the figure, data is transmitted from transmitter 278 of station B270 to CMC274B, followed by separable coupling transformer 272B on the side of station B. The data then passes to separable coupling transformer 256B, CMC254B, followed by receiver 258, station a 252.

Fig. 3A and 3B illustrate ethernet connections based on a 1000BASE-T topology that carry network traffic at a nominal rate of 1000Mbit/s half duplex or 2000Mbit/s full duplex, and wireless connections according to embodiments of the present invention and the 1000BASE-T topology. Fig. 3A shows a typical topology of a 1000BASE-T connection 300 using twisted pair from station a302 to station B320. The flow of network traffic is bi-directional and may be simultaneous, among other things, in that each station employs a hybrid transmitter-receiver that can transmit and receive through echo cancellation. From left to right, hybrid transmitter/receiver 304 of station a302 is connected to CMC306, and then isolation transformer 308. The isolation transformer 308 is connected to the media interface connector 310 of station a 302. Twisted pair 312 connects media interface connector 310 of station a302 to media interface connector 322 of station B320. In station B320, the media interface connector 322 is connected to an isolation transformer 324, CMC326, and ultimately a receiver 328. The other connections of station a and station B are not shown in fig. 3A, but are merely duplicated four times, once for each twisted pair.

Fig. 3B depicts an ethernet connection between station a and station B showing a topology based on a 1000BASE-T topology, using a close-range inductively coupled wireless connection 350. As shown in fig. 3B, instead of the isolation transformers and twisted pair media found in the conventional 1000BASE-T topology, are separable coupling transformers arranged to connect station a352 and station B370. The media interface connector is no longer required in this connection, but the CMC may still be present. Further note that there are four separate connections established. The data is transmitted from the hybrid transmitter/receiver 354 in station a352 to the CMC356, and then to the separable coupling transformer 358 of station a 352. The signal passes to the separable coupling transformer 372, CMC374 of station B370, and ultimately to the hybrid transmitter/receiver 376. The other connections of station a and station B are not shown in fig. 3B, but are only duplicated four times.

The ethernet over close-range inductive coupling transformer coupled connection presents many advantages over existing radio frequency based wireless connections such as Wi-Fi, ultra wideband, and any other radio frequency wireless connection. First and foremost, the use of ethernet connections allows changing the existing infrastructure present in the ethernet. For example, many devices already contain ethernet-based network chips, and thus no further changes to the signal part of the device's ethernet network are necessary, except for the modification of the transformer and the removal of the physical media connection. RF technologies such as Wi-Fi are also more expensive and have difficulties encountered in the interference of devices that share similar frequencies and additional regulations established by the communications commission (FCC).

In an embodiment, the magnetic flux generated and transferred between the transformers forms an inductive connection when the two sides of the separable coupling transformers are placed close to each other in the correct direction. The separable coupling transformer can only produce inductive connections of the correct phase if the two halves of the transformer on each module are correctly oriented with respect to each other. The two transformer halves also need to be within a certain distance from each other so that the magnetic field is effectively coupled between the transformer halves. In an embodiment, proper alignment and orientation is ensured by placing a magnet in each module or device so that when any two modules or devices are stacked or placed in close proximity to each other, the two modules are pushed tightly together, minimizing air gaps and being urged into proper orientation. The north and south poles of the magnets are arranged so that the modules can only be stacked in the correct orientation, otherwise the magnets repel each other.

In another embodiment, the proper alignment and orientation of the modules is ensured by placing a marker or design on each module or device. The indicia or design placed on the module or device may include two halves, such as a protrusion on one module and a corresponding recess on the other module, or two half markings. When two modules are placed in the correct orientation to each other in order to complete the mark or pattern, the transformers in the modules are also in the correct orientation to create a wireless ethernet connection. In another embodiment, the enclosed design is disposed across some devices or modules. When the devices or modules are placed in the correct orientation, the design may be complete across all devices or modules.

As used herein, the term "air gap" is defined as the distance between two separably coupled transformers located within modules or devices that are stacked together. In an embodiment, the size of the air gap between two connected separable coupling transformers is within the maximum limit allowed in order to transmit a signal of a specific character between the separable coupling transformers. In embodiments, the size of the air gap varies from implementation to implementation. The maximum size allowed for the air gap may vary depending on a number of factors, including but not limited to, the number of windings on the transformer, the size of the conductors used in the windings, the shape of the core for the separable coupling transformer, the material used for the core of the separable coupling transformer, or any other factor that may affect the size of the air gap between the two halves of the separable coupling transformer.

In an embodiment, the number of windings of each separable coupling transformer half is symmetrical. In another embodiment, the number of windings of each separable coupling transformer half is asymmetric and varies with each pair of separable coupling transformers. In embodiments, the shape of the core of the separable transformer may vary and may include, but is not limited to, C-shaped, E-shaped, U-shaped, circular, or rectangular. In embodiments, the material used for the separable coupling transformer may comprise any material that allows for inductive coupling, including, but not limited to, pure iron, iron powder, cobalt, or nickel iron. In embodiments, the number of windings of the separable coupling transformer may vary depending on the shape and material used for the transformer. In an embodiment, the type and material of the separable coupling transformer may vary depending on the power supply from the transmitter of the transformer center tap.

Fig. 4-7 are realistic pictures of a transformer operating model for close-range inductively coupled wireless ethernet. Fig. 4 shows a picture of two separable coupling transformers, shown separately and not connected together, and which can be used for close proximity inductively coupled wireless ethernet. Element 400 shows one half of two separable coupling transformers, while element 402 shows the other half. Fig. 5 shows a picture of two separable coupling transformers that are shown held together and that can be used for close proximity inductively coupled wireless ethernet. Two separable coupling transformers 500 and 504 are shown held together. The paper sandwiched between the two transformers shows an air gap 502. Fig. 6 shows a picture of two separable coupling transformers 600 and 602, shown in close proximity, that can be used for close proximity inductively coupled wireless ethernet. Fig. 7 shows a picture of two separable coupling transformers 700 and 702, which may be used for close proximity inductively coupled wireless ethernet, showing C-shape transformers connected together in top view.

In an embodiment, to determine whether another module or device is with a nearby transformer, a separably coupled transformer in the device or module transmits a signal pulse or chirp (chirp). The chirp is active regardless of the presence of the adjacent transformer and causes a magnetic field to be emitted by the separately coupled transformer. In an embodiment, to limit radiation emission due to magnetic fields, a small amount of paramagnetic material may be placed in close proximity to the split coupling transformer to provide a return path for the magnetic field emitted by the chip. The small amount of paramagnetic material may be ferrite (ferrite), such as may be used to make transformers, or any other material capable of acting to return the emitted magnetic field. In an embodiment, the small amount of paramagnetic material is placed at a distance greater than the air gap between the halves of the transformer. The increased distance ensures that the small amount of material does not affect the signals sent between adjacent modules.

In an embodiment, instead of sending a periodic signal to discover the presence of a neighboring transformer, the transmitting transformer is activated in the module by another connection between the modules. For example, a power connection between modules may indicate that a module has been placed near another module and that a transformer should be activated to produce a close proximity inductively coupled wireless ethernet connection.

In embodiments, the module may also be connected to other devices using close proximity inductive coupling connections. Not only to other similar modules, devices, e.g. televisions, may be modified to be able to connect also to other devices or modules using close proximity inductive coupling. The television may have a compartment or other area specifically created to receive the module so that the DVR or cable set top box may be unobtrusively and conveniently connected.

2.1.2 close-range capacitively coupled wireless Ethernet connection

In an embodiment, the close range wireless connection is also realized by a capacitive coupling connection. For example, serial advanced technology attachment ("SATA") connections use capacitive coupling to account for dc biasing of signals. In capacitive coupling, a pair of metal plates, one in one module and the other in the other, are placed in close proximity to form a small capacitor that is capable of transmitting high-speed electrical signals from one module to the other. A detailed description of capacitively coupled connections can be found in "IBM Smart Tile Project-billion bytes and above (IBM International products Bricks Project-Petabytes and Beyond)" by W.W.Wilcke et al (IBM research Journal, Vol.50, No.2/3, 3/5 months 2006, pp.181-197 (IBM Journal of research and Development, Vol.50, No.2/3, March/May2006, pp.181-197)), and is incorporated herein by reference.

2.1.3 optical connections

Data, such as optical audio data, may also be transmitted between modules using optical transmission. In an embodiment, the light emitters are placed in a module with an adjacent light pipe. Optical connections are established between adjacent modules as long as the optical transmission is properly aligned (and allows the light to pass data from one module to another). To connect multiple modules, light pipes are placed up and down the stack of modules.

2.1.4 physical connections

In an embodiment, the physical connections connect adjacent modules to allow data transfer between the modules. Physical connection refers to any type of connection in which a physical connection is made between modules. For example, pogo pins (pogo pins) can be used. Pogo pins refer to elongated cylinders containing spring-loaded pins. The spring loaded pin is connected to another metal connection point to ensure connection between the two devices. Pogo pins can be found, for example, in cellular telephones, where metal contacts connect a battery to the cellular telephone. Any other type of structure capable of performing a connection between devices to achieve a close range physical connection may also be used.

2.1.5 proximity connection placement in modules and network topology in a group of modules

In an embodiment, close proximity connections are placed on each side of the module. Thus in a conventional rectangular or square module there would be a total of 6 different connectors. The number of connectors may vary depending on the shape of the module. This is shown in fig. 8. In fig. 8, two diagrams of modules with close-up connections are shown. In block 800, a three-dimensional view is displayed from the front of the module. On each side where the module is visible, close range connections 802, 804, and 806 exist. The connection is not visible inside the module and thus from outside the module. However, depending on the implementation, the design of the module may be such that markings are made on the outside of the module to show the user the placement of each close-range connection.

In another embodiment, the close-proximity connections are placed only on specific sides of the module. For example, the modules may be designed to be stacked only in a particular design, such as vertical stacking, and thus the connectors need only be placed where other adjacent modules will be stacked.

In the set of modules, each network node starts and ends with each neighbouring module. Whereby each module includes a network switch or router and is shown in block 810. In block 810, a top view is shown showing the interior of a square block. In this particular embodiment, the proximity connectors are shown as elements 814, 816, 818, and 820 next to each side of the module. Connected to each proximity connector is component 812. Element 812 is a switch or router that forms a network node and controls the flow of data from one module to another module. For example, where three modules are stacked vertically on top of each other, the bottom module may wish to communicate with the top module. In this case, the bottom module uses a switch and transmits data through the middle module to communicate with the top module.

In the set of modules, each module also has an IP address that is unique in the network. In an embodiment, in order to effectively assign an IP address to each module for the network, the base module of the module group has a DHCP server so that the IP address is dynamically assigned to the module. In an embodiment, the IP address is assigned based on the functionality of the particular module. In case the base module contains a DHCP server, each set of modules must contain a base module with a DHCP server. By including the DHCP server in the module itself, the modular communication system is no longer required to be connected to a separate network. In another embodiment, the module group is connected to a network with a DHCP server. Thus, the basic module with the DHCP server is not required. In the case where the module is connected to a network, the DHCP server assigns an IP address based on the function of the module. This allows the module to communicate with existing home networks.

In an embodiment, the specific module with the specific function comprises a DHCP server. In the case where more than one module has a DHCP server, the modules with DHCP servers negotiate with each other to determine which module with DHCP server should assign an address.

In another embodiment, each module available to the user is pre-assigned an IP address, such that dynamic distribution is not necessary. The IP address may be pre-assigned based on the characteristic. For example, one set of IP addresses is reserved for modules performing DVR functions, another set of IP addresses is reserved for modules performing cable set-top box functions, and so on. In the case where IP addresses are pre-assigned to the module, the pre-assigned IP address may be later changed by another server or user to eliminate any IP address conflicts. In another embodiment, in case an IP collision occurs due to an IP address collision, arbitration (arbitration) occurs and the IP address is updated and resolved to eliminate the collision.

2.2 interconnection and Power control between modules

The modules are also interconnected to share power between each module. Since one objective of the modular design of the communication module is to remove as many wires as possible, a single power line can be used to power all connected modules.

In an embodiment, power management in the stack is implemented in a distributed manner by a copy function in each module. In an embodiment, each module in the stack contains a small (low power) control chip, a power switch, and a small number of discrete components. The stacked base module also includes components that determine the power rating of the integrated power supply, or an external power brick (converter of a wall outlet) is connected to the base module.

In an embodiment, the power control chip in each module has two independent serial links. One serial link communicates with the power controller in the module above the module, while the other serial link communicates with the power controller in the module below. One or both of the serial links may fail if a module above or below the module is not present. In an embodiment, the power controller is a master link for the upper module and a slave link for the lower module. In other embodiments, the power controller may be a slave link to the upper module and a master link to the lower module. This is for a horizontal arrangement of module stacks. For a horizontal configuration of modules, a master/slave configuration may also be performed from left to right or from right to left.

In yet another embodiment, a particular module is given primary priority. For example, a module performing a display function may be given priority over all other modules, since the display function is most important to the functionality of the entire group of modules. In this case, other modules may be given lower priority. Thus, the placement is no longer the determining factor of which module is the master and which is the slave, but rather the priority assigned to the module.

In order to control the amount of power flowing through the module stack, the power required by each particular module should be known and recorded. In an embodiment, each module transmits data that specifies the amount of power required by that particular module. This information may be transmitted by the module by any known data transmission method. Data transfer may be through physical contacts or pins that connect the modules together. In other embodiments, magnets that are also used to properly align the modules may be used to help transmit power as well as power information between modules.

In an embodiment, the power controller also detects when a particular module is installed or removed. Depending on the implementation, detection may be limited to detecting when a module directly above a particular module is installed or removed. In other implementations, the power controller can detect when any of the sets of modules have been removed and when a new module has been installed.

In an example, a stack of modules initially includes two modules, a base module "X" and a second module "Y". A third module "Z" is then added to the module stack. Upon powering the base module, the power controller chip of the base module "X" identifies the power brick connected to the wall outlet to determine the total available power for the stack. The power controller chip of base module "X" then reads the strap pin group to determine the power required by the base module. The controller subtracts the base power from the brick power supply to determine the power remaining available for all other modules in the stack and stores the result.

The power controller chip of the base module "X" then detects whether the module is mounted directly above. In this particular case, module "Y" is placed directly above module "X". Through the physical connections between modules "X", "Y" and "Z" (XYZ interconnect), a low voltage source is provided to power only the power controller in module "Y", and not the entire module. The power controller in module "X" then queries the power controller in module "Y" to determine the power requirements of module "Y". The power controller in module "Y" responds to the query by determining the module power demand, for example, through a belt pin, and then transmits a message back to module "X".

The controller in module "X" subtracts the power demanded by module "Y" from the power remaining available in the module stack. If the result is greater than zero (and thus, sufficient power is available), the controller in module "X" activates the power switch and provides most of the power to the "Y" module through the XYZ interconnection. The "X" power controller then writes the result, which is the remaining available power for all modules stacked above module "Y", into a register in the "Y" power controller. If there is not enough power for the adjacent module, the newly installed module is not powered and the error is returned to the base module. This sequence continues up the stack, with each successive module determining the power required by the module above and powering the module only when sufficient power is available. This method of power supply is naturally sequenced which reduces the power supply surge and reduces the cost of some components in the module.

When a module "Z" is added to the stack, the "Y" power controller detects the new module and provides low voltage power to the "Z" controller. The "Y" power controller then queries the "Z" power controller about the power requirements of module "Z". The power demanded is subtracted from the power remaining available in module "Y". The "Y" controller activates the power switch of module "Z" and then the remaining available power is stored in the "Z" power controller.

Different steps are taken to remove the module. If the "Z" module is removed, then the "Y" power controller detects the beginning of the "Z" module removal before the power contact is disengaged. The "Y" power controller turns off the power switch of module "Z" and the energy stored in most of the power of the "Z" module is lost into the carrier (load) before the power contacts are broken, reducing the occurrence of any energy arc across XYZ interconnected power contacts. Most of the power is thus never exposed to XYZ interconnection, and the power supply can be left un-overloaded with too many modules added (since the additional module that overloads the power supply is not on), making the stack safer.

By limiting communication to only modules connected adjacent to each other, the complexity of physical connection and stacking of the modules is reduced. Further, by each module storing the power requirements of the module and the power available to other modules, other modules (or groups of modules) can be added or removed without affecting the power state of existing modules. This form of power supply allows the system to be deployed without knowledge of future module power requirements, and this form adds flexibility as external power bricks are added to support new modules without affecting the already existing module power design.

In module probing, two contacts on the interconnection between modules may be used for communication between power controllers in adjacent modules. One contact provides low voltage (limited current) power from the lower model to the controller chip in the module above. The second contact provides a point-to-point serial communication link that also acts as a probing mechanism when a module is added or removed.

The interconnection between the modules may be a physical connection in the form of a pogo pin. Pogo pins often take the form of elongated cylinders containing sharp, spring-loaded pins, and mating electrically conductive surfaces. Pressed between the two modules, the spring-loaded pins make firm contact with mating conductive surfaces that provide electrical connection between the two modules. For module probing, two pogo pins for controller chip power and sequence chaining may be shorter than all other pogo pins. By making these pins shorter, it is ensured that the connections to the controller power and sequence links establish contact last as the module is added, and break contact first as the module is removed. The two needles may be located diagonally to each other on opposite sides of the interconnection.

In another embodiment, power is interconnected through the lowermost end of each module. With the lowermost ends of adjacent modules positioned, a connection is established at the top of the modules. The power connection placed in this way is wireless. The connections may be made of any material capable of conducting power from one module to the next, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel or gold plated metal. In an embodiment, the connection itself must have additional protection to avoid short circuits or safety risks. This may include, but is not limited to, physical protection, such as a cover protecting the connection area, or an application that supplies power to the contacts only when the modules have been detected as being adjacent.

In an embodiment, the power supplies are connected to each other by close-range electromagnetic induction. By removing the visible interconnections entirely from the outside of the module, the connections remain protected and the possibility of short circuits is greatly reduced.

2.3 other interconnection configurations

In an embodiment, the network switch or router is placed close to where the module is placed, e.g. on a desk, bookshelf, etc. From a network switch or router, each component of the communication system is interconnected with other components in the communication system. This embodiment can be seen in fig. 9. In fig. 9, the entertainment system includes a television 902, modules 904 and 906, and a router 910. A router 910 connects the television 902 and the modules 904 and 906. In the figure, point-to-point connections are shown from router 910 to each of the components. Router 910 has a plurality of connections including connections 924, 926, and 928. A connection 928 from the router 910 is connected to the television 902 at connection 920 and the router 910 is also connected to the modules 904 and 906 via connection 924 through connection 922. Connection 926 on the router is free and is not currently connected to any component as shown. Router 910 is set up and placed under a desk, but the arrangement of router 910, as well as any other components of the system, may vary depending on the preferences of the user. The modules 904 and 906 may be connected to each other via any close proximity connection to reduce wiring and ease setup.

In an embodiment, a common bus system may be used for stackable communication systems. The modules may be interconnected via any of the types of connections, but the set of modules is connected to other components, such as a television set, via a common bus. The components may be placed anywhere along the common bus and there are more options available to the user to place the modules and components at his or her chosen locations. To effectively manage the allocation of available data capacity between devices connected to a network on the network, allocation systems described in applicant's own us patents 6,310,886 and 7,158,531B2, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, may be employed. In another embodiment, the common bus is built inside the desk. Each part of the entertainment system is connected via the common bus built into the table. The connection points are on a common bus to connect the different components of the system. A common bus interconnects each component of the system with modules that are connected via any type of connection.

The common bus is not limited to use in an entertainment center but may also be used in any system that relies on communication, such as, but not limited to, a computer system or a mobile information device. For example, to remove wires from a computer system, a common bus built into or onto a desk may be used to connect a desktop or laptop computer to a separate monitor or printer or any other peripheral device. Security is not a particular concern because data is not transmitted in all directions as is typical with RF devices, but is limited to close range. In this way, storage devices such as additional hard disk drives or memory devices may also be securely placed in the common bus.

2.4 reconfigurable Audio System

As the transition from analog to digital entertainment systems has progressed, an increasing problem with digital living rooms is the increase in more and more wired connections, especially audio systems. For example, in a surround sound system, speaker lines may extend from the audio receiver to the center speaker, subwoofer, side speakers, and rear speakers. This is in addition to the wires already connected to the entertainment system. To implement the entire audio system in the home, additional wires must connect the audio system to the speakers in each room. These lines increase substantially, destroying the decor of the room and increasing the complexity of the system installation. These same problems extend to other devices such as commercial theaters or convention centers, educational facilities such as classrooms, or any other location where a media system is installed.

In an embodiment, the stackable communication system has one or more separate audio servers that perform audio processing on the system. A single audio server can perform all processing for the home by processing audio for multiple rooms and audio outside. Multiple audio servers may be implemented in the home to add more capacity, such as each server serving a particular room or linking servers together for more processing power. The multiple audio servers are also capable of communicating with each other and with each module or device connected to the stackable communication system. The audio server may be connected via a wire, such as an HDMI wire or any other data transmission line. The audio server may also be connected to the rest of the stackable communication system via a wireless connection.

In an embodiment, the audio server is part of a bar speaker (streamer bar). The bar speakers, as discussed herein, refer to individual components that are capable of playing virtual surround sound without the use of satellite speakers. The bar loudspeaker comprises a single unit with a plurality of loudspeakers, which single unit is often placed close to the playback unit. The strip speakers are capable of reproducing different channels found in conventional surround sound systems, such as front, rear and side channels. The number of channels may vary depending on the type of strip speaker employed.

In an embodiment, a bar speaker (and audio server) is connected to the base module. In another embodiment, separate wireless connections are used to connect the bar speakers to the stackable communication system. The audio server (whether or not located within the bar speaker) allows the user to configure the speaker system in a variety of ways. Each speaker in a speaker system may also be referred to herein as a client of an audio server. The bar speakers are connected to other audio device clients, such as speakers or any other device capable of playing audio, and the bar speakers are also capable of configuring each client for the user. In an embodiment, the types of speakers used in the speaker system have the same physical configuration. For example, the speakers may have the same physical components, such as the same number of tweeters, midrange speakers, woofers, and electronic components. Thus, the user is no longer required to purchase multiple types of speakers, one type for side channel surround sound, and another type for the front channel of surround sound. The audio server can configure the speakers with the same physical configuration for different functions. This eliminates the need for the user to purchase many different types of speakers (which are also of limited use) and the same speaker can be used in different situations without the sound quality being impaired. Other clients that may be connected to the audio server may include, but are not limited to, digital picture frames (with speakers), mp3 players, portable media devices, or any other device that plays and/or processes audio.

In an embodiment, small selectable modules are added to an audio server similar to a stackable communication system. For example, a portable media player containing additional content may be added or content may be transferred to the media player. In another example, additional input/output connectors, wireless HDMI, or additional wireless audio channels may be added to the basic functionality of the audio server.

The connection of the audio server to the speaker client may be accomplished in a number of ways. Some connections may be, but are not limited to, wireless, power line connection, wired, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. This system of placing the audio server on the bar speakers switches the audio processing to a separate entity (not the base module) and may allow for greater flexibility in installing the audio system. The speaker wire is removed along with a separate audio receiver module.

In an embodiment, one set of speakers may be used to play stereo sound in a room, and a separate speaker may be used to fill another room with background music. The soft configuration of the speaker is changed for a specific purpose for which the speaker is used. As used herein, a soft configuration refers to any change in the speaker configuration that does not change the physical configuration of the speaker. This may refer to, but is not limited to, adjusting the range metric for the speaker, more using the high range than the low range, turning off one of the multiple speakers in the speaker client, etc. The audio server may adjust the soft configuration of the speaker client. For example, a soft configuration of speakers playing stereo sound (e.g., the left speaker in a two-speaker arrangement) would be configured to be very different from a single speaker arrangement that must play all media.

In an embodiment, each speaker client is configured for a specific purpose using the same physical configuration of speakers throughout the house. The same physical configuration of the speakers as the speaker client allows the user to easily purchase additional speakers without worrying that the speakers are limited to a single purpose. For example, an audio server in a bar speaker probes speaker clients in the home. The audio server configures each speaker client for a specific purpose, depending on the placement of the speakers in the home. The speaker client behind the room is configured to play back sound in a surround sound configuration. The speaker clients on the sides of the room are also configured to play left and right side sounds in a surround sound configuration. A speaker client detected in other rooms of the house may be configured to play simple stereo sound or have an environment that fills the room with background music. Yet another detected speaker client is located in a backyard, which may be configured as a full range speaker playing music outdoors. As another example, a speaker client used as a surround speaker in one room may be moved outdoors and reconfigured as a full range speaker.

In another embodiment, a user may purchase different types of speakers that are specialized for a wireless audio experience. For example, some speaker types that may be employed include, but are not limited to, bar speakers, surround speakers, subwoofers, midrange and tweeters. The audio server can detect the type of speaker or audio client and then change the soft configuration of the speaker accordingly. An example of a soft configuration change may result in a change in the audio processing performed by the audio server, a change in the audio processing of the audio client, and/or a change in the routing of audio in the client or server (e.g., reconfiguring how the amplifier drives the speaker). This type of arrangement is not flexible but will show the user the best sound quality (since the speaker type is only manufactured for a special purpose). In this case, the user is still able to configure the speakers via the audio server. One change that a user may perform is to configure the speakers based on the type of media being played. For example, jazz may require a different soft configuration for each speaker than an action movie.

In an embodiment, a speaker client capable of being detected by an audio server may be executed by an integrated wireless module embedded within a speaker (or device containing a speaker). In another embodiment, the external wireless module is connected to one or more conventional wired speakers (or devices containing speakers). The audio server may detect the speaker class (or profile input by the user) and then change the soft configuration of the speakers and audio system accordingly. Inflexible, special purpose speakers (subwoofer, high range speaker, etc.) may be mixed with the speaker client described as the same physically configured speaker. For example, a typical installation may add one or more specialized wireless subwoofers throughout the house to extend the bass response, while all other speakers are speakers configured in the same physical configuration for a specific purpose throughout the home, such as left surround, back surround, or terrace background music. Over time, additional specialized speakers, such as picture frames for other specific uses with integrated speakers, may be installed for other specific uses.

The detection and configuration of the speakers may occur in a variety of ways. In an embodiment, the audio server may continuously monitor for new speakers introduced to the area. When the user goes home with the additional speaker client, the audio server will automatically detect the discovery signal from the speaker client and then reconfigure the speakers. In another embodiment, the new speaker client sends a message to any available audio server to announce that a new speaker is being added to the system. When the audio server detects that a new speaker client is available, the audio server will then configure the speakers for the system.

In an embodiment, when the audio server detects a new speaker client in the system, the audio server prompts the user for additional information on how to configure the speaker client. The audio server may employ a graphical user interface on the display device. The graphical user interface may present the user with the available soft configurations that the plurality of speakers may be configured to. When the user selects a particular soft configuration, the audio server then configures the speaker client according to the user's selection. In another embodiment, the audio server prompts the user through a sound or audio prompt. The user may respond verbally or by type of user command input.

In another embodiment, each speaker client contains an indicator that indicates a particular soft configuration of the user speaker client. The indicator may be a physical switch or pin that the user can manipulate to specify a preferred soft configuration or position of the speaker client. The indicator may also be a display screen on which is presented a graphical user interface to the user. The user may use any input method (stylus, touch screen, touch pad, keyboard, etc.) to indicate the preferred soft configuration or position of the speaker client. For example, the user may indicate to the speaker client that the speaker is to be used as a rear channel surround sound speaker. In this case, the audio server will detect the soft configuration of the speaker module and the switch indication. The audio server will thus then reconfigure the speaker client and perform additional reconfigurations depending on the type and genre of the content to be played.

In yet another embodiment, the audio server may detect the location of the newly installed speaker client, for example by acoustic feedback detection or wireless detection. The location may be a relative location with respect to the audio server. Based on the detected position, the audio server determines the most likely usage of the speaker and automatically configures the speaker client according to the usage. The user may also have the ability to override the usage of the audio server selection. For example, the audio server may detect a speaker newly installed to the left of the front bar speaker. Based on this information, the audio server determines that the speaker client is most likely the left channel of the surround sound and configures the speakers as such. When the speakers are then moved to another room, the audio server detects the change in position and determines that the speakers are likely to be used in a standard stereo set. The user may find that the determined soft configuration is incorrect and invalidate the audio server and enter the correct soft configuration.

In another embodiment, multiple streams of audio content may be served by an audio server, wherein multiple speaker client systems are configured. The plurality of speaker client systems may be equal in number to or greater than the plurality of audio content streams. In this case, this causes the audio server to play the same music to multiple rooms. The audio server may also synchronize content to multiple rooms while providing a different content stream to another location.

Different client types may also be used for audio settings. Because wireless connectivity and probing is used, other media clients, such as picture frames, video book client set-top boxes, mp3 players, and configurable remote controls may be connected to the audio device. These other clients may be used in a variety of ways. For example, the audio server may detect the presence of a nearby mp3 player. Content from the mp3 player can be received by the audio server and then played by all speakers in the home, a single room in the home, or speakers located in a backyard. In another example, with the addition of a thin video client box, the DVR of the stackable communication system may be used as a video server. The thin video client box may receive the content transmitted from the video server and play the content on the display device. These thin video client boxes may be located throughout the home and allow users to view content located on the video server. The audio server will then send the appropriate media for the sound of the content to any speaker client located close to the thin video client box.

Fig. 10 shows an example of a configurable audio system connected to a stackable communications system in accordance with the present invention. In fig. 10, a stackable communications system 1001 is located in a living room and is connected via an HDMI line to an audio server 1003, which is part of a bar speaker located on top of a television display device. Audio clients 1005 are also located throughout the home and wirelessly connected to the audio server 1003. The audio server 1003 adjusts the soft-configuration of each audio client 1005 based on user input or the location of the audio client. Audio client 1005C is a surround sound system and mp3 player located in the living room, and audio client 1005A is a set of two speaker clients in another room in the home. The audio client 1005B is a single speaker and portable media device in yet another room. The photo frame client 1023 is another audio client connected to the audio server 1003 and represents an audio device capable of playing audio. Finally, a video server 1021 and a video client 1011 are also connected to the audio server 1003, while the video server 1021 stores content that is sent to the video client 1011.

3.0 extensions and substitutions

In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

4.0 execution mechanism

According to one embodiment, the techniques described herein are performed by one or more special-purpose computing devices. A special-purpose computing device may be hardwired to perform the techniques, or may include digital electronic devices such as one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), which may be continuously programmed to perform the techniques, or may include one or more programmed general-purpose hardware processors that execute the techniques in accordance with program instructions in computer firmware, memory, other storage, or a combination. Such special-purpose computing devices may also incorporate custom hardwired logic, ASICs, or FPGAs with custom programming to implement the techniques. A special-purpose computing device may be a desktop computer system, portable computer system, handheld device, network device, or any other device that contains hard-wired and/or program logic to perform techniques.

For example, FIG. 11 is a block diagram that illustrates a computer system 1100 upon which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented. Computer system 1100 includes a bus 1102 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a hardware processor 1104 coupled with bus 1102 for processing information. Hardware processor 1104 may be, for example, a general purpose microprocessor.

Computer system 1100 also includes a main memory 1106, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 1102 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 1104. Main memory 1106 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 1104. Such instructions, when stored on a storage medium accessible to processor 1104, provide computer system 1100 to a special purpose machine that is customized to perform the operations embodied in the instructions.

Computer system 1100 further includes a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1108 or other static storage device coupled to bus 1102 for storing static information and instructions for processor 1104. A storage device 1100, such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 1102 for storing information and instructions.

Computer system 1100 may be coupled via bus 1102 to a display 1112, such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user. An input device 1114, including alphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to bus 1102 for communicating information and command selections to processor 1104. Another type of user input device is cursor control 1116, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 1104 and for controlling cursor movement on display 1112. The input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), allowing the device to be unambiguously located in a plane.

Computer system 1100 may perform the techniques described herein using custom hardwired logic, one or more ASICs or FPGAs, firmware and/or program logic that, in conjunction with the computer system, render computer system 1100 a specific-purpose machine, or program such that it is a specific-purpose machine. According to one embodiment, the techniques herein are performed by computer system 1100 in response to processor 1104 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory 1106. Such instructions may be read into main memory 1106 from another storage medium, such as storage device 1100. Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 1106 causes processor 1104 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions.

The term "storage medium" as used herein refers to any medium that stores data and/or instructions for causing a machine to operate in a specific form. Such storage media may include permanent media and/or non-permanent media. Permanent media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device 1100. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 1106. Common forms of storage media include, for example, a magnetic plastic disk, floppy disk, hard disk, solid state drive, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic data storage medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical data storage medium, any physical medium with holes, a RAM, a PROM, an EPROM, a flash EPROM, NVRAM, any other memory chip or cartridge.

A storage medium is different from, but used in conjunction with, a transmission medium. Transmission media participate in the transfer of information between storage media. For example, transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the cables that comprise bus 1102. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infrared data communications.

The media may take many forms, and may carry one or more sequences of one or more instructions for execution by processor 1104. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk or solid state drive of a remote computer. The remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modem local to computer system 1100 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitter to convert the data to an infra-red signal. An infra-red detector can receive the data carried in the infra-red signal and appropriate circuitry can place the data on bus 1102. Bus 1102 carries the data to main memory 1106, from which processor 1104 retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by main memory 1106 may optionally be stored on storage device 1110 either before or after execution by processor 1104.

Computer system 1100 also includes a communication interface 1118 coupled to bus 1102. Communication interface 1118 provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link 1120 that is connected to a local network 1122. For example, communication interface 1118 may be an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) card, a cable modem, a satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, communication interface 1118 may be a Local Area Network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, communication interface 1118 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.

Network link 1120 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link 1120 may provide a connection through local network 1122 to a host computer 1124 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 1126. ISP1126, in turn, provides data communication through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the "internet" 1128. Local network 1122 and Internet 1128 both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 1120 and through communication interface 1118, which carry the digital data to and from computer system 1100, are exemplary forms of transmission media.

Computer system 1100 can send information and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 1120 and communication interface 1118. In the internet example, a server 1130 might transmit a requested code for an application program through internet 1128, ISP1126, local network 1122 and communication interface 1118.

The received code may be executed by processor 1104 as it is received, and/or stored in storage device 1110, or other persistent storage for later execution.

In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to numerous specific details that may vary from implementation to implementation. Thus, the sole and exclusive indicator of what is the invention, and is intended by the applicants to be the invention, is the set of claims that issue from this application, in the specific form in which such claims issue, including any subsequent correction. Any definitions expressly set forth herein for terms contained in such claims shall govern the meaning of such terms as used in the claims. Hence, no limitation, element, property, feature, advantage or attribute that is not expressly recited in a claim should limit the scope of such claim in any way. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

5.0 examples

In an embodiment, a stackable communications system includes: a plurality of modules, wherein each module is capable of performing a particular function or group of functions of the system; wherein each module comprises: a power controller; a power switch; surfaces connecting other modules are connected with each other; and components that perform a particular function or group of functions; each module being connected to each other, to at least one other module, by means of a surface; at least one module can be connected to more than one module by surface interconnection; and each module communicates with at least one other module of the plurality of modules.

In an embodiment, the surface interconnections of the system are physical interconnections between modules.

In an embodiment, the interconnection of the system is a physical interconnection of pogo pins between modules.

In an embodiment, one of the plurality of modules of the system is a base module, wherein the base module further comprises: a total power determination subsystem that determines a total available power from the power source; a surplus power calculation subsystem that calculates a first surplus power available to the other modules by subtracting the power required by the base module from the total available power; a surplus power storage subsystem that stores a first surplus power available to the other modules; a module detection subsystem that detects modules connected to the base module; a power interrogation subsystem that interrogates modules connected for power requirements of the modules; a power calculation subsystem that calculates a second remaining power available to the other module by subtracting a power demand of the module from the first remaining power available to the other module; a power transfer subsystem that powers the connected module if a second remaining power available to the other module is greater than zero; and a remaining power transmission subsystem that transmits a second remaining power available to the other module to the module connected for storage.

In an embodiment, the modules of the system are properly aligned by magnets.

In an embodiment, a particular module of the system detects the orientation of the connected module.

In an embodiment, certain modules of the system further comprise: a module detection subsystem that detects modules connected to a particular module; a power interrogation subsystem that interrogates modules connected for power requirements of the modules; a power calculation subsystem that calculates new remaining power available to other modules by subtracting the power requirements of the modules from the remaining power available to the other modules stored in the particular module; a power transfer subsystem that powers the connected module if the new remaining power available to the other module is greater than zero; and a remaining power transmission subsystem that sends new remaining power available to other modules to the module connected for storage.

In an embodiment, a stackable communications system includes: a plurality of modules, wherein each module is capable of performing a particular function or group of functions of the system; wherein each module comprises: a power controller; a power switch; inductive interconnections to other modules, wherein the interconnections are connected by close proximity inductively coupled ethernet; and components that perform a particular function or group of functions; each module is connected to at least one other module by an interconnection; and each module communicates with at least one other module of the plurality of modules.

In an embodiment, one of the plurality of modules of the system is a base module, wherein the base module further comprises: a total power determination subsystem that determines a total available power from the power source; a surplus power calculation subsystem that calculates a first surplus power available to the other modules by subtracting the power required by the base module from the total available power; a surplus power storage subsystem that stores a first surplus power available to the other modules; a module detection subsystem that detects modules connected to the base module; a power interrogation subsystem that interrogates modules connected for power requirements of the modules; a power calculation subsystem that calculates a second remaining power available to the other module by subtracting a power demand of the module from the first remaining power available to the other module; a power transfer subsystem that powers the connected module if a second remaining power available to the other module is greater than zero; and a remaining power transmission subsystem that transmits a second remaining power available to the other module to the module connected for storage.

In an embodiment, the modules of the system are properly aligned by magnets.

In an embodiment, a particular module of the system detects the orientation of the connected module.

In an embodiment, certain modules of the system further comprise: a module detection subsystem that detects modules connected to a particular module; a power interrogation subsystem that interrogates modules connected for power requirements of the modules; a power calculation subsystem that calculates new remaining power available to other modules by subtracting the power requirements of the modules from the remaining power available to the other modules stored in the particular module; a power transfer subsystem that powers the connected module if the new remaining power available to the other module is greater than zero; and a remaining power transmission subsystem that sends new remaining power available to other modules to the module connected for storage.

In an embodiment, an audio system comprises: an audio server that processes an audio portion of media content; and at least one speaker client; wherein the audio server probes the speaker client; wherein the audio server determines a location of the speaker client; and wherein the audio server configures the speaker client based at least in part on the determined location of the speaker client.

In an embodiment, the audio server of the system resides in a bar speaker.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises: a display subsystem that displays a graphical interface to a user; a user input subsystem that receives a user command input indicating a preferred configuration from a graphical interface of a speaker client selected by a user; and wherein the audio server reconfigures the speaker client based on the received user command input.

In an embodiment, the speaker client of the system further comprises an indicator indicating a preferred configuration of the speaker client.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises: a configuration detection subsystem that detects a preferred configuration of the speaker client; and wherein the audio server configures the speaker client based at least in part on the preferred configuration of the speaker.

In an embodiment, the audio server and speaker client of the system are connected by a wireless connection.

In an embodiment, a newly placed speaker client of the system transmits a signal to the audio server to initialize the detection and configuration of the newly placed speaker client.

In an embodiment, all speaker clients of the system have a common physical configuration.

In an embodiment, an audio server of a system includes modules on a stackable communication system.

In an embodiment, the audio servers of the system are connected to a stackable communication system.

In an embodiment, an audio system comprises: an audio server that processes an audio portion of media content; at least one speaker client; a display subsystem that displays a graphical interface to a user; and a user input subsystem receiving a user command input specifying a configuration from a graphical interface of a speaker client selected by a user; wherein the audio server probes the speaker client; and wherein the audio server configures the speaker client based on the received user command input.

In an embodiment, the audio server of the system resides in a bar speaker.

In an embodiment, the speaker client of the system further comprises a mechanism to indicate a preferred configuration of the speaker client.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises: a configuration detection subsystem that detects a preferred configuration of the speaker client; and wherein the audio server configures the speaker client based at least in part on the preferred configuration of the speaker.

In an embodiment, the audio server and speaker client of the system are connected by a wireless connection.

In an embodiment, a newly placed speaker client of the system transmits a signal to the audio server to initialize the detection and configuration of the newly placed speaker client.

In an embodiment, all speaker clients of the system have a common physical configuration.

In an embodiment, an audio server of a system includes modules on a stackable communication system.

In an embodiment, the audio servers of the system are connected to a stackable communication system.

In an embodiment, a method or computer-readable medium of processing an audio portion of media content comprises: the method includes probing the speaker client, determining a location of the speaker client, and configuring the speaker client based at least in part on the determined location of the speaker client.

In an embodiment, a method or computer readable medium of configuring a speaker client further comprises: displaying a graphical interface to a user; receiving a user command input indicating a preferred configuration from a graphical interface of a speaker client selected by a user; and based on the received user command input, reconfiguring the speaker client.

In an embodiment, a method or computer readable medium of configuring a speaker client further comprises: detecting a preferred configuration of a speaker client transmitted by the speaker client; and configuring the speaker client based at least in part on the preferred configuration of the speaker client.

Claims (12)

1. A separable coupling transformer device, comprising:

a first portion of a separable coupling transformer;

a first stackable chassis configured to be in one or more physical surface contacts by stacking with a second, different stackable chassis of a second, different device, the second stackable chassis including a second portion of the separable coupling transformer;

the first stackable chassis includes a first portion of a separable coupling transformer, and the ethernet transmitter is electrically connected to the first portion of the separable coupling transformer;

the first portion of the separable coupling transformer is configured to:

when a first portion of a separable coupling transformer is placed within an inductive range of a second portion of the separable coupling transformer, the first portion is inductively coupled to the second portion of the separable coupling transformer;

when a first portion of a separable coupling transformer is placed within an inductive range of a second portion of the separable coupling transformer, the first portion establishes a wireless Ethernet communication connection with the second portion of the separable coupling transformer;

receiving an ethernet signal from an ethernet transmitter; and

an ethernet signal is transmitted over the wireless ethernet communication connection to the second portion of the separable coupling transformer.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an Ethernet transmitter connected to a first portion of the separable coupling transformer, the Ethernet transmitter configured to:

when the second portion of the separable coupling transformer is within the inductive range,

the ethernet transmitter transmits network traffic to a second device over the wireless ethernet communication connection, the second device including a second portion of the separable coupling transformer.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a receiver component connected to a first portion of the separable coupling transformer, the receiver component configured to:

when the second portion of the separable coupling transformer is within the inductive range,

the receiver component receives network traffic from a second device over the wireless ethernet communication connection, the second device including a second portion of the separable coupling transformer.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

the first stackable chassis includes a first portion of a second separable coupling transformer, the ethernet receiver electrically connected to the first portion of the second separable coupling transformer;

the second stackable chassis includes a second portion of a second separable coupling transformer;

a first portion of a second separable coupling transformer configured to:

when a first portion of a second separable coupling transformer is placed within an inductive range of a second portion of the second separable coupling transformer, the first portion of the second separable coupling transformer is inductively coupled to the second portion of the second separable coupling transformer;

the first portion of the second separable coupling transformer establishes a wireless ethernet communication connection with the second portion of the second separable coupling transformer for receiving network traffic when the first portion of the second separable coupling transformer is placed within inductive range of the second portion of the second separable coupling transformer.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the separable coupling transformer comprises a core that is at least one of C-shaped, E-shaped, U-shaped, circular, or oblong.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein a plurality of coils on the second portion of the separable coupling transformer are symmetric with a plurality of coils on the first portion of the separable coupling transformer.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second stackable chassis are vertically stacked.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second stackable chassis are stacked horizontally.

9. The apparatus of claim 4, the first portion of the separable coupling transformer comprising a core that is at least one of C-shaped, E-shaped, U-shaped, toroid-shaped, or oblong-shaped.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a plurality of coils on the second portion of the separable coupling transformer are symmetric with a plurality of coils on the first portion of the separable coupling transformer.

11. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second stackable chassis are vertically stacked.

12. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first and second stackable chassis are stacked horizontally.