HK1179183A - An aerosol shave composition comprising a hydrophobical agent forming at least one microdroplet - Google Patents

Description

Aerosol shave composition comprising a hydrophobic agent forming at least one droplet

Background

Post foaming shave gels are now well known. See, for example, U.S. patent publications 5,326,556 and 5,500,211. Various efforts have been made to increase the lubricity of shaving compositions. It is known to incorporate various polymers into personal care compositions. See, e.g., U.S. patent publication 2007/0207106; U.S. patent publication nos. 5,902,574 and 5,262,154. In addition, in some cases, lubricious water soluble polymers such as polyethylene oxide or polyvinylpyrrolidone have been added. See, for example, U.S. patent publications 5,560,859 and 5,858,343. In other cases, water-insoluble particles have been added, including water-insoluble polymer particles, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or polyamide (nylon) particles, and water-insoluble inorganic particles, such as titanium dioxide or glass beads. See, for example, U.S. patent publications 5,587,156 and 4,155,870. Various other shaving gels have been disclosed. See, e.g., U.S. patent publication nos. 2006/0257349, 2006/0257350, and 2005/0175575 and 5,500,211 and 6,352,689, and WO publication No. 2010/009989.

To improve upon conventional shaving methods, manufacturers provide various types of shaving oils, including those manufactured by King of Shaves. These shaving oils typically include various forms of silicone or mineral oils and are described for use in place of foaming shave preparations either before or after application of the foaming shave preparation. It is believed that it is desirable to incorporate these shaving oil ingredients into a fully formulated post-foaming gel to provide the lubricating benefits of the shaving oil while maintaining the skin comfort of the foaming formulation.

Certain polyorganosiloxane microemulsions having an average particle size of less than 0.14 microns have been reported to be suitable for incorporation into aerosols or post-foaming gels. See U.S.5,523,081. Formulating post-foaming shave gels containing polysiloxane microemulsions with such specific average particle size limitations can be difficult to manufacture due to the strong processing limitations required to make such small particles. Thus, there remains a need for new post-foaming gels that can provide enhanced lubrication while maintaining skin comfort and foaming capacity while being sufficient to be manufactured on a commercial scale. The present invention addresses one or more of these needs.

Disclosure of Invention

One aspect of the present invention relates to a personal care composition in the form of an aerosol product, preferably a post-foaming gel or shave foam, comprising: from about 2% to about 25% of a water dispersible surfactant; from about 40% to about 95% of an aqueous carrier; from about 1% to about 6% of a volatile post-foaming agent; and from about 0.01% to about 15% of a hydrophobic agent, wherein the hydrophobic agent forms at least one droplet having a particle size of from about 0.15 microns to about 10 microns.

Detailed Description

As used herein, the term "fat" refers to hydrocarbon chains having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms (C12-22), preferably from 14 to 18 carbon atoms (C14-18). The chain may be straight or branched and may be saturated or unsaturated (typically one or two double bonds in the chain). The term "water-dispersible" as used herein means that the material is sufficiently dispersible or soluble in water.

The personal care compositions of the present invention are suitable for use as hair removal formulations, such as post foaming shave gel compositions. In one embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.005% to about 3% of a cationic polysaccharide, wherein the cationic polysaccharide is hydrophobically modified; from about 2% to about 25%, preferably from about 5% to about 20%, of a water dispersible surfactant, from about 60% to about 93%, or from about 70% to about 85%, of a carrier, such as water; and a lubricant. The lubricant can comprise, by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.01% to about 1% of a lubricious water soluble polymer, from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 2% of water insoluble particles, and from about 0.0005% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 0.5% of a hydrogel-forming polymer. Preferably, the composition is in the form of a post-foaming shave gel and will additionally include from about 1% to about 6%, preferably from about 2% to about 5%, of a volatile post-foaming agent.

In one embodiment, the personal care compositions of the present invention have a viscosity of from about 85 to about 3000cps, in an alternative embodiment from about 185 to about 2500cps, in an alternative embodiment from about 190 to about 2000cps, and in an alternative embodiment from about 200 to about 1900cps, as measured by a commercial immersion probe rheometer, such as Hydramotion Viscolite model 700 VL700s (solid-in-line rheometer). The viscosity of the present invention was determined by immersing the test probe into 200ml of the formulation, activating the probe and recording the results after a stabilization time of 60 seconds.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the personal care compositions of the present invention having increased viscosity provide excellent protection because they are more effective at high shear rates. Furthermore, the high viscosity of the present invention surprisingly exists while achieving the desired lubrication benefits, which can be shown by coefficient of friction measurements.

In one embodiment, the aerosol shave composition is a substantially homogeneous mixture of its components. As defined herein, homogeneous refers to a composition that has consistent uniform mixing and no distinct regions that can be observed with the naked eye. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that hydrophobic agents are capable of forming droplets. However, these droplets should not produce visible phase separation from the rest of the composition. It is important to find that the present invention allows the benefits delivered by conventional shave preparations and pre-shave oils and other treatments to be conveniently delivered in a single composition that is capable of providing enhanced lubrication but still maintains skin comfort and lather ability in a single composition that does not have to be shaken or otherwise mixed by the user prior to dispensing from the container. In one embodiment, the composition can also be contained in a separate container having a single compartment.

1. Water repellent

The aerosol shave composition of the present invention comprises a hydrophobic agent. The hydrophobic agent may be present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, even more preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight of the aerosol shave composition.

Non-limiting examples of hydrophobic agents that can be used according to the present invention include at least one of silicone polymers, emollient oils, mineral oils, water soluble vitamins (e.g., vitamin E and vitamin a), oil soluble fragrances, oil soluble colorants, any oil soluble sensates, anhydrous polyols, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the silicone polymer comprises any member of the polydimethylsiloxane family, such as at least one of an organosiloxane, an amino-functional siloxane, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the organosiloxane comprises at least one of dimethylsiloxane, trimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, silicone elastomer, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable organosiloxanes include the polyorganosiloxanes disclosed in the following U.S. patents: U.S. Pat. nos. 6,096,697, 5,523,081, 4,749,732, 4,620,878, 5,015,682 (carboxyl glycol ethers and carboxyl glycol ester functional polysiloxanes); EP 0268982 (polydiorganosiloxane), and amino-functional polydiorganosiloxanes as disclosed in EP 0514934. One non-limiting example of a suitable amino-functional siloxane is polydimethylsiloxane, which is the family of acrylamides (am) and TRIQUAT copolymers. Non-limiting examples of suitable emollients and mineral oils include any product that is commercially available and used for skin care or cosmetic use.

In one embodiment, the silicone polymer is a silicon having a viscosity of from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes, preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 centistokes, preferably from about 3,000 to about 1,500,000 centistokes, preferably from about 10,000 to about 1,000,000 centistokes, preferably from about 30,000 to about 60,000 centistokes, at 25 ℃. The viscosity can be measured by means of a glass capillary viscometer, as shown by the Dow Corning corporation test method CTM0004, 20.7.1970. The silicon may also be a silicone oil, which is a flowable silicone material having a viscosity of less than 1,000,000 centistokes, preferably between about 5 and 1,000,000 centistokes, more preferably between about 10 and about 600,000 centistokes, more preferably between about 10 and about 500,000 centistokes, most preferably between 10 and 300,000 centistokes, at 25 ℃. Suitable silicone oils include polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble nonvolatile silicone fluids having conditioning properties can also be utilized. Silicone oils suitable for use in the composition include polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxanes corresponding to the formula:

wherein R is an aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl group, R may be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable unsubstituted R groups include alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, aralkyl, arylalkenyl, alkylamino, and ether-substituted, hydroxy-substituted, and halo-substituted aliphatic and aryl groups. Suitable R groups also include cationic amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups. The aliphatic or aryl groups substituted on the siloxane chain can have any structure so long as the resulting silicone remains fluid at room temperature, is hydrophobic, is neither irritating, toxic nor otherwise harmful when applied to hair or skin, is compatible with the other components of the personal cleansing compositions described herein, is chemically stable under normal use and storage conditions, is not soluble in the compositions of the present invention, and is capable of being deposited on hair and surfaces and conditioning and lubricating hair and skin.

In one embodiment, the ratio of hydrophobizing agent to volatile post-foaming agent is from about 1:3 to about 3:1, preferably from about 1:2 to about 2:1, even more preferably about 1:1, even more preferably about 2.5: 2.85.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the hydrophobic agents of the present invention provide the desired lubricating benefits previously observed when a user combines the shaving oils of a two-step shave prep process with a conventional shave foam. It is believed that the addition of the particular hydrophobic agents of the present invention via the droplet form allows the aerosol shave gels of the present invention (i.e., post-foaming gels) to provide the desired lubricating benefits in the shave oil while maintaining the desired foam matrix to provide cushioning and comfort during shaving.

Specific examples of suitable hydrophobizing agents include: polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) having a viscosity of from about 1 centistokes up to about 300,000 centistokes, commercially available polydimethylsiloxane emulsions (which can be pre-prepared by suppliers, e.g., HMW 2220 having an internal phase (polydimethylsiloxane) viscosity of greater than about 1 million centistokes, available from Dow Corning); amino-functional silicones and quaternary functional silicones (which may include terminal aminosilicones having a viscosity of about 10000 centistokes and Abil T Quat from Evonik); hydrophilically modified silicones (e.g., silicone polyethers available over a wide range of EO/PO substitutions) and dimethiconols available from suppliers such as Momentive, Dow Corning and Shin Etsu.

In one embodiment, the composition comprises more than one hydrophobic agent. For example, the composition can comprise amino-functional siloxanes and quaternary functional siloxanes having other hydrophilic functions, such as Waro Silicone Quats (Momentive) and SilC (Silicone LowCost), which are aminosilicones having hydrophilic groups (terminal and pendant) added via glycidyl or PPG groups, as well as saccharide-functional siloxanes available from Dow Corning and Wacker, which typically also include amino groups to link the siloxane backbone to saccharide groups. In one embodiment, the functionalized siloxane can be a phenyl siloxane.

2. Micro-droplets

As defined herein, a droplet refers to a fluid particle having a particle size range and/or an average particle size as defined herein. As explained in the background of the invention herein, it has been reported that it is desirable to add certain polyorganosiloxane microemulsions having an average particle size of less than 0.14 microns to introduce them into an aerosol or post-foaming gel. See U.S.5,523,081. However, despite the references of U.S.5,523,081, the present inventors have found that the droplets of the present invention are particularly desirable.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that increasing the size of the hydrophobic agent beyond the size disclosed in U.S.5,523,081 provides the desired lubricating benefit, while still maintaining the desired compositional rheology (i.e., thickness and viscosity) and foam forming ability of the inventive aerosol shave composition.

For example, providing droplets into the compositions of the present invention, which comprise other hydrophobic ingredients, has not been found to experience the common potential problems associated with the presence of high molecular compounds in consumer finished compositions, i.e., tackiness and fibrous, as opposed to certain beliefs. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that by providing a dispersion of droplets, the hydrophobic agent is less likely to interact with other functional ingredients (e.g., typically including those used for foaming, lubrication, and/or spreading, including but not limited to: propellants, polymers, and soaps) to allow the hydrophobic agent to deliver the desired lubricating and sensory benefits that were previously obtained only through a multi-step, multi-product shaving process. It is now important that we be able to provide certain benefits of hydrophobic agents to shaving compositions.

Furthermore, it is believed that most hydrophobic and low surface tension materials generally reduce and diminish the foaming and lathering properties of conventional lathering compositions. The present invention provides the desired lubricating benefits while maintaining the desired foaming and lathering properties. Without being bound by theory, it has been found that while the droplets have a size greater than those described in the past, the present invention provides desirable composition characteristics while providing desirable shaving benefits.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that compositions comprising the hydrophobic agents of the present invention of chemical composition and physical size can be present in such compositions but do not exhibit phase separation that is visible to the naked eye. In one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent forms a discontinuous phase and the other components of the composition are capable of forming a continuous phase with any aqueous component. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that although discrete particles can be observed using a tool such as a microscope, the composition will appear as a single substantially homogenous mixture having a uniform appearance when it is in the gel (pre-foamed) state. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the compositions of the present invention are capable of delivering type 2 in 1 benefits previously obtained by utilizing pre-shave oils and foaming shave preparations. By providing multiple shaving benefits in a single composition, the shaving process can be simplified by obscuring the need for additional application of shaving oil. Furthermore, it is believed that by incorporating a hydrophobic agent into the compositions of the present invention, users of conventional shave preparations can now benefit from the presence of a hydrophobic agent, which previously involved an additional pre-shaving step, such as the application of oil prior to the application of the shave preparation.

a. Particle size range

In one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent present in the aerosol shave gel forms at least one droplet having a particle size of from about 0.15 microns to about 10 microns, preferably from about 0.5 microns to about 5 microns, preferably from about 1.5 microns to about 3 microns, more preferably about 2 microns.

In another embodiment, the microdroplets may have a particle size of about 0.5 microns to about 50 microns, preferably about 2 microns to about 10 microns, or about 2 microns to about 5 microns. It is believed that this second set of ranges for the droplets may occur when the composition is allowed to stand after it is prepared. Depending on the particular formulation, a certain amount of relatively smaller droplets may combine to form relatively larger droplets, such as those described in this paragraph. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the larger droplets are capable of delivering enhanced benefits such as moisturization of the skin, as the larger droplets allow more agent to be released onto the skin during application.

b. Average particle size

In another embodiment, the hydrophobic agent in the aerosol shave gel forms a plurality of droplets comprising an average particle size of from about 0.5 microns to about 3 microns, preferably from about 1.5 microns to about 2.5 microns, more preferably from about 1.9 microns to about 2.4 microns, and even more preferably about 2 microns.

As used herein, the average particle size relates to the largest outer linear dimension of the particle formed by the hydrophobic agent and is determined by the dynamic light scattering method as defined herein.

Dynamic light scattering method：

Dynamic light scattering method the average diameter of lamellar vesicles, which is the intensity weighted average diameter, is measured by light scattering data techniques. One suitable instrument for determining the average diameter is a Brookhaven 90Plus nanometer particle size analyzer. Dilute suspensions were prepared with a range of test sample concentrations from 0.001% to 1% v/v using suitable wetting and/or dispersing agents (i.e., water). A 10mL sample of the suspension was placed into the cuvette and the measurement giving the mean particle size was recorded.

c. Additives dissolved in hydrophobing agents

One or more of the adjunct ingredients described in the following section entitled "other adjunct ingredients" can be used as an additive that is at least partially dissolved in the hydrophobizing agent. In one embodiment, all additives can be dissolved in the hydrophobic agent before the hydrophobic agent is converted into droplets. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the one or more additives can be in a pure state and not dissolved in the hydrophobic agent. In one embodiment, the additive dissolved in the hydrophobic agent is any suitable skin care composition that is soluble in the hydrophobic agent, such as a silicone. In one embodiment, the additive is an aesthetic component (e.g., fragrance, pigment, and stain/colorant) essential oil, skin sensate, excipient, and/or astringent (e.g., clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate, clobetasol). Additional additives can be selected from the following sensates, excipients or cooling agents. Non-limiting examples of suitable additives include: menthol dissolved in silicone can provide a more intense burst and release control feature, a fragrance added to silicone can provide a full-day after shaving, and an oil-soluble fuel or colorant can provide a visually pleasing aesthetic to the composition.

In one embodiment, the additive can be provided at a level of from about 1% to about 99% by weight of the hydrophobizing agent. The additives may also be added to the hydrophobizing agent prior to any procedure used to make the hydrophobizing agent into droplets. In another embodiment where the additives are in a pure configuration (added directly to the main chassis of the composition), they can be added during processing with other adjunct ingredients. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the presence of the hydrophobizing agent and the additive in the neat product can provide benefits such as: a faster cooling sensation, an increased or prolonged sensation or scent, etc.

3. Microdroplet premix

The hydrophobic agent of the present invention is preferably formed into microdroplets via an emulsion premix. As defined herein, a microdroplet premix refers to a hydrophobic agent mixed with a carrier such as water. In one embodiment, the premix of microdroplets comprises at least about 50% hydrophobic agent and up to about 50% carrier, such as an aqueous material. In one embodiment, the premix of microdroplets is an oil-in-water emulsion. In another embodiment, the premix of microdroplets is a water-in-oil emulsion. In another embodiment, the vector further comprises one or more of the following: organic co-solvents, glycerin, diglycerin, sorbitol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, PEG 4, and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the ratio of hydrophobic agent to carrier (optionally containing an emulsifier) is from about 99.8:2 to about 1:99, preferably from about 50:50 to about 95: 5. It is believed that providing a premix of microdroplets having a relatively large amount of hydrophobic agent in the carrier is particularly preferred for achieving microdroplets when the hydrophobic agent is added to the other ingredients of the composition. The carrier may also comprise water dispersible surfactants, water stable particles (e.g. zeolites), thickening polymers, nanolatexes in hydrophilic liquids, surface tension reducing polymers (e.g. cyclodextrins), microgels such as carbomer, natrosol plus 330 or other polymeric stabilizers such as lauryl dimethicone/copolyol crosspolymers, or mixtures thereof.

Importantly, it has been found that when commercially available shave oils are simply added directly to an aerosol shave gel formulation and then agitated, the shave oils form silicone particles having a particle size in the range of 10 microns or greater. However, these mixtures were found to be undesirably soft and unable to make the desired foam when tested. In addition, high shear is required to introduce viscous hydrophobic agents (e.g., oils) into the carrier (water) to form a continuous gel formulation. This can hinder the ability of the water dispersible surface active material and propellant to ultimately foam and foam during use. However, the pre-mixing step of the present invention enables the mild incorporation of the hydrophobic agent into the formulation while maintaining homogeneity and integrity of the composition. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the inability to form a premix of droplets can result in the hydrophobic agent forming larger droplets or becoming trapped inside the soap micelles and not being free to thoroughly lubricate the hair and skin and interact with volatile foaming agents added to the mixture, thereby affecting the viscosity of the product as it is dispensed from the aerosol can during use.

The premix microdroplets can also include one or more emulsifiers. In one embodiment, the emulsifier comprises a surfactant, a water-soluble emulsification polymer, or a mixture thereof. In one embodiment, the emulsifier comprises a water soluble emulsification polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 500 daltons, or at least about 3000 daltons, or at least about 9000 daltons, or at least about 10,000 daltons. The upper limit is defined by processability, for example if the weight exceeds 100,000 daltons, the carrier material may be extremely water insoluble and difficult to fill with microdroplets, but in practice no problems have been encountered.

Non-limiting examples of suitable emulsifiers include alkyl glucosides such as decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside, laureth 7, siterna L70C, ECTD 3NEX, plantaren 2000, sucrose cocoate, polyglyceryl laurate 10, laureth-6 carboxylate, and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the emulsifier comprises at least one non-alkoxylated water-soluble emulsification polymer. Examples of suitable non-alkoxylated water-soluble emulsification polymers are described in U.S. patent publication nos. 2005/0031659, 2005/0031568, and 2005/0032916, each to Deckner. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the use of emulsifiers in forming the premix of microdroplets is particularly useful because the emulsifiers aid in microdroplet formation.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the personal care compositions of the present invention having an increased viscosity provide excellent protection because they are more effective under high shear (e.g., when rubbed onto the skin by hand or another applicator). Furthermore, the high viscosity of the present invention surprisingly exists while producing improved lubrication benefits as measured by the method of lubrication at shave as defined herein.

In one embodiment, the microdroplet premix forms microdroplets as described herein. In one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent in the premix of microdroplets and the hydrophobic agent in the aerosol shave composition that forms the at least one microdroplet have the same range of particle sizes and/or average particle size as described with respect to the microdroplets.

In one embodiment, the premix of microdroplets is free or substantially free of electrolyte. As used herein, substantially free of a component means that no amount of the component is intentionally incorporated into the composition. Residual or carry-over amounts of the components may be present, as long as there is no intentionally added amount, preferably not more than 0.01% or 0.001% by weight.

In another embodiment, the premix for microdroplets includes a ratio of hydrophobic agent to emulsifier of from about 50:50 up to about 95: 5. Preferably, after the microdroplet premix is formed, it is next added and agitated into the shave gel concentrate (i.e., the remaining ingredients) before being treated with a volatile post-foaming agent gas and allowing the gel to set.

In one embodiment, the pre-mixture is formed in a single mixing step. In another embodiment, the premix can be formed in multiple steps. In one embodiment, the process for preparing the premix comprises at least three steps. 1) Forming the carrier can include mixing and agitating the one or more emulsifiers, the one or more additives, or the mixture thereof with the water. 2) Discrete batches of 2-3% of the total weight of the hydrophobing agent were added dropwise to the aqueous phase in sequence with gentle stirring to obtain a uniform consistency before the next batch was added. This process is continued until about 20% of the total weight of the hydrophobizing agent has been obtained. At this point, the remaining oil can be added more rapidly and in a continuous manner with more vigorous stirring until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained containing all of the hydrophobizing agent. 3) Stirring is continued until a uniform consistency is obtained in which the majority of the hydrophobizing agent, or at least 75% of the hydrophobizing agent, or at least 90% of the hydrophobizing agent, or at least 95% of the hydrophobizing agent, or substantially all of the hydrophobizing agent is in the form of microdroplets.

In one embodiment, steps 1 and 2 can be performed simultaneously, as the carrier can be formed upon addition of discrete batches of hydrophobizing agent. Thus, a pre-mixing carrier component step may not be necessary.

In one embodiment, the premix is formed by mixing the hydrophobic agent with the carrier and optionally with the emulsifier, additive or mixture thereof. This premix-forming step can be under low shear, for example by hand mixing or by a conventional mixer capable of preparing an emulsion. In one embodiment, the forming step is carried out for a period of at least 5 minutes, alternatively from about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes, preferably about 30 minutes.

Where the premix is prepared on a laboratory or bench scale, a medium shear conventional mixer can be utilized, such as a Kitchen with paddle connectionsA super high power stirrer. If multiple ingredients are present in the carrier, the agitator can be set to any setting to form the carrier. When the hydrophobizing agent is added to the carrier, the stirrer can be operated at a setting of 2,3 or 4, depending on the viscosity of the ingredients. Stirring was carried out until the desired premix was obtained. Another suitable agitator for forming the pre-mixture includes the Cito Ungutor, which is capable of operating at a setting of 5. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other more industrial agitators can be utilized where the premix is formed on a commercial scale.

The premix can be formed at higher shear, for example by using a Speed Mixer DAC 800FVZ with an RPM setting of about 1950. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that where higher shear is utilized, the amount of time required to form a uniform consistency can be shorter. Depending on the viscosity of the ingredients used in the pre-mix and other stirring conditions (temperature, batch volume, stirring time, etc.), different degrees of shear can be utilized.

Examples of suitable methods for preparing microdroplets have been described in paragraphs 37-50 and examples of U.S. patent publication 2005/0032916 to Deckner (describing methods for preparing perfume oil emulsions), paragraph 33 and examples of 2005/0031659 to Deckner (describing methods for preparing emulsions having a concentrated internal oil phase), paragraph 32 and examples of 2005/0031568 to Deckner (describing methods for preparing concentrated oil-in-water emulsions). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that although some of the examples disclosed in the three publications above are for other types of compositions, similar methods of forming emulsions (described herein as premixes) can also be utilized.

In one embodiment, the premix comprises about 70%, alternatively about 80%, alternatively more than 93%, by weight of the premix, of the internal hydrophobic agent phase.

4. Water-dispersible surfactants

The personal care compositions of the present invention comprise one or more surfactants. The water dispersible or water soluble surfactant is preferably one that is capable of forming a foam and may comprise soap, discontinuous soap, detergent, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, or a mixture of one or more thereof. The one or more water dispersible surfactants can be present at a level of from about 2% to about 15%, preferably from about 3% to about 12%. In one embodiment, the amount of hydrophobic agent to water dispersible surface active material has a weight ratio of 0.1:1 to about 10:1, alternatively about 0.5:1 to about 5:1, alternatively about 1:1 to about 3: 1. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that by providing the hydrophobic agent as droplets, the composition can include higher amounts of hydrophobic agent while being stable and providing the desired lubricating and shaving-related benefits.

Soaps may include, for example, the sodium, potassium and lower alkanolamine (preferably triethanolamine) salts of C12-C22, preferably C14-C18 fatty acids. Typical fatty acids include lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid and mixtures thereof. Preferred fatty acids are palmitic acid and stearic acid. The discontinuous soaps include, for example, the sodium, potassium and lower alkanolamine (preferably triethanolamine) salts of N-fatty acyl sarcosines, wherein the fatty acyl moiety has from 12 to 22, preferably from 14 to 18, carbon atoms. Typical sarcosines include stearoyl sarcosine, myristoyl sarcosine, palmitoyl sarcosine, oleoyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, and mixtures thereof. The soaps and discontinuous soaps may be used in pre-neutralized form (i.e., as the sodium, potassium or alkanolamine salt) or in the free acid form, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or a lower alkanolamine (preferably triethanolamine). Regardless, the final composition preferably comprises sufficient base to neutralize or partially neutralize the soap component and adjust the pH to a desired level (typically between 5 and 10, more typically between 6 and 9). Most preferably the shaving composition comprises soap (e.g., triethanolamine palmitate/stearate), discontinuous soap (e.g., triethanolamine stearoyl sarcosinate/myristoyl sarcosinate), or mixtures thereof.

The water dispersible surface active agent may also optionally include a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and/or an anionic surfactant. Suitable nonionic surfactants generally have an HLB of 9 or more and include polyoxyethylene ethers of fatty alcohols, acids and amides, especially having from 10 to 20, preferably from 12 to 18, carbon atoms in the fatty group and from about 2 to 60, preferably from 4 to 30, ethylene oxide units. These include, for example, oleyl polyoxyethylene ether 20, stearyl polyoxyethylene ether 21, cetyl polyoxyethylene ether 20, lauryl polyoxyethylene ether 4 and lauryl polyoxyethylene ether 23. Other nonionic surfactants include alkyl substituted polyoxyethylene phenols (e.g., nonoxynol-4 and nonoxynol-20), fatty alkanolamides (e.g., lauramide DEA and cocamide MEA), fatty acid polyethoxylated sorbitan esters (e.g., polysorbate 20, lauryl polyglucoside, sucrose fatty acid esters, sucrose laurate, and polyglycerol 8 oleate). Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, for example, betaines and sulfobetaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine, cocodimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, lauroamphoacetate, cocamidopropionic acid, and mixtures thereof. Others include isononyl isononanoate, polyhydroxystearic acid, ethylhexyl isononanoate, sodium cocoaminopropyl PG-dimethylammonium chloride, cetostearyl alcohol, cholesterol and stearyl alcohol. Suitable anionic surfactants include, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts (e.g., mono-, di-and triethanolamine salts) C8-C22, preferably C12-C18 alkyl sulfates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate), alkyl sulfonates (e.g., ammonium lauryl sulfonate), alkyl benzene sulfonates (e.g., ammonium xylene sulfonate), acyl isethionates (e.g., sodium cocoyl isethionate), acyl lactates (e.g., sodium cocoyl lactate), alkyl ether sulfates (e.g., ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate), sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate.

In one embodiment, the composition is free or substantially free of soap. As used herein, "substantially free" of a component means that no amount of that component is intentionally mixed into the composition. In one embodiment, the composition is a shaving gel free of self-foaming soap, as described in US 5500211.

5. Lubricant agent

The lubricious water soluble polymer generally has a molecular weight of between greater than about 300,000 and 15,000,000 daltons, preferably greater than about one million daltons, and will contain sufficient hydrophilic groups or substituents on the polymer chain to render the polymer water soluble. The polymer may be a homopolymer, copolymer or terpolymer. Examples of suitable lubricious water soluble polymers include polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyacrylamide. Preferred lubricious water soluble polymers include polyethylene oxide, and more particularly, polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of about 0.5 to about 5 million daltons. Particularly suitable polyethylene oxides include, for example, PEG-14M (molecular weight)600,000), PEG-23M (molecular weight)1 million), PEG-45M (molecular weight)2 million) and PEG-90M (molecular weight)4 hundredTen thousand). The lubricious water soluble polymer will generally be included in the post-foaming gel composition in an amount of from about 0.005% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 1%, by weight.

The water insoluble particles may include inorganic particles or organic polymer particles. Examples of the inorganic particles include titanium dioxide, silica, silicates, and glass beads, with glass beads being preferred. Examples of organic polymer particles include polytetrafluoroethylene particles, polyethylene particles, polypropylene particles, polyurethane particles, polyamide particles, or mixtures of two or more of the foregoing. Any of the above particles may also include a surface treatment to make the particles more easily dispersible or to improve their cosmetic aesthetics. Preferred are polytetrafluoroethylene particles (e.g., PTFE particles available from MicroPowders, inc. under the trade name Microslip). Preferred water insoluble particles have an average particle size of from about 1 μm to about 100 μm, more preferably from about 2 μm to about 50 μm, and most preferably from about 5 μm to about 15 μm. The particles may be of any desired shape, including spherical beads, elongated fibers, or irregular shapes, with spherical beads being the preferred shape. Generally, the water-insoluble particle slurry is included in the post-foaming gel composition in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight.

The hydrogel-forming polymers are highly hydrophilic polymers that form ordered three-dimensional domains in water on the order of nanometers. The hydrogel-forming polymer typically has a molecular weight greater than about one million daltons (although lower molecular weights are possible), and is typically at least partially or lightly crosslinked, and may be at least partially water insoluble, but it also includes a sufficient number of hydrophilic moieties to enable the polymer to entrap or bind a substantial amount of water within the polymer matrix and thus form three-dimensional domains. It has been found that shave gel compositions that include the hydrogel-forming polymers have improved gel structure and reduced coefficient of friction (i.e., increased lubricity). Examples of suitable hydrogel-forming polymers include polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid esterified with a polyol; a hydrophilic polyurethane; lightly crosslinked polyethylene oxide; lightly crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol; lightly crosslinked polyacrylamide; hydrophobically modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose; hydroxyethyl methacrylate; and cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Generally, the hydrogel-forming polymer will be included in the post-foaming gel composition in an amount of from about 0.0005% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.002% to about 0.1% by weight.

Preferred hydrogel-forming polymers comprise polyacrylic acid partially esterified with glycerol (e.g., about 40% to 60%, preferably about 50% esterified). Such polymers include glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymers (molecular weight)>One million). It is believed that the glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer forms a water-retaining clathrate that provides lubrication and moisturization to the skin upon release. Preferred sources of glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymers are under the trade nameKnown as available from isptech technologies, Inc (United Guardian Inc), particularly comprising about 1.0% to 1.3% of a glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer in aqueous glycerol (40% glycerol)In the form of an oil.The oil also includes about 0.6% PVM/MA copolymer (also known as methoxy ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer), which may also contribute to the lubricity of the source. Most preferably, the post-foaming gel composition will comprise from about 0.25% to about 4%Oil to provide a preferred level of glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer of about 0.002% to about 0.05%.This level of oil will also provide about 0.001% to about 0.03% of the PVM/MA copolymer.

6. Post-foaming agent

When included in the post-foaming gel composition, the post-foaming agent may be any volatile or halogenated hydrocarbon having a boiling point sufficiently low that it will volatilize and foam the gel when applied to the skin, but not so low as to cause the gel to foam prematurely. Typical boiling points for such agents are generally in the range of 20 ℃ to 40 ℃. Preferred post-blowing agents are selected from saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-butane, isobutane, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred is a mixture of isopentane and isobutane in a weight ratio (IP: IB) of from about 1:1 to about 9:1, preferably from about 2:1 to about 7:1, most preferably about 3: 1. The post-foaming agent is generally selected to provide a vapor pressure of from about 3 to about 20psig, preferably from about 5 to about 15psig, at 20 ℃. The post-foaming agent will be present in an amount to provide a sufficiently rapid transition of the post-foaming gel composition, i.e., transition from gel to foam, when in contact with the skin, typically in a time of about 2 to about 30 seconds, preferably about 5 to about 15 seconds.

7. Carrier

The carrier is preferably dermatologically acceptable, by which is meant that the carrier is suitable for topical application to keratinous tissue, has good aesthetic properties, is compatible with the active agents of the present invention, as well as any other components, and does not pose any safety or toxicity concerns. In one embodiment, the post-foaming gel composition comprises from about 50% to about 99.99%, preferably from about 60% to about 93%, more preferably from about 70% to about 90%, and even more preferably from about 80% to about 85%, by weight of the composition, of carrier. In one embodiment, the carrier comprises water.

8. Other auxiliary ingredients

While not necessary to form a useful shave gel composition, other cosmetic ingredients may be advantageously added to improve application aesthetics and/or achieve other shave benefits. For example, the composition may comprise one or more of the following components: beard moisturizers, skin conditioning agents (e.g., vitamin a, vitamin C, and vitamin E, aloe vera, allantoin, panthenol, alpha-hydroxy acids, phospholipids, triglycerides, vegetable oils, amino acids), foam boosters, emollients, humectants (e.g., glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol), fragrances, colorants, antioxidants, preservatives, organic cosolvents, and the like. Non-limiting examples of suitable organic cosolvents include at least one of glycerol, diglycerol, sorbitol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. It is especially preferred to include glycerin in the shave gel composition of the present invention, preferably in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 1%, by weight. Organic cosolvents are believed to improve the emollient properties of the composition.

It is advantageous to include a sorbitan fatty ester or a sucrose fatty ester, typically in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 2% by weight. These materials have the multifunctional properties of emulsifiers, humectants and anti-irritants. Sorbitan fatty acid esters include sorbitan stearate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan dioleate, and the like. Sucrose fatty acid esters include sucrose stearate, sucrose oleate, sucrose isostearate, sucrose cocoate, sucrose distearate, and the like. The sorbitan ester and sucrose ester may be a mixture of mono-, di-and tri-esters.

It is also desirable to include fatty acid esters, typically in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 5%, preferably from about 1% to about 4%, by weight. Useful fatty esters include fatty glycerides, such as glyceryl oleate and glyceryl dioleate; and fatty alcohol esters such as isostearyl linoleate, isohexadecyl oleate, and isostearyl isostearate. These materials provide emollient, emollient and gel structure.

It is also desirable to include a propoxylated fatty amide at a level of typically from about 0.5% to about 5%, preferably from about 1% to about 3%, by weight. The propoxylated fatty amide typically has from 1 to 3 propoxy groups attached to the hydroxy lower alkyl fatty amide. Thus, suitable propoxylated fatty amides include, for example, PPG 2-hydroxyethyl coco/isostearamide, PPG 3-hydroxyethyl linoleamide, and PPG 2-hydroxyethyl cocoamide.

The compositions of the present invention may comprise preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, and even more preferably from about 0.25% to about 4%, by weight of the composition, of one or more thickeners. Non-limiting classes of thickeners include those selected from the group consisting of: carboxylic acid polymers (crosslinked compounds comprising one or more monomers derived from acrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of these acrylic acids and substituted acrylic acids, wherein the crosslinking agent comprises two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and is derived from a polyol); crosslinked polyacrylate polymers (including both cationic and nonionic polymers, such as described in U.S. patent publication Nos. 5,100,660; 4,849,484; 4,835,206; 4,628,078; 4,599,379 and EP 228,868); a polymeric sulfonic acid (e.g., a copolymer of acryloyl dimethyltaurate and vinylpyrrolidone) and a hydrophobically modified polymeric sulfonic acid (e.g., a crosslinked polymer of acryloyl dimethyltaurate and behenyl polyether-25 methacrylate); polyacrylamide polymers (e.g., nonionic polyacrylamide polymers including substituted branched or unbranched polymers such as polyacrylamide and isoparaffins and laureth-7 as well as multiblock copolymers of acrylamide and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acid); polysaccharides (non-limiting examples of polysaccharide gelling agents include those selected from the group consisting of cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (sold under the trademark "Natrosol"), cellulose acetate propionate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (sold under the trademark "Klucel"), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof); gums (i.e., gum agents such as acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, pullulan, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, silica hydrate, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, seaweed, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof); and crystalline hydroxyl-containing fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or fatty waxes (e.g., microfibrillar cellulose structurants such as those disclosed in U.S. patent publication 6,967,027 to Heux et al; 5,207,826 to Westland et al; 4,487,634 to Turbak et al; 4,373,702 to Turbak et al and 4,863,565 to Johnson et al; U.S. patent publication 2007/0027108).

In one embodiment, the adjunct ingredients include one or more of a sensate or excipient suitable for application to the skin. These sensates or excipients may be those commonly used in cosmetic and personal care compositions on the market today. Each of the additives can be provided in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable additives include one or more of the following: bisabolol and ginger root; polyethylene glycol-7 sodium olive oil carboxylate; lauryl p-cresol ketoxime, 4- (1-phenylethyl) -1, 3-benzenediol, unsaponifiable matter of lupin (lupin) oil and wheat (triticum) germ oil, hydrolyzed lupin protein, extracts of L-lysine and L-arginine peptide, oil-soluble vitamin C, evodia fruit extract, zinc oxyprolin and zinc pyrrolidone carboxylate, alpha-linoleic acid, p-thymol, tea extracts (e.g. white tea extract); panthenol; a glycyrrhizic acid ester and combinations thereof; a skin and/or hair care active selected from the group consisting of: sugar amine, vitamin B3, retinoid, hydroquinone, peptide, farnesol, phytosterol, dialkanoyl hydroxyproline, hexamidine, salicylic acid, N-acyl amino acid compound, sunscreen active substance, water-soluble vitamin, oil-soluble vitamin, hesperetin, mustard seedExtracts, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, carnosine, Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA), menthyl anthranilate, cetylpyridinium chloride, tetrahydrocurcumin, vanillin or derivatives thereof, ergothioneine, melatoninerostatin, sterol ester, idebenone, dehydroacetic acid, licochalcone A, creatine, creatinine, feverfew extract, yeast extract (e.g., such as feverfew extract, etc.)) Beta-glucan, alpha-glucan, diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate, erythritol, p-methylbenzen-7-ol, benzyl phenylacetate, 4- (4-methoxyphenyl) butan-2-one, ethoxyquin, tannic acid, gallic acid, octadecenedioic acid, p-methylbenzen-5-ol, methylsulfonylmethane, avenanthramide (avenanthramide) compounds, fatty acids (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids), antifungal agents, thiol compounds (e.g., N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, thioglycolate), other vitamins (vitamin B12), beta-carotene, ubiquinone, amino acids, salts thereof, derivatives thereof, precursors thereof, and/or combinations thereof; and a dermatologically acceptable carrier. These and other potentially suitable active substances are described in more detail in U.S. patent publication nos. 2008/0069784 and 61/364,932 and U.S. serial No. 12/984,958. In another embodiment, the personal care composition further comprises a sensate. A non-limiting example of a suitable sensate is methyl naphthyl ketone. In one embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.001% to about 1% methyl naphthyl ketone. The methyl naphthyl ketone can be 1- (1, 2,3,4,5,6,7, 8-octahydro-2, 3,8, 8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl) ethanone or isomer or derivative thereof. It is commercially available as ambrotone from IFF, New York.

In another embodiment, the personal care composition further comprises from about 0.001% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5% of a cooling agent. Preferred cooling agents are, but are not limited to, menthol, CoolAct 10, menthyl lactate, and combinations thereof.

The second edition of CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook (1992) describes a variety of non-limiting Cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care field, which are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Examples of these composition classes include: abrasives, absorbents, aesthetic components such as fragrances, pigments, colorants/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, and the like (e.g., clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate), anti-acne agents, anti-caking agents, anti-foaming agents, antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, medicinal astringents, external analgesics, fatty alcohols and acids, film formers or materials such as polymers (e.g., copolymers of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone), opacifiers, pH modifiers, propellants, reducing agents, sequestering agents, skin lightening agents, and skin lightening agents, Skin conditioning agents, skin soothing and/or healing agents and derivatives thereof, skin treatment agents, thickeners, and vitamins and derivatives. Additional non-limiting examples of additional suitable skin treatment actives are included in the following patents: section I of u.s.2003/0082219 (i.e., hexamidine, zinc oxide, and niacinamide); section D of u.s.5,665,339 (i.e., cooling agents, skin conditioners, sunscreens and pigments, and pharmaceuticals); and US 2005/0019356 (i.e., desquamation actives, anti-acne actives, chelating agents, flavonoids, antimicrobial actives, and antifungal actives). Examples of suitable Emulsifiers and surfactants can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,560, U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,769, and McCutcheon's "Detergents and Emulsifiers" (North American edition), pp.317-. It should be noted, however, that many substances may provide more than one benefit, or may function via more than one mode of action. Thus, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit the active material to that particular application or applications listed. Other useful optional ingredients include: an anti-wrinkle active and/or an anti-atrophy active; antioxidants and/or free radical scavengers; an anti-inflammatory agent; anti-cellulite agents; a tanning active; a skin lightening agent; a sunscreen active; water-soluble vitamins; particles; and combinations thereof.

The composition may also include other ingredients typically included in commercially available post foaming shaving gels, such as those described in U.S. patent publication nos. 2006/0257349, 2006/0257350, and 2005/0175575.

The personal care compositions of the present invention may also comprise hydrophobically modified cationic polysaccharides modified with a hydrophobic substituent and a cationic substituent. The hydrophobically modified cationic polysaccharide is used at a level of from about 0.005% to about 3%, or from about 0.01% to about 2.0%, or from about 0.02% to about 1%, or from about 0.025% to about 0.5% by weight. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydrophobically modified cationic polysaccharides include cellulose, starch and guar derivatives, especially derivatized hydroxyethyl cellulose ethers (e.g., under the trade name SoftCAT^TMThose sold). Non-limiting examples of hydrophobically modified quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ethers include: those mentioned in US 20070031362 a1, available from Union Carbide and may be referred to by those skilled in the art as SoftCAT.

In another embodiment, the personal care composition of the present invention comprises a film forming system. The film forming system may be comprised of at least one film forming material. In certain embodiments, it is advantageous for more than one film-forming material to make up the film-forming system. Useful film-forming materials include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, albumin, cationic cellulose, xanthan gum, carageenan, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, sodium t-butyl silicone acrylate, sodium poly (styrene sulfonic acid/maleic anhydride), sodium co- (styrene sulfonic acid-acrylate), polyvinyl sulfonate, polyvinyl sulfate, polyphosphate, polymethacrylate, sodium dextran sulfate, co- (ethylene oxide-styrene sulfonic acid), methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, agar, dextran, AMPHOMER, CELQUAT, Glucamate-120, Glucamate LT, polyquaterniums (e.g., PQ 2, 7, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 27, and 46), Merquats, quaternized PVP, proteins and polypeptides (such as collagen, elastin, keratin and their quaternized derivatives, such as CROQUAT and QUAT-Coll), adipic acid/dimethylamino hydroxypropyl/diethylenetriamine copolymers, PVP/methacrylate, Aquaflex (polyimide-1), Gantrez (copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride), Styleze (copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone/acrylate/lauryl methacrylate), pectin, and mixtures thereof. Other film-forming polymers are disclosed in paragraphs 15 to 21 of US 2010/021409.

Exemplary shaving composition embodiments provided by the present invention include the following concentration levels of film-forming material and surfactant: from about 0.6% to about 1.2% by weight of a film-forming material and from about 20% to about 30% by weight of a surfactant; from about 0.6% to about 1.2% by weight of a film-forming material and from about 10% to about 20% by weight of a surfactant; from about 1.2% to about 2% by weight of a film-forming material and from about 20% to about 30% by weight of a surfactant; and about 0.6 wt% to about 2 wt% of a film-forming material and about 3 wt% to about 10 wt% of a surfactant.

9. Product form and use

The personal care compositions of the present invention can be used as hair removal formulations such as post foaming shave gels. The compositions of the present invention may be formulated as aerosol foams or post-foaming gels (which are preferred forms). It may be packaged in any suitable dispenser typically used for dispensing personal care compositions, such as shaving compositions. These include collapsible tubes, pump or squeeze containers and aerosol type dispensers, particularly those with a barrier separating the post-foaming gel composition from the propellant required for discharge. In one embodiment, the composition is contained within a single compartment, meaning that the hydrophobic agent is not physically separated from the other ingredients on the shelf. In one embodiment, all of the components of the composition may be present in a single chamber. Multiple chambers may also be present within the composition. The chambers can all contain the same composition or different compositions.

The latter type of dispenser includes: (1) mechanically pressurizing the sleeve liner system, wherein the thin walled liner containing the product is surrounded by an outer elastomeric sleeve that expands during product filling and provides a dispensing force to expel the product (e.g., an ATMOS system commercially available from Exxel Container co.); (2) (ii) (a) a container preform comprising a polymeric preform and an elastically deformable band surrounding at least a portion of the polymeric preform, such as described in U.S.2009/0263174 to Chan et al; (3) manually activating an air pump spray device, wherein a pump system is integrated into the container to allow the user to pressurize the container with air in order to expel the product (e.g., the "airshift" system available from airshift International); (4) a piston barrier system in which the product is separated from the drive means by a closely fitting piston which is sealed to the side wall of the container and which can be driven by a spring under tension, by vacuum on the product side of the piston, by finger pressure, by gas pressure against the piston, or by a variety of other means known in the packaging industry; and (5) a bag-in-can (SEPRO) type system in which the product is contained in a flexible bag within the can, the system having a suitable propellant injected into the space between the can and the flexible bag. It is preferred to protect the composition against oxidation and heavy metal contamination. This can be accomplished, for example, by purging the composition and container with nitrogen to remove oxygen and using inert containers such as plastic bottles or bags, aluminum cans, or polymer coated or lined cans.

The compositions of the present invention may be used in conjunction with (before, at the same time as, and/or after) a variety of hair removal applications, including but not limited to shaving (wet or dry shaving, by an electric razor, by a reusable or disposable electric or manual razor, and combinations thereof), epilation, electrolysis, waxes or depilatories, and energy delivery devices to help regulate hair growth. Non-limiting examples of energy delivery devices include: light, heat, sound waves (including ultrasonic and radio frequency), electrical energy, magnetic energy, electromagnetic energy (including radio frequency waves and microwaves), and combinations thereof. The optical energy may be delivered by devices including, but not limited to, lasers, diode laser bars, diode laser arrays, flash lamps, Intense Pulse Light (IPL) sources, and combinations thereof. See, for example, US2006/0235370A 1.

10. Lubricity test at shave

It has been found that the personal care compositions of the present invention provide a shave lubrication benefit as shown by the reduced friction as measured by the shave lubrication "ISL" test defined herein. Reducing friction during shaving is important because high friction skin surfaces cause skin bulging. When the skin bulges, the blade is more likely to engage the skin, increasing the likelihood of skin irritation. Thus, by reducing friction, the product helps protect the skin. In addition, lower friction results in reduced resistance on the skin, which can also be a potential source of irritation. The method enables measurement of the coefficient of friction (CoF) of the shave preparation.

Method for testing lubricity at shaving: a device designed to simulate lubricity during shaving is attached to an instrument capable of measuring frictional forces (e.g., an Instron-type instrument) and containing a load cell of about 1kg to about 100 kg. The flushing device comprises: 1) a pneumatic clamping device capable of opening and closing to deliver about 10psi to about 70psi pressure to simulate the pressure exerted by the hand on the hair during rinsing, 2) a keratinous tissue model as described herein secured on two opposing faces of the clamping device, and 3) one or more spray nozzles capable of delivering about 50mL/min to about 1000mL/min water flow to simulate a shower situation.

The procedure is as follows: connecting the flushing device to Stable MicroSystems TA XT Plus equipped with a 30kg load cell^TMOn the base of the Texture Analyzer (TA), the clamp perpendicular to the load cell is centered or aligned.Adjusting the water flow to about 200mL/min and the water temperature to 103F +/-2F. The pressure of the TA chuck was set to about 30 psi. The instrument measurement settings were set as follows: TA set, tension compression, test speed-10.0 mm/s for 130mm long stretch. The macrocommand is set for 10 trips. The first five strokes were run without water and then the water was manually turned on for 2 minutes 15 seconds for the second five strokes. During the test, only data (grams force) during the processed KTM pull-up, not during return, is collected. Polyurethane leather pads (see JP2006233367 for details) are used, which are covered on both the front and back faces of the piston.

A2 inch by 9 inch nonwoven KTM sheet was wetted under hot (-103F. +/-2F.) tap water for 30 seconds. 2g +/-0.1g of aerosol shave gel or 1g +/-0.1g of aerosol shave foam was placed on the nonwoven KTM and gently foamed and spread by hand for 30 seconds. Excess foam on the back of the nonwoven KTM was wiped off. The nonwoven KTM is loaded onto the TA and the test macro is turned on. At the end of the fifth stroke, the flush is opened. The test sequence begins by 1) commanding the instrument to raise the load cell connected to the KTM at a rate of about 10mm/sec, 2) opening the clamp, and 3) commanding the instrument to lower the load cell. This sequence is repeated until a predetermined number of sequences, for example 10, are implemented. Between each sample, the polyurethane skin pad was wiped with a nonwoven KTM sheet and alcohol wipe to remove any possible buildup from the previous test. By calculating the total friction in grams force (or other suitable unit of force) for dry and rinse rubs, the products can be ranked relative to each other to assess which product is expected to have the most comfortable feel.

As defined herein, "KTM" refers to "keratinous tissue simulant," which refers to one or more artificial substrates that may possess one or more physical properties typical of keratinous tissue. KTM for use in the present patent application is TENCEL available from Lenzing, inc. Additional details of other KTMs are disclosed in section I of united states serial number 61/239908, filed on 9/4/2009, issued to Battaglia et al.

11. Method of making an aerosol shave composition

One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of making an aerosol shave composition comprising the steps of: forming a premix of microdroplets comprising at least about 50% hydrophobic benefit agent and up to about 50% aqueous carrier; and mixing the premix of microdroplets with a second feed stream comprising: a water dispersible surface active agent, a volatile post-foaming agent, and an aqueous carrier. In one embodiment, the step of forming the premix of microdroplets comprises subjecting the premix ingredients to sufficiently high shear to obtain the microdroplets described herein. Examples of methods suitable for forming the microdroplet premix are described in U.S. patent publication nos. 2005/0031659, 2005/0031568, and 2005/0032916, each to Deckner, wherein the discontinuous oil phase is formed from the hydrophobic agent. In one embodiment, the step of forming the premix of microdroplets can be performed using a Speed Mixer DAC 800FVZ having an RPM setting of about 1950. The mixing can be carried out at room temperature, but high or low temperatures are also suitable.

The premix of droplets is then added to the other aerosol shave composition ingredients, followed by agitation and then addition of a propellant (i.e., a post-foaming agent), followed by placement of the mixture to thicken and precipitate the aerosol shave composition.

12. Examples of the embodiments

The following examples are formulated as described below. QS means an amount sufficient to reach 100%. All values are in weight percent.

One example of an aerosol shave composition according to the present invention comprises the following ingredients in specific amounts by weight:

35-90% of water

1-10% of a hydrophobing agent (i.e.polydimethylsiloxane)

Emulsifier (i.e. decyl glucoside) 0.1-5%

3-30% water dispersible surfactant (i.e. triethanolamine palmitate/stearate)

Volatile post-foaming agent (i.e. volatile hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen) 0-4%

Polymers (i.e. polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone) 0.04-0.25%

Thickener/stabilizer (i.e. hydroxyethyl cellulose, cationic flexible cellulose) 0.1-0.75

Other, organic cosolvents, etc. (i.e. emulsifiers, polar alcohols) 0.0% to 0.30%

One specific example can be prepared with the following formulation:

the personal care compositions according to the present invention provide better lubricity than similar compositions without the hydrophobic agent. Increased lubricity can be shown by a reduction in drag of about 5% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 40%, or about 30% compared to a sample without the hydrophobizing agent in droplet form.

Examples of hydrophobicizing agents in the form of microdroplets:

example A:

step 1: forming a premix

An 50/50 mixture of surfactants (e.g., Plantaren 1200N UP) is added to an organic solvent (e.g., glycerol) to form a carrier. The hydrophobicizer is then added to the support in small portions while stirring manually with a spatula or with a KitchenThe super high power stirrer stirs at any setting between 2 and 4 until a uniform consistency is observed and droplets form. In this example, the hydrophobic agent is dow corning xmimeter 300 centistokes (polydimethylsiloxane). The weight ratio of carrier to hydrophobizing agent is from 1:1 to 1:20, or 1: 9.

Step 2: the addition of the premix to the other components to form the personal care composition can be carried out by conventional means of preparing a shave preparation, i.e., using a standard bench or laboratory mixer such as a Cafarmo mixer, model BDC1850, for about 30 minutes at 350RPM or until a substantially homogenous mixture is obtained. Larger or smaller batches can utilize different RPM settings.

Example B: in this embodiment, commercially available, which is believed to already be in the form of droplets, can be utilized The obtained hydrophobic agent。

Step 1: a pre-prepared hydrophobic agent pre-mix (e.g., dow corning xmimeter MEM-1664 emulsion (50% polydimethylsiloxane)) is obtained in the form of microdroplets.

Step 2: the hydrophobic agent is added in small batches to a mixing chamber containing the other components of the personal care composition. The mixture was stirred at 350RPM for about 30 minutes at room temperature using a Cafarmo stirrer, model BDC1850, or until a substantially homogenous mixture was formed. Step 2 is repeated with each addition of a small batch of pre-prepared hydrophobizing agent premix (e.g. about 1/5 total hydrophobizing agent premix amount)^thTo about 1/30^thOr about 1/10^thTo about 1/20^th). The amount of hydrophobizing agent premix may be 2.75% by weight.

Example C: premix containing cooling additive

Step 1: mixing the water repellent agent with the additive

60.8 grams of a hydrophobic agent such as DC xmeter 30,000 centistokes (polydimethylsiloxane) was mixed with 0.1 grams of an additive such as menthol and/or fragrance. This mixing was carried out while manually stirring with a spatula until the menthol was completely dissolved.

Step 2: forming a premix

The mixture of step 1) is mixed with 9.1 g of a surfactant such as Plantaren 1200N UP. The hydrophobizing agent is added to the surfactant in small batches while manually stirring with a spatula until a substantially homogenous mixture is formed. Additional small batches were added and stirred until a substantially homogenous mixture was formed.

And step 3: the addition of the premix to the other components to form the personal care composition can be carried out by conventional means of preparing a shave preparation, i.e., using a standard bench or laboratory mixer such as a Cafarmo mixer, model BDC1850, for about 15 minutes at 350RPM or until a substantially homogenous mixture is obtained.

Example D: examples of "other Components" suitable for use in examples A-C。

Step 1: 15.8 grams of distilled water was mixed with 4.0 grams of PEG and 0.2 grams of blue dye FD & C1 by hand mixing until dissolved to form a blue dye.

Step 2: 1528.7 g of distilled water were added to 19.4 g of sorbitol (70% sorbitol solution) and stirred with a Cafarmo stirrer, model BDC1850 at 100 RPM.

And step 3: a combination of 9.72 grams of Natrosol 250HHR (hydroxyethyl cellulose), 3.30 grams of Polyox WSR-301 (PEG 90M), 0.97 grams of Polyox WSR N-12K (PEG 23M), and 2.91 grams of Microslip 519 was added slowly to the mixture of step 2 and heated to 80 deg.C and stirred for 30 minutes or until a substantially homogenous mixture was observed.

And 4, step 4: at 80 ℃, 150.6 grams of palmitic acid C16 (95%), 50.5 grams of stearic acid (Emersol 132), and 38.9 grams of Monomuls 90-018 (glyceryl oleate) were added and stirred for about 30 minutes or until a substantially homogenous mixture was observed.

The mixture can be added to the premix (e.g., for example C) at a weight ratio of 97.25:2.75 or 97.15: 2.85.

Example E: examples of "other Components" suitable for use in examples A-C。

Step 1: 11.76 g of 99% triethanolamine can be stirred at 350RPM using a Cafarmo stirrer with a stirrer impeller in a heated water bath at 80 deg.C, model BDC 1850. The RPM is adjusted so that no breathing occurs. Stirring can be carried out for 30 minutes or until a substantially homogenous mixture is observed.

Step 2: the heating water bath was replaced with cold water to cool the mixture to about 40 ℃.

And step 3: a colorant such as FD & C blue dye at a level of 16.5 grams of fragrance ingredient and 3.886 grams of 1% solution is added to the triethanolamine and stirred for a further 10 minutes or until a substantially homogenous mixture is observed.

The mixture can be added to the premix (e.g., for example C) at a weight ratio of 97.25:2.75 or 97.15: 2.85.

It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

All parts, ratios, and percentages herein, in the specification, examples, and claims, are by weight and all numerical ranges are using routine accuracy given in the art, unless otherwise specified.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Rather, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".

All documents cited in the detailed description of the invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this written document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.

The articles "a", "an" and "the" mean "one or more", unless indicated otherwise.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims (15)

1. An aerosol shave composition comprising:

from 2% to 25% of a water dispersible surfactant;

from 40% to 95% of an aqueous carrier;

c.1% to 6% of a volatile post-foaming agent; and

0.01% to 15% of a hydrophobic agent, wherein the hydrophobic agent forms at least one droplet having a particle size of 0.15 microns to 10 microns, preferably 0.5 microns to 5 microns.

2. The aerosol shave composition of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic agent forms a plurality of droplets having an average particle size of 0.5 to 3 microns.

3. The aerosol shave composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein said aerosol shave composition is a post-foaming gel.

4. The aerosol shave composition of any preceding claim, wherein said hydrophobic agent comprises at least one of silicone polymers, mineral oil, vitamin E, vitamin a, anhydrous polyols, and mixtures thereof.

5. The aerosol shave composition of claim 4 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein said silicone polymer comprises at least one of an organosiloxane, an amino-functional siloxane, and a combination thereof.

6. The aerosol shave composition of claim 5 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein said organosiloxane comprises at least one of dimethicone, trimethicone, dimethicone, silicone elastomer, and combinations thereof.

7. The aerosol shave composition of any preceding claim, further comprising from 0.005% to 3% of a hydrophobically modified cationic polysaccharide modified with a hydrophobic substituent and a cationic substituent.

8. The aerosol shave composition of any preceding claim, further comprising a lubricant comprising at least one of the following: lubricious water soluble polymers, water insoluble particles, hydrogel forming polymers, and mixtures thereof.

9. The aerosol shave composition of any preceding claim, wherein said lubricant comprises at least one of: from 0.01% to 1% of a lubricious water soluble polymer, from 0.01% to 5% of water insoluble particles, from 0.0005% to 3% of a hydrogel-forming polymer, and mixtures thereof, by weight of the post-foaming gel composition.

10. The aerosol shave composition of claim 9 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein said lubricious water soluble polymer comprises at least one of polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.

11. The aerosol shave composition of claim 10 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein said water insoluble particles comprise at least one of inorganic particles, organic polymeric particles, and mixtures thereof.

12. The aerosol shave composition of claim 10 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein said hydrogel-forming polymer comprises at least one of: polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid partially esterified with a polyol; a hydrophilic polyurethane; lightly crosslinked polyethylene oxide; lightly crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol; lightly crosslinked polyacrylamide; hydrophobically modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose; hydroxyethyl methacrylate; and cross-linked hyaluronic acid.

13. The aerosol shave composition of claim 12 or any claim dependent therefrom, wherein said hydrogel-forming polymer comprises polyacrylic acid partially esterified with glycerin.

14. The aerosol shave composition of any preceding claim, wherein said water dispersible surface active agent comprises an anionic surfactant, and optionally is free or substantially free of soap and optionally comprises a nonionic surfactant.

15. The aerosol shave composition of any preceding claim, wherein said composition forms a substantially homogenous mixture.