HK1173268B - Antenna system with receiver diversity and tunable matching circuit - Google Patents

Description

Antenna system with receiver diversity and adjustable matching circuit

Cross reference to related applications

This application claims priority from U.S. patent application No. 12/941,010, filed on 5.11.2010, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to wireless communication circuits, and more particularly to electronic devices having wireless communication circuits.

Background

Electronic devices such as portable computers and cellular telephones often have wireless communication capabilities. For example, the electronic device may use long range wireless communication circuitry, such as cellular telephone circuitry, to communicate using cellular telephone bands at 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz, and 2100 MHz. The electronic device may use the short-range wireless communication link to handle communications with nearby devices. For example, the electronic device may utilize 2.4GHz and 5GHz(IEEE 802.11) band and 2.4GHz blueThe bands communicate.

In order to meet consumer demand for small-sized wireless devices, manufacturers are constantly striving to implement wireless communication circuits, such as antenna components, with compact structures. At the same time, it may be desirable to include conductive structures such as metallic device housing components in the electronic device. Because conductive components can affect radio frequency performance, care must be taken when incorporating the antenna into an electronic device that includes conductive structures. Furthermore, care must be taken to ensure that the antenna and radio circuitry in the device operate satisfactorily even in areas of weak radio signal strength.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide improved wireless communication circuitry for wireless electronic devices.

Disclosure of Invention

An electronic device may be provided that includes wireless communication circuitry. The wireless communication circuitry may include radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and antenna structures. The electronic device may include a display mounted in the housing. The peripheral conductive member may extend around edges of the display and the housing.

The peripheral conductive member may be divided into a plurality of individual segments by forming gaps therein at a plurality of points along the length of the peripheral conductive member. The gap may be filled with a dielectric such as plastic and an open circuit may be formed between opposing portions of the conductive member. For one exemplary configuration, three gaps may be formed in the peripheral conductive member to divide the peripheral conductive member into respective three segments.

Conductive housing members across the width of the housing, such as conductive midplane members, may be connected to the peripheral conductive members at the left and right edges of the display. The conductive housing member and other conductive structures such as electrical components and printed circuits may form a ground plane. The ground plane and the peripheral conductive piece segments may surround the dielectric opening to form an antenna structure. For example, an upper cellular phone antenna may be formed at the upper end of the housing, while a lower cellular phone antenna may be formed at the lower end of the housing. In the upper cellular telephone antenna, the first dielectric opening may be surrounded by at least some of the first peripheral conductive member segment and a portion of the ground plane. In the lower cellular telephone antenna, the second dielectric opening may be surrounded by at least some of the second peripheral conductive element segment and a portion of the ground plane. The upper cellular telephone antenna may be a two-branch inverted-F antenna. The lower cellular telephone antenna may be a loop antenna.

The radio-frequency transceiver circuitry may be coupled to the upper and lower antennas with matching circuitry. A fixed matching circuit may be used to couple the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry to the lower antenna. A fixed matching circuit or an adjustable matching circuit may be used to couple the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry to the upper antenna.

During operation of the electronic device, the lower antenna may act as the primary cellular antenna of the device. The radio frequency antenna signals may be transmitted and received by the lower antenna in cellular telephone bands such as 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz and 2100MHz bands. The upper antenna may act as an auxiliary antenna that allows the electronic device to achieve receiver diversity. When the performance of the lower antenna degrades during operation, radio-frequency transceiver circuitry in the device may receive signals using the upper antenna instead of the lower antenna.

The upper antenna may support only a subset of the bands supported by the lower antenna. For example, the upper antenna may support only two receive sub-bands. The coverage (coverage) of the upper antenna can be extended by tuning the matching circuit for the upper antenna in real time, if desired. This arrangement may allow the upper antenna to cover the first and second receive bands during the first mode of operation and the third and fourth receive bands during the second mode of operation.

Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary electronic device having wireless communication circuitry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an illustrative electronic device having wireless communication circuitry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional end view of an exemplary electronic device having wireless communication circuitry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary wireless circuit including multiple antennas, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative tunable matching circuit of the type that may be used with the wireless circuit of fig. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an electronic device of the type shown in FIG. 1 showing how an antenna may be formed in the device, according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing how an antenna of the type shown in fig. 6 may be used to cover a communication band of interest by tuning a matched filter of the type shown in fig. 5, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of an antenna of the type shown in the upper portion of the device of fig. 6, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing how an antenna of the type shown in fig. 8 may exhibit high-band and low-band resonance peaks, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a diagram highlighting a high band portion of the antenna diagram of fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing how the high-band antenna structure of fig. 10 can resonate in the Global Positioning System (GPS) band at communication frequencies associated with the high-band and by including a matching circuit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a diagram highlighting a low band portion of the antenna diagram of fig. 8.

Fig. 13 is a graph showing how the low-band antenna structure of fig. 12 may resonate at a communication frequency associated with a low band, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a diagram showing how the high-band portion and the low-band portion of the antenna of fig. 8 may be used to cover multiple communication bands of interest with a tunable matching circuit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The electronic device may be provided with wireless communication circuitry. The wireless communication circuitry may be configured to support wireless communications in a plurality of wireless communication bands. The wireless communication circuitry may include one or more antennas.

The antennas may include loop antennas, inverted-F antennas, strip antennas, planar inverted-F antennas, slot antennas, hybrid antennas including more than one type of antenna structure, or other suitable antennas. If desired, the conductive structure for the antenna may be formed from conductive electronic device structures. The conductive electronic device structure may include a conductive housing structure. The housing structure may include a peripheral conductive member extending around the periphery of the electronic device. The peripheral conductive member may serve as a bezel (bezel) for a planar structure such as a display, may serve as a sidewall structure for a device housing, or may form other housing structures. A gap in the peripheral conductive member may be associated with the antenna.

An illustrative electronic device of the type that may be provided with one or more antennas is shown in fig. 1. The electronic device 10 may be a portable electronic device or other suitable electronic device. For example, the electronic device 10 may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smaller device (e.g., a wrist watch device, pendant device, headphone device, earphone device, or other wearable or miniature device), a cellular telephone, a media player, and so forth.

Device 10 may include a housing, such as housing 12. The housing 12, which may sometimes be referred to as a shell, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramic, fiber composite, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials. In some cases, portions of housing 12 may be formed from a dielectric or other low conductivity material. In other cases, the housing 12, or at least some of the structures making up the housing 12, may be formed from metallic elements.

If desired, the device 10 may have a display, such as display 14. For example, the display 14 may be a touch screen that incorporates capacitive touch electrodes. Display 14 may include image pixels formed from Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (oleds), plasma cells, electronic ink elements, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) components, or other suitable image pixel structures. The cover glass layer may cover a surface of display 14. A button, such as button 19, may pass through an opening in the cover glass.

The housing 12 may include structure such as a periphery 16. The periphery 16 may extend around the rectangular periphery of the device 10 and display 14. The peripheral 16 or portions of the peripheral 16 may act as a bezel for the display 14 (e.g., a decorative bezel that surrounds all four sides of the display 14 and/or helps hold the display 14 to the device 10). The peripheral member 16 may also constitute a sidewall structure of the apparatus 10, if desired.

The peripheral component 16 may be formed of an electrically conductive material and thus may sometimes be referred to as a peripheral conductive member or conductive housing structure. The periphery 16 may be formed from a metal such as stainless steel, aluminum, or other suitable material. One, two, or more than two separate structures may be used to form the periphery 16. In a typical configuration, the periphery 16 may have a thickness (dimension TT) of about 0.1mm to 3mm (as an example). By way of example, the sidewall portions of the peripheral member 16 may be substantially vertical (parallel to the vertical axis V). Parallel to the axis V, the peripheral member 16 may have a dimension TZ of about 1mm to 2cm (as an example). The aspect ratio R (i.e., the ratio R of TZ to TT) of the peripheral member 16 is generally greater than 1 (i.e., R can be greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 4, greater than or equal to 10, etc.).

The peripheral member 16 need not have a uniform cross-section. For example, if desired, a top portion of the periphery 16 may have an inwardly projecting lip (lip) to help hold the display 14 in place. The bottom portion of the periphery 16 may also have an enlarged lip (e.g., in the plane of the back of the device 10), if desired. In the example of fig. 1, the peripheral member 16 has substantially straight vertical sidewalls. This is merely illustrative. The side walls of the peripheral member 16 may be curved or may have any other suitable shape. In some configurations (e.g., when the peripheral 16 serves as a bezel for the display 14), the peripheral 16 may extend around a lip of the housing 12 (i.e., the peripheral 16 may cover only the edge of the housing 12 surrounding the display 14, and not the back edge of the housing 12 of the side wall of the housing 12).

The display 14 may include conductive structures such as an array of capacitive electrodes, conductive lines for addressing pixel elements, driver circuitry, and the like. Housing 12 also includes internal structures such as metal frame members, planar housing members (sometimes referred to as midplanes) spanning the walls of housing 12 (i.e., generally rectangular elements soldered or otherwise connected between opposite sides of periphery member 16), printed circuit boards, and other internal conductive structures. These conductive structures may be located in the center CN of the housing 12 (as an example).

In regions 22 and 20, openings may be formed between the conductive housing structures and the conductive electrical components that make up device 10. These openings may be filled with air, plastic, or other dielectric. Conductive housing structures and other conductive structures in the region CN of the device 10 may serve as ground planes for antennas in the device 10. The openings in regions 20 and 22 may serve as slots in open or closed slot antennas, may serve as a central dielectric region surrounded by a conductive material path in a loop antenna, may serve as a space separating an antenna resonating element, such as a strip antenna resonating element or an inverted-F antenna resonating element, from a ground plane, or may also serve as part of an antenna structure formed in regions 20 and 22.

Portions of the periphery 16 may be provided with a gap structure. For example, the periphery 16 may be provided with one or more gaps, such as gaps 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D, as shown in fig. 1. The gap may be filled with a dielectric such as a polymer, ceramic, glass, or the like. The gaps 18A, 18B, 18C and 18D may divide the peripheral component 16 into one or more peripheral conductive component segments. This may be, for example, two segments of the periphery 16 (e.g., in an arrangement with two gaps), three segments of the periphery 16 (e.g., in an arrangement with three gaps), four segments of the periphery 16 (e.g., in an arrangement with four gaps), and so on. Segments of peripheral conductive member 16 formed in this manner may form part of an antenna in device 10.

In a typical scenario, device 10 may have an upper antenna and a lower antenna (as an example). The upper antenna may be formed, for example, at the upper end of the device 10 in the region 22. The lower antenna may be formed, for example, at the lower end of device 10 in region 20. The antennas may be used independently to cover independent communication bands of interest, or may be used together to implement an antenna diversity strategy or a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna strategy.

The antennas in device 10 may be used to support any communications band of interest. For example, device 10 may include a wireless communication interface for supporting local area network communications, voice and data cellular telephone communications, Global Positioning System (GPS) communications, or other satellite navigation system communications, Bluetooth, or the likeAntenna structures for communications, etc.

A schematic view of the electronic device 10 is shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the electronic device 10 may include storage and processing circuitry 28. The storage and processing circuitry 28 may include storage such as hard disk drive storage, non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory or other electrically programmable read only memory configured to form a solid state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random access memory), and so forth. Processing circuitry in storage and processing circuitry 28 may be used to control the operation of device 10. Such processing circuitry may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio codec chips, application specific integrated circuits, and so forth.

The storage and processing circuitry 28 may be used to run software on the device 10 such as an internet browsing application, a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) telephone call application, an email application, a media playback application, operating system functions, and so forth. To support interaction with external devices, the storage and processing circuitry 28 may be used to implement a communications protocol. Communication protocols that may be implemented using storage and processing circuitry 28 include Internet protocols, wireless local area network protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11 protocols-sometimes referred to as IEEE 802.11 protocols) Protocols for other short-range wireless communication links, e.g. blueProtocols, cellular telephone protocols, etc.

Circuitry 28 may be configured to implement a control algorithm that controls the use of the antenna in device 10. For example, to support antenna diversity and MIMO strategies or other multi-antenna strategies, circuitry 28 may perform signal quality monitoring operations, sensor monitoring operations, and other data collection operations, and may control which antenna structures in device 10 are used to receive and process data in response to the collected data. By way of example, circuitry 28 may control which of two or more antennas is used to receive incoming radio frequency signals, may control which of two or more antennas is used to transmit radio frequency signals, may control the processing of incoming data streams routed in parallel over two or more antennas in device 10, and so forth. In performing these control operations, circuitry 28 may open and close switches, may turn on and off receivers and transmitters, may adjust impedance matching circuits, may configure switches in front-end module (FEM) radio frequency circuitry (e.g., filtering and switching circuitry for impedance matching and signal routing) interposed between the radio frequency transceiver circuitry and the antenna structure, and may additionally control and adjust components of device 10.

Input-output circuitry 30 may be used to allow data to be provided to device 10 and to allow data to be provided from device 10 to external devices. The input-output circuitry 30 may include an input-output device 32. Input-output devices 32 may include touch screens, buttons, joysticks, click wheels, scroll wheels, touch pads, keypads, keyboards, microphones, speakers, tone generators, vibrators, cameras, sensors, light emitting diodes and other status indicators, data ports, and the like. A user may control the operation of device 10 by providing commands via input-output device 32 and may receive status information and other output from device 10 using the output resources of input-output device 32.

Wireless communications circuitry 34 may include Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry comprised of one or more integrated circuits, power amplifier circuitry, low noise input amplifiers, passive RF components, one or more antennas, and other circuitry for processing RF wireless signals. Wireless signals may also be transmitted using light (e.g., using infrared communication).

The wireless communication circuitry 34 may include satellite navigation system receiver circuitry, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver circuitry 35 (e.g., for receiving satellite positioning signals at 1575 MHz). Transceiver circuitry 36 may process for2.4GHz and 5GHz bands for (IEEE 802.11) communications, and can handle 2.4GHz blueA communications band. The circuitry 34 may use the cellular telephone transceiver circuitry 38 to handle wireless communications in cellular telephone bands such as 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz, and 2100MHz bands, or other cellular telephone bands of interest. The wireless communication circuitry 34 may include circuitry for other short-range and long-range wireless links, if desired. For example, the wireless communication circuitry 34 may include a global positioning system(GPS) receiver devices, radio circuitry for receiving radio and television signals, paging circuitry, and the like. In thatAnd blueIn links and other short-range wireless links, wireless signals are typically used to transmit data over tens or hundreds of feet. In cellular telephone links and other long range links, wireless signals are typically used to transmit data over a range of thousands of feet or miles.

The wireless communication circuit 34 may include an antenna 40. Antenna 40 may be formed using any suitable antenna type. For example, antenna 40 may include an antenna having a resonating element that is formed from a loop antenna structure, a patch antenna structure, an inverted-F antenna structure, a closed and open slot antenna structure, a planar inverted-F antenna structure, a helical antenna structure, a strip antenna, a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna, a hybrid of these designs, and the like. Different types of antennas may be used for different bands and combinations of bands. For example, one type of antenna may be used to form a local wireless link antenna, while another type of antenna may be used to form a remote wireless link.

A cross-sectional side view of the apparatus 10 of fig. 1, taken along line 24-24 of fig. 1 and viewed along direction 26, is shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the display 14 may be mounted to a front surface of the device 10. The housing 12 may include side walls formed by the periphery 16 and one or more rear walls formed by structures such as a planar rear housing structure 42. The structure 42 may be constructed of a dielectric such as glass, ceramic, or plastic, and/or a metal or other suitable material (e.g., fiber composite). Snaps, clips, screws, adhesives, and other structures may be used to assemble the portions of the housing 12 together.

The device 10 may include a printed circuit board, such as printed circuit board 46. The printed circuit board 46, and other printed circuit boards in the device 10, may be formed from a rigid printed circuit board material (e.g., glass-filled epoxy) or a flexible sheet of material such as a polymer. A flexible printed circuit board ("flex circuit") may be formed, for example, from a flexible sheet of polyimide.

The printed circuit board 46 may include an interconnect structure (interconnect), such as interconnect structure 48. The interconnect structure 48 may be formed from conductive traces (e.g., gold plated copper or other metal traces). Connectors, such as connector 50, may be connected to interconnect structure 48 using solder or conductive adhesive (as examples). Integrated circuits, discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and other electronic components may be mounted to the printed circuit board 46.

An antenna in device 10 (e.g., exemplary antenna 40 of fig. 3) may have an antenna feed terminal. For example, each antenna in device 10 may have a positive antenna feed terminal, such as positive antenna feed terminal 58, and a ground antenna feed terminal, such as ground antenna feed terminal 54. As shown in the illustrative arrangement of fig. 3, a transmit line path, such as a coaxial cable 52, may be coupled between an antenna feed formed by terminals 58 and 54 and transceiver circuitry in component 44 via connector 50 and interconnect structure 48. The components 44 may include one or more integrated circuits for implementing the wireless circuitry 34 (e.g., the receiver 35 and the transceiver circuitry 36 and 38) of fig. 2.

A connector such as connector 50 may be used to couple transmission lines in device 10 to a printed circuit board such as board 46. The connector 50 may be a coaxial cable connector that is connected to the printed circuit board 46, for example, using solder (as an example). The cable 52 may be a coaxial cable or other transmission line. Examples of transmission lines that may be used in the device 10 include coaxial cables, microstrip and stripline transmission lines formed from flexible circuits or rigid printed circuit boards, transmission lines constructed from a multiple transmission line structure such as these, and the like.

When coupled to the feed of antenna 40, transmit line 52 may be used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals with antenna 40. As shown in fig. 3, the terminal 58 may be coupled to the coaxial cable center connector 56. The terminal 54 may be connected to a ground conductor (e.g., a conductive outer braid conductor) in the cable 52. Other arrangements may also be used to couple the transceiver in device 10 to antenna 40, if desired. For example, an impedance matching circuit may be used to couple the transceiver circuit to the antenna structure. The arrangement of fig. 3 is merely illustrative.

In the illustrative example of fig. 3, device 10 includes an antenna 40. To enhance signal quality and cover multiple bands of interest, the device 10 may contain multiple antennas. For one suitable arrangement, such an arrangement is sometimes described herein as an example,the antennas may be located in area 22, a first (e.g., primary) cellular telephone antenna may be located in area 20, and a second (e.g., secondary) cellular telephone antenna may be located in area 22. If desired, the second cellular telephone antenna may be configured to receive GPS signals. An illustrative radio circuit 34 including this type of antenna arrangement is shown in fig. 4.

As shown in fig. 4, the radio circuit 34 may have input and output ports, such as ports 100 and 130, for interfacing with digital data circuits in the processing circuit 28 and storage. The radio circuit 34 may include one or more integrated circuits used to implement transceiver circuits such as the baseband processor 102 and the cellular telephone transceiver circuit 38. Port 100 may receive digital data from storage and processing circuitry 28 for transmission over antenna 40L. Incoming data that has been received by antennas 40U and 40L, cellular transceiver circuitry 38, and baseband processor 102 may be provided to storage and processing circuitry 28 via port 100. Port 130 may be used to process wireless local area network signals transmitted and received (e.g., for exampleSignal (as an example)) associated digital data. The outgoing digital data provided by storage and processing circuitry 28 to port 130 may utilize noneLine local area network transceiver circuitry 36, a path such as path 128, and one or more antennas such as antenna 40 WF. During data reception operations, signals received by antenna 40WF may be provided to transceiver 36 via path 128. Transceiver 36 may convert the incoming signals into digital data. The digital data may be provided to the storage and processing circuitry 28 via port 130. If desired, such as blueLocal signals of the signal may also be transmitted and received via an antenna, such as antenna 40 WF.

The transceiver circuitry 38 may include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers. In the example of fig. 4, the transceiver circuitry 38 includes a radio frequency transmitter 104 and a radio frequency receiver 110. Transmitter 104 and receiver 110 (i.e., receiver RX1 and receiver RX2) may be used to process cellular telephone communications. The signal received by transmitter 104 on path 118 may be provided by transmitter 104 to power amplifier 106. Power amplifier 106 may boost these outgoing signals for transmission on antenna 40L. An incoming signal received by antenna 40L may be amplified by low noise amplifier 112 and provided to receiver RX 1. Receiver RX1 may provide data received from antenna 40U to processor 102 via path 118. Incoming signals received by antenna 40U may be amplified by low noise amplifier 124 and provided to receiver RX2 (or RX1 with a switch). Receiver RX2 may provide data received from antenna 40L to processor 102 via path 118. Circuits such as transmitter 104 and receiver 110 may each have multiple ports (e.g., for processing respective different communication bands) and may be implemented using one or more separate integrated circuits.

Antennas 40U and 40L may be coupled to transceiver circuitry 38 using circuits such as impedance matching circuits, filters, and switches. Such circuitry, sometimes referred to as front-end module (FEM) circuitry, may be controlled by storage and processing circuitry in device 10 (e.g., to control signals from a processor such as baseband processor 102). As shown in the example of fig. 4, the front-end circuitry in the wireless circuitry 34 may include impedance matching circuitry 108, such as matching circuitry M1 and matching circuitry M2. The impedance matching circuit 108 may be formed using conductive structures having associated capacitance, resistance, and inductance values and/or discrete components such as inductors, capacitors, and resistors that form a circuit that matches the impedance of the transceiver circuit 38 and the antennas 40U and 40L. The matching circuit M1 may be coupled between the wireless transceiver circuit 38 (including the associated amplifier circuits 106 and 112) and the antenna 40L. Matching circuit M2 may be coupled between transceiver circuitry 38 (and associated amplifier 124) and antenna 40U using paths such as paths 132 and 122.

The matching circuits M1 and M2 may be fixed or adjustable. For example, the matching circuit M1 may be fixed, while the matching circuit M2 may be adjustable. In this type of configuration, control circuitry, such as baseband processor 102, may issue a control signal, such as signal SELECT, on path 116 of radio circuitry 34. The signal SELECT may be distributed to the matching circuit M2. When SELECT has a first value, the matching circuit M2 may be placed in a first configuration. When SELECT has a second value, matching circuit M2 may be placed in a second configuration. The state of matching circuit M2 may be used to tune antenna 40U so that different communication bands are covered by antenna 40U. By using this type of antenna tuning strategy, antenna 40U may be able to cover a wider range of communication frequencies than is possible. The use of tuning for antenna 40U may allow for a relatively narrow bandwidth (and potentially compact) design for antenna 40U, if desired.

Control signals may be provided on path 119 to receiver circuitry 110 so that radio circuitry 34 may selectively activate one or both of receivers RX1 and RX2, or may otherwise select which antenna signals are received in real-time (e.g., by routing signals from a selected one of the antennas to a multiplexer in control circuitry 34 that shares the receiver between the antennas). For example, baseband processor 102 or other storage and processing circuitry in device 10 may monitor the signal quality (bit error rate, signal-to-noise ratio, frame error rate, signal power, etc.) of the signals received by antennas 40U and 40L. Based on real-time signal quality information or other data (e.g., sensor data indicating that a particular antenna is blocked), the signal on path 119 or other suitable control signal may be adjusted so that the best receiver circuit (e.g., receiver RX1 or RX2) is used to receive the incoming signal. An antenna diversity strategy such as this in which circuitry 34 selects the best antenna and receiver to use in real-time based on signal quality measurements or other information while the transmitted signal is transmitted by the fixed antenna and transmitter (i.e., antenna 40L and transmitter 104) may sometimes be referred to as a receiver diversity strategy.

In a receiver diversity configuration (i.e., in a device without transmitter diversity), the radio frequency transmitter circuitry in the device is configured to receive signals through two or more different antennas so that the best antenna can be selected in real time to enhance signal reception, while the radio frequency transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit signals through only a single antenna and no other antennas. The radio circuit 34 may be configured to implement both receiver diversity and transmitter diversity, if desired, and/or may be configured to process multiple simultaneous data streams (e.g., with a MIMO arrangement). Implementing the receiver diversity strategy using the radio circuit 34 while processing the transmitted signal using a dedicated antenna is merely illustrative.

As shown in fig. 4, the wireless circuit 34 may be provided with a filter circuit such as the filter circuit 126. Circuitry 126 may route signals in frequency such that cellular telephone signals are transmitted between antenna 40U and receiver RX2, while GPS signals received by antenna 40U are routed to GPS receiver 35.

An illustrative tunable circuit that may be used to implement the matching circuit M2 of fig. 4 is shown in fig. 5. As shown in fig. 5, the matching circuit M2 may have switches such as switches 134 and 136. Switches 134 and 136 may have multiple positions (shown by illustrative positions a and B in fig. 5). When the signal SELECT has a first value, the switches 134 and 136 may be put to their a position, and the matching circuit MA may be switched to the active state. When signal SELECT has a second value, switches 134 and 136 may be placed into their B positions (as shown in fig. 5) such that matching circuit MB is connected between paths 132 and 122.

Fig. 6 is a top view of the interior of device 10 showing how antennas 40L, 40U and 40WF may be implemented in housing 12. As shown in fig. 6, a ground plane G may be formed in the housing 12. Ground plane G may constitute an antenna ground for antennas 40L, 40U, and 40 WF. Because ground plane G may act as an antenna ground, ground plane G may sometimes be referred to as an antenna ground, or ground plane element (as examples).

In the central portion C of the device 10, the ground plane G may be formed by a conductive structure, such as a conductive housing center plate connected between the left and right edges of the peripheral member 16, a printed circuit board having conductive ground traces, or the like. At the ends 22 and 20 of the device 10, the shape of the ground plane G may be determined by the shape and location of the conductive structures tied to ground. Examples of conductive structures that may overlap to form ground plane G include housing structures (e.g., conductive housing midplane structures, which may have protruding portions), conductive components (e.g., switches, cameras, data connectors, printed circuits such as flexible circuits and rigid printed circuit boards, radio frequency shielding cases, buttons such as button 144, and conductive button mounting structures 146), and other conductive structures in device 10. In the illustrative layout of fig. 6, the portion of device 10 that is conductive and tied to ground so as to form part of ground plane G is shaded and adjacent to central portion C.

Openings such as openings 138 and 146 may be formed between ground plane G and corresponding portions of peripheral conductive member 16. Openings 138 and 146 may be filled with air, plastic, and other dielectrics. Openings 138 and 146 may be associated with antenna structure 40.

The lower antenna 40L may be formed from a loop antenna structure having a shape determined at least in part by the shape of the conductive housing member 16 and the lower portion of the ground plane G. In the example of fig. 6, the opening 138 is drawn as a rectangle, but this is merely illustrative. In practice, the shape of opening 138 may be dictated by the placement of conductive structures in region 20, such as microphones, flex circuit traces, data port connectors, buttons, speakers, and the like.

Lower antenna 40L may be fed with an antenna feed consisting of positive antenna feed terminal 58-1 and ground antenna feed terminal 54-1. The transmit line 52-1 (see, e.g., path 122 of fig. 4) may be coupled to an antenna feed for the lower antenna 40L. Gap 18B may form a capacitance that helps configure the frequency response of antenna 40L. If desired, device 10 may have a conductive housing portion, matching circuit elements, and other structures and components that help match the impedance of transmit line 52-1 to antenna 40L (see, e.g., exemplary matching circuit M1 of fig. 4).

The antenna 40WF may have an antenna resonance element formed of a conductor strip (e.g., strip 142). The strips 142 may be formed from traces on a flexible circuit, from traces on a rigid printed circuit board, from metal foil strips, or from other conductive structures. Antenna 40WF may be fed by transmit line 52-2 (see, e.g., path 128 of fig. 4) using antenna feed terminals 58-2 and 54-2.

Antenna 40U may be a two-branch inverted-F antenna. Transmit line 52-3 (see, e.g., path 120 of fig. 4) may be used to feed antenna 40U at antenna feed terminals 58-3 and 54-3. The conductive structure 150 may be a bridging dielectric opening 140 and may be used to electrically short the ground plane G to the peripheral housing member 16. Conductive structure 148 and matching circuit M2 may be used to connect antenna feed terminal 58-3 to peripheral conductive member 16 at point 152. Conductive structures such as structures 148 and 150 may be comprised of flex circuit traces, conductive housing structures, springs, screws, or other conductive structures.

There may be gaps such as gaps 18B, 18C, and 18D in peripheral conductive member 16. (gap 18A in fig. 1 may not be present, or may be implemented with a phantom gap structure that decoratively looks like a gap from the exterior of device 10, but is electrically shorted inside housing 12, such that no gap is electrically present at the location of gap 18A.) the presence of gaps 18B, 18C, and 18D may divide peripheral conductive member 16 into multiple segments. As shown in fig. 6, peripheral conductive member 16 may include a first segment 16-1, a second segment 16-2, and a third segment 16-3.

Segment 16-1 may constitute an antenna resonating element arm of antenna 40U. In particular, a first portion (segment) of segment 16-1 (which has an arm length LBA) may extend from point 152 (where segment 16-1 is fed) to an end of segment 16-1 defined by gap 18C, while a second portion (segment) of segment 16-1 (which has an arm length HBA) may extend from point 152 to an opposite end of segment 16-1 defined by gap 18D. The first and second portions of segment 16-1 may form respective branches of an inverted-F antenna and may be associated with respective low-band (LB) and high-band (HB) antenna resonances of antenna 40U.

The antenna 40L may cover transmission and reception sub-bands in five communication bands (e.g., 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz, and 2100MHz), as shown in the table of fig. 7. Antenna 40U may be configured to cover a subset of the five exemplary communication bands. For example, antenna 40U may be configured to cover two receive bands of interest and, by tuning, four receive bands of interest.

In an arrangement in which the matching circuit M2 is fixed, for example, the antenna 40U may be configured to cover receive bands 850RX (850MHz receive band) and 1900RX (1900MHz receive band), may be configured to cover receive bands 900RX (900MHz receive band) and 2100RX (2100MHz receive band), or may be configured to cover any other suitable pair or set of these bands.

In an arrangement in which the matching circuit M2 is adjustable, the antenna 40U may be tuned so as to cover all four of these receive bands. In particular, M2 may be placed in state MA to configure antenna 40U to cover 850RX and 1900RX communication bands, and in state MB to configure antenna 40U to cover 900RX and 2100RX communication bands.

Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of the antenna 40U. As shown in fig. 8, the gaps 18C and 18D may be associated with respective capacitances C2 and C1. The ground plane G may constitute an antenna ground. Short-circuit branch 150 may constitute a branch line (stub) connecting peripheral conductor segment 16-1 to ground G to facilitate impedance matching between the antenna feed (formed by feed terminals 58-3 and 54-3) and antenna 40U.

The graph of fig. 9 characterizes the performance of antenna 40U by plotting the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) value as a function of the operating frequency f of the antenna. As shown in fig. 9, there may be two resonances associated with the antenna 40U of fig. 8-a low band LB and a high band HB. The values of the frequency ranges covered by the bands LB and HB depend on the configuration of the antenna 40U. For one suitable arrangement, band LB corresponds to a band such as the 850RX band or the 900RX band (as examples), while band HB corresponds to a band such as the 1900RX band or the 2100RX band (as examples).

Fig. 10 shows a portion of the antenna 40U that contributes to the antenna coverage in the band HB (where the inactive portion of the antenna is drawn with a dotted line). Fig. 11 includes an exemplary SWR diagram for the portion of antenna 40U shown in fig. 10. The solid line in fig. 11 corresponds to the performance of the circuit of fig. 10 in the absence of the matching circuit M2. The dashed lines in fig. 11 show how the GPS resonance (e.g., at 1575MHz) can be correlated with the response of antenna 40U when matching circuit M2 is present. The frequency range of band HB may coincide with band 1900RX or band 2100RX as described with respect to fig. 7.

Fig. 12 shows the portion of the antenna 40U that contributes to the antenna coverage in the band LB (where the inactive portion of the antenna is drawn with a dashed line). Fig. 13 includes an exemplary SWR diagram for the portion of antenna 40U shown in fig. 12. The frequency range of band LB may coincide with band 850RX or band 900RX as described with respect to fig. 7.

Fig. 14 includes an exemplary SWR diagram for antenna 40U of fig. 8 (e.g., antenna 40U of fig. 6). The solid line in fig. 14 corresponds to the response of antenna 40U when matching circuit M2 is in its "MA" configuration. In the MA configuration, antenna 40U may cover the GPS bands of receive bands 850RX and 1900RX and 1575 MHz. When signal SELECT is adjusted to place matching circuit M2 in its "MB" configuration, antenna 40U may be characterized by the dashed line of fig. 14. In the MB configuration, antenna 40U may cover both receive bands 900RX and 1900RX while still covering the GPS band of 1575MHz (i.e., because the frequency response of antenna 40U is substantially free of offset around 1575MHz as a function of the state of matching circuit M2).

According to an embodiment, there is provided an electronic device including: a housing having a conductive structure forming an antenna ground and having a peripheral conductive member extending around at least some edges of the housing; and an inverted-F antenna formed by the antenna ground and the segments of the peripheral conductive member.

According to another embodiment, the peripheral conductive member includes at least first and second gaps at opposite ends of the segment.

According to another embodiment, the electronic device further comprises an adjustable matching circuit coupled to the inverted-F antenna.

According to another embodiment, the conductive structure forming the antenna ground comprises a planar housing member connected between portions of the peripheral conductive member on opposite edges of the housing.

According to another embodiment, the inverted-F antenna has first and second branches associated with respective first and second communications band antenna resonances, the first branch being formed from a first portion of the segment and the second branch being formed from a second portion of the segment.

According to another embodiment, the gap is filled with a polymer.

According to another embodiment, the segments of the peripheral conductive member and the ground surround a dielectric opening, and the electronic device further comprises a conductive structure bridging the opening and shorting the peripheral conductive member to the ground.

According to another embodiment, the electronic device further comprises an additional antenna, wherein the additional antenna is configured to cover a plurality of cellular telephone bands, and wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to operate in a subset of the plurality of cellular telephone bands.

According to another embodiment, the electronic device further comprises a satellite navigation system receiver coupled to the additional antenna.

According to another embodiment, the additional antenna is configured to cover five cellular telephone bands and the inverted-F antenna is configured to cover less than five cellular telephone bands.

According to another embodiment, the electronic device further includes a wireless cellular telephone transceiver circuit, and an adjustable impedance matching circuit coupled between the inverted-F antenna and the wireless cellular telephone transceiver circuit.

According to another embodiment, the tunable impedance matching circuit may be operable in at least a first state and a second state, the inverted-F antenna resonating in a first set of five cellular telephone communications bands when the tunable impedance matching circuit is in the first state, and the inverted-F antenna resonating in a second set of five cellular telephone communications bands when the tunable impedance matching circuit is in the second state, and the first set of cellular telephone communications bands and the second set of cellular telephone communications bands being different.

In accordance with another embodiment, the electronic device further comprises a satellite navigation system receiver coupled to the additional antenna, wherein the satellite navigation system receiver receives satellite navigation system signals from the inverted-F antenna when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the first state and when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the second state.

According to another embodiment, when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the first state, the inverted-F antenna is configured to operate in a 850MHz receive band, a 1575MHz global positioning system band, and a 1900MHz receive band, and when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the second state, the inverted-F antenna is configured to operate in a 900MHz receive band, a 1575MHz global positioning system band, and a 2100MHz receive band.

According to another embodiment, the segments of the peripheral conductive member and the conductive structure forming the antenna ground are separated by a dielectric opening, and the electronic device further comprises a wireless local area network antenna mounted in the opening.

According to an embodiment, there is provided an electronic device including: a housing having opposing first and second ends; a display mounted in the housing, wherein the display has four edges; a peripheral conductive member extending along four edges of the display; an antenna ground at least partially formed by the conductive portion of the housing; a first antenna formed at least by a first segment of the peripheral conductive member and an antenna ground; a second antenna formed at least by a second segment of the peripheral conductive member and an antenna ground; and radio-frequency transceiver circuitry that receives radio-frequency antenna signals in a plurality of cellular telephone communication bands via a first antenna and radio-frequency antenna signals in a subset of the cellular telephone communication bands via a second antenna.

According to another embodiment, the first antenna is configured to receive radio frequency antenna signals in at least five cellular telephone receive bands and is configured to transmit radio frequency antenna signals in at least five cellular telephone transmit bands.

According to another embodiment, the second antenna is configured to receive radio frequency antenna signals in no more than four of the five cellular telephone receive bands.

In accordance with another embodiment, the electronic device further includes a tunable matching circuit coupled between the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and the second antenna, wherein the tunable matching circuit is operable in a first mode in which radio-frequency antenna signals are received by the second antenna in only first and second ones of the five cellular telephone receive bands and a second mode in which radio-frequency antenna signals are received by the second antenna in only third and fourth ones of the five cellular telephone receive bands, and wherein the first and second cellular telephone receive bands are different from the third and fourth cellular telephone receive bands.

According to another embodiment, the first antenna comprises a loop antenna, the conductive portion and the first segment of the housing surround the first dielectric opening and constitute the loop antenna, the second antenna comprises an inverted-F antenna, and the conductive portion and the second segment of the housing surround the second dielectric opening and constitute the inverted-F antenna.

According to another embodiment, the first end of the electronic device comprises a lower end of the electronic device, the second end of the electronic device comprises an upper end of the electronic device, and the peripheral conductive member comprises at least three gaps defining at least three separate segments of the peripheral conductive member, wherein the at least three separate segments of the peripheral conductive member comprise the first segment and the second segment.

According to another embodiment, the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry is configured to receive signals through the first antenna and the second antenna, and the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit signals only through the first antenna and not through the second antenna, so that the electronic device supports receiver diversity but not transmitter diversity.

According to an embodiment, there is provided an electronic device including: a housing having opposed upper and lower ends; a display mounted in the housing, wherein the display has four edges; a peripheral conductive member extending along four edges of the display; at least two dielectric-filled gaps in the peripheral conductive member separating the peripheral conductive member into at least respective first and second segments; an antenna ground plane in the housing; an upper cellular telephone antenna formed of at least a first segment and an antenna ground plane at an upper end of the housing; a lower cellular phone antenna formed of at least a second segment and an antenna ground plane at a lower end portion of the housing; and a radio frequency transceiver circuit that transmits and receives radio frequency antenna signals through the lower cellular telephone antenna and receives radio frequency antenna signals through the upper cellular telephone antenna without transmitting any radio frequency signals through the upper cellular telephone antenna.

According to another embodiment, the lower cellular telephone antenna is configured to cover at least five cellular telephone communications bands including 850MHz band, 900MHz band, 1800MHz band, 1900MHz band and 2100MHz band, and the upper cellular telephone antenna is configured to cover less than five of the five cellular telephone communications bands.

According to another embodiment, the electronic device further includes a fixed matching circuit coupled between the radio-frequency transceiver circuit and the lower cellular telephone antenna, and an adjustable matching circuit coupled between the radio-frequency transceiver circuit and the upper cellular telephone antenna, and the electronic device further includes a control circuit that controls the adjustable matching circuit to tune the upper cellular telephone antenna.

The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims (23)

1. An electronic device, comprising:

a housing having a conductive structure forming an antenna ground and having a peripheral conductive member extending around at least some edges of the housing;

at least two of the peripheral conductive elements are dielectric-filled gaps separating the peripheral conductive elements into at least a first segment and an additional segment;

an inverted-F antenna comprising said antenna ground and a first segment of said peripheral conductive member; and

an additional antenna formed by said additional segment of said peripheral conductive member and said antenna ground, the additional antenna configured to transmit and receive radio frequency signals in a plurality of cellular telephone bands, said inverted-F antenna configured to receive only radio frequency signals in a subset of said plurality of cellular telephone bands,

wherein the peripheral conductive member extends across at least four exterior surfaces of the electronic device, the electronic device has a length, a width perpendicular to the length, and a height perpendicular to the width and the length, the width is less than the length and the height is less than the width, and the at least two dielectric-filled gaps extend across the height of the electronic device from a back surface of the electronic device to a front surface of the electronic device.

2. The electronic device defined in claim 1 further comprising an antenna feed that carries an antenna signal to the first segment and an adjustable matching circuit that is inserted into the antenna feed.

3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the conductive structure that forms an antenna ground comprises: a planar housing member connected between portions of the peripheral conductive member on opposite edges of the housing.

4. The electronic device defined in claim 2 wherein the inverted-F antenna has a first branch and a second branch associated with respective first and second communications band antenna resonances, wherein the first branch is formed from a first portion of the first segment, and wherein the second branch is formed from a second portion of the first segment.

5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the at least two dielectric-filled gaps are filled with a polymer.

6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the electronic device further comprises a conductive structure bridging the dielectric opening and shorting the peripheral conductive member to the antenna ground.

7. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a satellite navigation system receiver coupled to the additional antenna.

8. The electronic device defined in claim 1 wherein the additional antenna is configured to cover five cellular telephone bands and wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to cover less than five cellular telephone bands.

9. The electronic device of claim 8, further comprising:

wireless cellular telephone transceiver circuitry; and

an adjustable impedance matching circuit coupled between the inverted-F antenna and the wireless cellular telephone transceiver circuit.

10. The electronic device defined in claim 9 wherein the tunable impedance matching circuit is operable in at least a first state and a second state, wherein the inverted-F antenna resonates in a first set of the five cellular telephone communication bands when the tunable impedance matching circuit is in the first state, wherein the inverted-F antenna resonates in a second set of the five cellular telephone communication bands when the tunable impedance matching circuit is in the second state, and wherein the first and second sets of cellular telephone communication bands are different.

11. The electronic device defined in claim 10 further comprising a satellite navigation system receiver coupled to the additional antenna, wherein the satellite navigation system receiver is configured to receive satellite navigation system signals from the inverted-F antenna when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the first state and when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the second state.

12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to operate in a 850MHz receive band, a 1575MHz global positioning system band, and a 1900MHz receive band when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the first state, and wherein the inverted-F antenna is configured to operate in a 900MHz receive band, a 1575MHz global positioning system band, and a 2100MHz receive band when the adjustable impedance matching circuit is in the second state.

13. The electronic device defined in claim 11 wherein the first segment of the peripheral conductive member and the conductive structure that forms an antenna ground are separated by a dielectric opening, the electronic device further comprising a wireless local area network antenna mounted in the dielectric opening.

14. An electronic device, comprising:

a housing having opposing first and second ends;

a display mounted in the housing, wherein the display has four edges;

a peripheral conductive member extending along four edges of the display;

an antenna ground at least partially formed by the conductive portion of the housing;

at least two of the peripheral conductive elements are dielectric-filled gaps separating the peripheral conductive elements into at least respective first and second segments;

a first antenna formed at least by a first segment of said peripheral conductive member and said antenna ground;

a second antenna formed at least by a second segment of said peripheral conductive member and said antenna ground; and

radio-frequency transceiver circuitry that transmits and receives radio-frequency antenna signals in a plurality of cellular telephone communication bands via the first antenna and receives only radio-frequency antenna signals in a subset of the plurality of cellular telephone communication bands via the second antenna,

wherein the peripheral conductive member extends across at least four exterior surfaces of the electronic device, the electronic device has a length, a width perpendicular to the length, and a height perpendicular to the width and the length, the width is less than the length and the height is less than the width, and the at least two dielectric-filled gaps extend across the height of the electronic device from a back surface of the electronic device to a front surface of the electronic device.

15. The electronic device defined in claim 14 wherein the first antenna is configured to receive radio-frequency antenna signals in at least five cellular telephone receive bands and is configured to transmit radio-frequency antenna signals in at least five cellular telephone transmit bands.

16. The electronic device defined in claim 15 wherein the second antenna is configured to receive radio-frequency antenna signals in no more than four of five cellular telephone receive bands.

17. The electronic device defined in claim 15 further comprising a tunable matching circuit coupled between the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and the second antenna, wherein the tunable matching circuit is operable in a first mode in which radio-frequency antenna signals are received by the second antenna in only first and second of five cellular telephone receive bands and a second mode in which radio-frequency antenna signals are received by the second antenna in only third and fourth of the five cellular telephone receive bands, and wherein the first and second cellular telephone receive bands are different from the third and fourth cellular telephone receive bands.

18. The electronic device defined in claim 15 wherein the first antenna comprises a loop antenna in which the conductive portion of the housing and the first segment surround a first dielectric opening and comprise the loop antenna and the second antenna comprises an inverted-F antenna in which the conductive portion of the housing and the second segment surround a second dielectric opening and comprise the inverted-F antenna.

19. The electronic device defined in claim 18 wherein the first end of the electronic device comprises a lower end of the electronic device and the second end of the electronic device comprises an upper end of the electronic device and wherein the peripheral conductive member comprises at least three gaps that define at least three separate segments of the peripheral conductive member, wherein the at least three separate segments of the peripheral conductive member comprise the first segment and the second segment.

20. The electronic device defined in claim 15 wherein the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry is configured to receive signals through the first and second antennas and wherein the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit signals only through the first antenna and not through the second antenna so that the electronic device supports receiver diversity and not transmitter diversity.

21. An electronic device, comprising:

a housing having opposed upper and lower ends;

a display mounted in the housing, wherein the display has four edges;

a peripheral conductive member extending along four edges of the display;

at least two of the peripheral conductive elements are dielectric-filled gaps separating the peripheral conductive elements into at least respective first and second segments;

an antenna ground plane in the housing;

an upper cellular phone antenna formed of at least the first segment and an antenna ground plane at an upper end of the housing;

a lower cellular phone antenna composed of at least the second segment and an antenna ground plane at a lower end portion of the housing; and

a radio-frequency transceiver circuit configured to transmit and receive radio-frequency antenna signals through the lower cellular telephone antenna and configured to receive only radio-frequency antenna signals through the upper cellular telephone antenna but not transmit any radio-frequency antenna signals through the upper cellular telephone antenna, wherein the peripheral conductive piece extends across at least four external surfaces of the electronic device, the electronic device has a length, a width perpendicular to the length, and a height perpendicular to the width and the length, the width is less than the length and the height is less than the width, and the at least two dielectric-filled gaps extend across the height of the electronic device from a back surface of the electronic device to a front surface of the electronic device.

22. The electronic device defined in claim 21 wherein the lower cellular telephone antenna is configured to cover at least five cellular telephone communication bands including 850MHz bands, 900MHz bands, 1800MHz bands, 1900MHz bands and 2100MHz bands and wherein the upper cellular telephone antenna is configured to cover less than five of the five cellular telephone communication bands.

23. The electronic device defined in claim 22 further comprising fixed matching circuitry coupled between the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and the lower cellular telephone antenna and tunable matching circuitry coupled between the radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and the upper cellular telephone antenna, the electronic device further comprising control circuitry that controls the tunable matching circuitry to tune the upper cellular telephone antenna.