HK1168376B - Gasification reactor - Google Patents

Description

Gasification reactor

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst containing CO or H₂A gasification reactor for the raw gas.

Background

Such gasification reactors are known, for example, from WO 2009/036985 a1 of the applicant, wherein a large number of other prior art documents are also mentioned in this document, for example US 4474584, which relates in particular to the cooling of high-temperature synthesis gas. DE 3530918C 3, DE 69102878T 2 and EP 0046600B 1 are also mentioned in the prior art.

The present invention is directed in particular to solving the problems arising in such reactors, and is not exclusively limited to gasification reactors as described herein, but also to such plants in which similar problems as described in detail below may arise.

Such a plant must be suitable for implementing a process for high-pressure gasification/combustion of finely distributed fuels, including the partial oxidation of fuels, coal dust, finely distributed biomass, oils, tars and the like in a reactor. It also includes extracting the residue or fly ash and the produced synthesis gas or raw gas separately or together. It must be possible to cool the reaction products (gases and residues/fly ash), for example by spray quenching, blow quenching, radiant quenching, convection heating surfaces, etc., depending on the type of process used, and finally it must also be noted that the reaction products are drawn off from the pressure vessel.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a cooling screen with a conical region inside the pressure vessel for the discharge of gas or residues, optimizing the suspension or connection (load reduction) between the cooling screen and the pressure vessel, while avoiding the occurrence of uneven expansion.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that, in order to reduce the load on the membrane wall, the support is carried directly or indirectly on the coolant supply line or the mixture discharge line, wherein the coolant supply line and/or the mixture discharge line are expediently positioned on a neutral plane defined by the burner and in this case pass through the pressure vessel.

The problem addressed by the invention is primarily to provide a fixing point plane between the pressure vessel and the inner structure in the normal to the vessel plane, so that expansion due to extreme temperature differences can be absorbed, since there is no or only a small expansion difference in the fixing point plane. The diaphragm wall is gas tight with respect to the pressure vessel wall. Instead, the bottom or lid of such a membrane-wall basket is provided with an outlet, depending on the type, to allow inflow or outflow of gas, debris, water, etc.

It can be seen that with the present invention, in gasification, high pressure pulverized coal combustion or the like, the combustor can be passed through, for example, a pressure vessel and a cooling screen without having to tolerate expansion at this time.

EP 0616022B 1 is partly concerned with the problems described above. This document describes the use of a gasification reactor and a convection heating surface located directly downstream. This document also shows a diaphragm wall structure which is surrounded on the outside by a pressure vessel. The load is transferred from the diaphragm wall to the pressure vessel via a separate member. These members are equipped with their own circulation, which heats the members. However, this construction has the disadvantage that, in addition to the existing circulation for the membrane wall, a further thermal circulation must be used, which leads to additional space requirements and is extremely complex.

In one embodiment of the invention, the tubes of the membrane wall are attached to an annular distributor located below and/or above the heating surface, which is connected to the coolant supply line or the mixture discharge line.

In principle, the wall structure of the reaction chamber can have various different designs, and a gasification reactor with a membrane basket is provided according to the invention, with an upper conical region and a lower conical region formed by cooling tubes, which gasification reactor is characterized in that the conical membrane basket region has separate cooling water inlet and cooling water outlet openings, wherein a part of the tubes forming the vertical membrane wall is designed as a support element for the tubes of the lower or upper conical portion.

It can be seen that a special feature of this embodiment is that at least a part of the tubes through which the coolant flows, which form the cylindrical membrane wall, simultaneously carry the lower membrane basket region by bearing or the upper membrane basket region by suspension.

In this embodiment of the solution, it is provided that the tubes forming the support element extend separately from the respective ring distributor below or above the respective cone and back into the diaphragm wall, and that, since the tubes forming the support element emerge from different planes of the ring distributor, there is always an optimum angular position for receiving the load of the supported or suspended diaphragm wall basket region.

In particular when the diaphragm is formed by a continuous tube which simultaneously forms the upper and lower conical region, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that brackets are provided on the diaphragm wall tube in the annular space, which brackets bear on the coolant supply line or the mixture discharge line, wherein it is also possible to provide that the diaphragm wall and the upper and lower conical regions are formed by identical coolant-conducting tubes, wherein the respective tube sections are arranged offset or offset relative to one another in some regions in order to form the cone, as a result of which the cone can be optimally formed in a very simple manner.

Drawings

Other details, features and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Wherein

Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a gasification reactor according to the invention,

FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematic diagrams of gasification reactors with differently designed reaction chambers, an

Fig. 4-7 show schematic diagrams of reaction chambers with different arrangements in half section.

Detailed Description

The gasification reactor shown in fig. 1 and designated as a whole by 1 has a pressure vessel 2, in which a reaction chamber 4 surrounded by a membrane wall 3 is arranged from top to bottom at a distance from the pressure vessel 2. The coolant feed line for loading the membrane wall 3 is indicated by 5. The membrane wall 3 merges via a lower cone 6 into a narrowing channel which is part of a transition region designated by 8, wherein a vortex brake 9 is shown in the narrowing transition channel 7. The drop edge in the transition zone 8, which is intended for the liquid ash in the transition zone 8 and is at a distance from the first drop edge 10 of the transition channel 7, is denoted by 10 a.

A quench chamber or channel 11 is connected to the transition zone 8, followed by a residue collection vessel 12 in a water basin 13.

The structure of the reaction chamber 4 surrounding the diaphragm wall 3 will be described below.

In the embodiment according to fig. 2, the diaphragm wall 3 is formed by tubes which are flowed through by a coolant and are shown only as lines and which form both an upper and a lower conical region 3a and 3b, the coolant feed being effected via a coolant feed line 5 and the mixture discharge line being represented by 14, the coolant feed line and the mixture discharge line being acted upon by an upper and a lower annular distributor 15 or 16.

Only possible elements, such as burners or the like, are shown in fig. 2, which elements are indicated with 17, passing through the wall of the pressure vessel 2 and the diaphragm wall 3. The horizontal plane defined by these built-in elements is shown in dashed lines and indicated by 18.

The inlet or outlet of the coolant supply line 5 or the mixture discharge line 14 passes through the pressure vessel wall 2 in this plane 18 or as close as possible to this plane 18, the geometric arrangement being indicated by "x" in fig. 2.

The embodiment according to fig. 3 is designed slightly differently. The upper and lower conical portions, indicated with 3' and 3 "in the embodiment of fig. 3, are constituted by separate cooling pipe systems which are connected gas-tightly to the membrane wall 3 and which have their own coolant input and coolant output, which are not shown in detail.

In fig. 3, a solution is shown in which the lower conical portion 3 'is carried by several cooling tubes, for example bent out of the diaphragm wall 3 angularly in an alternating sequence below the lower conical zone 3' and led back into the lower annular distributor 15 to support the lower conical zone, these tube segments being designated by 3a in fig. 3.

The structure can also be adapted correspondingly to the upper cone region 3 ″, which is not shown in detail in the figures.

An important special feature of the invention is that the coolant supply line 5 or the mixture discharge line 14 is used directly to relieve the membrane wall 3, which is shown in different variants in fig. 4 to 7.

Fig. 4 shows a three-part diaphragm basket with a cylindrical region 3, a lower cone 3' with its own piping and an upper cone 3 ", wherein these cones are connected in a gas-tight manner to the cylindrical wall.

In order to support the lower conical region 3', a portion of the tubes forming the cylindrical diaphragm wall 3 is bent out of the plane at an angle, and is guided into a lower ring distributor 15, into which the majority of the tubes of the vertical diaphragm wall 3 open without bending. The ring distributor 15 itself is carried by a plurality of coolant inlet pipes 5, whereby the whole structure is maintained accordingly.

The inlet or outlet of the coolant inlet pipe 5 or the mixture outlet pipe 14 should be positioned in or near the neutral plane 18 drawn with a dotted line in order to avoid or absorb uneven expansion.

Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment. The membrane basket, here with an upper and a lower conical part, consists of a continuous cooling pipe. In the embodiment of fig. 5, the membrane basket, in particular the cylindrical membrane wall 3, has a carrier 19 in its upper region, wherein the mixture outlet pipe 14 has a corresponding seat 20, on which the carrier bears, in order to thereby hold the entire membrane basket.

Fig. 6 shows a modified embodiment. The carrier 19a is held by a support 20a, which is positioned on the respective coolant feed line 5, in order to thus also support the entire membrane basket.

Finally, fig. 7 shows a further embodiment in which support elements 21, which are themselves optionally flowed through by coolant, are positioned on the lower ring distributor 5, on which corresponding supports 22 on the membrane basket 3 are supported.

Of course, the described embodiments of the invention may of course be varied in many ways without departing from the basic idea of the invention. For example, a hybrid form of support can also be provided, to name just one possible example, for example the lower membrane basket area 3' is supported on the one hand on the bent-out coolant pipes and, if appropriate, on the other hand, for example, on the combined supports 19 and 20 as in the exemplary embodiments of fig. 4 and 6.

Claims (7)

1. For producing CO or H₂The gasification reactor (1) for raw gas of (2) for the gasification of ash-containing fuels with oxygen-containing gases at temperatures above the melting point of ash, having a pressure vessel (2) and a reaction chamber (4) formed by a membrane wall (3) consisting of cooling tubes, wherein an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the pressure vessel (2) and the membrane wall (3), a plurality of elements being provided which pass through the pressure vessel wall and the membrane wall substantially horizontally in the same plane (18), characterized in that: in order to reduce the load on the diaphragm wall (3), directly on the coolantThe input pipe (5) or the mixture output pipe (14) is supported; the element passing through the pressure vessel wall and the diaphragm wall is a burner; and the coolant supply line and/or the mixture discharge line pass through the pressure vessel in or close to a plane defined by the burner passing through the pressure vessel wall and the diaphragm wall.

2. For producing CO or H₂The gasification reactor (1) for raw gas of (2) for the gasification of ash-containing fuels with oxygen-containing gases at temperatures above the melting point of ash, having a pressure vessel (2) and a reaction chamber (4) formed by a membrane wall (3) consisting of cooling tubes, wherein an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the pressure vessel (2) and the membrane wall (3), a plurality of elements being provided which pass through the pressure vessel wall and the membrane wall substantially horizontally in the same plane (18), characterized in that: in order to reduce the load on the membrane wall (3), the support is indirectly realized on the coolant inlet pipe (5) or the mixture outlet pipe (14); the element passing through the pressure vessel wall and the diaphragm wall is a burner; and the coolant supply line and/or the mixture discharge line pass through the pressure vessel in or close to a plane defined by the burner passing through the pressure vessel wall and the diaphragm wall.

3. A gasification reactor according to claim 2, wherein the tubes of the membrane wall (3) are fixed to ring distributors (15, 16) arranged below and/or above the heating surface, wherein the ring distributors (15, 16) are connected to the coolant feed tube (5) or the mixture outlet tube (14).

4. A gasification reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 with a membrane wall basket and upper and lower conical regions consisting of cooling tubes, characterized in that the conical membrane basket regions (3 ', 3 ") are designed with separate cooling water inlet and cooling water outlet openings, wherein a part of the tubes constituting the vertical membrane wall (3) constitute a carrier element for the tubes constituting the lower or upper conical portion (3', 3").

5. A gasification reactor according to claim 4 wherein the tubes (3, 3a) forming the carrier element extend separately from the respective annular distributor (15, 16) below or above the respective cone and back into the membrane wall.

6. A gasification reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that in the annular space, on the diaphragm wall tube (3) there is provided a carrier (19) which is supported on a support (20) on the coolant inlet tube (5) or on the mixture outlet tube (14).

7. A gasification reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the membrane wall (3) and the upper and lower conical zones (3a, 3b) are formed by identical tubes for guiding the coolant, wherein the respective tube sections are locally offset or offset relative to each other in order to form the respective conical section.