HK1166297B - Method for installing the hoisting roping of an elevator - Google Patents

Description

Method for installing the hoisting ropes of an elevator

Technical Field

The object of the invention is a method for installing the hoisting ropes of an elevator as disclosed in the preamble of claim 1.

The invention relates more particularly to the installation of the hoisting ropes of elevators with a high travel height, i.e. elevators of high-rise buildings or super high-rise buildings. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for elevators having a suspension ratio of 1: 1, but it can also be used for other types of elevators.

Background

Elevators with high travel heights comprise long and heavy hoisting ropes. This causes problems when installing the hoisting ropes. One method for installing the hoisting ropes is to lift the rope reel (reel) into the top of the elevator hoistway by means of a hoisting device suited to the purpose, after which the rope starts to be released from the reel and descends downwards. The problem with this solution is above all to lift the heavy rope reel to the top of the tall elevator hoistway. Another problem is that lowering long and heavy ropes down is difficult to control and this requires a hoisting machine with a high load rating. The lower the ropes are lowered, the greater their weight on the hoisting machine lowering the ropes. If the descent is unsuccessful, the rope may begin to descend at a high speed, which may cause a dangerous situation and/or damage the structure.

Another method is to lift the rope from a reel in the bottom of the elevator hoistway to the top of the elevator hoistway by pulling the rope upwards from the end of the rope, e.g. by means of some type of hoist. In this solution the properties required of the hoisting machine for hoisting the rope cause problems, because the hoisting weight or hoisting force of a small hoisting machine is not necessarily sufficient to lift a long and heavy rope upwards. In addition to the weight of the hoisting ropes, the hoisting machine must also be able to lift the weight of its own hoisting chain or hoisting rope. It would therefore require the use of special hoists with a large load rating and hoisting weight for the hoisting ropes, which causes additional costs.

In the aforementioned prior art solutions, a problem may still exist that the installation of the ropes takes a lot of time and requires many employees for it, which causes additional costs. In addition, one problem in these solutions is that the hoisting ropes can usually only be installed at the final stage of the construction project, and the installation of the ropes can only be started and implemented after the structure of the elevator hoistway has been completed, significantly delaying the completion of the elevator. In addition, if problems occur in the installation of the ropes, these problems are noticed only at a later stage, whereby the whole project is delayed. Moreover, with this type of installation, the installation time is usually designed to be short, which causes hassle and stress at the final stage of installation, in which case, due to the hassle and stress, it can also cause additional careless mistakes and dangerous situations.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks and to achieve a simple and low-cost method for installing the hoisting ropes of an elevator, which method is particularly suitable for elevators having a high travel height. The method according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the other claims.

Certain embodiments of the invention are also discussed in the description section of the present application. The inventive content of the application can also be defined differently than in the claims presented below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of expressions or implicit sub-tasks or from the point of view of advantages or categories of advantages achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be superfluous from the point of view of separate inventive concepts. Likewise, the different details provided in connection with each embodiment may also be applied in other embodiments. Further, it may be stated that at least some of the dependent claims may in at least some cases be considered inventive in their own right.

The object of the present invention is in particular to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art solutions. More specifically, the aim of the invention is to propose a more efficient method for winding the ropes of an elevator. The object of the invention is further to propose one or more of the following advantages, among others:

the installation of the elevator is faster than with the prior art method.

Because the installation of the ropes is advanced with the completion of the other parts of the elevator, the installation of the ropes is not all performed until the final stage of the construction project, whereby the completion of the project is not delayed.

The installation of the ropes does not need to be carried out in a hurry under pressure at the final stage of the construction project, whereby the installation can be carried out more carefully, in which case possible errors and dangerous situations caused by hurry and pressure are avoided.

Only one employee is needed for most of the installation work, which saves costs.

For the installer, the installation work is not physically hard.

The installation ropes do not require special hoisting machines with a large hoisting height (hoisting distance) and/or hoisting capacity.

The method is simple and inexpensive.

According to the invention, in a method for installing the hoisting ropes of an elevator, the hoisting ropes of the elevator are lifted upwards into the elevator hoistway by means of a hoisting device. The hoisting ropes are lifted upwards in steps into the elevator shaft so that

a) At least one of the hoisting ropes is lifted by pulling it to a height (h1), and the aforementioned at least one rope is fixed to the elevator hoistway or to another fixed structure of the building,

b) at least one of the ropes of the hoisting rope which is at said height (h1) and which is lifted in stage a) is detached,

c) the at least one rope detached in phase b) is lifted by pulling it to the next height (h2) and the aforementioned at least one rope is fixed to the elevator hoistway or to another fixed structure of the building, preferably so that the aforementioned at least one rope is fixed near its end.

This type of step-wise lifting produces a number of advantages and also enables different operating options. In particular, the number of ropes to be lifted at a time can be reduced. Likewise, one advantage is that these steps can be installed as some other elevator structure progresses so that the aforementioned other elevator structure advances from bottom to top substantially in synchronism with the hoisting of the ropes. Likewise, a step lift can be carried out more safely in the method, since guiding the ropes on the desired path of movement during a long lift is more difficult to implement. As such, it may more easily affect the power demand/overload condition of the lifting device.

In one embodiment of the invention, in phase a) a first number (n1) of hoisting ropes is lifted at the same time as each other, and in phase c) a second number (n2) of hoisting ropes (6) is lifted at the same time as each other, which second number (n2) is preferably smaller than (but also equal to) the first number (n1), the number of ropes to be lifted at a time being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more. Reducing the number of ropes to be lifted at one time enables the use of a lifting device of weaker lifting capacity, because the mass of the ropes is considerable and the higher the rope extension, the greater the mass of the ropes when the step to be lifted is performed higher.

In one embodiment of the invention, the lifting device is lifted upwards when the fixed height of the rope reaches the vicinity of the lifting device.

In one embodiment of the invention, the ropes of the hoisting ropes are lifted by pulling them upwards from near the ends of the ropes, which are fixed at the next hoisting height to the elevator hoistway or to another fixed structure of the building, preferably to a separate and temporary rope fixing beam.

In one embodiment of the invention, stages a) -c) are repeated until the desired height is reached.

In one embodiment of the invention the ropes of the hoisting ropes are lifted one or more ropes at a time in the elevator hoistway by means of a hoisting device to a hoisting height (h1) and the ends of the ropes are fixed into their position, after which the hoisting device is moved upwards in the elevator hoistway as required, after which the ropes of the hoisting ropes are detached from their fixing at said height (h1) and lifted one or more ropes at a time in the elevator hoistway by means of the hoisting device to the next hoisting height (h2), the lifting, fixing and detaching of the ropes being continued until the desired height is reached. One advantage is that the lifting device requires a shorter lifting height/lifting distance than before.

In one embodiment of the invention the ropes of the hoisting ropes are hoisted step by step as the installation of the elevator hoistway, the installation of the guide rails of the elevator car and the installation of the guide rails of the counterweight progress, and after the hoisting the ends of the ropes to be hoisted are fixed into the elevator hoistway or to another fixed structure of the building using a working platform moving in the vertical direction in the elevator hoistway as an aid.

In one embodiment of the invention, in the method the temporary machine room platform is moved upwards in the elevator hoistway in steps by jump-lifts, and with each jump-lift the ropes of the hoisting ropes are lifted upwards in the elevator hoistway by a distance of approximately the length of the jump-lift and fixed to the elevator hoistway or other fixed structure of the building in the time between jump-lifts after the lift. The hoisting of the rope is thus propelled substantially at the same speed as the increase in the hoisting height of the elevator.

In one embodiment of the invention the guide rails of the elevator car and the guide rails of the counterweight are installed in the elevator hoistway by arranging the guide rail parts in series end to end, and when a certain amount of guide rail parts are installed end to end, the hoisting ropes of the ropes are lifted in the elevator hoistway by the hoisting means up a distance of the length of the aforementioned certain amount of guide rail part at a time by one or more ropes, and are fixed to the elevator hoistway or other fixed structure of the building in the time between the lifts after the lifting. The hoisting of the ropes is thus carried out at substantially the same speed as the installation work at the hoisting height of the elevator. Thus, the working height in the elevator hoistway can be kept short and the up-and-down movement of the installer can be reduced.

In one embodiment of the invention, the rope ends of the hoisting ropes are fixed at their highest position to the elevator hoistway or another fixed structure of the building substantially before the elevator hoistway is completely finished.

Drawings

The invention will be described in more detail below by means of an example of embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 shows a lateral oblique view of an elevator hoistway in an initial phase of a method according to the invention and in an initial phase of installation of the elevator hoistway;

FIG. 2 shows a second stage of a method according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a third phase of a method according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a fourth stage of a method according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a fifth stage of a method according to the invention; and

fig. 6 shows a sixth stage of a method according to the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a lateral oblique view of the elevator hoistway 1 in an initial stage of the elevator hoistway installation. The elevator shaft 1 is constructed from the bottom upwards. At this stage the elevator hoistway 1 is built up a little distance from the bottom upwards, the lowest parts of the guide rails 2 of the elevator car and the guide rails 3 of the counterweight being erected in place. The working platform 4 is mounted to the guide rails of the elevator car, from which platform one or more installers build the elevator upwards. The final hoisting ropes 6 on one or more reels 5 are near the bottom of the elevator hoistway, from where the ropes 6 are lifted upwards by a hoisting means 7 a distance of approximately the length of the guide rail 3 up to a first hoisting height h1, and these ropes are temporarily fixed to a first temporary fixing beam 8a of the ropes fixed to the guide rail 3 of the counterweight, which fixing beam is supported on one fixing means 3a of the guide rail 3, for example. In the exemplary case the hoisting ropes 6 comprise four hoisting ropes, and the hoisting device 7 is a chain hoist, which is fixed to the structure of the building. In the initial phase of installation, when the height is still not very high, all the ropes of the hoisting ropes 6 can be lifted simultaneously, because their weight is still not very large. In a later stage the number n1, n2 of ropes lifted at a time must generally be reduced. The number n1, n2 may be e.g. 1, 2, 3 or more ropes at a time.

In fig. 2 the guide rails 2 of the car and the guide rails 3 of the counterweight have been extended higher. A second temporary fixing beam 8b of the rope is fixed to the top of the guide rail 3 of the counterweight at the next hoisting height h2, said fixing beam also being supported on one fixing means 3a of the guide rail, the hoisting rope 6 being intended to be fixed next to the second fixing beam 8b of the rope. The hoisting machine 7 is also lifted upwards in the elevator hoistway 1 and the hoisting machine 7 is again fixed to the structure of the building, e.g. to a support structure fixed to the elevator hoistway.

In fig. 3, two ropes of the hoisting ropes 6 are lifted by the hoisting machine 7 to the second fixed beam 8b of the ropes. Prior to lifting, the installer detaches the rope to be lifted from the first fixed beam 8a of the rope and fixes the rope from the work platform 4 to the lifting hook of the hoist 7, and also guides the lifting of the rope from the work platform during lifting.

In fig. 4, the installer has raised on the working platform 4 substantially to the height of the second fixed beam 8b of the rope while guiding the lifting of the rope, after which the installer has fixed to the second fixed beam 8b of the rope two ropes lifted to this height near their ends.

In fig. 5, the guide rails 2 and 3 have been extended higher again. The remaining two ropes of the hoisting ropes 6 have been lifted to the level of the second fixed beam 8b of ropes and fixed to the second fixed beam 8b of ropes. Now, when all the ropes of the hoisting ropes 6 are fixed to the second fixed beam 8b of the rope, the first fixed beam 8a of the rope is detached and fixed to the higher guide rail 3 of the counterweight to wait for the next hoisting phase of the hoisting ropes 6. The hoisting machine 7 is likewise lifted upwards again in the elevator shaft and it is fixed to the structure of the building.

In fig. 6, the two ropes of the hoisting rope 6 are again detached from the second fixed beam 8b of the rope and are now lifted higher than the second fixed beam 8b of the rope by means of the hoisting machine 7 to the level of the fixed first fixed beam 8a of the rope. Next, these two hoisting ropes are fixed to the first fixed beam 8a of the rope and the remaining two hoisting ropes are lifted to this height and fixed to the first fixed beam 8a of the rope. At this stage, the second working platform 4 is also additionally mounted to the guide rails 2 of the elevator car, so that the mounting work can be carried out simultaneously at different heights, thus saving time.

Thereafter, as more floors of the building are completed, the hoisting ropes 6 are lifted upwards in stages in the same way as described above. If the building is tall, it is possible that in the final phase only one of the hoisting ropes 6 is lifted by the hoisting means at a time, because the higher they rise, the greater the rope weight. When the hoisting rope 6 has been lifted upwards, it is e.g. fixed to e.g. a certain temporary fixing point until anything else is done so that the hoisting rope can be guided over the traction sheave of the elevator machine and fixed to the car sling and counterweight. The invention is primarily concerned with lifting the hoisting ropes 6 upwards so that the subsequent procedure thereof can be carried out, for example, by means of prior-art installation methods.

By the method according to the invention the hoisting ropes 6 of the elevator are thus lifted into the elevator hoistway step by step, stage by stage as the rest of the installation of the elevator hoistway advances, in which case the hoisting ropes are lifted upwards as the other structures of the elevator rise. In this case the hoisting ropes 6 are installed, for example, as follows. The lowest part of the guide rails 2 of the elevator car and the guide rails 3 of the counterweight stands on the bottom of the elevator hoistway 1, and a working platform 4 is mounted to the guide rails 2 of the car. The hoisting ropes 6 on at least one reel 5 are brought near the bottom part of the elevator hoistway 1 and protected against moisture. The first fixing beams 8a of the ropes are fixed to the guide rails 3 of the counterweight, adjacent to the top ends of their finished parts, for example supported by the fixing means 3a of the guide rails 3. After that the rope ends of the hoisting ropes 6 are simultaneously lifted to the height of the beam 8a by means of the hoist 7 and the ropes are fixed to the first fixing beam 8a of the ropes near their top ends. These ropes are either all lifted at the same time, or some ropes are lifted at the same time, or only one rope at a time, depending on how high they are.

Next the guide rails 2 of the elevator car and the guide rails 3 of the counterweight are extended higher and the second fixing beam 8b of the rope is fixed near the new top end of the guide rails 3 of the counterweight. The hoisting machine 7 moves upwards if the end of the hoisting rope has been lifted to near the level of the hoisting machine 7. Next, the ropes of the hoisting ropes 6 are detached from the first fixed beam 8a of the ropes and lifted by means of the hoist 7 to approximately the height of the second fixed beam 8b of the ropes and fixed to the second fixed beam 8b of the ropes. These ropes are either all lifted at the same time, or some ropes are lifted at the same time, or only one rope at a time, depending on how high they are.

After that the guide rails 2, 3 are extended higher again, the first fixed beam 8a of the rope is moved to near the new top end of the guide rail 3 of the counterweight and supported on the guide rail 3 of the counterweight. The hoisting machine 7 is lifted upwards again, the hoisting rope being detached from the second fixed beam 8b of the rope and lifted by means of the hoisting machine 7 to the level of the first fixed beam 8a of the rope and fixed thereto. The number of ropes to be lifted at the same time depends again on how high has been reached. This is continued until the hoisting ropes 6 are lifted to the desired height. After this, e.g. using prior-art mounting methods, by means of which the hoisting ropes are guided over the traction sheave of the elevator machine and fixed to the car sling and to the counterweight.

The foregoing is the installation method described earlier, which is suitable for any elevator whatsoever, and the step-wise lifting of the ropes is carried out e.g. according to the step of raising of the guide rails. The installation method according to the invention described earlier can also be used so that the stepwise lifting of the ropes is carried out according to the development of some other structure of the elevator, preferably in connection with the use of a so-called jump-lift installation method. In this case, according to the method, a temporary machine room platform is moved upwards in the elevator hoistway step by step, i.e. in a jump-lift (the temporary machine room is a platform which is located above the elevator car and means a hoisting machine for supporting the elevator car and for lifting the elevator car during construction). The final hoisting ropes of the elevator are lifted upwards in the elevator hoistway with each lift of the machine room platform, i.e. jump-lift, for a length distance of approximately a jump-lift, and are immovably fixed in place at some suitable point, e.g. to the elevator hoistway or to a support structure supported on other parts of the building, e.g. to a temporary fixed beam in the elevator hoistway or a temporary machine room platform. The hoisting ropes are in this case temporarily fixed during the time between jump-lifts. The rope stepwise lifting is performed in connection with jump-lifts, i.e. it may be performed between jump-lifts, before jump-lifts, or after jump-lifts, or simultaneously with jump-lifts. If the hoisting of the ropes (phases a-c) is performed before or after the jump-lift, it is possible to work calmly, because the elevator car below the machine room landing can serve passengers during the hoisting of the ropes. This jump may additionally be effected in a known manner, for example in the manner disclosed in european patent EP1583710B 1.

In the method one or more ropes 6 are preferably fixed near their ends, preferably on the supporting structure of the car guide rails or counterweight guide rails, or on a structure supported by a supporting structure, such as a fixed beam 8a, 8 b. In this application, near their ends refer to the ends of the ropes or the portions of the ropes immediately adjacent to the ends.

In the method the hoisting means 7 are most preferably hoisting means having the main and preferably the only task of hoisting the rope during the hoisting of the rope. Most preferably the hoisting means 7 do not simultaneously lift the platform, the car of the elevator or some other heavy structure while hoisting the ropes. The hoisting device is preferably a Tirak hoist or other corresponding auxiliary hoist. In all embodiments the hoisting ropes 6 to be installed are most preferably the final hoisting ropes of the elevator, which in the method are subsequently arranged to move the elevator car and possibly the counterweight when moved by the final hoisting machine of the elevator. In the invention the fixing of the ropes can be performed e.g. by supporting the ropes directly or indirectly on some fixed structure of the elevator hoistway or building so that the ropes cannot fall down into the elevator hoistway.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that different embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples described above, but that they may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the method can be used for installing the hoisting ropes of elevators of a different type than the one described above. In this case, the suspension ratio may be other than 1: 1, for example, 1: 2, 1: 4, etc.

It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the hoisting ropes may comprise a number other than four hoisting ropes, e.g. six or eight.

It is further obvious to the person skilled in the art that the hoisting ropes may be fixed to other locations between the hoistings than to a beam fixed to the guide rail of the counterweight. The rope can be fixed, for example, to a temporary fixing point on the wall of the elevator hoistway.

Claims (10)

1. Method for installing the hoisting ropes of an elevator, in which method the hoisting ropes (6) of the elevator are lifted upwards into the elevator hoistway (1) by means of a hoisting device (7), characterized in that the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted upwards into the elevator hoistway (1) step by step so that the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted upwards into the elevator hoistway (1) in such a way that they are at least partially removed from the elevator hoistway

a) At least one of the hoisting ropes (6) is lifted by pulling it to a height (h1), and the aforementioned at least one rope is fixed to the elevator hoistway or to another fixed structure of the building,

b) at least one of the hoisting ropes (6) which is at said height (h1) and which is lifted in stage a) is detached,

c) the at least one rope detached in phase b) is lifted by pulling it to the next height (h2), and the aforementioned at least one rope is fixed to the elevator hoistway (1) or to another fixed structure of the building,

wherein in the aforementioned phase a) a first number (n1) of ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted at the same time as each other, and in phase c) a second number (n2) of ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted at the same time as each other, said second number (n2) being smaller than said first number (n1), and the number of ropes lifted at one time is 1, 2, 3 or more.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hoisting means (7) are lifted upwards when the fixed height of the rope reaches the vicinity of the hoisting means (7).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted by pulling them upwards at least from the proximity of the ends of the ropes, and that the ends of the ropes are fixed to the elevator hoistway (1) or to another fixed structure of the building at the next hoisting height (h 2).

4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted by pulling them upwards at least from the vicinity of the ends of the ropes, and that the ends of the ropes are fixed to separate and temporary rope fixing beams (8 a, 8 b) at the next lifting height (h 2).

5. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the phases a) -c) are repeated until the desired height is reached.

6. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted one or more ropes at a time in the elevator hoistway (1) by means of a hoisting device (7) to a hoisting height (h1) and the ends of the ropes are fixed into their position, after which the hoisting device (7) is moved upwards in the elevator hoistway as required, after which the ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are detached from their fixing at the height (h1) and lifted one or more ropes at a time in the elevator hoistway (1) by means of the hoisting device (7) to the next hoisting height (h2), and that the hoisting, fixing and detaching of the ropes are continued until the desired height is reached.

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are hoisted step by step as the installation of the elevator hoistway (1), the installation of the guide rails (2) of the elevator car and the installation of the guide rails (3) of the counterweight progress, and that, after hoisting, the ends of the ropes to be hoisted are fixed into the elevator hoistway (1) or to another fixed structure of the building using the working platform (4) moving in the vertical direction in the elevator hoistway (1) as an aid.

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that in the method the temporary machine room platform is moved upwards in steps in the elevator hoistway (1) by jump-lifts, and that, with each jump-lift, the ropes of the hoisting ropes (6) are lifted upwards in the elevator hoistway for a distance of approximately the length of the jump-lift and then fixed to the elevator hoistway (1) or other fixed structure of the building in the time between the jump-lifts.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the guide rails (2) of the elevator car and the guide rails (3) of the counterweight are installed in the elevator hoistway (1) by arranging the guide rail parts in sequence end to end, and that, when a certain amount of guide rail parts are installed end to end, the hoisting ropes of the ropes (6) are lifted in the elevator hoistway (1) by the hoisting means (7) one or more ropes at a time a distance of the length of the aforementioned certain amount of guide rail part and then fixed to the elevator hoistway (1) or other fixed structure of the building in the time between lifts.

10. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the rope ends of the hoisting ropes (6) are fixed to the elevator hoistway (1) or another fixed structure of the building at their highest position substantially before the elevator hoistway (1) is completely completed.