HK1163387B - Apparatus and method for facilitating transmit diversity for communications - Google Patents

Description

Apparatus and method for facilitating transmit diversity for communications

Claiming priority based on 35U.S.C. § 119

This patent application claims priority to provisional application No.61/099,368 entitled "TRANSMITDIVERSITY FOR UPLINK WIRELESS CHANNELS," filed on 23.9.2008, which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The present application relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to methods and systems that facilitate transmit diversity for communications.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems.

Generally, a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple wireless terminals. Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations. The communication link may be established via a single-input single-output, multiple-input single-output, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system.

Transmit diversity schemes may be used to enhance communication reliability in wireless multiple-access communication systems. One problem with transmit diversity is interference between multiple transmitters transmitting on a common resource. For example, in third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, only a single resource is allocated to data transmitted on the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). As such, it is not feasible to use different time or frequency resources for LTE PUCCH data. Similarly, other systems utilize a single resource to specify control, traffic, pilot, etc. data, negating orthogonal resource transmissions. Accordingly, improved apparatus and methods for facilitating transmit diversity schemes are desired.

Disclosure of Invention

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In accordance with one or more aspects and corresponding disclosure thereof, various aspects are described in connection with facilitating transmit diversity for communications. According to one aspect, a method for facilitating transmit diversity for communications is provided. The method may include processing the received content. Further, the method may include generating control information in response to the processed content. Further, the method can include allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme. Further, the method may include determining the cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Another aspect relates to a computer program product that includes a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include code for causing a computer to process received content. Further, the computer-readable medium may include code for causing a computer to generate control information in response to the processed content. Moreover, the computer-readable medium can comprise code for causing a computer to allocate two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting control information using a transmit diversity scheme. Further, the computer-readable medium can comprise code for causing a computer to determine the cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift delta parameter.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The apparatus may include means for processing the received content. Further, the apparatus may include means for generating control information in response to the processed content. Further, the apparatus can include means for allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting control information using a transmit diversity scheme. Further, the apparatus can include means for determining the cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The apparatus may comprise a transmit diversity module operative to: processing the received content; generating control information in response to the processed content; allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting control information using a transmit diversity scheme; and determining the cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Further, in accordance with one or more aspects and corresponding disclosure thereof, various aspects are described in connection with receiving communications using a transmit diversity scheme. According to one aspect, a method for receiving communications using a transmit diversity scheme is provided. The method may include determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme. Further, the method may include processing the received control information using a transmit diversity scheme upon determining that the WCD is capable of transmitting using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Another aspect relates to a computer program product that includes a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include code for causing a computer to determine whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme. Further, the computer-readable medium can comprise code for causing the computer to process received control information using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The apparatus may include means for determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme. Further, the apparatus can include means for processing the received control information using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The apparatus may comprise a transmit diversity module operative to: determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme; and upon determining that the WCD is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme, processing the received control information using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed and the description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

Drawings

The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, and in which:

fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system that facilitates transmit diversity for communications in a wireless communication system, in accordance with an aspect;

fig. 2 depicts an example flow diagram of a method that facilitates transmit diversity for communications, according to an aspect;

fig. 3A depicts an exemplary transmit diversity architecture in accordance with an aspect;

FIG. 3B depicts an exemplary transmit diversity structure, according to another aspect;

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of an example wireless communication device that can facilitate transmit diversity for communication, according to an aspect;

fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a base station configured to receive communications using a transmit diversity scheme in accordance with another aspect described herein.

FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of an example communication system that can facilitate transmit diversity for communication, in accordance with an aspect; and

fig. 7 depicts a block diagram of an example communication system that receives communications using a transmit diversity scheme, in accordance with an aspect.

Detailed Description

Various aspects will now be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that one or more of these aspects may be practiced without these specific details.

Generally, during communication between devices, control information may be communicated between the devices. For example, an Acknowledgement (ACK) is sent for successfully received content and a Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) is sent for unsuccessfully received content. As another example, the control information may include a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). Further, as an additional example, the control information may include a Scheduling Request (SR).

To increase the likelihood of successfully receiving communications, transmit diversity may be used. Transmit diversity schemes may provide multiple sources of substantially similar communications, thereby providing communication redundancy. Further, a transmit diversity scheme may be implemented by providing multiple resources for communication. The multiple resources may be employed in a Forward Link (FL) transmission (e.g., on a downlink channel from a base station to a user equipment UE), or in a Reverse Link (RL) transmission (e.g., on an uplink channel from a UE to a base station), or both. Various transmit diversity schemes may be used depending at least in part on the control information being transmitted. For example, in order to transmit the ACK/NACK and/or SR, various transmit diversity schemes such as a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme, a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme, a multiple resource diversity scheme, etc., may be used. Also, in order to transmit the CQI, various transmit diversity schemes such as Space Time Block Code (STBC) diversity, VTSTD scheme, CDD scheme, multi-resource transmit diversity scheme, etc. may be used.

For purposes of illustration, and not as a limitation on the claimed subject matter, the above-mentioned transmit diversity schemes will now be described in more detail. A Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme may employ a change in phase shift between two antennas transmitting in a transmit diversity configuration. The phase shift may be varied for subsequent time frames of the transmitted signal or groups/portions of these time frames, where appropriate. Further, the phase shift may be randomized in time, varied according to some dynamic time-based function such as a step function (e.g., a 90 degree phase shift per time frame), and so forth. A Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme may be implemented with a single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) symbol. The multiplexing capability may be reduced due to the increased delay spread of the effective composite channel. Further, as another example, a space-time block code (STBC) diversity scheme may use multiple antennas to transmit multiple copies of a communication.

Employing multiple resources may provide sufficient diversity, but multiple resources are not always available for transmit diversity schemes. For example, some standards provide only a single resource for data transmission. As an example, in third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, only a single resource is allocated to data transmitted on the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). Therefore, it is not feasible to use different time or frequency resources for LTE PUCCH data. Similarly, other systems may deny orthogonal resource transmissions by specifying control, traffic, pilot, etc. data using a single resource. In such systems, other methods for transmit diversity may be helpful.

Referring now to fig. 1, a block diagram of a system 100 that facilitates transmit diversity for communication in a wireless communication system is illustrated. System 100 may include one or more base stations 120 and one or more Wireless Communication Devices (WCDs) 110 (e.g., terminals) that may communicate via respective antennas 126 and 116. In an aspect, the base station 120 may operate as an E-node B. In an aspect, base station 120 may communicate Downlink (DL) to terminal 110 via antenna 126. At terminal 110, the DL communication may be received via antenna 116. DL communications may provide content to WCD 110. The received content transmitted from the base station 120 to the terminal 110 may then be analyzed to determine whether the content was successfully received. In another aspect, terminal 110 may communicate Uplink (UL) to base station 120 via antenna 116. At base station 120, the UL communication may be received via antenna 126. Further, control information, such as CQI, SR, and/or ACK/NACK, may be communicated between base station 120 and terminal 110, where Acknowledgements (ACKs) may be sent for successfully received content and/or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs) may be sent for unsuccessfully received content.

In one aspect, WCD 110 may communicate control information using a transmit diversity scheme 114 facilitated by transmit diversity module 112. Further, the base station 120 can receive the transmitted control information using an agreed upon transmit diversity scheme 124 facilitated by the transmit diversity module 122. Further, the transmit diversity modules (112, 122) may agree on a transmit diversity scheme such as, but not limited to, multi-resource transmit diversity, VTSTD, CDD, STBC diversity, and the like.

In an aspect, the transmit diversity module (112, 122) should also agree on a resource allocation scheduling policy, i.e. a rule to determine cyclic shifts and orthogonal superposition for control information feedback. The scheduling policy may specify a number of resources for the PUCCH channel at the UE. In operation, WCD 110 and base station 120 may agree on one or more Resource Blocks (RBs) to use for communication. Once the one or more RBs are determined, a transmit diversity module (112, 122) may generate a plurality of orthogonal resources. The plurality of resources may be determined based at least in part on the number of WCDs served by the system, prevailing channel conditions, interference levels in the system, multipath scattering, etc., or a combination thereof. To control the multiple resources, the transmit diversity module (112, 122) may assign an appropriate cyclic shift increment (delta) parameter, which may be ascertainedThe minimum time domain interval between different resources employing different cyclic shifts is determined. Since one resource corresponds to one cyclic shift plus one orthogonal superposition, in this way, the number can be passed_{Cyclic shift}Number of X_{Orthogonal superposition distribution}To determine the total number of available resources for transmit diversity. Thus, for example, where 12 cyclic shifts and 3 orthogonal superposition allocations are available, a total of 36 resources may be used in the system. To achieve transmit diversity, at least two such resources (or, for example, more resources for larger multi-antenna transmissions) may be assigned to each WCD served in the system.

Fig. 2 illustrates various methods in accordance with various aspects of the present subject matter. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with the claimed subject matter. Moreover, it should be further appreciated that the methodologies disclosed hereinafter and throughout this specification are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting and transferring such methodologies to computers. The term article of manufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media.

Turning now to fig. 2, an exemplary methodology 200 that facilitates transmit diversity for communications is illustrated. Generally, at reference numeral 202, content is received by a Wireless Communication Device (WCD). In one aspect, the content may be received from a base station, another WCD, or the like. At reference numeral 204, the received content can be processed to generate control information, such as ACK/NACK, CQI, SR, and so forth, wherein an Acknowledgement (ACK) is generated for successfully received content and a Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) is generated for unsuccessfully received content. In one aspect, the following format may be used to format the control information: long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) format 0, 1a, or 1 b; LTE enhanced PUCCH format 1, where enhanced PUCCH format 1 includes additional resources for control information; LTE PUCCH format 2, etc. In another aspect, the generating may further include formatting the control information using the following format: a 1-bit Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) format, a 2-bit Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) format, a 16-bit Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) format, a 64-bit QAM format, and so forth.

At reference numeral 206, a determination is made as to whether the WCD is capable of communicating using a transmit diversity scheme. If at reference numeral 206, it is determined that the WCD cannot communicate using the transmit diversity scheme, then at reference numeral 208, a single resource can be allocated for control information communication, and at reference numeral 210, the single resource response can be transmitted. In an aspect, the transmitted response may be transmitted to a base station, another WCD, and/or the like.

Conversely, if at reference numeral 206, it is determined that the WCD is capable of communicating using a transmit diversity scheme, at reference numeral 212, an agreed upon transmit diversity scheme can be implemented and, in one aspect, a plurality of resources can be allocated for communicating the generated response. In one aspect, a base station selects a transmit diversity scheme to use before communicating with a WCD. In another aspect, the WCD may select from possible transmit diversity schemes compatible with the base station.

At reference numeral 214, a cyclic shift increment parameter can be used to determine a plurality of cyclic shifts that can be used in a response. As the value for the cyclic shift increment parameter decreases, the amount of available resources may increase. The cyclic shift increment parameter can be selected to generate a cyclic shift with a greater or lesser shift, based on the needs of the communication system 100. At reference numeral 214, control information can be assigned to the determined cyclic shift.

Once the transmit diversity scheme is agreed upon and the cyclic shift to be used can be determined by the cyclic shift delta parameter, the WCD can transmit a responsive communication at reference numeral 218. As described herein, the transmitted response may include a plurality of different resources, which may be characterized by different time-domain orthogonal overlays, for example. In one particular example, for LTE with extended cyclic prefix, additional different resources for communicating control information using a transmit diversity scheme may be generated by employing the following time-domain orthogonal superposition for the 4 data SC-FDM symbols in a slot, such as for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b with the same cyclic shift: + + -, and + + - -, which are not used in the LTE release 8 specification.

Additionally and/or alternatively, at reference numeral 220, orthogonal superposition can be applied to the responsive communication. The orthogonal superposition assignment may employ multiple instances of a spreading sequence that repeats over the time resources of the wireless signal. In one aspect, orthogonal superposition (OC), which is typically used to multiplex multiple WCDs on a common resource, may be implemented for multiple transmitters of a transmit diversity configuration. In this aspect, at reference numeral 222, it is determined whether there are any OCs that are available but not currently in use. For example, where the system employs only a portion of the allowed OCs (e.g., based on restrictions on pilot or data symbols on a particular channel), the available OCs may be employed for transmit diversity purposes. If it is determined at reference numeral 222 that no additional OC is available, a response may be sent at reference numeral 218.

Conversely, if at reference numeral 222, it is determined that an additional OC is available, at reference numeral 224, the additional OC can be used to provide additional resources for transmission of control information (such as ACK/NACK, CQI, SR, etc.).

Reference is now made to fig. 3A and 3B, which illustrate exemplary structures used to facilitate various transmit diversity schemes. As briefly discussed above, various transmit diversity schemes may be implemented for communication of control information. Turning now to fig. 3A, a virtual transmit antenna structure 300 is depicted. In one aspect of the architecture, multiple transmit antennas 302 may be used to transmit multiple instances of control information (304, 306) with a transmit diversity scheme. In this aspect, it may be desirable for the precoding vector (e.g., [ a, b ]) to be random for each slot in determining which antenna may be used for communication. In this aspect, the plurality of antennas may be virtual antennas. In another aspect, multiple instances (304, 306) of control information may be encoded by a single SC-FDM symbol. Thus, the multiplexing capability of the system may be unchanged for schemes that allow non-transmit diversity. In one aspect, the virtual transmit antenna structure 300 may be applicable to LTE release 8 formats 1, 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2 b.

Turning now to fig. 3B, a cyclic delay diversity architecture 301 is depicted. Similar to the transmit diversity scheme described above, multiple instances (304, 306) of control information may be encoded on a single SC-FDM symbol. However, unlike the virtual transmit antenna structure 300, the communication of the second instance 306 of control information is delayed using a cyclic delay 308 module. For example, assume that the first instance is sent at time (T) and the second instance is sent at a later time as a function of the cyclic delay (e.g., mod (T-T0, T)). In this way, multiplexing capability may be reduced due to increased channel delay spread. In one aspect, the use of transmit diversity schemes employing cyclic delay diversity may be allowed by changing the cyclic shift increment parameter in LTE release 8. Further, in an aspect, the cyclic delay diversity structure 301 may be applicable to LTE release 8 formats 1, 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2 b.

Referring now to fig. 4, an illustration of a Wireless Communication Device (WCD)400 (e.g., a client device) that can facilitate transmit diversity for communication is presented. WCD 400 includes a receiver 402 that receives one or more signals from, for example, one or more receive antennas (not shown), performs typical actions on (e.g., filters, amplifies, downconverts, etc.) the received signals, and digitizes the conditioned signals to obtain samples. Receiver 402 can also include an oscillator that can provide a carrier frequency for demodulation of received signals and a demodulator that can demodulate received symbols and provide them to processor 406 for channel estimation. In an aspect, client device 400 may also include an auxiliary receiver 452 and may receive additional channels of information.

Processor 406 may be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver 402 and/or generating information for transmission by one or more transmitters 420 (only one transmitter is shown for simplicity of illustration), a processor that controls one or more components of WCD 400, and/or a processor that controls one or more components of WCD 400 as well as both analyzing information received by receiver 402 and/or receiver 452 and generating information for transmission by transmitter 420 and on one or more transmit antennas (not shown).

WCD 400 may additionally include memory 408 that is operatively coupled to processor 406 and that may store data to be transmitted, received data, information related to available channels, data associated with analyzed signal and/or interference strength, information related to an assigned channel, power, rate, etc., and any other suitable information for estimating a channel and communicating via the channel. Memory 408 can additionally store protocols and/or algorithms associated with estimating and/or utilizing a channel (e.g., based on performance, based on capacity, etc.). In one aspect, the memory may include successfully received content 410. In this aspect, successfully received content 410 may include some and/or all of the content transmitted from the base station, other WCDs, and/or the like.

It will be appreciated that the data store (e.g., memory 408) described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM may be available in various forms such as synchronous RAM (sram), dynamic RAM (dram), synchronous dram (sdram), double data rate sdram (ddr sdram), enhanced sdram (esdram), synchronous link (Synchlink) dram (sldram), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 408 of the subject systems and methods is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

WCD 400 may also include a transmit diversity module 412 that facilitates transmit diversity for communications from WCD 400. In one aspect, the information transmitted by the transmit diversity scheme may be in response to content received from a base station, another WCD, or the like. Transmit diversity module 412 may also include a resource allocation module 414 and a cyclic shift increment module 416 and may be operable to facilitate communication with one or more base stations and/or one or more other WCDs using a predetermined transmit diversity scheme. Further, in an aspect, the transmit diversity module 412 can include an orthogonal superposition assignment module 418. Further, in an aspect, processor 406 may provide modules to allow transmit diversity module 412 to process received content, generate control information in response to the processed content, allocate two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme, determine a cyclic shift increment parameter for the allocated resources, and assign the control information to the determined allocated resources.

In an aspect, the resource allocation module 414 may be operable to allocate a plurality of resources to control information to be transmitted using a transmit diversity scheme. In one aspect, the base station may select a transmit diversity scheme to use prior to communicating with WCD 400. In another aspect, the WCD may select from possible transmit diversity schemes compatible with the base station.

In another aspect, the cyclic shift increment parameter module 416 may be operable to determine a plurality of available cyclic shifts for the allocated resource. In this way, the amount of available resources may be increased as the value for the cyclic shift increment parameter is decreased. On the other hand, to increase signal diversity, a larger cyclic shift increment parameter, such as a number of bits of the spreading function, may be selected. Thus, the cyclic shift increment parameter may generate a greater or lesser number of cyclic shifts based on the needs of the communication system.

In another aspect, the orthogonal superposition (OC) assignment module 418 may be operable to determine whether there are additional unused OCs available for resource transmission. The orthogonal superposition assignment may employ multiple instances of a spreading sequence that repeats over the time resources of the wireless signal. In one aspect, orthogonal superposition (OC), which is typically used to multiplex multiple WCDs on a common resource, may be implemented for multiple transmitters of a transmit diversity configuration.

For example, for communications using LTE PUCCH format 1a/1b, 6 Cyclic Shifts (CSs) are available. In the depicted example, three SC-FDM symbols are assumed for control information (e.g., ACK/NACK) and four SC-FDM symbols are assumed for reference signals. Thus, the 6 cyclic shifts multiplied by the 3 possible orthogonal superpositions over the 3 reference symbols equals the 18 available orthogonal resources for reference signal multiplexing. In contrast, 6 cyclic shifts multiplied by 4 orthogonal superpositions over 4 data SC-FDMA symbols equals a total of 24 orthogonal resources for ACK/NACK multiplexing. In certain aspects, for ACK/NACK multiplexing, only 18 resources are available due in part to limitations associated with 18 available resources for reference signals. Thus, in this aspect, 24 minus 18 in the current Rel-8LTE specification leaves 6 orthogonal resources unused, which can be used for control information communication in the LTE-enhanced specification.

Further, client device 400 may include a user interface 440. User interface 440 may include input mechanisms 442 for generating inputs to WCD 400, and output mechanisms 442 for generating information for consumption by a user of wireless device 400. For example, input mechanism 442 may include mechanisms such as keys or a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, and so forth. Further, for example, output mechanism 444 may include a display, an audio speaker, a haptic feedback mechanism, a Personal Area Network (PAN) transceiver, and so forth. In the illustrated aspect, the output mechanism 444 may include a display operable to present content in an image or video format or an audio speaker operable to present content in an audio format.

Referring to fig. 5, an exemplary system 500 is shown that includes a base station having a receiver 510 that receives one or more signals from one or more user devices 400 via a plurality of receive antennas 506 and a transmitter 520 that transmits to one or more user devices 400 via a plurality of transmit antennas 508. Receiver 510 may receive information from receive antennas 506. The symbols may be analyzed by a processor 512 similar to the processors described above, and coupled to a memory 514 that stores information related to the processing of the data. The processor 512 is further coupled to a transmit diversity module 516 that facilitates receiving communications associated with one or more respective user equipment 400 using a transmit diversity scheme. The signals may be multiplexed and/or prepared for transmission by transmitter 520 through one or more transmit antennas 508 to user device 400.

In an aspect, transmit diversity module 516 may include a resource allocation module 517 and a cyclic shift module 518, and may be operable to communicate with one or more WCDs 400 using a predetermined transmit diversity scheme. Further, in an aspect, the transmit diversity module 516 can include an orthogonal superposition assignment module 519. Further, in one aspect of system 500, processor 512 provides means for allowing transmit diversity module 516 to determine whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme, and upon determining that the WCD is capable of transmitting using the transmit diversity scheme, process the received control information using the transmit diversity scheme, a predetermined resource allocation, and a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

In an aspect, resource allocation module 517 may be operative to determine which of a plurality of resources may be used to implement a transmit diversity scheme with WCD 400. In one aspect, base station 502 may select a transmit diversity scheme to use prior to communicating with WCD 400. In another aspect, the WCD may select from possible transmit diversity schemes compatible with the base station.

In another aspect, cyclic prefix delta assignment parameter module 518 may be operable to process resources applied to a determined number of cyclic shifts available for communication. In this way, the amount of available resources may be increased as the value for the cyclic shift increment parameter is decreased. On the other hand, to increase signal diversity, a larger cyclic shift increment parameter, such as a number of bits of the spreading function, may be selected. Thus, the cyclic shift increment parameter may generate a greater or lesser number of cyclic shifts based on the needs of the communication system.

In another aspect, the Orthogonal Cover (OC) assignment module 519 may be operable to determine whether additional unused OCs may be used for resource transmission. The orthogonal superposition assignment may employ multiple instances of a spreading sequence that repeats over the time resources of the wireless signal. In one aspect, orthogonal superposition (OC), which is typically used to multiplex multiple WCDs on a common resource, may be implemented for multiple transmitters of a transmit diversity configuration.

Referring to fig. 6, a block diagram of an exemplary system 600 that facilitates transmit diversity for communication is illustrated. For example, system 600 may reside at least partially within a wireless device. According to another exemplary aspect, system 600 can reside at least partially within an access terminal. It is to be appreciated that system 600 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 600 includes a logical grouping 602 of modules that can act in conjunction. For example, logical grouping 602 can include a module 604 for processing received content. Further, logical grouping 602 can include a module for generating control information in response to the content of the processing 606. In an aspect, the control information may include one or more hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements or negative acknowledgements (ACK/NACK), Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs), Scheduling Requests (SRs). In this aspect, the following format may be used to format the control information: long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) format 0, 1a, or 1 b; LTE enhanced PUCCH format 1, where enhanced PUCCH format 1 includes additional bits for control information; LTE PUCCH format 2, etc. In another aspect, the generating may further include formatting the control information using the following format: a 1-bit Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) format, a 2-bit Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) format, a 16-bit Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) format, a 64-bit QAM format, and so forth.

Further, logical grouping 602 can include a module for allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme 608. In one aspect, the transmitting may further include transmitting using: physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the like. In another aspect, a transmit diversity scheme comprises: a multi-resource transmit diversity scheme, a cyclic delay diversity scheme, a virtual transmitter switch transmit diversity scheme, a space-time block code transmit diversity scheme, etc. In another aspect, the two or more transmit antennas may be selected by at least one of: two or more transmit antennas are selected that correspond to two or more WCD receive antennas used to receive content from the base station, or are selected based on a predetermined configuration known to the WCD and the base station. Further, logical grouping 602 can include a module for determining a cyclic shift 610 by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter.

Additionally, system 600 can include a memory 612 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with modules 604, 606, 608, and 610. While shown as being external to memory 612, it is to be understood that one or more of modules 604, 606, 608, and 610 can exist within memory 612.

Referring to fig. 7, a block diagram of an exemplary system 700 that can handle reduced overhead HARQ communications is illustrated. For example, system 700 can reside at least partially within a base station, E-node B, etc. According to another exemplary aspect, system 700 can reside at least partially within an access terminal. It is to be appreciated that system 700 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 700 includes a logical grouping 702 of modules that can act in conjunction. For instance, logical grouping 702 can include means 704 for determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme. In another aspect, a transmit diversity scheme comprises: a multi-resource transmit diversity scheme, a cyclic delay diversity scheme, a virtual transmitter switch transmit diversity scheme, a space-time block code transmit diversity scheme, etc.

Further, logical grouping 702 can comprise means 706 for processing the received control information using a transmit diversity scheme, two or more resources allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter. In one aspect, the following channels may be used to receive control information: physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the like. In another aspect, the control information may include one or more hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements or negative acknowledgements (ACK/NACK). In this aspect, the following format may be used to format the control information: long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) format 0, 1a, or 1 b; LTE enhanced PUCCH format 1, where enhanced PUCCH format 1 includes additional bits for control information; LTE PUCCH format 2, etc. In another aspect, the generating may further include generating the control information using the following format: a 1-bit Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) format, a 2-bit Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) format, a 16-bit Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) format, a 64-bit QAM format, and so forth.

Additionally, system 700 can include a memory 708 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with modules 704 and 706. While shown as being external to memory 708, it is to be understood that one or more of modules 704 and 706 can exist within memory 708.

As used in this application, the terms "component," "module," "system," and the like are intended to include a computer-related entity, such as but not limited to hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being: a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device itself can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets, e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the internet with other systems by way of the signal.

Further, various aspects are described herein in connection with a terminal, which may be a wired terminal or a wireless terminal. A terminal can also be called a system, device, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, handset, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, communication device, user agent, user device, or User Equipment (UE). A wireless terminal may be a cellular telephone, a satellite telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. Moreover, various aspects are described herein in connection with a base station. A base station may be utilized for communicating with one or more wireless terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, a node B, or some other terminology.

In addition, the term "or" means an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless stated otherwise or clear from context, the phrase "X employs A or B" means any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, X uses A, X to use B or X uses both a and B to satisfy the phrase "X uses a or B". In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims generally mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may use a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRA includes wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. In addition, cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. TDMA systems may use wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). The OFDMA system may use wireless technologies such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16(WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a version of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, and GSM are described in documents of the organization entitled "third Generation partnership project" (3 GPP). Further, cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents of the organization entitled "third generation partnership project 2" (3GPP 2). Further, such wireless communication systems may additionally include peer-to-peer (e.g., mobile-mobile) ad hoc network systems that typically use unlicensed spectrum for non-peer-to-peer, 802.xx wireless LANs, bluetooth, and other short-or long-range wireless communication technologies.

Various aspects or features will be presented in terms of systems that may include a number of devices, components, modules, and the like. It is to be understood and appreciated that the various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or may not include all of the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection with the figures. Combinations of these approaches may also be used.

The various illustrative logical circuits, logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Further, at least one processor may comprise one or more modules operable to perform one or more of the steps and/or actions described above.

Further, the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. In addition, in some aspects, the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. Further, the ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal. Further, in some aspects, the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and/or instructions on a machine readable medium and/or computer readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Moreover, substantially any connection may be termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

While the foregoing disclosure discusses illustrative aspects and/or embodiments, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the described aspects and/or embodiments as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, although elements of the described aspects and/or embodiments may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Additionally, all or a portion of any aspect and/or embodiment may be utilized with all or a portion of any other aspect and/or embodiment, unless stated otherwise.

Claims (35)

1. A method that facilitates transmit diversity for communication, the method comprising:

processing the received content;

generating control information in response to the processed content;

allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme;

determining a cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter;

assigning a first orthogonal superposition (OC) for one of the allocated resources;

determining whether one or more second OCs are available; and

upon determining that one or more second OCs are available, assigning at least one of the one or more second OCs for another of the allocated resources.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving the content from a device configured to process the control information using the transmit diversity scheme; and

transmitting the control information to the apparatus using the transmit diversity scheme using the allocated resources and the determined cyclic shift.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises at least one of:

one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs);

one or more Scheduling Requests (SRs); or

One or more Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information is formatted using at least one of:

a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) allocation that uses 1 or 2 bits to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs;

an LTEPUCCH allocation that transmits the one or more ACKs or NACKs using more than 2 bits; or

LTE PUCCH format 2, wherein the LTE PUCCH format 2 includes an allocation of a plurality of bits and is used to transmit Channel Quality Information (CQI) if the LTE PUCCH format 2 is not used to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting further comprises transmitting using at least one of: a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmit diversity scheme comprises at least one of:

a multi-resource allocation transmit diversity scheme;

a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme;

a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme; or

Space Time Block Code (STBC) transmit diversity scheme.

7. An apparatus that facilitates transmit diversity for communication, comprising:

means for processing the received content;

means for generating control information in response to the processed content;

means for allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme;

means for determining a cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter;

means for assigning a first orthogonal superposition (OC) for one of the allocated resources;

means for determining whether one or more second OCs are available; and

means for assigning at least one of the one or more second OCs for another of the allocated resources upon determining that one or more second OCs are available.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

means for receiving the content from a device configured to process the control information using the transmit diversity scheme; and

means for transmitting the control information to the apparatus using the transmit diversity scheme using the allocated resources and the determined cyclic shift.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the control information comprises at least one of:

one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs);

one or more Scheduling Requests (SRs); or

One or more Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs).

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the control information is formatted using at least one of:

a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) allocation that uses 1 or 2 bits to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs;

an LTEPUCCH allocation that transmits the one or more ACKs or NACKs using more than 2 bits; or

LTE PUCCH format 2, wherein the LTE PUCCH format 2 includes an allocation of a plurality of bits and is used to transmit Channel Quality Information (CQI) if the LTE PUCCH format 2 is not used to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the means for transmitting further comprises means for transmitting using at least one of: a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the transmit diversity scheme comprises at least one of:

a multi-resource allocation transmit diversity scheme;

a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme;

a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme; or

Space Time Block Code (STBC) transmit diversity scheme.

13. A Wireless Communication Device (WCD), comprising:

a transmit diversity module operative to:

processing the received content;

generating control information in response to the processed content;

allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme; and

determining a cyclic shift by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter;

assigning a first orthogonal superposition (OC) for one of the allocated resources;

determining whether one or more second OCs are available; and

upon determining that one or more second OCs are available, assigning at least one of the one or more second OCs for another of the allocated resources.

14. The WCD of claim 13, further comprising:

a transceiver operative to:

receiving the content from a device; and

transmitting the control information to the apparatus using the transmit diversity scheme using the allocated resources and the determined cyclic shift.

15. The WCD of claim 13, wherein the control information comprises at least one of:

one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs);

one or more Scheduling Requests (SRs); or

One or more Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs).

16. The WCD of claim 13, wherein the control information is formatted using at least one of:

a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) allocation that uses 1 or 2 bits to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs;

an LTEPUCCH allocation that transmits the one or more ACKs or NACKs using more than 2 bits; or

LTE PUCCH format 2, wherein the LTE PUCCH format 2 includes an allocation of a plurality of bits and is used to transmit Channel Quality Information (CQI) if the LTE PUCCH format 2 is not used to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs.

17. The WCD of claim 14, wherein the transceiver is further operable for transmitting using at least one of: a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

18. The WCD of claim 13, wherein the transmit diversity scheme comprises at least one of:

a multi-resource allocation transmit diversity scheme;

a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme;

a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme; or

Space Time Block Code (STBC) transmit diversity scheme.

19. A method for receiving communications using a transmit diversity scheme, the method comprising:

determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme; and

processing the received control information using a transmit diversity scheme upon determining that the WCD is capable of transmitting using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter,

wherein the processing further comprises: using at least one orthogonal superposition (OC) assignment for the control information, wherein the at least one OC comprises a first OC assigned for one of the two or more resources and one or more second OCs assigned for another resource based on availability of OCs.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

transmitting content to the WCD.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the control information comprises at least one of:

one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs);

one or more Scheduling Requests (SRs); or

One or more Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs).

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the control information is formatted using at least one of:

a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) allocation that uses 1 or 2 bits to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs;

an LTEPUCCH allocation that transmits the one or more ACKs or NACKs using more than 2 bits; or

LTE PUCCH format 2, wherein the LTE PUCCH format 2 includes an allocation of a plurality of bits and is used to transmit Channel Quality Information (CQI) if the LTE PUCCH format 2 is not used to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the received control information is received using at least one of: a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the transmit diversity scheme comprises at least one of:

a multi-resource allocation transmit diversity scheme;

a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme;

a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme; or

Space Time Block Code (STBC) transmit diversity scheme.

25. An apparatus for receiving communications using a transmit diversity scheme, comprising:

means for determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme; and

means for processing the received control information using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter,

wherein the means for processing further comprises means for using at least one orthogonal superposition (OC) assignment for the control information, wherein the at least one OC comprises a first OC assigned for one of the two or more resources and one or more second OCs assigned for another resource based on availability of OCs.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:

means for transmitting content to the WCD.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the control information comprises at least one of:

one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs);

one or more Scheduling Requests (SRs); or

One or more Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs).

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the control information is formatted using at least one of:

a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) allocation that uses 1 or 2 bits to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs;

an LTEPUCCH allocation that transmits the one or more ACKs or NACKs using more than 2 bits; or

LTE PUCCH format 2, wherein the LTE PUCCH format 2 includes an allocation of a plurality of bits and is used to transmit Channel Quality Information (CQI) if the LTE PUCCH format 2 is not used to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs.

29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the transmit diversity scheme comprises at least one of:

a multi-resource allocation transmit diversity scheme;

a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme;

a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme; or

Space Time Block Code (STBC) transmit diversity scheme.

30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the received control information is received using at least one of: a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

31. A base station, comprising:

a transmit diversity module operative to:

determining whether a Wireless Communication Device (WCD) is capable of transmitting using a transmit diversity scheme;

and

processing the received control information using a transmit diversity scheme upon determining that the WCD is capable of transmitting using the transmit diversity scheme, wherein two or more resources are allocated to a cyclic shift determined by applying a predetermined cyclic shift increment parameter,

wherein the processing further comprises using at least one orthogonal superposition (OC) assignment for the control information, wherein the at least one OC comprises a first OC assigned for one of the two or more resources and one or more second OCs assigned for another resource based on availability of OCs.

32. The base station of claim 31, further comprising:

a transmitter operative to transmit content to the WCD.

33. The base station of claim 31, wherein the control information comprises at least one of:

one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs);

one or more Scheduling Requests (SRs); or

One or more Acknowledgements (ACKs) or Negative Acknowledgements (NACKs).

34. The base station of claim 31, wherein the control information is formatted using at least one of:

a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) allocation that uses 1 or 2 bits to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs;

an LTEPUCCH allocation that transmits the one or more ACKs or NACKs using more than 2 bits; or

LTE PUCCH format 2, wherein the LTE PUCCH format 2 includes an allocation of a plurality of bits and is used to transmit Channel Quality Information (CQI) if the LTE PUCCH format 2 is not used to transmit the one or more ACKs or NACKs.

35. The base station of claim 31, wherein the transmit diversity scheme comprises at least one of:

a multi-resource allocation transmit diversity scheme;

a Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) scheme;

a Virtual Transmitter Switched Transmit Diversity (VTSTD) scheme; or

Space Time Block Code (STBC) transmit diversity scheme.