HK1162809B - Support for multiple access modes for home base stations - Google Patents

Description

Support of multiple access modes for home base stations

Claiming priority based on 35U.S.C. § 119

This patent application claims priority from provisional application No.61/110,436 entitled "METHOD, APPATUS, AND SYSTEM TO ENABLE SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE ACCESS MODES FOR HOME BASE STATIONS" filed on 31.10.2008 AND provisional application No.61/140,591 entitled "METHOD, APPATUS, ANDSYSTEM TO ENABLE SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE ACCESS MODES BASE STATIONS" filed on 23.12.2008. The above-mentioned provisional applications are all assigned to the assignee of the present application and are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.

Technical Field

The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to supporting multiple access modes for a base station in a wireless communication environment.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed today to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data, and so on. A typical wireless communication system may be a multiple-access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, and the like. Additionally, these systems may conform to specifications such as third generation partnership project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and/or multicarrier wireless specifications such as evolution-data optimized (EV-DO), one or more modified versions thereof, and/or the like.

In general, a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple mobile devices. Each mobile device may communicate with one or more base stations via transmissions on forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from base stations to mobile devices, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from mobile devices to base stations. Moreover, communications between mobile devices and base stations can be established via single-input single-output (SISO) systems, multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and so forth. Further, mobile devices can communicate with other mobile devices (and/or base stations with other base stations) in peer-to-peer wireless network configurations.

In general, heterogeneous wireless communication systems may include various types of base stations, each associated with a different cell size. For example, macrocell base stations typically use antennas mounted on pin poles, rooftops, other existing structures, and the like. Furthermore, macrocell base stations often have power outputs on the order of tens of watts, which can provide coverage for larger areas. A femtocell base station is another type of base station that has recently emerged. Typically, femtocell base stations are used in residential or small business environments, which are capable of providing wireless coverage to mobile devices for communicating with them using wireless technologies (e.g., 3GPP Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or Long Term Evolution (LTE), 1x evolution data optimized (1xEV-DO),. and existing broadband internet connections (e.g., Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable,. for backhaul)). Femtocell base stations may also be referred to as home evolved node bs (henbs), home node bs (hnbs), femtocells, and so on. Examples of other types of base stations include picocell base stations, and so forth.

In addition, the base station may use different access modes. Thus, some base stations in a heterogeneous wireless communication system allow access by substantially any mobile device, while different base stations allow access by authorized mobile devices other than unauthorized mobile devices. In general, using different access modes for a base station adversely affects various non-access stratum (NAS) procedures for a mobile device. For example, when different access modes are used, the common approach may affect access control, paging, and white list management.

Disclosure of Invention

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In accordance with one or more embodiments and corresponding disclosure thereof, various aspects of the present application are described in connection with supporting multiple access modes for a base station in a wireless communication environment. The base station may use a hybrid, closed or open access mode. The whitelist of mobile devices includes a list of Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifiers (IDs) that the mobile device can utilize to determine whether it can access the cell that is broadcasting the CSG ID. After the UE successfully registers with the base station, a white list of mobile devices can be selectively updated to include the CSG ID of the base station. For example, the CSG ID of the base station may be added to a whitelist when the base station operates in a closed access mode, and the addition of the CSG ID may be ignored when the base station operates in a hybrid access mode. According to another example, the CSG ID may be selectively added according to the received accept cause value. Additionally or alternatively, a CSG ID or access mode indicator may be transmitted from a base station to a network node for performing access control and/or paging optimization at the network node.

According to a related aspect, the present application provides a method comprising: performing manual CSG selection with a mobile device to select a cell of a base station that advertises a CSG identified by a CSG ID; determining whether the base station allows the member of the advertised CSG to access the cell or allows both the member and non-member of the advertised CSG to access the cell. The method further comprises the following steps: initiating registration at a cell of the selected base station; when the registration is successful and the CSG ID is not in a white list of the mobile device, determining whether to update the white list to include the CSG ID.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: performing manual CSG selection; registration occurs at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station corresponds to the advertised CSG identified by the CSG ID. The at least one processor is further configured to: identifying whether the manually selected base station is grouped in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode; selecting whether to add the CSG ID to a whitelist of a mobile device when registration is successful in the selected base station and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The device includes: means for performing manual CSG selection; means for registering at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with a advertised CSG identified by a CSG ID. The device also includes: means for adding the CSG ID to a whitelist upon successful registration when the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is not on the whitelist.

Another aspect relates to a computer program product having a computer-readable medium, wherein the computer-readable medium comprises: code for causing at least one computer to implement manual CSG selection; code for causing at least one computer to register at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with a published CSG identified by a CSG ID. The computer readable medium further comprises: code for causing at least one computer to detect whether the selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode; code for causing at least one computer to include the CSG ID in a whitelist after successful registration when the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is determined not to be in the whitelist.

Furthermore, another aspect relates to an apparatus comprising: a selecting component for performing manual CSG selection; a registration component that registers at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with the advertised CSG identified by the CSG ID. The device also includes: a mode detection component for identifying whether the manually selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode; a list management component to update a whitelist to include the CSGID upon successful registration when the manually selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist, and to refrain from updating the whitelist when the manually selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode.

According to another aspect, the present application provides a method comprising: initiating a registration at a base station with a mobile device, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a CSG ID, the base station allowing member and non-member access to the CSG; receiving an indication in the response to the registration, wherein the indication indicates whether the mobile device is a member of the advertised CSG. The method further comprises the following steps: determining whether to update a whitelist to include the CSG ID based at least in part on the indication.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: registering in a base station, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a CSG ID that is not in a whitelist of a mobile device. The at least one processor is further configured to: controlling updating of the whitelist in accordance with a response received during registration with the base station, wherein the response indicates whether to add the CSG ID to the whitelist of the mobile device or to forgo adding the CSG ID to the whitelist of the mobile device.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The device includes: a registration module to register with a base station, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a CSG ID that is not on a white list. The device also includes: a management module to manage updating of the whitelist according to a registration response, wherein the registration response indicates whether a mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG.

Another aspect relates to a computer program product having a computer-readable medium, wherein the computer-readable medium comprises: code for causing at least one computer to implement manual CSG selection; code for causing at least one computer to register with a base station, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a CSG ID, the base station allowing member and non-member access to the CSG. The computer readable medium further comprises: code for causing at least one computer to control including a CSG ID of the base station into a whitelist of mobile devices as a function of a registration response, wherein the registration response indicates whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG.

Furthermore, another aspect relates to an apparatus comprising: a selecting component for selecting a base station, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a CSG ID, which the base station allows access to members and non-members of the CSG. The device also includes: a registration component for initiating registration at the base station; a list management component to selectively update a whitelist to include the CSG ID based on a received registration response, wherein the registration response indicates whether a mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG.

According to a further aspect, the present application provides a method comprising: transmitting, from a base station, a CSG ID to a network node, wherein the network node performs at least one of access control or paging optimization. The method further comprises the following steps: transmitting an access mode indicator from the base station to the network node along with the CSG ID.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: transmitting, from a base station, a CSG ID to a network node, wherein the network node performs at least one of access control or paging optimization. The at least one processor is further configured to: transmitting an access mode indicator from the base station to the network node along with the CSG ID.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The device includes: means for transmitting the CSGID from the base station to the network node. The device also includes: means for sending an access mode indicator from the base station to the network node along with the CSG ID.

Another aspect relates to a computer program product having a computer-readable medium, wherein the computer-readable medium comprises: code for causing at least one computer to receive a request from a mobile device at a base station. The computer readable medium further comprises: code for causing at least one computer to transmit a CSG ID associated with the base station, an access mode indicator associated with the base station, and the request to a network node, wherein the network node performs at least one of access control or paging optimization.

Furthermore, another aspect relates to an apparatus comprising: a request receiving component for obtaining a request from a mobile device at a base station. The device also includes: a forwarding component to send the request, a CSG ID associated with the base station, and an access mode indicator associated with the base station to a network node, wherein the network node implements at least one of access control or paging optimization.

According to another aspect, the present application provides a method comprising: a CSG ID corresponding to a base station is received at a network node from the base station. The method further comprises the following steps: receiving, at the network node from the base station, an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station along with the CSGID.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus includes at least one processor configured to: a CSG ID corresponding to a base station is obtained at a network node. The at least one processor is further configured to: obtaining, at the network node, an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station along with the CSG ID.

Another aspect relates to an apparatus. The device includes: means for receiving, at a network node, a CSG ID corresponding to a base station. The device also includes: means for receiving, at the network node, an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station along with the CSG ID.

Another aspect relates to a computer program product having a computer-readable medium, wherein the computer-readable medium comprises: code for causing at least one computer to receive, at a network node, a CSG ID corresponding to a base station. The computer readable medium further comprises: code for causing at least one computer to receive, at the network node, an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station along with the CSG ID.

Furthermore, another aspect relates to an apparatus comprising: an information collection component that receives the CSG ID and the access mode indicator from the base station. The device also includes: a selective analysis component for detecting whether to evaluate the CSG ID received from the base station based on the access mode indicator received from the base station.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of these various aspects may be employed and the description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

Drawings

Fig. 1 depicts a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects set forth herein.

Fig. 2 depicts an exemplary system that facilitates managing a whitelist of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment, wherein the whitelist of mobile devices includes Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifiers (IDs).

Fig. 3 depicts an exemplary system that indicates an access mode utilized by a base station to at least one disparate network entity in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 4 depicts an exemplary call flow diagram for access control at a CSG cell.

Fig. 5 depicts an example system that arranges access point base stations (e.g., femtocell base stations, etc.) in a network environment.

Fig. 6 depicts an exemplary system that provides Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) support in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 7 depicts an example methodology that facilitates managing a whitelist of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 8 depicts an example methodology that facilitates controlling update of a whitelist of a mobile device in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 9 depicts an example methodology that facilitates supporting access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 10 is an illustration of an example methodology that facilitates access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 11 depicts an example mobile device that manages a whitelist including CSG IDs in a wireless communication system.

Fig. 12 depicts an example system that supports multiple access modes in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 13 is an illustration of an example wireless network environment that can be employed in conjunction with the various systems and methods described herein.

Fig. 14 depicts an exemplary system that enables updating a white list of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 15 depicts an exemplary system that enables managing a white list of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 16 depicts an example system that enables supporting access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 17 depicts an example system that enables access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment.

Detailed Description

Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect(s) may be practiced without these specific details.

As used in this application, the terms "component," "module," "system," and the like are intended to include a computer-related entity, either hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being: a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of example, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures thereon. The components may communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the internet with other systems by way of the signal).

Further, various aspects are described herein in connection with a terminal (which may be a wired terminal or a wireless terminal). A terminal can also be called a system, device, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, communication device, user agent, user device, or User Equipment (UE). A wireless terminal may be a cellular telephone, a satellite telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. Moreover, various aspects are described herein in connection with a base station. A base station may be used for communicating with wireless terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, a node B, an evolved node B (eNode B, eNB), a femtocell, a picocell, a microcell, a macrocell, a home evolved node B (henb), a home node B (hnb), or some other terminology.

Furthermore, the term "or" means an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless stated otherwise or clear from context, "X employs A or B" means any natural or permutation. That is, if X employs A; b is used as X; or X employs A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the above examples. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SD-FDMA), and others. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, and so on. UTRA includes wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. In addition, CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. TDMA systems may implement radio technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). The OFDMA system may implement radio technologies such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16(WiMAX), IEEE802.20, flash-OFDM, and so on. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS employing E-UTRA, which uses OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "third Generation partnership project" (3 GPP). In addition, CDMA2000 and Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project 2" (3GPP 2). In addition, these wireless communication systems may also include peer-to-peer (e.g., mobile-to-mobile) ad hoc network systems that typically use unpaired unlicensed spectrum, 802.xx wireless LANs, bluetooth, and any other short-range or long-range wireless communication technologies.

Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) uses single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization. SC-FDMA has similar performance and substantially the same overall complexity as the technology of OFDMA systems. The SC-FDMA signal has a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) due to its inherent single carrier structure. For example, SC-FDMA can be used in uplink communications where a lower PAPR greatly benefits access terminals in terms of transmit power efficiency. Thus, SC-FDMA may be implemented as an uplink multiple access scheme in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) or evolved UTRA.

Moreover, various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk (CD), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., EPROM, card, stick, key drive, etc.). In addition, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" can include, but is not limited to: wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and/or carrying instruction(s) and/or data.

Referring now to fig. 1, a wireless communication system 100 is shown in accordance with various embodiments presented herein. System 100 includes a base station 102 that can have multiple antenna groups. For example, one antenna group can include antennas 104 and 106, another group can include antennas 108 and 110, and an additional group can include antennas 112 and 114. Although two antennas are shown for each antenna group; however, more or fewer antennas may be used for each group. Base station 102 can additionally include a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, each of which can in turn comprise a plurality of components associated with signal transmission and reception (e.g., processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.), as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art.

Base station 102 can communicate with one or more mobile devices, such as mobile device 116 and mobile device 122; however, it should be appreciated that base station 102 can communicate with virtually any number of mobile devices similar to mobile devices 116 and 122. Mobile devices 116 and 122 can be, for example, cellular phones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems, PDAs, and/or any other suitable device for communicating over wireless communication system 100. As depicted, mobile device 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to mobile device 116 over a forward link 118 and receive information from mobile device 116 over a reverse link 120. In addition, mobile device 122 is in communication with antennas 104 and 106, where antennas 104 and 106 transmit information to mobile device 122 over a forward link 124 and receive information from mobile device 122 over a reverse link 126. In a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, forward link 118 can utilize a different frequency band than that used by reverse link 120, and forward link 124 can employ a different frequency band than that employed by reverse link 126, for example. Further, in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, forward link 118 and reverse link 120 can utilize a common frequency band and forward link 124 and reverse link 126 can utilize a common frequency band.

The antenna groups and/or the area in which they are designated to communicate can be referred to as a sector of base station 102. For example, antenna groups can be designed to communicate to mobile devices in a sector of the areas covered by base station 102. In communication over forward links 118 and 124, the transmitting antennas of base station 102 can utilize beamforming to improve signal-to-noise ratio of forward links 118 and 124 for mobile devices 116 and 122. Moreover, when base station 102 utilizes beamforming to transmit to mobile devices 116 and 122 scattered randomly through an associated coverage, mobile devices in neighboring cells can be subject to less interference as compared to a base station transmitting through a single antenna to all its mobile devices.

It is contemplated that base station 102 may be any type of base station (e.g., a macrocell base station, a microcell base station, a picocell base station, a femtocell base station). Further, the base station 102 is capable of operating in a particular access mode of a set of possible access modes. The set of possible access modes may include a closed access mode, a hybrid access mode, an open access mode. When using closed access mode, the base station 102 may operate as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) base station to which a selected group of users identified by a CSG Identifier (ID) is allowed access. Further, when using the hybrid access mode, the base station 102 may operate as a hybrid base station (e.g., the base station 102 publishes its CSG ID so that non-CSG members are allowed access in addition to CSG members). In the hybrid access mode almost any subscriber is allowed to access the base station, but the CSGID may also be published such that a group of selected subscribers has specific rights, e.g. a specific service, priority, higher service rate, different access, etc. Further, when using the open access mode, the base station 102 may operate as a non-CSG base station (e.g., an open base station, etc.).

The base station 102 may be a CSG base station, a hybrid base station, or an open base station, depending on the access mode used. A CSG base station refers to a base station having a restricted association that is accessible by members of a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) (e.g., members that are not CSG may not access, etc.). CSG base stations may also be referred to as closed base stations. The CSG is a set of base stations that share a common access control list for the mobile device. Further, the CSG base station can expose a corresponding CSG ID (e.g., CSG identity, etc.) to the public, wherein the CSGID indicates the CSG corresponding to the CSG base station. An open base station refers to a base station with unrestricted association. For example, the open base station may forgo publishing the CSG ID. In addition, the hybrid base station may disclose the CSG ID to the public, which allows member and non-member access of the CSG associated with the CSG ID. For example, the hybrid base station may support preferential billing for the member as compared to the non-member. According to another example, the hybrid base station may provide a higher priority to the members than to the non-members (e.g., if there is a lack of resources, the non-members drop before the members, etc.). As a further example, the hybrid base station may provide a higher quality of service (QoS) level to the members than to the non-members. However, it is contemplated that the present invention is not limited to the examples described above.

The base station 102 may broadcast information to the mobile devices 116, 122. For example, the broadcasted information may include a CSG ID that identifies the CSG associated with the base station 102. Further, the broadcasted information may include an access mode indicator that indicates the access mode used by the base station 102. For example, the access mode indicator may be a CSG indication that distinguishes between base stations 102 that allow access only to members of the CSG and that allow access to both members and non-members of the CSG. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited by the foregoing description.

The system 100 can support white list management, access control, and/or paging optimization for mobile devices 116, 122 when the base station 102 operates in a particular access mode of a set of possible access modes. For example, when the mobile device performs manual selection, the system 100 enables the mobile device (e.g., mobile device 116, mobile device 122, etc.) to identify whether the CSG ID is included in the whitelist. As another example, when a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 116, mobile device 122, etc.) requests access to base station 102, then base station 102 can forward the CSGID (if any) and an access mode indicator corresponding to base station 102 to a network node performing access control. According to another example, the CSG ID (if any) and an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station 102 can be transmitted to a network node that performs paging optimization (e.g., paging filtering at a network entity, etc.).

The CSG ID is a binary-based identifier associated with the subscriber group. The CSG ID may be used to identify a user group (e.g., CSG, etc.) associated with the CSG base station or the hybrid base station and may be used to support restricted association of the CSG base station. The CSG ID uniquely identifies the CSG associated with the CSG base station or hybrid base station; however, the present invention is not so limited. In addition, the CSG ID associated with a base station is not typically based on an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Further, it is contemplated that more than one base station may share a common CSG ID; however, the present invention is not so limited.

From the perspective of the mobile devices 116, 122, the CSG base station (e.g., base station 102, etc.) can be a home base station, a guest (guest) base station, or an alien (alien) base station. A home base station refers to a CSG base station to which the mobile device 116, 122 is authorized to access. A visitor base station refers to a CSG base station to which the mobile device 116, 122 is temporarily authorized to access. Further, a foreign base station refers to a CSG base station to which the mobile device 116, 122 is not authorized to access.

Further, from the perspective of a CSG base station (e.g., base station 102, etc.), each mobile device 116, 122 can be a home mobile device, a guest mobile device, or an alien mobile device. A home mobile device refers to a mobile device that is authorized for access. Further, a guest mobile device refers to a mobile device that is temporarily authorized for access. Further, a foreign mobile device refers to a mobile device that is not authorized for access.

Referring to fig. 2, illustrated is a system 200 that facilitates managing a whitelist of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment, wherein the whitelist of mobile devices includes a closed subscriber group identifier (CSG ID). System 200 includes a base station 202 that can transmit and/or receive information, signals, data, instructions, commands, bits, symbols, and the like. Moreover, although not shown, system 200 can include any number of disparate base stations substantially similar to base station 202. Base station 202 can communicate with mobile device 204 via a forward link and/or a reverse link. Mobile device 204 can transmit and/or receive information, signals, data, instructions, commands, bits, symbols, and the like. Further, although not shown, it is contemplated that any number of mobile devices similar to mobile device 204 may be included in system 200. Further, it is contemplated that base station 202 can be any type of base station (e.g., femtocell base station, picocell base station, microcell base station, macrocell base station, etc.).

According to one example, base station 202 may be a CSG base station, a hybrid base station, or an open base station; thus, the base station 202 may operate in one of a closed access mode, a hybrid access mode, or an open access mode. For example, if base station 202 is a CSG base station or a hybrid base station, then base station 202 is associated with a CSG, which is identified by a CSG ID. For example, a CSG may be uniquely identified by a CSG ID. According to another example, the CSG may be uniquely identified by a CSG ID in the operator network. According to another example, the disparate base stations (not shown) included in system 200 can be CSG base stations, hybrid base stations, and/or open base stations. Thus, system 200 may use a hybrid arrangement of base stations in which some base stations are hybrid base stations and other base stations are CSG base stations or open base stations. According to this example, different base stations, being CSG base stations or hybrid base stations, may be associated with respective CSGs, each of which corresponds to a respective CSG ID.

Base station 202 can also include an identity publication component 206 and a schema disclosure component 208. Identity publishing component 206 may send a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifier (ID) that identifies the CSG corresponding to base station 202. The identity publishing component 206 may send the CSG ID over the downlink. Mobile device 204 can use the CSG ID communicated over the downlink to identify whether it is a member or a non-member of the CSG corresponding to base station 202. According to one example, an open CSG ID can be provided for an open base station (e.g., if base station 202 is an open base station, etc.), which can be exposed to public by identity publishing component 206; further, each user may be a member of the CSG corresponding to the open CSG ID. As another example, the hybrid base station (e.g., if base station 202 is a hybrid base station, etc.) can employ an open CSG ID or a unique CSGID issued by the identification publishing component 206. According to this example, each user may be a member of a CSG associated with an open CSG ID, and a subset of users may be members of the CSG corresponding to the unique CSG ID. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing examples.

Further, the mode disclosure component 208 may transmit the access mode indicator over a downlink. The access mode indicator may indicate the access mode used by base station 202. For example, the access mode indicator may comprise one or more bits. For example, the access mode indicator may indicate that the base station 202 uses one of a closed access mode, a hybrid access mode, or an open access mode. As another example, the access mode indicator can be utilized when the base station 202 utilizes a hybrid access mode, and the mode disclosure component 208 need not transmit the access mode indicator when the base station 202 operates in a closed access mode or an open access mode. According to another example, the access mode indicator may be a CSG indication sent over the downlink. The CSG indication may distinguish between base stations 202 that are CSG base stations and hybrid base stations. Further, the CSG indication generated by pattern publishing component 208 can indicate whether base station 202 allows access to only members of the CSG associated with the advertised CSG ID (which was sent by identification publishing component 206) or allows access to both members and non-members of the CSG associated with the advertised CSG ID (which was sent by identification publishing component 206). In another aspect, the access mode indicator may have a two bit size, where one bit indicates whether the base station is closed (e.g., only members of the CSG are allowed access) and another bit indicates whether the base station publishes the CSGID. For this example, a hybrid mode is implied where the base station is not closed and the CSG ID is public.

Mobile device 204 can include a selection component 210, a pattern detection component 212, a registration component 214, and a list management component 216. Selection component 210 can perform manual Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) selection for camping on a manually selected base station (e.g., base station 202, etc.). However, it is contemplated that selecting component 210 can perform automatic CSG selection. When manual CSG selection is used, selecting component 210 can search for available base stations (e.g., base station 202, a disparate base station, etc.). Further, selection component 210 can detect a selectable set of available base stations and receive an input identifying a base station that is manually selected among the set of available base stations.

According to an example, selection component 210 can obtain a advertised CSG ID that identifies a CSG corresponding to base station 202 (e.g., and advertised CSG IDs of one or more disparate base stations) when searching for available neighbor base stations. However, it should be appreciated that base station 202 may lack an association with each CSG (e.g., if base station 202 uses open access mode, etc.), and thus forgo to disclose the CSG ID to the public.

Further, selection component 210 can obtain input related to a manually selected base station of the set of available base stations. For example, the input may be manually generated by the user. According to this example, selection component 210 can display (e.g., via a Graphical User Interface (GUI), etc.) a list of available base stations in the set for selection and receive an input identifying a manually selected base station in response to the displayed list.

Further, mode detection component 212 can identify various access modes utilized by available base stations. For example, mode detecting component 212 can determine whether a manually selected base station (e.g., selected using selecting component 210.) allows access to a member of the CSG or allows access to both a member and a non-member of the CSG. Accordingly, mode detecting component 212 can identify whether the manually selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode (e.g., allowing member access of a CSG, etc.) or in a closed access mode (e.g., allowing member and non-member access of a CSG, etc.).

Mode detecting component 212 may detect an access mode used by base station 202 based on an access mode indicator (e.g., CSG indication, etc.) obtained from base station 202 (e.g., transmitted over the downlink by mode disclosing component 208). The access mode indicator may distinguish between base stations 202 that only allow access to members of a CSG (identified by the advertised CSG ID) and that allow access to members and non-members of the CSG (identified by the advertised CSG ID).

Registration component 214 can initiate registration on a manually selected base station. Registration component 214 can send a request to reside on a manually selected base station (e.g., in response to input collected by selection component 210 identifying the manually selected base station). Further, when registration is successful, registration component 214 can receive an indication that successful camping on the manually selected base station and providing the CSG ID of the manually selected base station. Further, registration component 214 can perform a location registration procedure when registering in a manually selected base station. For example, the location registration procedure may be a Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure, a Routing Area Update (RAU) procedure, a Location Area Update (LAU) procedure, a connection procedure, and the like.

As an example, the manually selected base station on which registration component 214 initiated registration can be associated with a CSG identified by a CSG ID that is not included in whitelist 218 of mobile device 204. According to this example, the published CSG ID obtained from the base station 202 may not match the CSG ID included in the whitelist 218.

Further, list management component 216 can read information from whitelist 218 and/or write information to whitelist 218. For example, list management component 216 can selectively update whitelist 218 by reading information from whitelist 218 and/or writing information to whitelist 218 when registration performed by registration component 214 is successful.

According to an example, when the manually selected base station is operating in a closed access mode (e.g., when registration is successful), list management component 216 can update whitelist 218 to add the CSG ID of the manually selected base station (e.g., selected by selection component 210). Further, according to this example, list management component 216 refrains from updating whitelist 218 (e.g., ignoring the addition of CSG IDs of manually selected base stations) when the manually selected base stations are operating in hybrid access mode (e.g., when registration is successful). Thus, depending on whether the mode detection component 212 determines that the manually selected base station allows access to members of the CSG (e.g., operating in closed access mode, etc.) or to both members and non-members of the CSG (e.g., operating in hybrid access mode, etc.), when registration is successful, the list management component 216 can determine whether to update the whitelist 218 to include the CSG ID of the manually selected base station. Thus, list management component 216 can update whitelist 218 for CSG base stations, while not updating whitelist 218 for hybrid base stations. By not updating whitelist 218 to include a CSG ID for the hybrid base station, system 200 can mitigate erroneously updating whitelist 218 to include a CSG ID for a CSG of which mobile device 204 (or a user thereof) is not a member.

According to the above example, when performing manual selection, list management component 216 can ignore including the CSG ID of a hybrid access mode base station in whitelist 218 of mobile device 204. The CSG ID is prohibited from being added because the associated CSG may include a hybrid base station and a CSG base station. If list management component 216 would not include the CSG ID in whitelist 218 when reselecting to a hybrid access mode base station, mobile device 204 can potentially reselect to a CSG base station in the CSG at a later time without registration. If mobile device 204 is not actually a member of the CSG, mobile device 204 may not be aware that it is outside of the coverage area (e.g., cannot be paged, etc.) before mobile device 204 reselects or performs access at the CSG base station. Thus, according to this example, if the manual selection performed at the CSG base station for that CSG is successful (e.g., or if updated by application layer signaling.. multidot.), list management component 216 adds the CSG ID for the manually selected base station.

As another example, depending on a received accept cause value (accept cause value) indicating whether mobile device 204 is a member of a CSG or a non-member of a CSG, list managing component 216 can selectively update whitelist 218 to include the CSG ID of the manually selected base station (e.g., upon successful registration, when the manually selected base station operates in a hybrid access mode, etc.). For example, an acceptance cause value indicating whether the mobile device 204 is a member of the CSG can be obtained by the list management component 216. Further, when the accept cause value indicates that the CSG ID is to be added, list managing component 216 can update whitelist 218 to include the CSG ID. Further, list management component 216 can refrain from updating whitelist 218 to include the CSG ID when the accept cause value indicates to forgo adding the CSG ID. According to the above-described examples, the accept cause value may be provided to indicate that the CSG ID of a base station operating in hybrid access mode is in a white list (e.g., operator CSG list, etc.) of the mobile device 204 during network connection, service request, and tracking area update procedures. Thus, for example, a network node such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a mobile switching center/visitor location register (MSC/VLR), or a serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) support node (SGSN) may include an accept cause value in a NAS signaling response to indicate that the mobile device 204 should add the CSG ID to the whitelist 218 (if the CSG ID does not already exist).

The whitelist 218 may be an allowed CSG list, an operator CSG list, or the like. The white list 218 may be stored in a memory (not shown) of the mobile device 204. According to another example (not shown), the whitelist 218 may be maintained on a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or a universal SIM (usim) associated with the mobile device 204. The white list 218 may also be maintained in the network (e.g., managed by a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) (not shown), by a Mobility Management Entity (MME) (not shown) for accepting or rejecting access, along with other user profile information) for access control, as described herein. White list 218 may be used to manage cell selection preferences and may include a set of authorized CSG IDs that a user (e.g., associated with mobile device 204). White list 218 may identify base stations (e.g., closed, mixed, open, etc.) that allow access and/or priority access for a user (e.g., for access control and/or specific billing purposes, etc.). For example, if the mobile device 204 prefers access to a hybrid base station associated with another CSG (which the mobile device is a member of) as compared to a hybrid base station corresponding to one CSG (which the mobile device 204 is not a member of), the whitelist 218 may include the CSG ID of the hybrid base station. Further, the white list 218 may include the CSG ID of the CSG base station. The ordering of the CSG IDs in whitelist 218 may indicate a priority (e.g., the CSG IDs may be stored in whitelist 218 in order of priority). Further, base stations with entries in the white list 218 are preferred over other base stations not included in the white list 218.

According to another example, the whitelist 218 may include CSG ID entries for appropriate cells. The whitelist 218 may be created from the provided CSG ID. According to another example, it is contemplated that whitelist 218 may be supplemented with a blacklist (e.g., a blacklist for roaming.); however, the present invention is not so limited.

The white list 218 may be operator and user controlled. Thus, the subscriber may add entries to the whitelist 218 and delete entries from the whitelist 218. Such operator-related user control and user-controlled approaches can provide flexibility in access control while providing synchronization between the mobile device 204 and the whitelist 218 maintained by the network (e.g., HSS, MME, etc.). It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not so limited, as it is contemplated that the white list 218 may be operator controlled, such that the operator maintains control of the white list 218 while prohibiting subscribers from adding and deleting entries in the white list 218.

For example, the whitelist 218 may be stored in a memory (not shown) of the mobile device 204. The memory may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (prom), electrically programmable ROM (eprom), electrically erasable prom (eeprom), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Synchronous RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory of the subject systems and methods is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

Referring now to fig. 3, illustrated is a system 300 that indicates an access mode utilized by a base station to at least one disparate network entity in a wireless communication environment. System 300 includes base station 202 and mobile device 204. Further, the system 300 comprises a network node 302. Base station 202 and network node 302 may communicate directly or indirectly; however, the invention is not so limited. The network node 302 may implement at least one of access control or paging optimization. For example, the network node 302 may be a Mobile Management Entity (MME), a home evolved node B gateway (HeNB GW), a home node B gateway (hnbgw), a mobile switching center/visitor location register (MSC/VLR), a serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) support node (SGSN), and so forth.

Base station 202 can include an identification publishing component 206 that can send a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifier (ID) to mobile device 204, wherein the CSG ID identifies a CSG corresponding to base station 202. Further, base station 202 can include a mode disclosure component 208 that can transmit an access mode indicator to mobile device 204 over a downlink indicating an access mode employed by base station 202. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing examples.

Further, base station 202 can include a request receiving component 304 and a forwarding component 306. The request receiving component 304 can obtain a request from the mobile device 204 (e.g., when the mobile device 204 initiates establishment of a connection, etc.). For example, the request obtained by the request receiving component 304 from the mobile device 204 can be a Tracking Area Update (TAU) request message. According to an example, along with the TAU request message, request receiving component 304 can obtain an indication of the selected network from mobile device 204. Thus, the network node 302 may be identified based on a Globally Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI) and an indication of the selected network. However, according to another example, the identification of network node 302 need not be implemented. As further examples, the request received by the request receiving component 304 from the mobile device 204 can be a service request, a connection request, a detach request, and the like; however, it should be understood that the invention is not so limited.

Forwarding component 306 may send the request to network node 302 (e.g., forwarding component 306 may send a TAU request message to network node 302, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, forwarding component 306 can send the CSG ID associated with base station 202 and the access mode indicator associated with base station 202 to network node 302. According to an example, the access mode indicator sent by forwarding component 306 indicates that base station 202 uses one of open access mode, hybrid access mode, or closed access mode. As another example, forwarding component 306 can selectively transmit the access mode indicator to indicate that base station 202 uses the hybrid access mode, and forwarding component 306 can ignore transmitting the access mode indicator when base station 202 operates in the open access mode or the closed access mode.

As an example, when mobile device 204 establishes a connection or when base station 202 establishes a connection, forwarding component 306 can send a CSG ID associated with base station 202 and an access mode indicator associated with base station 202 to network node 302. For example, base station 202 can choose to establish a connection with network node 302 and send the CSG ID and access mode indicator to network node 302 in a setup request message using forwarding component 306; however, the present invention is not so limited.

The network node 302 may also include an information collection component 308 and a selectivity analysis component 310. Information collection component 308 can receive the CSG ID and the access mode indicator (e.g., transmitted by forwarding component 306, etc.) from base station 202. Information collection component 308 can receive the CSG ID and the access mode indicator when mobile device 204 establishes a connection, base station 202 establishes a connection, and the like.

Further, selective analysis component 310 can detect whether to evaluate the CSG ID received from base station 202 based on the access mode indicator received from base station 202. For example, selective analysis component 310 can detect whether to evaluate the CSG ID for at least one of access control or paging filtering. Further, selective analysis component 310 can detect whether base station 202 operates in a closed access mode, a hybrid access mode, or an open access mode based on an access mode indicator obtained from base station 202.

According to an example, selective analysis component 310 can detect whether to perform access control for a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 204, etc.) attempting to access base station 202 based upon an access mode indicator. According to this example, when the access mode indicator corresponding to base station 202 identifies that base station 202 is operating in a closed access mode, selective analysis component 310 can evaluate whether the CSG ID received from base station 202 by information collection component 308 is located in a whitelist (e.g., a whitelist maintained by network node 302, which can be an operator CSG list, etc.) corresponding to mobile device 204. Further, continuing the example, selective analysis component 310 can forgo analysis of the CSG ID when an access mode indicator corresponding to base station 202 identifies that base station 202 is operating in an open access mode or a hybrid access mode. Thus, in accordance with the access mode indicator, network node 302 uses selective analysis component 310 to determine whether to perform access control based on the CSG ID (e.g., check whether mobile device 204 is a member of the CSG corresponding to the CSG ID when the CSG ID exists, etc.).

As another example, selective analysis component 310 can selectively implement paging filtering based on an access mode indicator when identifying whether to page a mobile device at base station 202. Accordingly, when the access mode indicator corresponding to base station 202 identifies that base station 202 is operating in closed access mode, selective analysis component 310 can detect whether the CSG ID of base station 202 is in a whitelist corresponding to mobile device 204. If base station 202 is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID of base station 202 is on a white list corresponding to mobile device 204 (e.g., mobile device 204 is a member of the CSG corresponding to the CSG ID, etc.), mobile device 204 can be paged at base station 202. Alternatively, if base station 202 is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID of base station 202 is not included in a whitelist corresponding to mobile device 204 (e.g., mobile device 204 is a non-member of the CSG corresponding to the CSG ID, etc.), paging of mobile device 204 can be prohibited at base station 202. Further, selective analysis component 310 can omit evaluating the CSG ID of base station 202 when an access mode indicator corresponding to base station 202 indicates that base station 202 operates in an open access mode or a hybrid access mode. Thus, if base station 202 is operating in a hybrid access mode or an open access mode, mobile device 204 can be paged at base station 202 regardless of whether the CSG ID of base station 202 is included in a whitelist corresponding to mobile device 204 (e.g., mobile device 204 can be a member and a non-member of the CSG corresponding to the CSG ID, etc.).

For access control, information collecting component 308 of network node 302 implementing access control can receive the CSG ID of base station 202 when mobile device 204 performs access. Further, information collecting component 308 can obtain an access mode indicator along with the CSG ID. Accordingly, selective analysis component 310 can identify to check whether the CSG ID of base station 202 is in the whitelist of mobile device 204 based on the access mode of base station 202. For closed access mode, the network node 302 may perform access control based on the CSG ID, while for open or hybrid access mode, the CSG ID of the base station 202 need not be evaluated. To support access control for different access modes, when the CSG ID of the base station 202 is communicated between the base station 202 and the network node 302 and utilized for access control, the base station 202 (e.g., forwarding component 306, etc.) can send an access mode indicator (e.g., indicating a closed access mode, a hybrid access mode, or an open access mode, etc.) to the network node 302 (e.g., information collecting component 308, etc.). Further, it is contemplated that when operating in open access mode, base station 202 need not have a CSG ID, so the access mode indicator can be transmitted without transmitting the CSG ID (e.g., using forwarding component 306, etc.); however, the present invention is not so limited.

When implementing paging optimization to reduce paging load (e.g., paging filtering, etc.), network node 302 performing paging filtering can use selectivity analysis component 310 to detect whether mobile device 204 can camp on base station 202 in idle mode in order to decide whether to send a paging request. For example, the network node 302 may be an MME, HNB GW, HeNB GW, or the like. For base station 202 operating in closed access mode, network node 302 can determine whether the CSG ID of base station 202 is in the white list of mobile device 204. If an access mode indicator is transmitted along with the CSG ID (e.g., transmitted by forwarding component 306 of base station 202 to information collection component 308 of network node 302, etc.), for paging filtering, network node 302 can identify to check whether the CSG ID of base station 202 is in the whitelist of mobile device 204 based on the access mode of base station 202. For closed access mode, the network node 302 may perform paging filtering based on the CSG ID, while for open or hybrid access mode, the network node 302 need not perform paging filtering (e.g., because any mobile device may register at a base station operating in open access mode or hybrid access mode, page the mobile device at the base station, etc.). To support paging for different access modes, an access mode indicator (e.g., indicating closed access mode, hybrid access mode, or open access mode, etc.) can be sent by base station 202 (e.g., forwarding component 306, etc.) to network node 302 (e.g., information collecting component 308, etc.) when the CSG ID of base station 202 is communicated between base station 202 and network node 302 and utilized for paging filtering. Further, it is contemplated that when operating in open access mode, base station 202 need not have a CSG ID, so the access mode indicator can be sent without sending a CSGID (e.g., using forwarding component 306, etc.); however, the present invention is not so limited.

Turning now to fig. 4, an example call flow diagram 400 is depicted for access control at a CSG cell. For example, as part of a Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure, signaling can be implemented between a mobile device (e.g., mobile device 204 of fig. 2, etc.), a base station (e.g., base station 202 of fig. 2, a HeNB, request receiving component 304 and forwarding component 306 of fig. 3, etc.), and a Mobility Management Entity (MME). At 402, the mobile device may detect a change in a different Tracking Area (TA). At 404, the mobile device initiates a TAU procedure by sending a TAU request message to the base station with an indication of the selected network. At 406, the base station may derive the MME from the selected network of Globally Unique Temporary Identities (GUTI) and indications. Further, the base station may forward the TAU request message to the MME along with the CSG ID of the base station and the access mode indicator of the base station. At 408, the MME may detect whether the whitelist included in the subscription data of the mobile device includes the CSG ID of the base station by using the CSG ID of the serving cell provided along with the TAU request message according to the access mode indicator, as described herein. When the base station operates in closed access mode, the MME denies network access initiated by the mobile device (not shown) if the CSG ID does not match an entry in the whitelist. Alternatively, at 410, when the base station operates in closed access mode, the MME may send a TAU accept message to the mobile device if the CSG ID matches an entry in the whitelist (or if the base station operates in open access mode or hybrid access mode). Further optionally, at 412, if the GUTI or non-access stratum (NAS) security algorithm is included in the TAU accept message, the mobile device may acknowledge the received message by returning a TAU complete message to the MME.

When the base station operates in closed access mode, the MME may return a reject message to the mobile device in the event that tracking area update operation is rejected because the CSG ID of the CSG cell is not in the white list of the mobile device (as identified at 408). The reject message may include a cause value #25 (e.g., CSG not allowed in Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), etc.), so the S1 connection may be released. Further, upon returning to idle, the mobile device can remove the CSG ID of the CSG cell (if present) from the whitelist.

According to another example, location registration may be implemented using Location Area Code (LAC)/Routing Area Code (RAC)/Tracking Area Code (TAC) -based registration. To support CSG based access control, each CSG may belong to a unique LAC/RAC/TAC. Upon selection of a base station (e.g., base station 202 of fig. 2), the mobile device performs location registration when the base station belongs to a new LAC/RAC/TAC. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing examples.

Various examples are given below. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and the present invention is not limited by the following examples. Furthermore, many of the following examples relate to generation of preferences, selection of henbs, and/or access; however, it should be understood that these examples may be extended to the selection and/or access of other types of base stations (e.g., HNBs, macrocell base stations, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, etc.).

As an example, in response to a detected display order of base stations (e.g., base station 202 and a disparate base station (not shown)), mobile device 204 (e.g., selection component 210 of fig. 2, etc.) can manually select (or reselect) access base station 202 based on a user input. For example, the display order of the detected base stations may include an indication of whether each detected base station allows access to members of the CSG or allows access to both members and non-members of the CSG. According to one example, manual HeNB selection or reselection may be implemented by mobile device 204. In manual HeNB selection (reselection), the mobile device 204 may scan and present a list of HeNB identifiers (HeNBID) for detected henbs. The HeNB ID (e.g., home node B name, etc.) is a text-based identifier corresponding to a corresponding CSG ID, which may be used for manual cell selection. Thus, according to one example, a target HeNB (e.g., base station 202, etc.) may be associated with a given HeNB ID. Furthermore, the HeNB ID may be unique as well as the way the registration ID is unique. The HeNB ID may be transmitted through the SIBn and/or may be configured by the user in connection with OAM; however, the present invention is not so limited. Further, the list displayed by the mobile device 204 may be presented in the following order. The HeNB IDs of cells whose CSG IDs are included in a whitelist (e.g., whitelist 218 of fig. 2, etc.) may be listed in the same order as specified in the whitelist, if possible. If more than one HeNB shares the same CSG ID, and if their HNB IDs are the same, then mobile device 204 may display the HeNB with the best Radio Frequency (RF) quality. Furthermore, if more than one HeNB share the same CSG ID, and if their HeNB IDs differ from each other, mobile device 204 may display the HeNB IDs belonging to the common CSG in order of their RF quality (from best to worst). Thereafter, the list may include other HeNB IDs in order of RF quality (from best to worst) that include closed henbs that do not appear in the whitelist. The inclusion of other HeNB IDs not included in the whitelist allows the user to attempt to select (reselect) a HeNB if the whitelist stored by the mobile device 204 is not synchronized with the version of the whitelist maintained in the network. This lack of synchronization may be due to delays or temporary failures in updating the whitelist maintained by the mobile device 204. Further, as part of the manual selection, mobile device 204 may indicate whether the HeNB is hybrid or closed. In addition, the mobile device 204 may display the availability and/or relative signal strength (e.g., signal bars, etc.) of the macro coverage area and the HeNB ID to assist the user in making selection decisions. After the user selects an HeNB, mobile device 204 may attempt to reselect the selected HeNB. It should be noted that mobile device 204 may not be able to remain on the selected HeNB depending on channel conditions. After manual selection, automatic selection (reselection) rules may be applied as part of the idle mode procedure and result in the selection (reselection) of a different HeNB. Further, if no HeNB is detectable, the manual selection procedure ends and the mobile device 204 remains in the current cell.

The HeNB may broadcast the HeNB ID in a free text format. When mobile device 204 is camped on a cell broadcasting a HeNB ID, mobile device 204 can display the HeNB ID. Furthermore, the HeNBID may be configured by the administrator of the HeNB. Further, the HeNB ID may be correlated with the stored CSG ID.

As a further example, for manual selection and provisioning, the CSG HeNB may be identified by a CSG ID. CSG henbs that advertise the same CSG ID may have different HeNB IDs. Furthermore, the HeNB ID need not be listened to by mobile device 204 for restricted association. Whereas, typically, the HeNB ID is used for display purposes and manual selection. Further, HeNB IDs are transmitted very sparsely (e.g., on the order of seconds, etc.). This example may yield advantages related to not needing to listen for HeNB IDs to decide to switch in idle state or connected state. However, the above-described examples may lead to difficulties associated with manually providing numbers. Furthermore, CSG IDs cannot be used to support registration for enterprise models.

According to another example, the mobile device 204 (e.g., the selection component 210, etc.) can implement automatic base station selection (or reselection). For example, mobile device 204 may perform automatic HeNB selection or reselection; however, the present invention is not so limited. In automatic HeNB selection (reselection), mobile device 204 may implement the following actions. A HeNB is discovered (e.g., identified by a HeNB indicator in SIB11 transmitted by the serving cell, etc.), and the CSG indicator and CSG ID corresponding to the detected HeNB are recognized. The HeNB indicator may distinguish the HeNB from macro enbs in the neighbor list and set for the entire carrier frequency dedicated for HeNB placement. The measured cells may be ranked after identifying the CSG indicator and CSG ID associated with the detected HeNB. Furthermore, closed henbs that are not included in the white list may be removed from the ordering queue without limiting their operating frequency. In addition, the highest ranked cell may be reselected.

Fig. 5 depicts an exemplary communication system 500 that enables arranging access point base stations (e.g., femtocell base stations, etc.) in a network environment. As shown in fig. 5, system 500 includes a plurality of femtocell base stations, which may also be referred to as access point base stations, home evolved node B units (henbs), home node B units (HNBs), femtocells, and so on. For example, femtocell base stations (henbs 510) are each installed in a respective small-scale network environment (e.g., one or more user residences 530) and are used to serve associated and alien mobile devices 520. Each HeNB510 may also be coupled to the internet 540 and mobile operator core network 550 via a DSL router (not shown) or a cable modem (not shown).

Although the embodiments described herein use 3GPP terminology, it should be understood that these embodiments may apply to 3GPP (Rel99, Rel5, Rel6, Rel7) technologies as well as 3GPP2(1xRTT, 1xEV-DO Rel0, RevA, RevB) technologies and other well-known and related technologies. In the embodiments described herein, the owner of HeNB510 may subscribe to mobile services (e.g., 3G mobile services provided through mobile operator core network 550), and mobile device 520 may be capable of operating in a macro-cellular environment through macro-cell base station 560 as well as in a residential small-scale network environment. HeNB510 may thus be backward compatible with any existing mobile device 520. It is contemplated that HeNB510 may include a CSG HeNB, a hybrid HeNB, and/or an open HeNB.

Referring now to fig. 6, an example system 600 that provides Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) support in a wireless communication environment is illustrated. System 600 depicts an example architecture model that may be used in connection with HeNB602 (e.g., HeNB510 of fig. 5, base station 202 of fig. 2, etc.). However, it is contemplated that different architectural models also fall within the scope of the appended claims. For example, although not shown, it is contemplated that different architectures supporting the use of CSG with HNBs, macrocell base stations, or any other type of base station also fall within the scope of the present invention.

According to one example, HeNB602 may be located at a user's premises; however, the present invention is not so limited. HeNB602 may provide evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) eNB functionality as well as functionality to support HeNB authentication, HeNB registration, and HeNB configuration through operations and maintenance (OAM).

HeNB602 may communicate in system 600 directly or indirectly with various nodes of a core network (e.g., an packet core Evolution (EPC), etc.). For example, the nodes of the core network may include a packet data network gateway (PGW)604, a Serving Gateway (SGW)606, a Mobility Management Entity (MME)608, and a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 610. Although not shown, it is contemplated that system 600 may include more than one PGW604, SGW 606, MME608, and/or HSS 610.

The PGW604 may interact with external Packet Data Networks (PDNs), such as the internet 612 and/or IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 614. Further, although not shown, the PGW604 may additionally or alternatively interact with an intranet or any different PDN. For example, the PGW604 may handle address assignment, policy enforcement, packet classification and routing, and so on.

The SGW 606 is associated with the user plane, which is the anchor point for the mobile. SGW 606 is directed to a user's serving base station (e.g., HeNB602, a different HeNB, a different eNB, etc.) (e.g., using mobile device 616, etc.). Thus, after handover to a different base station, the SGW 606 may redirect to a different base station. Furthermore, SGW 606 may enable routing of data to an appropriate base station (e.g., HeNB602, etc.) serving mobile device 616 at a given time.

MME608 is associated with the control plane. MME608 may support control plane signaling for mobility, quality of service (QoS) initialization, user authentication, and so on. In addition, the HSS 610 may store various subscription information, such as phone numbers, profiles, and so on.

The system 600 includes various interfaces between nodes. For example, an S6a interface may connect MME608 and HSS 610, and an S5/S8 interface may connect SGW 606 and PGW 604. Furthermore, an S1-U interface may connect HeNB602 and SGW 606, an S11 interface may couple SGW 606 and MME608, and an S1-MME interface may connect HeNB602 and MME 608. Further, PGW604 may be connected to a PDN (e.g., internet 612, IMS 614, etc.) through respective SGi interfaces, and HeNB602 and mobile device 616 may be coupled through an E-UTRA-Uu interface. In addition, MME608 is associated with the S10 interface.

The HSS 610 may also be connected directly or indirectly to CSG provisioning network elements, namely a CSG management server 618 and a CSG list server 620. The CSG management server 618 may support a CSG management function, which may be used to manage a subscriber list for a CSG (e.g., an access control list for a CSG, etc.). For example, an owner of HeNB602 may interact with CSG management server 618 via an interface (e.g., a Graphical User Interface (GUI), a website, etc.) to add a user to or delete a user included in a CSG associated with HeNB 602. In accordance with these changes, the CSG management server 618 may update the HSS 610 to adjust the subscription information of the user according to the modification.

Further, CSG list server 620 provides UE CSG provisioning functionality for managing a White List (WL) (e.g., an allowed CSG list, etc.) of mobile device 616 (and/or any disparate mobile devices (not shown)). The CSG list server 620 can notify the mobile device 616 that it is a member of a particular group (e.g., a particular CSG, etc.). In addition, when a subscription is updated by the CSG management server 618, the HSS 610 may store subscription information corresponding to the update. Further, updating the subscription information in the HSS 610 may trigger transmission of a message to the CSG list server 620, which causes the CSG list server 620 to use open mobile alliance device management (OMA-DM) processing to transmit the modified subscription information to the mobile device 616 in the downlink. Accordingly, CSG list server 620 may synchronize subscription information maintained by HSS 610 with subscription information maintained by mobile device 616 (e.g., stored in memory of mobile device 616, stored on a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or a universal SIM (usim) associated with mobile device 616).

Various logical network protocol functions between the mobile device 616 and the core network element may be implemented in the system 600 to support CSG. For example, these logical network protocol functions may include UE CSG provisioning functions, access control functions, mobility management functions, and CSG management functions.

The UE CSG provisioning function may manage a white list of mobile devices 616. The whitelist is a list of CSG IDs; the mobile device 616 is able to access CSG cells having CSG IDs included in the whitelist. A white list may be stored in the network for access control purposes, and the white list may be stored by the mobile device 616 to enable selection of a cell for access. The white list in the network is permanently stored in the HSS 610 and is acquired by the MME608 for access control during attach, detach, service request and tracking area update procedures. The whitelist at the mobile device 616 may be stored on the USIM of the mobile device 616 or on a memory of the mobile device 616.

The access control function may ensure that when a mobile device makes an access, the mobile device has a valid subscription at the CSG. During attach, detach, service request, and tracking area update procedures, MME608 may perform access control for mobile devices 616 accessing the network through the CSG cell. Further, for connection, service request, and/or tracking area update procedures, MME608 can include a reject cause value in a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling response when mobile device 616 is identified as not allowed in the CSG.

In addition, mobility management functions can be used to keep track of the current location of the mobile device 616. The network may know the location of the mobile device 616 in an idle state based on tracking area list granularity (granularity). Thus, when the mobile device 616 is in an idle state, it may be paged in all cells of the tracking area list received at the last tracking area update.

Further, the CSG management function may manage a subscriber list of the CSG. The CSG management function may be owned by the operator or a third party. For example, a single list may control the HeNB of a CSG. Furthermore, a HeNB that publishes the same CSG ID may have a single subscriber list.

As described above, the HSS 610 may permanently maintain CSG subscription information. Further, as part of the subscription profile of the mobile device 616, the MME608 may obtain the CSG subscription information during an attach procedure or a tracking area update procedure. MME608 may perform access control using the obtained CSG subscription information. For example, MME608 may perform access control since access control is a NAS layer procedure and MME608 is a NAS endpoint in the core network. In addition, MME608 may obtain and store a copy of the white list for mobile device 616 (e.g., the white list may be stored as part of the user subscription information). Further, when mobile device 616 makes an access, MME608 knows the CSG ID of the CSG cell in order to implement access control.

Although the present application describes access control for a CSG AS being performed at the NAS, it is contemplated that access control for a CSG may be performed at the Access Stratum (AS). Access control at the AS may be implemented in a Radio Network Controller (RNC) function in HeNB602 (or a related function in a HeNB gateway (not shown)). However, it should be understood that the invention is not so limited.

Other examples related to CSG usage are described generally below. It is contemplated that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and that the present invention is not limited by these examples.

CSG base stations may be associated with various characteristics. For example, CSG base stations may be disposed at a single frequency or multiple frequencies (e.g., CSG base station/hybrid base station/open base station frequencies may overlap, etc.). Further, the CSG base station may broadcast sufficient information so that the mobile device may determine that it is a CSG base station and determine whether it is a home base station, a visitor base station, or a foreign base station without accessing the CSG base station. Further, when a mobile device attempts access, the CSG base station may determine whether the mobile device is a home, visitor, or foreign mobile device. The CSG base station may support use by a guest mobile device, allowing the mobile device to access emergency services, while rejecting the foreign mobile device by preventing the foreign mobile device from attempting to access again. Further, the mobile device may determine whether the CSG base station is a home base station, a visitor base station, or a foreign base station without performing access. The mobile device may be provided with a list of allowed home base stations and guest base stations. The mobile device does not need to distinguish between the home base station and the visitor base station. Furthermore, in general, the mobile device should not seek to access foreign base stations (e.g., in addition to emergency services). Moreover, while in the idle state, the mobile device should generally not camp on a foreign base station (e.g., unless the foreign base station is allowed to page the mobile device). The mobile device may have a list of home base stations and guest base stations that are independent of the PLMN identification.

The CSG base station may support varying types of association. For example, full association may be provided at a CSG base station for a home or guest mobile device. Such mobile devices with full association may camp on and be paged in an idle state and establish a call/session (e.g., connection, etc.) from the CSG base station. Further, signaling associations or restricted associations may be supported for foreign mobile devices at the CSG base station. Signaling associations (e.g., semi-open, etc.) may allow a mobile device to camp on and be paged (e.g., but not accessible, etc.) in an idle state and/or access foreign base stations (e.g., manage interference to access another base station) for NAS and/or Radio Resource Control (RRC) control plane signaling. Furthermore, in general, in the case of restricted association, the mobile device does not access a foreign base station and does not camp on that base station in the idle state.

Referring to fig. 7-10, methodologies relating to supporting multiple access modes in a wireless communication environment are illustrated. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more embodiments.

Turning to fig. 7, a methodology 700 that facilitates managing a white list of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment is illustrated. At 702, a mobile device can perform manual Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) selection to select a cell of a base station that publishes a CSG identified by a CSG Identifier (ID). For example, scanning for available base stations or related cells that advertise CSGs identified by respective CSG IDs may be implemented. Further, a list can be displayed that includes at least one of the respective CSG IDs that is associated with at least one of the available base stations. Further, an input may be received that identifies the selected base station from a list of available base stations. Alternatively, it is contemplated that automatic CSG selection may be performed; however, the present invention is not so limited. At 704, a determination is made as to whether the selected base station allows members of the advertised CSG access to the cell or allows both members and non-members of the advertised CSG access to the cell. Such determination may be accomplished, for example, based on a published CSG indication (e.g., received from the base station, etc.). Accordingly, an access mode (e.g., hybrid access mode, closed access mode, open access mode, etc.) used by the selected base station (e.g., for the cell) may be identified. At 706, registration is initiated at the cell of the selected base station. Further, registering can include sending a request to camp on the selected base station, receiving an indication of successful camping on the manually selected base station. Further, registering can include performing a location registration procedure at the selected base station. For example, the location registration procedure may be a tracking area update procedure, a routing area update procedure, a location area update procedure, and the like. At 708, when registration is successful and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist of the mobile device, it is determined whether to update the whitelist to include the CSG ID. The white list may be, for example, an allowed CSG list, an operator CSG list, or the like. The white list may be updated by writing to the white list. According to an example, when the selected base station operates in closed access mode, the CSG ID of the selected base station can be added to the whitelist upon successful registration. As another example, when the selected base station operates in the hybrid access mode, the CSG ID of the selected base station is prohibited from being added to the whitelist after successful registration.

Referring to fig. 8, illustrated is a methodology 800 that facilitates controlling update of a whitelist of a mobile device in a wireless communication environment. At 802, registration is initiated with a mobile device at a base station that publishes a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) identified by a CSG Identifier (ID), which the base station allows access to members and non-members of the CSG. The base station that allows member and non-member access of the CSG may operate in a hybrid access mode. According to one example, automatic CSG selection can be used to select the base station. As another example, manual CSG selection may be used to select the base station. Continuing the example, a selectable set of available base stations can be detected and an input can be received, wherein the input identifies the base station from the set of available base stations. Further, it can be detected that the base station operates in a hybrid access mode and allows access to both members and non-members of the CSG. Further, the registering may include: a request is sent to camp on the base station, an indication is received indicating successful camping on the base station and providing the CSG ID for the base station. As another example, a location registration procedure may be performed to register with the base station. For example, the location registration procedure may be a tracking area update procedure, a routing area update procedure, a location area update procedure, and the like. At 804, an indication in a response to the registration is received that indicates whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG. For example, the response may be an accept cause value, which may correspond to whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG. At 806, a whitelist is updated to include the CSG ID based at least in part on the indication (e.g., when an accept cause value indicates that the CSG ID is added). For example, the whitelist may be an allowed CSG list, an operator CSG list, and the like. Further, when the acceptance cause value indicates to forgo adding the CSG ID, updating the whitelist to include the CSG ID is prohibited.

Turning now to fig. 9, a methodology 900 that facilitates supporting access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment is illustrated. At 902, a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifier (ID) is transmitted from a base station to a network node. The network node may perform at least one of access control or paging optimization. By way of example, the network node may be a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a home evolved node B gateway (HeNB GW), a home node B gateway (hnbgw), a mobile switching center/visitor location register (MSC/VLR), a serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) support node (SGSN), and so forth. At 904, an access mode indicator is sent from the base station to the network node along with the CSG ID. For example, the access mode indicator may indicate whether the base station uses open access mode, hybrid access mode, or closed access mode. As another example, the access mode indicator indicates that the base station uses a hybrid access mode.

According to an example, a Tracking Area Update (TAU) request message may be received from a mobile device. Further, the TAU request message and the CSG ID and access mode indicator of the base station may be forwarded to the network node. Further, it is contemplated that an indication of the selected network may be received from the mobile device with the TAU request message, and the network node may be identified based on a Globally Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI) and the indication of the selected network. According to another example, a service request, a connection request, and/or a detach request may be received from a mobile device. Continuing with the example, the service request, connection request, and/or detach request may be forwarded to a network node along with the CSG ID of the base station and the access mode indicator. As another example, the selection to establish a connection with the network node is generated (e.g., by a base station, etc.), and the CSG ID and the access mode indicator may be transmitted to the network node in a setup request message.

Referring to fig. 10, illustrated is a methodology 1000 that facilitates access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment. At 1002, a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifier (ID) corresponding to a base station is received at a network node from the base station. For example, the network node may be a Mobile Management Entity (MME), a home evolved node B gateway (HeNB GW), a home node B gateway (hnbgw), a mobile switching center/visitor location register (MSC/VLR), a serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) support node (SGSN), and so forth. At 1004, an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station is received at the network node from the base station along with the CSG ID. As an example, the CSG ID and the access mode indicator can be received when the mobile device establishes a connection, when the base station establishes a connection with a network node, and/or the like. In addition, the access mode indicator may indicate whether the base station uses an open access mode, a hybrid access mode, or a closed access mode. According to another example, the access mode indicator indicates that the base station uses a hybrid access mode.

According to an example, whether to perform access control can be detected for a mobile device attempting to access the base station based on the access mode indicator. Continuing with the example, when the access mode indicator corresponding to the base station identifies that the base station is operating in closed access mode, an evaluation of whether the CSG ID is in a whitelist for this mobile device can be performed. Further, the analysis of the CSG ID is ignored when an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station identifies that the base station is operating in an open access mode or a hybrid access mode.

As another example, paging filtering is selectively performed based on the access mode indicator when it is identified whether the mobile device is being paged at the base station. Thus, when the access mode indicator corresponding to the base station identifies that the base station is operating in closed access mode, it can be detected whether the CSG ID is in the whitelist of this mobile device. Further, the evaluation of the CSG ID is ignored when an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station identifies that the base station is operating in an open access mode or a hybrid access mode.

It is to be appreciated that, in accordance with one or more aspects described herein, inferences can be made regarding: enabling management of a white list of a mobile device, performing access control in a wireless communication environment that supports multiple access modes, and/or using paging filtering. As used herein, the term to "infer" or "inference" refers generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic-that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-layer events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and stored event data come from one or several event and data sources.

Fig. 11 depicts a mobile device 1100 that manages a whitelist including Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifiers (IDs) in a wireless communication environment. Mobile device 1100 includes a receiver 1102 that receives a signal from, for instance, a receive antenna (not shown), performs typical operations on (e.g., filters, amplifies, downconverts, etc.) the received signal, and digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain samples. Receiver 1102 can be, for example, an MMSE receiver, and can comprise a demodulator 1104 that can demodulate received symbols and provide them to a processor 1106 for channel estimation. According to an example, receiver 1102 can obtain advertised CSG IDs that identify the CSG corresponding to the base station and an access mode indicator that distinguishes whether the base station operates in a hybrid access mode, a closed access mode, or an open access mode. Processor 1106 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver 1102 and/or generating information for transmission by a transmitter 1116, a processor that controls one or more components of mobile device 1100, and/or a processor that both analyzes information received by receiver 1102, generates information for transmission by transmitter 1116, and controls one or more components of mobile device 1100.

Moreover, mobile device 1100 may also include a memory 1108 operatively coupled to processor 1106, memory 1108 may store data to be transmitted, received data, and any other suitable information related to performing the various actions and functions described herein. For example, memory 1108 can store protocols and/or algorithms related to analyzing the obtained CSG ID and access mode indicator. Additionally, memory 1108 may also store protocols and/or algorithms associated with performing the following operations: the method includes selecting a base station (e.g., by manual or automatic CSG selection, etc.), determining whether the base station allows access by members of the CSG or both members and non-members of the CSG, initiating registration on the selected base station, and selectively updating a white list to include the CSG ID of the base station after successful registration. Further, memory 1108 can include a white list (e.g., white list 218 of fig. 2, a list of allowed CSGs, etc.).

It will be appreciated that the data store (e.g., memory 1108) described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of example, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of example, and not limitation, RAM may be available in a variety of forms such as Synchronous RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1108 of the subject systems and methods is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

The processor 1106 can be operatively coupled to a registration component 1110 and/or a list management component 1112. Registration component 1110 can be substantially similar to registration component of fig. 2, and/or list management component 1112 can be substantially similar to list management component 216 of fig. 2. Registration component 1110 can initiate registration at a base station associated with a CSG identified by a CSG ID not included in the whitelist (e.g., stored in memory 1108, etc.). In addition, the list management component 216 can selectively update the whitelist. According to an example, list managing component 216 can update the whitelist to include the CSG ID after successful registration when the base station operates in a closed access mode, and list managing component 216 refrains from updating the whitelist when the base station operates in a hybrid access mode. As another example, list managing component 216 can selectively update a whitelist to include the CSGID of the base station based on a received accept cause value indicating whether mobile device 1100 is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG. Although not shown, it is to be appreciated that mobile device 1100 can further include a selection component (e.g., substantially similar to selection component 210 of FIG. 2, etc.) and/or a pattern detection component (e.g., substantially similar to pattern detection component 212 of FIG. 2, etc.). Mobile device 1100 also comprises a modulator 1114 and a transmitter 1116 for transmitting data, signals, etc. to the base stations. Although registration component 1110, list management component 1112, and/or modulator 1114 are depicted as being separate from processor 1106, it is to be appreciated that the aforementioned components can be part of processor 1106 or a plurality of processors (not shown).

Fig. 12 illustrates a system 1200 that supports multiple access modes in a wireless communication environment. System 1200 includes a base station 1202 (e.g., access point, etc.) that has a receiver 1210 that receives signal(s) from one or more mobile devices 1204 via a plurality of receive antennas 1206 and a transmitter 1224 that transmits signal(s) to one or more mobile devices 1204 via a transmit antenna 1208. Receiver 1210 can receive information from receive antennas 1206, receiver 1210 can be operatively associated with a demodulator 1212 that demodulates received information. Demodulated symbols can be analyzed by a processor 1214 (which can be similar to the processor described above with respect to fig. 11), processor 1214 can be coupled to a memory 1216, memory 1216 can store data to be transmitted to, and/or received from, mobile device 1204, and/or any other suitable information related to performing the various acts and functions described herein. Processor 1214 is further coupled to a request receiving component 1218 and/or a forwarding component 1220. Request receiving component 1218 may be substantially similar to request receiving component 304 of fig. 3, and/or forwarding component 1220 may be substantially similar to forwarding component 306 of fig. 3. Request receiving component 1218 can obtain the request from a mobile device (e.g., one of mobile devices 1204, etc.) at base station 1202. For example, it is contemplated that request receiving component 1218 can be part of receiver 1210; however, the present invention is not so limited. Further, forwarding component 1220 can send the request, the CSG ID associated with base station 1202, and the access mode indicator associated with base station 1202 to a network node that implements at least one of access control or paging optimization. Further, although not shown, it is to be appreciated that base station 1202 can further include an identity publication component (which can be substantially similar to identity publication component 206 of fig. 2) and/or a schema disclosure component (which can be substantially similar to schema disclosure component 208 of fig. 2). Base station 1202 can also include a modulator 1222. Modulator 1222 can multiplex a frame for transmission by a transmitter 1224 through antenna 1208 to mobile device 1204, as described supra. Although depicted as being separate from the processor 1214, it is to be appreciated that the request receiving component 1218, forwarding component 1220, and/or modulator 1222 can be part of the processor 1214 or a number of processors (not shown).

Fig. 13 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication system 1300. For simplicity, the wireless communication system 1300 depicts one base station 1310 and one mobile device 1350. However, it is to be appreciated that system 1300 can include more than one base station and/or more than one mobile device, wherein other base stations and/or mobile devices can be substantially similar or different from example base station 1310 and mobile device 1350 described below. Moreover, it is to be appreciated that base station 1310 and/or mobile device 1350 can employ the systems (FIGS. 1-3, 5-6, 11-12, and 14-17) and/or methods (FIGS. 7-10) described herein to facilitate wireless communication there between.

At base station 1310, traffic data for a number of data streams can be provided from a data source 1312 to a Transmit (TX) data processor 1314. According to an example, each data stream can be transmitted over a respective antenna. TX data processor 1314 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.

The coded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. Additionally or alternatively, the pilot symbols may be Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM), Time Division Multiplexed (TDM), or Code Division Multiplexed (CDM). The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used at mobile device 1350 to estimate channel response. The multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream can be modulated (e.g., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), etc.) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions performed or provided by processor 1330.

The modulation symbols for the data streams can be provided to a TX MIMO processor 1320, and the modulation symbols can be further processed (e.g., OFDM) by TX MIMO processor 1320. TX MIMO processor 1320 then forwards N_TA plurality of transmitters (TMTR)1322a through 1322t provide N_TA stream of modulation symbols. In various embodiments, TX MIMO processor 1320 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.

Each transmitter 1322 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. In addition, from N respectively_TMultiple antennas 1324a through 1324t transmit N from transmitters 1322a through 1322t_TA modulated signal.

At mobile device 1350, by N_REach antenna 1352a through 1352r receives the transmitted modulated signal and provides a received signal from each antenna 1352 to a respective receiver (RCVR)1354a through 1354 r. Each receiver 1354 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding "received" symbol stream.

RX data processor 1360 from N_RA receiver 1354 receives N_RA stream of symbols and N according to a particular receiver processing technique_RProcessing the received symbol streamSo as to provide N_TA "detected" symbol stream. RX data processor 1360 can demodulate, deinterleave, and decode each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by RX data processor 1360 is complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor 1320 and TX data processor 1314 at base station 1310.

A processor 1370 can periodically determine which precoding matrix to use as discussed above. Further, processor 1370 can formulate a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

The reverse link message may comprise various types of information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse link message can be processed by a TX data processor 1338, modulated by a modulator 1380, conditioned by transmitters 1354a through 1354r, and transmitted back to base station 1310, where TX data processor 1338 also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 1336.

At base station 1310, the modulated signals from mobile device 1350 are received by antennas 1324, conditioned by receivers 1322, demodulated by a demodulator 1340, and processed by a RX data processor 1342 to extract the reverse link message transmitted by mobile device 1350. Further, processor 1330 can process the extracted message to determine which precoding matrix to use for determining the beamforming weights.

Processors 1330 and 1370 can direct (e.g., control, coordinate, manage, etc.) operation at base station 1310 and mobile device 1350, respectively. Processors 1330 and 1370 can be associated with memory 1332 and 1372 that store program codes and data, respectively. Processors 1330 and 1370 can also perform computations to derive frequency and impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink, respectively.

It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.

When the embodiments are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage component. A code segment may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.

With reference to fig. 14, illustrated is a system 1400 that enables updating a whitelist of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment. For example, system 1400 may reside in a mobile device. It is to be appreciated that system 1400 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1400 includes a logical grouping 1402 of electrical components that can act in conjunction. For example, logical grouping 1402 can include: an electrical component for performing manual Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) selection 1404. Moreover, logical grouping 1402 can also include: an electrical component 1406 for registering with a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with a published CSG identified by a CSG Identifier (ID). Moreover, logical grouping 1402 can also include: an electrical component 1408 for adding the CSG ID to a whitelist upon successful registration when the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist. Optionally, logical grouping 1402 may further include: an electrical component 1410 for disabling inclusion of the CSG ID in the whitelist when the selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode. Moreover, logical grouping 1402 can also optionally include: an electrical component 1412 for detecting whether the selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode. Additionally, system 1400 can include a memory 1414 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410, and 1412. While electrical components 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410, and 1412 are illustrated as being external to memory 1414, it is to be understood that one or more of electrical components 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410, and 1412 can exist within memory 1414.

With reference to fig. 15, illustrated is a system 1500 that enables managing a white list of mobile devices in a wireless communication environment. For example, system 1500 may be located in a mobile device. It is to be appreciated that system 1500 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1500 includes a logical grouping 1502 of electrical components that can act in conjunction. For example, logical grouping 1502 may include: an electrical component 1504 for registering with a base station that publishes a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) identified by a CSG Identifier (ID) that is not in a whitelist. Moreover, logical grouping 1502 may also include: an electrical component 1506 for managing updating of the white list in accordance with a registration response indicating whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG. As described above, the registration response may be, for example, an accept cause value. Moreover, logical grouping 1502 optionally includes: an electrical component 1508 for selecting a base station through manual CSG selection. Additionally, system 1500 can include a memory 1510 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1504, 1506, and 1508. While electrical components 1504, 1506, and 1508 are illustrated as being external to memory 1510, it is to be understood that one or more of electrical components 1504, 1506, and 1508 can exist within memory 1510.

With reference to fig. 16, illustrated is a system 1600 that can support access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment. For example, system 1600 can reside at least partially within a base station. It is to be appreciated that system 1600 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1600 includes a logical grouping 1602 of electrical components that can act in conjunction. For example, logical grouping 1602 may include: an electrical component 1604 for transmitting a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifier (ID) from the base station to a network node. Moreover, logical grouping 1602 can also include: an electrical component 1606 for sending an access mode indicator from the base station to the network node along with the CSG ID. Additionally, system 1600 can include a memory 1608 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1604 and 1606. While shown as being external to memory 1608, it is to be understood that one or more of electrical components 1604 and 1606 can exist within memory 1608.

With reference to fig. 17, illustrated is a system 1700 that enables access control and/or paging optimization in a wireless communication environment. For example, system 1700 can reside at least partially within a network node. For example, the network node may be a Mobile Management Entity (MME), a home evolved node B gateway (HeNBGW), a home node B gateway (hnbgw), a mobile switching center/visitor location register (MSC/VLR), a serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) support node (SGSN), and so forth. It is to be appreciated that system 1700 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1700 includes a logical grouping 1702 of electrical components that can act in conjunction. For example, logical grouping 1702 may include: an electrical component 1704 for receiving a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) Identifier (ID) corresponding to a base station at a network node. Moreover, logical grouping 1702 can further include: an electrical component 1706 for receiving at the network node an access mode indicator corresponding to the base station along with the CSG ID. Moreover, logical grouping 1702 can also optionally include: an electrical component 1708 for detecting whether to perform access control for a mobile device attempting to access the base station as a function of the access mode indicator. Moreover, logical grouping 1702 can also optionally include: an electrical component 1710 for identifying whether to perform paging filtering based on the access mode indicator when discerning whether to page the mobile device at the base station. Additionally, system 1700 can include a memory 1712 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1704, 1706, 1708, and 1710. While the electrical components 1704, 1706, 1708, and 1710 are illustrated as being external to the memory 1712, it is to be understood that one or more of the electrical components 1704, 1706, 1708, and 1710 can exist within the memory 1712.

General purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combinations thereof, for performing the functions described herein may be used to implement or perform the exemplary logic, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a number of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Additionally, at least one processor may comprise one or more modules operable to perform one or more of the steps and/or actions described above.

Further, the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. In addition, in some aspects, the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. Additionally, the ASIC may reside in a user terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal. Additionally, in some aspects, the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and/or instructions on a machine readable medium and/or computer readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

In one or more aspects, the functions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Further, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

While the foregoing disclosure describes exemplary aspects and/or embodiments, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the described aspects and/or embodiments as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, although elements of the described aspects and/or embodiments may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Moreover, all or a portion of any aspect and/or embodiment may be utilized with all or a portion of any other aspect and/or embodiment, unless stated otherwise.

Claims (47)

1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:

performing manual closed subscriber group, CSG, selection with a mobile device to select a cell of a base station, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a CSG ID;

determining whether the base station allows only members of the advertised CSG to access the cell or allows both members and non-members of the advertised CSG to access;

initiating registration at the cell of the selected base station; and

when the registration is successful and the CSG ID is not in a white list of the mobile device, adding the CSG ID of the selected base station to the white list if the selected base station only allows members of the published CSG to access, and forbidding adding the CSG ID of the selected base station to the white list if the selected base station allows members and non-members of the published CSG to access.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the whitelist is at least one of an allowed CSG list or an operator CSG list.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

updating the white list by writing to the white list.

4. The method of claim 1, performing manual CSG selection further comprising:

scanning an available base station, wherein the available base station publishes each CSG identified by a corresponding CSG ID;

displaying a list comprising at least one of the respective CSG IDs, wherein the at least one of the respective CSG IDs is related to at least one of the available base stations; and

receiving an input, wherein the input identifies the selected base station from the list of available base stations.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein registering further comprises:

sending a request to camp on the selected base station; and

an indication is received indicating successful camping on the selected base station.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein registering further comprises:

a location registration procedure is performed to register on the selected base station.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the location registration procedure is at least one of a tracking area update procedure, a routing area update procedure, or a location area update procedure.

8. The method of claim 1, determining whether the selected base station allows access to only members of the advertised CSG or both members and non-members of the advertised CSG based on the advertised CSG indication.

9. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

means for performing manual closed subscriber group, CSG, selection;

means for registering at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station corresponds to a published CSG identified by a CSG ID;

means for identifying whether the manually selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode; and

means for adding the CSG ID to a whitelist of a mobile device if the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and forgoing adding the CSG ID to the whitelist of the mobile device if the selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode when registration in the selected base station is successful and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist of the mobile device.

10. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 9, wherein the whitelist is at least one of an allowed CSG list or an operator CSG list.

11. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

means for registering in the selected base station using a location registration procedure.

12. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 9, wherein the selected base station allows access to only members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station operates in a closed access mode, and allows access to both members and non-members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station operates in a hybrid access mode.

13. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

means for receiving a advertised CSG indication, wherein the advertised CSG indication indicates whether the selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode.

14. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

means for performing manual closed subscriber group, CSG, selection;

means for registering at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with a published CSG identified by a CSG ID;

means for adding the CSG ID to a whitelist upon successful registration when the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist; and

means for ignoring the CSG ID from being added to a whitelist when the selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the whitelist is at least one of an allowed CSG list or an operator CSG list.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:

means for detecting whether the selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the selected base station allows access to only members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station operates in a closed access mode, and allows access to both members and non-members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station operates in a hybrid access mode.

18. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

a selecting component for performing a manual closed subscriber group, CSG, selection;

a registration component that initiates registration at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with a published CSG identified by a CSG ID;

a mode detection component for identifying whether the manually selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode; and

a list management component to update the whitelist to include the CSGID upon successful registration when the manually selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is not in the whitelist, and to refrain from updating the whitelist when the manually selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the selected base station allows access to only members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station operates in a closed access mode, and allows access to both members and non-members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station operates in a hybrid access mode.

20. A method of wireless communication, comprising:

initiating registration at a base station with a mobile device, wherein the base station publishes a CSG identified by a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) ID, and the base station allows access to both members and non-members of the CSG;

receiving an indication in the response to the registration, wherein the indication indicates whether the mobile device is a member of the advertised CSG; and

determining whether to update a whitelist to include the CSG ID based at least in part on the indication.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the response to the registration includes an accept cause value.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the accept cause value corresponds to whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG.

23. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

and judging whether the base station only allows the member of the CSG to access or allows the member and non-member of the CSG to access according to the published CSG indication.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein the whitelist is at least one of an allowed CSG list or an operator CSG list.

25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

refraining from updating the whitelist to include the CSG ID when the registered response indicates that the mobile device is not a member of the published CSG.

26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

selecting the base station using automatic CSG selection.

27. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

selecting the base station using manual CSG selection, wherein manual CSG selection further comprises:

scanning an available base station that publishes each CSG identified by a corresponding CSG ID;

displaying a list comprising at least one of the respective CSG IDs, wherein the at least one of the respective CSG IDs is related to at least one of the available base stations;

receiving an input, wherein the input identifies the base station from the list of available base stations.

28. The method of claim 20, wherein registering further comprises:

sending a request to camp on the base station;

an indication is received indicating successful camping on the selected base station.

29. The method of claim 20, wherein registering further comprises:

performing a location registration procedure for registering at the base station.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the location registration procedure is at least one of a tracking area update procedure, a routing area update procedure, or a location area update procedure.

31. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

means for registering with a base station, wherein the base station publishes CSG identified by closed subscriber group, CSG, ID that are not in a white list of mobile devices, wherein the base station operates in a hybrid access mode; and

means for controlling updating of the whitelist in accordance with a response received during registration with the base station, wherein the response indicates whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG, and wherein a decision is made as to whether to add the CSG ID to the whitelist of the mobile device or to forgo adding the CSG ID to the whitelist of the mobile device in accordance with the response.

32. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 31, wherein the response received during the registration is an accept cause value.

33. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 32, wherein the accept cause value indicates whether the mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG.

34. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:

means for determining whether the base station allows access only to members of the CSG or allows access to both members and non-members of the CSG based on the advertised CSG indication.

35. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:

means for registering in the base station using a location registration procedure.

36. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

means for registering with a base station, wherein the base station publishes CSG identified by closed subscriber group, CSG, IDs that are not on a white list, wherein the base station operates in a hybrid access mode; and

means for managing updating of the whitelist in accordance with a registration response, wherein the registration response indicates whether a mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the registration response is an accept cause value.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the accept cause value indicates whether to add the CSG ID to a whitelist of the mobile device or to forgo adding the CSG ID to the whitelist of the mobile device after successful registration.

39. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising:

means for selecting the base station through manual CSG selection.

40. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the base station allows access to both members and non-members of the CSG.

41. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:

a selecting component, configured to select a base station, where the base station publishes a CSG identified by a closed subscriber group, CSG, ID, and the base station allows both members and non-members of the CSG to access;

a registration component for initiating a registration at the base station; and

a list management component to selectively update a whitelist to include the CSG ID based on the received registration response, wherein the registration response indicates whether a mobile device is a member of the CSG or a non-member of the CSG.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the received registration response is an accept cause value.

43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the base station operates in a hybrid access mode.

44. A method of wireless communication, comprising:

performing manual Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) selection;

registering at a selected base station, wherein the selected base station is associated with a published CSG identified by a CSG ID;

adding the CSG ID to a white list after successful registration when the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode and the CSG ID is not in the white list; and

ignoring the addition of the CSG ID to a whitelist when the selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the whitelist is at least one of an allowed CSG list or an operator CSG list.

46. The method of claim 44, further comprising:

it is detected whether the selected base station is operating in one of a hybrid access mode or a closed access mode.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the selected base station allows access to only members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station is operating in a closed access mode, and allows access to both members and non-members of the advertised CSG when the selected base station is operating in a hybrid access mode.