HK1162013B - Brake for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a brake for an elevator in which a brake member is capable of moving smoothly along a braked body during braking. The brake can perform emergency braking for an elevating body which is being ascending and descending and comprises a brake member, an action body and a braking body. The brake member moves upwards upon descent of the elevating body and moves downwards upon ascent of the elevating body by friction generated when pressed against the braked body. The action body is disposed on a surface of the brake member opposite to a brake surface of the brake member to displace the brake member towards the braked body when electric power to an actuator is switched off. The braking body has two oblique surfaces substantially parallel to an inclined surface of the brake member and a pushing force towards the braked body is applied to the braking body through a brake elastomer. A plurality of rollers rotatable between the brake member and the action body and between the brake member and the braking body are disposed at a position where occurrence of directly contact between the brake member and the action body and between the brake member and the braking body upon upward and downward movement of the brake member can be prevented.

Description

Brake device for elevator

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a brake device for an elevator, and more particularly, to a brake device for an elevator, which brakes an elevator body using an actuator when an elevator speed exceeds a predetermined value or the elevator body travels in an uncontrolled state.

Background

As a device for braking a vertically movable body using an actuator, there is known a brake device including an actuator having an operating force capable of resisting an elastic force and being powered off under a predetermined condition, and a brake member that is brought into sliding contact with the brake body by the elastic force when the power of the actuator is powered off, thereby decelerating and stopping the vertically movable body. In addition, there is a technique of using the above-described device using an actuator as a device for braking the vertically movable body, in which the braking device using the actuator is used to brake the vertically movable body when the vertical movement speed exceeds a predetermined value or when the vertically movable body travels in an uncontrolled state.

However, in the above-described device, since the braking member is brought into sliding contact with the braked body by the elastic force to stop the vertically movable body, the elastic force needs to be set to a certain value or more, and the braking member always having an elastic load needs to be kept in an open state when the vertically movable body travels normally, so that the operating force of the actuator needs to be set to an operating force capable of resisting the elastic force, which requires the use of a large-capacity actuator, and causes a problem that the device is increased in size and the equipment cost is increased. In addition, when an actuator having an operating force that can resist the elastic force is used, a sufficient gap needs to be secured between the brake and the braked body, and therefore the capacity of the actuator needs to be further increased.

For this reason, as a conventional technique, for example, patent document 1 discloses a brake device including: brake arms provided in pairs in an opposing manner and provided to be rotatable by a shaft; a braking elastic body provided between the braking arms; an operation arm which is provided in a pair in a manner of facing each other and is provided to be rotatable by a shaft; an elastic body for operation and an actuator, the elastic body for operation and the actuator being provided between the operation arms; and a braking portion having: a braking member supported by respective end portions of the braking arm and the actuating arm, and having two inclined surfaces formed on opposite surfaces of the braking surface in a V-shaped side surface shape; an operation inclined body supported by an end of the operation arm and formed with two inclined surfaces substantially parallel to the respective inclined surfaces of the stopper; in the brake device, the elastic force of the operation elastic body can be reduced and the capacity of the actuator can be reduced by adopting a structure in which the brake elastic body and the operation elastic body are provided independently from each other (for example, refer to patent document 1).

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2010-83640 (paragraph numbers 0016-0019, FIG. 3)

In the above-described conventional technique, after the energization of the actuator is turned off, the operation ramp body is moved in the direction of the guide rail as the braked body by the elastic force of the operation elastic body to press the stopper against the guide rail, and thereafter, the stopper is moved upward when the elevator body is moved downward and moved downward when the elevator body is moved upward along the inclined surface of the operation ramp body and the inclined surface of the braking ramp body. However, since the contact between the operation inclined body and the stopper and between the braking inclined body and the stopper is surface contact and the stopper is pressed against the guide rail by the operation inclined body and the braking inclined body, the friction coefficient between the operation inclined body and the stopper and between the braking inclined body and the stopper is large, and there is a problem that it is difficult to smoothly move the stopper upward or downward in a state of sliding contact with the guide rail.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a brake device for an elevator, which can smoothly move a brake member along a braked body at the time of braking.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brake device for an elevator for emergency braking of a lifting body during lifting, the brake device for an elevator comprising a braking member, an operating member, and a braking body, wherein the braking member is provided in a pair, two inclined surfaces having a V-shaped side surface are formed on opposite surfaces of a braking surface, the braking member moves upward when the lifting body moves downward by a frictional force generated when the braking member is pressed against a braking object, the operating member moves downward when the lifting body moves upward, the operating member is provided on an opposite surface of the braking member, the braking member is displaced in a direction toward the braking object when power to an actuator is turned off, the braking body has two inclined surfaces substantially parallel to the inclined surfaces of the braking member, and a pressing force in a direction toward the braking object is applied by a braking elastic body, the braking device of the elevator is characterized in that a plurality of rollers rotating between the braking member and the action body and between the braking member and the braking body are arranged at positions capable of preventing the braking member and the action body and the braking member and the braking body from directly contacting when the braking member moves in the vertical direction.

In the present invention having the above-described configuration, when the brake is brought into contact with the braked body and slides along the braked body, the plurality of rollers rotate between the brake and the operating body and between the brake and the brake body. Thus, the braking member can be smoothly moved along the braked body at the time of braking.

In the elevator braking apparatus according to the present invention, at least a part of the rollers is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and a return elastic body for returning the part of the rollers to an initial position is provided.

In the present invention having the above-described configuration, the roller movable in the vertical direction is more reliably returned to the initial position by the return spring after the braking operation, and the shift to the normal operation can be smoothly performed.

In the elevator braking apparatus according to the present invention, at least a part of the rollers that rotate between the braking member and the braking body is formed of a needle bearing.

In the present invention having the above-described configuration, by providing at least a part of the rollers that rotate between the brake member and the brake body as needle bearings, it is possible to ensure the firmness that can withstand the large pressure generated when the brake member enters between the brake body and the braked body.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to smoothly move the braking member along the braked body at the time of braking, and it is also possible to surely realize emergency braking.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an elevator showing a position where a brake device according to the present invention is installed.

Fig. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a main part of an embodiment of the braking apparatus for an elevator according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view schematically showing a main part of the brake device in the present embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a side view schematically showing a main part of the brake device in this embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a front view schematically showing a main part of the brake device according to the present embodiment after a part of the members are removed.

Fig. 6 is a side view schematically showing a main part of the brake device according to the present embodiment after a part of the members are removed.

Fig. 7 is a front view of a main part schematically showing a state when the braking member is in contact with the guide rail.

Fig. 8 is a front view schematically showing a main part of a state where the stopper is pressed against the guide rail and moved upward at the time of abnormal descending movement.

Fig. 9 is another principal part front view schematically showing a state where the stopper is pressed against the guide rail and moved upward at the time of abnormal descending movement.

Fig. 10 is a front view of a main part still further schematically showing a state where the stopper is pressed against the guide rail and moved upward at the time of abnormal descending movement.

Fig. 11 is a front view schematically showing a main part of a state after the stopper is pressed against the guide rail and moved upward at the time of abnormal descending movement.

Fig. 12 is a front view schematically showing a main part of a state where the braking member is pressed against the guide rail and moved upward when abnormal descending movement occurs in a case where the braking device is provided eccentrically with respect to the guide rail.

Fig. 13 is a front view of another main part schematically showing a state in which the braking member is pressed against the guide rail and moved upward when abnormal descending movement occurs in a case where the braking device is provided eccentrically with respect to the guide rail.

Fig. 14 is a front view of a main part showing a state in which the stopper is pushed against the guide rail and moved downward when an abnormal lifting operation occurs.

Description of the symbols

1 mechanical chamber

2 Pulley

3 suspension cable

4 elevator car

5 balance weight

6 lifting channel

7 side guide rail of car

8-counterweight side guide rail

10 brake device

11 axle

12 brake arm

13 brake elastomer

14 action arm

15 elastic body for operation

16 actuator

20 brake unit

21 braking part

21a groove part

22 action body

23 braking body

24 first guide plate

24a vertical part

24b horizontal part

25 second guide plate

25a vertical part

26 auxiliary roller for first operation

27 auxiliary roller for second operation

28 first brake action auxiliary roller

29 secondary braking action auxiliary roller

30 elastic body for restoration

Detailed Description

An embodiment of an elevator braking apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, in an elevator, a hoist rope 3 is wound around a sheave 2 of a hoist provided in a machine room 1, and an elevator car 4 and a counter weight 5 are connected to both ends of the hoist rope 3, respectively. In the hoistway 6, the elevator car 4 is guided by a car-side guide rail 7, the counterweight 5 is guided by a counterweight-side guide rail 8, and the elevator car 4 and the counterweight 5 are raised and lowered in the hoistway 6 by rotating the sheave 2 of the hoisting machine. The braking device 10 of the present embodiment is fixed to the upper portion of the elevator car 4 by a bolt not shown.

As shown in fig. 2 to 6, the brake device 10 of the present embodiment includes: brake arms 12, the brake arms 12 being provided in pairs in an opposed manner and being provided to be rotatable by the shaft 11; a braking elastic body 13 provided between the braking arms 12; an operation arm 14, the operation arm 14 being provided in a pair inside the brake arm 12 so as to face each other, and being provided to be rotatable by the shaft 11; an elastic body 15 for operation and an actuator 16 provided between the operation arms 14; and a brake unit 20 provided at the ends of the brake arm 12 and the action arm 14.

The brake unit 20 includes: braking members 21 provided in pairs, each of which has two inclined surfaces having a V-shaped side surface formed on opposite surfaces of the braking surface, and moves upward when the elevator car 4 moves downward and moves downward when the elevator car 4 moves upward by a frictional force generated when the braking member (for example, the car-side guide rail 7) is pressed against the braking member; an actuator 22 provided on the opposite surface of the braking member 21, the actuator 22 displacing the braking member 21 in the direction of the car-side guide rail 7 when the energization of the actuator 16 is turned off; a brake body 23 having two inclined surfaces substantially parallel to the inclined surfaces of the brake member 21, respectively, and being pressed in a direction toward the car-side guide rail 7 by the brake elastic body 13; a first guide plate 24 having a vertical portion 24a provided with the effector 22 interposed therebetween and extending in the longitudinal direction of the car-side rail 7 and a horizontal portion 24b extending in the direction perpendicular to the vertical portion 24a, the first guide plate 24 guiding the brake member 21 to be movable in the vertical direction by sandwiching the brake member 21 by the vertical portion 24a and engaging the horizontal portion 24b with the groove portion 21a of the brake member 21; a second guide plate 25 extending from the first guide plate 24 at each of the upper and lower ends of the brake body 23, having a vertical portion 25a extending in the longitudinal direction of the car-side guide rail 7, and guiding the brake member 21 to be movable in the vertical direction by sandwiching the brake member 21 by the vertical portion 25 a; an auxiliary roller 26 for first operation pivotally supported by the stopper 21; a second operation auxiliary roller 27 pivotally supported by the operating body 22 and provided at four corners of the operating body 22; a first braking auxiliary roller 28 mounted on the upper and lower ends of the braking body 23 to be movable in the vertical direction; a second brake operation auxiliary roller 29 pivotally supported by the brake body 23 so as to be adjacent to the second operation auxiliary roller 27; and a return elastic body 30, the return elastic body 30 being provided at a lower end of the brake body 23, for returning the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28 to an initial position. The first operation auxiliary roller 26, the second operation auxiliary roller 27, the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28, and the second braking operation auxiliary roller 29 are disposed at positions that prevent the braking member 21 and the operating member 22, and the braking member 21 and the braking member 23 from coming into direct contact when the braking member 21 moves in the vertical direction. The first brake application auxiliary roller 28 is constituted by a plurality of needle bearings pivotally supported by the frame body. In fig. 3, 5, and 7 to 11, only the member of the brake device 10 provided on one side of the car-side guide rail 7 is shown for the sake of easy understanding, and actually, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the members of the brake device 10 are provided in pairs across the car-side guide rail 7.

In the present embodiment, when the elevator is operating normally, the actuator 16 is energized, and as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the stopper 21 is held away from the car-side guide rail 7 against the elastic force of the operation elastic body 15. For example, when a speed detector, not shown, detects that the elevator car 4 has fallen at an abnormal speed, an electric signal is input from the speed detector to the braking device 10, and the braking device 10 turns off the energization of the actuator 16. After the energization of the actuator 16 is turned off, the operating arm 14 is rotated by the shaft 11 by the elastic force of the operating elastic body 15 provided between the operating arms 14, and as shown in fig. 7, the operating body 22 moves in the direction of the car-side guide rail 7, and the stopper 21 is pressed against the car-side guide rail 7. At this time, the first operation auxiliary roller 26 abuts against the operating body 22. In this manner, when the elevator car 4 descends in a state where the stopper 21 is pressed against the car-side guide rail 7, as shown in fig. 8 to 11, the stopper 21 moves upward by the frictional force. At this time, as shown in fig. 8, the first operation auxiliary roller 26 is first rotated while being in contact with the moving body 22, and then, as shown in fig. 9, the second operation auxiliary roller 27 is rotated while being in contact with the stopper 21. Then, the second brake operation assisting roller 29 is rotated while being in contact with the braking member 21, and then, as shown in fig. 10, the first brake operation assisting roller 28 is rotated while being in contact with the braking member 21, and thereafter, as shown in fig. 11, the braking member 21 is not further moved after reaching the uppermost position, and is in a state of being sandwiched between the first brake operation assisting roller 28 and the car-side guide rail 7. When the brake member 21 is pressed and moved upward, the first brake operation auxiliary roller 28 itself is also moved upward. As described above, the brake member 21 is inserted between the car-side guide rail 7 and the brake body 23, the brake arm 12 is rotated by the shaft 11, and the brake member 21 is pressed against the car-side guide rail 7 with an appropriate pressing force by the elastic force of the braking elastic body 13 provided between the brake arms 12, thereby braking the elevator car 4. After the braking operation, when the elevator returns to the normal operation, the actuator 16 is energized, and the elevator car 4 is moved in the upward direction, which is the direction opposite to the abnormal operation, by the returning operation. Thereby, the braking member 21 is returned to the initial position, and the first braking-action auxiliary roller 28 falls down by its own weight and returns to the initial position due to the contact with the braking member 21 being released. The operation of each part when the brake device 10 is not eccentrically provided with respect to the car-side guide rail 7, that is, when the paired members of the brake device 10 are not eccentrically provided with respect to the car-side guide rail 7, is described above with reference to fig. 7 to 11.

A case where the braking device 10 is eccentrically provided with respect to the car-side guide rail 7 will be described below with reference to fig. 12 and 13.

The brake device 10 operates under the same conditions as those described above, the brake body 22 moves in the direction of the car-side guide rail 7, the brake member 21 is pressed against the car-side guide rail 7, and the first operation auxiliary roller 26 abuts against the operating body 22. At this time, since the braking device 10 is eccentrically provided with respect to the car-side guide rail 7, a difference occurs in the gap between the braking member 21 and the braking body 23 on the left and right sides across the car-side guide rail 7. In this state, when the elevator car 4 is lowered, the braking member 21 is moved upward by the frictional force, but as shown in fig. 12, for example, the second braking operation auxiliary roller 29 is rotated while being in contact with the braking member 21 on the side where the gap between the braking member 21 and the braking body 23 is narrow, the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28 is rotated while being in contact with the braking member 21, and at this time, the second operation auxiliary roller 27 is rotated while being in contact with the braking member 21 on the side where the gap between the braking member 21 and the braking body 23 is wide, but the second braking operation auxiliary roller 29 and the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28 are not in contact with the braking member 21. Thereafter, as the brake member 21 moves further upward, when the centers of the members of the brake device 10 provided in pairs across the car-side guide rail 7 are aligned, as shown in fig. 13, the brake member 21 on the side where the gap between the brake member 21 and the brake body 23 is wide also rotates while being in contact with the auxiliary roller 28 for braking operation. The following operations are the same as those described above, and the description thereof is omitted here.

On the other hand, when a speed detector, not shown, detects that the elevator car 4 is rising at an abnormal speed, the braking member 21 is pressed against the car-side guide rail 7 and descends, thereby braking the elevator car 4. Here, the description of the same parts in the braking step when the elevator car 4 abnormally ascends and moves as the steps when the elevator car 4 abnormally descends is omitted, and the steps when the elevator car 4 abnormally ascends and moves are mainly different from the steps when the elevator car 4 abnormally descends and moves in that, as shown in fig. 14, the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28, which has moved upward when the stopper 21 is pressed against the guide rail and moves downward, returns to the initial position by the elastic force of the return elastic body 30 when the elevator returns to the normal operation.

According to the present embodiment, by providing the plurality of rollers 26, 27, 28, 29 that rotate between the stopper 21 and the moving body 22 and between the stopper 21 and the braking body 23 at positions that prevent the stopper 21 and the moving body 22 and the stopper 21 and the braking body 23 from coming into direct contact when the stopper 21 moves in the vertical direction, the stopper 21 can be smoothly moved along the car-side rail 7 as the body to be braked at the time of braking, and emergency braking can be reliably performed. After the braking operation, the return elastic body 30 reliably returns the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28, which is movable in the vertical direction, to the initial position, so that the operation can be smoothly switched to the normal operation. Further, by using a needle bearing as the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28, it is possible to ensure the robustness against the large pressure generated when the brake 21 enters between the first braking operation auxiliary roller 28 and the car side rail 7.

Claims (3)

1. A brake device for an elevator for emergency braking of a lifting body during lifting, the brake device for an elevator comprising a brake member, an operating body, and a brake body,

the braking members are provided in pairs, two inclined surfaces having a V-shaped side surface are formed on the opposite surfaces of the braking surfaces, and move upward when the lifting body moves downward and move downward when the lifting body moves upward due to a frictional force generated when the braking members are pressed against the braking bodies,

the moving body is arranged on the opposite surface of the braking part, and the braking part is displaced towards the direction of the braked body when the power-on of the actuator is cut off,

the braking body has two inclined surfaces which are respectively approximately parallel to the inclined surfaces of the braking parts, and is applied with pressing force towards the braked body through the braking elastic body,

the braking device of the elevator is characterized in that,

the disclosed device is provided with: an auxiliary roller for first operation pivotally supported by the stopper; a second operation auxiliary roller pivotally supported by the operating body and provided at four corners of the operating body; a first braking action auxiliary roller installed at the upper and lower ends of the braking body to be movable in the up-down direction; a second brake-action auxiliary roller pivotally supported by the brake body to be adjacent to the second operation-action auxiliary roller,

the first operation auxiliary roller, the second operation auxiliary roller, the first braking operation auxiliary roller, and the second braking operation auxiliary roller are disposed at positions that prevent the braking member and the operating body, and the braking member and the braking body from coming into direct contact with each other when the braking member moves in the vertical direction.

2. Brake apparatus of an elevator according to claim 1,

at least a part of the rollers are arranged to be movable in the vertical direction, and a return elastic body for returning the part of the rollers to an initial position is provided.

3. Brake apparatus of an elevator according to claim 1,

at least a part of the rollers rotating between the braking member and the braking body is constituted by needle bearings.