HK1161995B - Cutting device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a cutting device for the crushing of liquid solids mixtures with a knife rotor, which is rotatable relative to a cutting saw and is axially attached to the cutting saw in the direction of its axis of rotation and is axially forward-tended in a first pre-tensioning direction against the cutting saw.

Liquid solids are, for example, media, liquids or suspensions that contain coarse, solid, floating or suspended materials such as fibres, textiles, bones, wood, hair, grafts, grass.

Cutting equipment of the type mentioned above, also called macerators or wet reducers, are used for the crushing, homogenising and dispersing of liquid solids mixtures. They are used, for example, in treatment plants to make high solids sludge of treatment plants flowable. They are still used, for example, in biogas plants for the crushing and mixing of waste water, manure, waste and manure, and for the crushing of food waste and/or crushing distribution in animal recycling plants or in the production of animal feed, for the crushing of lacquerware and lacquer residue in the industry, for the crushing of fish or fish products. They are also of particular importance in the chemical industry for the production of detergents and detergents.

The cutting saw uses a perforated or screened plate, preferably made of steel, to cut the material. The cutting saw rotor is axially attached to the cutting saw, so that when the cutting saw rotates, the solids between the cutting saw and the cutting saw are crushed.

DE 299 10 596 U1 shows a pre-tensioning device for the pre-tensioning of a cutting member or cutting rotor to a lattice or cutting sieve, with a piston-like attachment device, the pressure space of which can be pressurised by means of a suitable pressure medium, the pressure force of the cutting member on the lattice corresponding to the force of the piston. DE 20 2005 010 617 U1 shows a pre-tensioning device in which the cutting rotor is fixed by an axial pressure-producing part in its working position. Furthermore, this solution seals the shaft driving the cutting rotor in a piston-driven motor and places the piston in a pressure cylinder whose pressure medium is directed to the cutting rotor.DE 20 2006 014 804 U1 shows a pre-tensioning device for a cutting machine knife rotor where the knife rotor is held to a rotating pre-tensioning part and the pre-tensioning part is axially adjustable. The axial position of the pre-tensioning part in relation to the punch or sieve plate can be adjusted by means of appropriate means. The drive shaft is connected to the pre-tensioning part via a lower tensioning nut and in this way the base position of the knife rotor in relation to the punch and sieve can be adjusted. This design allows the axial position of the pre-tensioning part to be adjusted and also the determination of a base position of the knife rotor.However, the solutions shown can be further simplified or improved and the control of the pre-tensioning force and a protection against lifting of the cutter rotor from the punch or sieve plate can be further simplified or improved.

DE 202 17 550 U1 shows a knife rotor fixed in the working position by means of a self-inhibiting axial pressure producing part in a self-inhibiting action, with a spring acting in one direction only and not yielding in the opposite direction due to the self-inhibiting action of the axial pressure producing part. The axial pressure producing part in DE 202 17 550 U1 is a spiral wedge with a self-inhibiting action or as an eccentric. This is to prevent a knife rotor with a spring alone from being able to separate the cutting movement from the following spring and thus to prevent the formation of seeds and the accumulation of solids at the cutting edge.

The present invention is therefore intended to reduce or eliminate one or more of the disadvantages mentioned. It is furthermore a task of the present invention to cover at least part of the improvement needs mentioned. It is furthermore a task of the present invention to provide an alternative solution to those shown in the state of the art.

This task is solved by a cutting device of the type mentioned at the beginning, characterized by at least one free space, bounded by at least one first and one second surface, whereby the first surface is fixed in the axial direction to the cutter rotor,the second surface is fixed in the axial direction to the cutter saw,the first and second surfaces are fixed in the rotational axis of the cutter rotor,in which at least one free space is provided and at least one free-runner is located and axially forward-stretched to the first and second surfaces in a second forward-running direction,the first and second surfaces are at least partially so formed that the radial distance between the first and second forward-running surfaces is reduced in the second forward-running direction,and a relative movement of the axis between the mid-rotor and the cutter prevents the first forward-running direction from being removed.

The knife rotor preferably has a knife holder with at least one, preferably two or more knives attached to the cutting saw and tensioned against the cutting saw. The knives wear over the operating period of the cutting device so that they are to be held against the cutting saw, which is done by the pre-tensioning of the knife rotor against the cutting saw. However, too high a pre-tensioning will lead to premature knife wear. Too low a pre-tensioning, on the other hand, may cause, for example due to an increased amount or a special type of solids, the knife rotor to detach from the cutting saw, i.e. no longer attach to the cutting bearing. In this case, a displacement of adhesive adhesive is not possible and it is impossible to detach from the solids on the cutting bearing.

The cutting device according to the invention therefore provides that, in addition to the mechanism for the pre-tensioning of the knife rotor against the cutting saw in a first pre-tensioning direction, a second pre-tensioning mechanism is provided in a second pre-tensioning direction. This second pre-tensioning mechanism comprises at least one free space, and possibly two or more free spaces, in which at least one, and possibly two or more free-running bodies are located or are located.

The free space is bounded on the one hand by a first surface which is firmly coupled in the axial direction to the knife rotor, for example at the knife rotor. On the other hand, the free space is bounded by a second surface which is firmly coupled in the axial direction to the cutting saw, for example by coupling the cutting saw over a housing and a high axis with a drive shaft and the second surface is formed at this drive shaft. The two surfaces are arranged so that they are not tortuous to each other around the rotation axis of the knife rotor.

The free-running body shall be pressed forward in a second forward direction, axially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the knife rotor, between the first and second surfaces of the free-running body, preferably so that a clamping effect is achieved between the first surface and the free-running body and the second surface and the free-running body and that the free-running body does not slip on one or both surfaces.

The free-runner is brought into contact with the first and second surfaces by means of the free-runner at the free-runner's point, where the radial distance between the first and second surfaces corresponds to the free-runner's radial expansion. A positioning of the free-runner in a section of the free-runner where the radial distance between the first and second surfaces is less than the free-runner's radial expansion is not possible. This prevents relative movement between the two surfaces - and thus between the free-runner and the cutter - which would prevent the relative movement between the first and second free-runner from becoming more rapid. This prevents the effect of a relatively small self-rotation between the first and second free-runner's point.

However, a relative motion between the two surfaces such that the radial distance between the two surfaces at the point where the free-running body is located is increased remains possible, which means that a relative motion of the cutter rotor towards the cutting saw, i.e. in the direction of the first pre-tensioning, is possible.

The cutting device of the invention has the advantage that, in addition to the pre-tensioning of the cutting rotor against the cutting saw, an additional pre-tensioning device acting as a self-locking device is provided, which is easy to implement by design and at the same time reliably prevents the cutting rotor from lifting off the cutting saw.

The invention may be further developed by forming the first surface at a holding section of the knife rotor, whereby the holding section is formed to connect the knife rotor to a drive shaft by rotating the knife rotor, preferably via a pass spring, whereby the drive shaft is formed to drive the knife rotor rotatingly. The invention may be further developed by forming the second surface at a drive shaft.

The knife rotor is preferably connected by a drive shaft with a rotating rigidity, which is used to rotate the knife rotor around its axis of rotation.

The first surface, fixed in the axial direction to the knife rotor, is formed according to this preferred forward motion at the holding section of the knife rotor. The first surface may preferably be formed on the inside of the hollow cylinder. It is preferable that the second surface is formed at a drive shaft. It is particularly preferable that the drive shaft on which the second surface is formed is identical to the drive shaft to which the knife rotor shaft is connected.

This advanced training will result in a particularly efficient design of the cutting device of the invention.

The invention may be further developed by the first surface being formed as a cone interior surface or section of a cone interior surface and/or the second surface being formed as a cylinder casing surface or section of a cylinder casing surface.

The formation of the first surface as a cone-shaped inner surface and the formation of the second surface as a cylinder-shell surface is particularly preferable when the free space is formed in a ring-shaped manner; the formation of the first surface as a section of a cone-shaped inner surface and/or the second surface as a section of a cylinder-shell surface is particularly preferable when the free space is formed as a ring-shaped section; this formation is also particularly preferable in combination with the above-mentioned training, where the first surface is formed at a holding section of the knife rotor and the second surface at a drive shaft.

In this form of development, the free space may be formed, for example, as a ring-shaped exception on the inside of the holding section of the knife rotor, which is usually preferably formed as a hollow cylinder, and preferably has a radially inward-pointing cone surface as the first surface.

This training has the advantage that the strength of the drive shaft is not affected by a breakdown and that assembly, maintenance and repair can be carried out particularly efficiently.

The invention can be further developed by the second direction of pre-tensioning being in the direction of the first direction of pre-tensioning.

This form of development is particularly useful in relation to the forms of development mentioned above, in which the first surface is formed as the inner surface of a cone at the holding section of the knife rotor and the second surface as the surface of a cylinder on the drive shaft.

Alternatively, the invention may be further developed by the second direction of pre-tensioning being opposite to the first direction of pre-tensioning.

This form of development is particularly preferable when a kinematic reversal of the preferred forms of development mentioned above is chosen, for example when the first surface is formed as the inner surface of a hollow cylinder at the holding section of the knife rotor and the second surface as the inner surface of a cone in a gap in the drive shaft or at the drive shaft (for example in a casing attached to the drive shaft).

This alternative also has a simple and efficient design, while ensuring that axial relative motion between the knife rotor and the cutting saw is reliably prevented in the direction of the first pre-tension.

The difference between the two alternative embodiments is that the pre-tensioning direction of the free-running body in the second alternative embodiment is opposite to the first pre-tensioning direction - and thus also opposite to the second pre-tensioning direction in the first alternative embodiment - due to the kinematic reversal in the second alternative embodiment.

The preferred forms of training listed below may be combined with all the forms of training mentioned above, in particular with the first and second alternative forms of training mentioned above.

The invention can be further developed by forming the free space as a ring-shaped exception.

The circular rotationally symmetrical formation of the clearance is advantageous because the components of the cutting device on which the first and/or second surface is preferably formed or are, are usually at least partially rotationally symmetrical. The circular rotationally symmetrical formation of the invention may have any cross-section bounded at least by the first and second surface. The circular extension may in particular be coaxially formed to the drive shaft at the cutting edge of the knife door.

The invention can be further developed by having the free-running body shaped as a sphere.

The invention allows the free-runner to be shaped in any shape that is compatible with the free space, such as egg, cone or lens. The free-runner can also be shaped as a ring or ring section with a circular, oval or lens cross section. The free-runner can also be shaped as a roller, for example.

The invention may be further developed by pre-tensioning the free-running body between the first and second surfaces by means of a pressure spring.

The spring is preferably connected to a first end at the free-running body and to a second end at one end of the free-running body.

The invention can be further developed by having the cutter rotor so tensioned against the cutting saw that the cutter rotor is attached to the cutting saw with an essentially constant forward force, preferably with adjustable forward force.

The use of a spring to create the tension between the cutting rotor and the cutting saw, for example, reduces the spring path due to cutting wear, so that the force generated for the tension decreases. However, a reduced tension may lead to a reduced functionality of the cutting device. The development according to the invention therefore provides that the force of tension with which the cutting rotor is pressed against the cutting saw remains essentially constant over the life of the cutting device, which is also true in particular for the wear of the cutting rotor's knife.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the pre-tensioning force be adjustable, i.e. variable. This is particularly preferable when the cutting device is intended for different applications where different liquid-solid mixtures with solids of different quantities and types must be crushed.

The invention may be further developed by means of one, two or more spring (s) producing the pre-tension of the cutter rotor against the cutting saw, preferably with adjustable spring force.

The production of the forward tensile force between the cutter rotor and the cutting saw by means of one, two or more drawstrings is a simple, cost-effective and reliable design, the drawstring being preferably adjustable or variable, which can be achieved in particular by shifting at least one of the drawstring's attachment points.

When driven by a connecting gear and using a hollow shaft, it is also possible to transfer and adjust the tensile force required to advance the knife rotor against the cutting saw by means of a threaded rod from external springs to the knife rotor.

The invention may be further developed by the fact that the draw spring (s) have a relatively large length relative to a wear path of the cutter rotor.

The wear of the blade may affect the length of the spring path of the spring. If, according to the invention, the possible wear of the blade is very small in relation to the length of the spring, the wear of the blade has only a negligible effect on the forward tensile force, i.e. the forward tensile force changes only slightly.

The invention may be further developed by connecting the draw spring (s) with the cutter rotor at one end and the drive shaft at the other.

This form of training is particularly preferable when the cutting saw is axially fixed to the drive shaft, so that a simple pre-tensioning of the cutting saw by the cutting rotor and the cutting saw is possible, in which the cutting rotor and the cutting shaft are connected by one, two or more pulling springs, the first end of the pulling spring (s) being preferably connected to the holding section of the cutting rotor.

The invention may be further developed by arranging at least one clearance and, if necessary, one, two or more draw spring (s) to advance the cutter rotor against the cutting saw in the hollow of a hollow axis.

The shrinkage of liquid solids mixes involves a high degree of pollution. The free space according to the invention with the pre-tensioned free-flowing body arranged in it could be affected in its functionality by pollution or deposits. The arrangement of the free space in the cavity of a high-pressure axle according to the invention prevents the contamination of the free space in a simple and constructively advantageous way. The cavity of the high-pressure axle is preferably sealed against the shrinking liquid solids mixture. Furthermore, it is preferable that one, two or more spring/n to prevent the middle rotor from moving against the cutter - the two spring/n functional units identical to the one or two mentioned above, or at least the same - could also be adjusted to prevent the middle rotor from moving against the high-pressure axle, or at least the middle rotor from losing its functionality or its speed.

Preferably the drive shaft is still stored in the hollow shaft in a rotating manner, so that the arrangement of at least one free space and one, two or more drawstrings to pre-tension the cutter rotor against the cutting saw in the hollow shaft does not require any or only a small amount of additional construction work.

The invention can be further developed by allowing the pre-tensioning of the free-running body to be released for attachment to the first and second surfaces, which is particularly desirable when lifting the cutter rotor from the cutting saw is desired, for example when changing cutters on the cutter rotor.

The invention may be further developed by: The cutter rotor's support section is connected to a drive shaft by a spring which is connected to a drive shaft by a spring which is fixed and axially fixed to the cutter and is mounted and trained to drive the cutter rotor in a rotating manner,the free space is formed as a ring-shaped, coaxial exception for the drive shaft in the cutter rotor's support section, the first surface being the inner cone surface of the cutter rotor's support section and the second surface being the mantle surface of the cutter shaft, the axis of the first and second drive shafts being spaced in a direction opposite to the cutter rotor, the free space being at least one or two free spans, and the average speed of the cutter/rotor being at least one, and the average speed of the cutter/rotor being at least one, and the free space being at least one, and/or more, in the direction of the cutter/rotor, and the average speed of the cutter/rotor is at least one, and/or more, and the average speed of the cutter/rotor is at least one, and/or more, respectively, in the direction of the cutter.

This form of training combines in an advantageous way particularly favourable features of the present invention and is characterized by a particularly efficient design which, on the one hand, reliably ensures a substantially constant pre-tensioning of the knife rotor against the cutting saw, even with increasing knife wear, and, on the other hand, prevents the knife rotor from lifting off the cutting saw in an equally reliable manner.

Other advantageous embodiments of the device of the invention result from the combination of the characteristics of the forms of training described above.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described by the accompanying figures, which show:Figure 1 a cross-section of a cutting device in accordance with the invention;Figure 2 an enlarged representation of detail I from Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows a cutting device 1 in accordance with the invention in cross section. The pre-tensioning of the cutting rotor against the cutting saw and the pre-tensioning device to prevent the cutting rotor from being removed from the cutting saw are shown in detail I in Figure 2.

A liquid solid mixture enters cutting device 1 through an inlet 531, passes through the cutting device in a channel 800 and leaves cutting device 1 after being crushed through the outlet 522.

The cutting device 1 has a cutter rotor 100 which has a holding section 110, a cutter holder 120 and several cutters, of which two cutters 121 and 122 can be seen in the figure shown.

The knives 121, 122 are attached to a cutting saw 200 and the cutting saw 200 has several openings 210 through which the crushed liquid-solid mixture passes.

The knife rotor 100 is connected via the holding section 110 by means of a pass spring 130 to a drive shaft 300.

The drive shaft 300 is rotatable in a hollow axle 510. The hollow axle 510 is firmly connected to a housing 500. Housing 500 has a housing wall 520 with a connecting flange 521 and an outlet 522 . The cutting saw 200 is firmly connected to housing 500 via the connecting flange 521. Furthermore, the housing section 530 is firmly connected to housing 521 via a connecting flange 531.

The cutting rotor 100, the cutting saw 200, and the high-axis 500 are essentially rotationally symmetrical to the rotation axis 140 of the cutting rotor, except for the exception for the matching springs 130.

The hollow axis 510 has a cavity 511 sealed against channel 800 for the liquid/solid mixture by wavelength rings 541 and 542.

The drive shaft 300 is connected axially and invariably to the drive shaft 510 and thus also axially and invariably to the cutting saw 200 via the housing 500.

The cutter rotor 100 is axially attached in a first forward tension direction 630 to the cutter saw 200 by means of several draw spring, of which only two draw spring 601, 602 are shown in the intersection of Figures 1 and 2. The draw spring 601, 602 are attached with their first ends 611, 612 at the end 111 of the grip section 110 of the cutter rotor 100. With their second ends 621, 622 the draw spring 601, 602 are attached to draw spring holders 631, 632 of the drive shaft. The draw spring 621, 602 have a length between their first ends 611, 612 and their second ends continuously extending, which is large compared to a possible wear of the mid-rotor 121, 122 of the cutter rotor 100. In this way, a substantial constant draw spring tension is achieved in the relative displacement of the cutter rotor 1001, 122 even at the mid-rotor rotor.

The free space 400 has a first surface 410 formed at the holding section 110 and a second surface 420 formed at the drive shaft 300. The first surface 410 is formed as a cone interior surface, the second surface as a mantle surface of the cylindrical drive shaft. The expansion 400 is extended to the cutting saw 200. In the free space 400 there are several 430 free runners formed, of which the two free runners 431, 432 can be seen in the cross section of Figures 1 and 2.

The free-running bodies 431, 432 are pre-tensioned by means of pressure springs 441, 442 to the first surface 410 and the second surface 420 in a second forward direction 450. A movement of the cutter rotor 100 in the direction opposite to the first forward direction 630 and the second forward direction 450 respectively, i.e. away from the cutting face 200, is therefore not possible by the pre-tensioning of the free-running bodies 431, 432 to the first surface 410 and the second surface 420.

The free space 400 with the free-run bodies 431, 432 and the pressure springs 441, 442, the draw spring 601, 602 with the draw spring supports 631, 632, and part of the holding section 110 of the cutter rotor 100 and part of the drive shaft 300 are located within the hollow space 511 of the high axis 510 and are thus sealed by the wave-tight rings 541, 542 from the liquid-solid mixing channel 800. Thus, both the pre-tensioning mechanism for the m-rotor 100 against the cutter 200 (realized by the 110-stop holds at the end of the cutter rotor 110 and the 631, 632 and 601, 602 draw-holds) and the second pre-tensioning mechanism for the suspension of the cutter rotor 400 from the 100 m-rotor 400 (secondary fuse) are located in a first free-running position against the first cutter rotor 400 (secondary fuse) and the first free-running mechanism for the 400 m-rotor 400 (secondary fuse) are located in a second pre-tensioning mechanism (secondary fuse) against the cutter rotor 400 (secondary fuse) in the first free-running direction.

Claims (15)

1. Cutting apparatus (1) for comminuting flowable liquid/solid mixtures having a cutter rotor (100) which is mounted such that it can be rotated relative to a cutting screen (200) and bears axially against the cutting screen in the direction of its rotational axis (140) and is prestressed axially against the cutting screen in a first prestressing direction (630), characterized by at least one clearance (400) which is delimited by at least one first and one second face,

   - the first face (410) being arranged such that it cannot be displaced in the axial direction with respect to the cutter rotor,

   - the second face (420) being arranged such that it cannot be displaced in the axial direction with respect to the cutting screen,

   - the first and the second face being arranged such that they cannot be rotated with respect to one another about the rotational axis of the cutter rotor,

   - at least one free-wheeling body (431, 432) being arranged in the at least one clearance and being prestressed axially in a second prestressing direction in order to bear against the first and second faces,

   - the first and the second face being configured at least in sections in such a way that the radial spacing between the first and the second face tapers in the direction of the second prestressing direction (450),

   - as a result of which an axial relative movement between the cutter rotor and the cutting screen counter to the first prestressing direction is prevented.
2. Cutting apparatus (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first face (410) is formed on a holding section (110) of the cutter rotor (100), the holding section being configured to connect the cutter rotor in a torsion-proof manner, preferably via a feather key (130), to a drive shaft (300), the drive shaft being configured to drive the cutter rotor rotationally.
3. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second face (420) is formed on a drive shaft (300).
4. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first face (410) is configured as a cone inner face or section of a cone inner face and/or the second face (420) is configured as a circumferential face of a cylinder or section of a circumferential face of a cylinder.
5. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second prestressing direction (450) lies in the direction of the first prestressing direction (630).
6. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second prestressing direction (450) lies counter to the first prestressing direction (630).
7. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clearance (400) is configured as an annular recess.
8. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free-wheeling body (431, 432) is configured as a ball.
9. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free-wheeling body (431, 432) is prestressed by means of a compression spring (441, 442) between the first and second faces (410, 420).
10. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutter rotor (100) is prestressed against the cutting screen (200) in such a way that the cutter rotor bears against the cutting screen with a substantially constant prestressing force, the prestressing force preferably being adjustable.
11. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestress of the cutter rotor (100) against the cutting screen (200) is generated by one, two or more tension springs (601, 602), the spring force of the tension spring/springs preferably being adjustable.
12. Cutting apparatus (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the tension spring/springs (601, 602) has/have a relatively great length in comparison with a wear travel of the cutter rotor (100).
13. Cutting apparatus (1) according to either of the two preceding claims and Claim 3, characterized in that the tension spring/springs (601, 602) is/are connected with a first end to the cutter rotor (100) and with a second end to the drive shaft (300).
14. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one clearance (400) and optionally one, two or more tension springs (601, 602) for prestressing the cutter rotor (100) against the cutting screen (200) is/are arranged in the cavity (511) of a hollow axle (510).
15. Cutting apparatus (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

    a. a holding section (110) of the cutter rotor (100) is connected in a torsion-proof manner via a feather key (130) to a drive shaft (300), the drive shaft being mounted in a rotatable and axially non-displaceable manner in a stationary hollow axle (510) which is coupled to the cutting screen (200) in an axially non-displaceable manner and being configured to drive the cutter rotor rotationally,

    b. the clearance (400) is configured as an annular recess in the holding section of the cutter rotor, which annular recess is coaxial with respect to the drive shaft, the first face (410) being formed as a cone inner face on the holding section of the cutter rotor and the second face (420) being formed as a circumferential face of the drive shaft,

    c. the axial spacing between the first and the second face increases in the direction towards the cutting screen,

    d. the at least one free-wheeling body (431, 432) is prestressed by means of at least one compression spring (441, 442),

    e. the cutter rotor is prestressed against the cutting screen by means of one, two or more tension springs (601, 602),

    f. the clearance, the tension spring/springs and at least one section of the drive shaft are arranged in the cavity (511) of the hollow axle, and

    g. the tension spring/springs has/have a relatively great length in comparison with a wear travel of the cutter rotor.