HK1156435B - Hermetically sealed capacitor assembly and production method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Sealed capacitor device and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a capacitor device, in particular to a sealed capacitor device.

Background

Electrolytic capacitors, such as tantalum capacitors, are increasingly used in circuit design due to their good volumetric efficiency, reliability and operating compatibility. For example, a solid electrolytic capacitor is a mature capacitor comprising an anode (e.g., tantalum), a dielectric oxide film (e.g., tantalum pentoxide, Ta) formed on the anode₂O₅) A solid dielectric layer, and a cathode. The solid dielectric layer may be formed from a conductive polymer, as described in US 5457862 (Sakata et al), US 5473503 (Sakata et al), US 5729428 (Sakata et al) and US 5812367 (Kudoh et al). Unfortunately, however, these solid electrolytes have a tendency to switch from the doped state to the undoped state or vice versa at high temperatures, and thus have low stability. As a result of the switching, the conductivity decreases, which has a direct effect on the capacitance size and the equivalent series resistance value of the capacitor and leads to a decrease in the operating performance of the capacitor.

Therefore, there is a need for a solid electrolytic capacitor having more excellent performance in a high temperature environment.

Disclosure of Invention

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sealed capacitor device with high thermal stability, and a method for manufacturing the capacitor device.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a capacitor device is provided that includes a capacitor including an anode body, a dielectric, and a solid electrolyte overlying the dielectric. An anode lead is electrically connected to the anode body and extends in the longitudinal direction. A first portion of a lead frame is placed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the anode lead and connected to the anode lead. The electrolytic capacitor and the first portion of the lead frame are hermetically placed in a ceramic housing that provides a chamber in which atmospheric gases (including an inert gas) are present. In addition, an anode terminal is electrically connected to the lead frame and a cathode terminal is electrically connected to the solid electrolyte.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of fabricating a capacitor device is provided. The method includes connecting an anode lead of an electrolytic capacitor to a first portion of a lead frame, wherein the first portion of the lead frame is positioned substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal direction in which the anode lead extends. The electrolytic capacitor and the first portion of the lead frame are placed within a ceramic housing. The solid electrolyte of the capacitor is electrically connected to a cathode terminal and the lead frame is electrically connected to an anode terminal. A lid is placed over the ceramic shell. Further, in the case where an atmospheric gas (containing an inert gas) chamber is provided in the ceramic case, the lid is sealed to the ceramic case.

Drawings

The invention, including the best mode and all possible disclosure thereof, will be best understood by those skilled in the art from a consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a capacitive device of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a perspective view of a lead frame and a capacitor in an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, generally, the present invention is directed to a capacitor assembly (capacitor assembly) comprising an electrolytic capacitor including an anode body, a dielectric overlying the anode body, and a solid state capacitor overlying the dielectric. An anode lead is also electrically connected to the anode body and extends in the longitudinal direction. The anode lead is connected to the "stand-up" portion of a lead frame. This may help, among other things, limit the wide range of horizontal movement of the wire and improve the mechanical robustness of the part. The capacitor and lead frame are enclosed and sealed in a ceramic housing in which an inert gas is present. The ceramic shell may limit oxygen and moisture supplied to the conductive polymer of the capacitor. In this way, the possibility of the solid electrolyte (e.g., conductive polymer) reacting under high temperature conditions is reduced, and thus the thermal stability of the capacitor device is improved.

Various embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail.

I. Electrolytic capacitor

The anode body may be formed from a valve metal (valve metal) composition having a high charge-to-mass ratio, wherein the charge-to-mass ratio of the valve metal composition may be about 40000 μ F V/g or more, in some embodiments about 50000 μ F V/g or more, in some embodiments about 60000 μ F V/g or more, and in some embodiments, the charge-to-mass ratio may range from about 70000 μ F V/g to about 700000 μ F V/g. The valve metal composition comprises a valve metal (i.e., a metal having oxidizing ability) or a valve metal-based compound, such as tantalum, niobium, aluminum, hafnium, titanium, and alloys, oxides, nitrides, and the like thereof. The valve metal composition may include, for example, a conductive oxide of niobium, such as a niobium oxide having an atomic ratio of niobium to oxygen of 1:1.0 + -1.0, in some embodiments 1:1.0 + -0.3, in some embodiments 1:1.0 + -0.1, and in some embodiments 1:1.0 + -0.05. The niobium oxide may be, for example, NbO_0.7、NbO_1.0、NbO_1.1And NbO₂. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises NbO_1.0Niobium of this kindThe conductive oxide of (a) can maintain chemical stability even under high-temperature sintering. Examples of such valve metal oxides can be found in US 6322912 (Fife applications), US 6391275 (Fife et al), US 6416730 (Fife et al), US 6527937 (Fife applications), US 6576099 (Kimmel et al), US 6592740 (Fife et al), US 6639787 (Kimmel et al) and US 7220397 (Kimmel et al), and also in US 2005/0019581 (Schnitter et al), US 2005/0103638 (Schnitter et al), US 2005/0013765 (Thomas et al).

Conventional manufacturing steps may be used to fabricate the anode body. In one embodiment, a tantalum oxide or niobium oxide powder having a certain particle size is preferably selected. By way of example, the particles may be lamellar, angular, nodular, and mixtures or variations thereof. Typically, the mesh size of these particles will range from about at least 60 mesh, in some embodiments between 60 mesh and 325 mesh, and in some embodiments between 100 mesh and 200 mesh. Further, it has a specific surface area of 0.1 to 10 m²Between/g, and in some embodiments between 0.5 and 5.0 m²Between/g, some embodiments are between 1.0 and 2.0 m²Between/g. "specific surface area" refers to the surface area determined by physical gas adsorption (B.E.T) of nitrogen, as proposed by Bruranauer, Emmet and Teller, at page 309 of the United states chemical society, 60, 1938. Also, typical bulk density (or Scott density) values are from about 0.1 to about 5.0 g/cm³And in certain embodiments from about 0.2 to about 4.0 g/cm³And in certain embodiments from about 0.5 to about 3.0 g/cm³In the meantime.

Other components may be added to the conductive particles in order to facilitate the manufacture of the anode body. For example, the conductive particles may optionally be mixed with a binder and/or lubricant to ensure that the particles adhere more strongly to each other when extruded to form the anode body. Suitable binders include camphor, hard and other saponified fatty acids, polyethylene glycol, calanthan resin, naphthalene spheres, vegetable waxes, mixed waxes (purified paraffin wax), polymeric binders (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene (ethyl-2-oxazoline), etc.), and the like. The binder can dissolve and disappear in the solvent. Typical solvents may include water, alcohols, and the like. When used, the percentage of binder and/or lubricant may vary between about 0.1% to 8% of the total mass. It is to be understood, however, that binders and lubricants are not required in the present invention.

The powder may be compacted by means of conventional powder compaction moulds. For example, the stamping may be in the form of a single-point stamping (single station compression) using a die and one or more stamping operations. Alternatively, the use of an anvil-type die requires only a die and a single lower punch. The form of single-point press is available in several basic types, such as cam presses (cam), toggle/crank presses (toggle/crank), and eccentric/crank presses (eccentric/crank), which have different properties, such as single action, double action, movable press (floating die), movable flat press (movable flat), butt-impact (open ram), spinning (screen), stamping (impact), hot pressing, stamping, or sizing. If desired, after compression molding is complete, all of the binder/lubricant may be removed by heating the particulate mass in a vacuum for several minutes (e.g., at a temperature between 150 ℃ and 500 ℃). Alternatively, the binder/lubricant may be removed by contacting the particulate mass with an aqueous solution, as described in US 6197252. The anode body may then be sintered to form a porous monolithic mass. As in one embodiment, sintering may occur in a vacuum environment or an inert gas environment at a temperature between about 1200 c and about 2000 c, and in some embodiments, between about 1500 c and about 1800 c.

The thickness of the extruded anode body may be relatively thin, typically 4 mm or less, in some embodiments between about 0.05 and about 2 mm, and in some embodiments, between about 0.1 and about 1 mm. The shape of the anode body may also be preferred to be one that improves the electrical performance of the resulting capacitor. The shape of the anode body may be, for example, arc-shaped, sinusoidal, rectangular, U-shaped, V-shaped, etc. The anode body may also be provided with a "notch" having a shape comprising one or more of a wrinkle, a furrow, a depression, a jagged notch to increase the surface to volume ratio to minimize the equivalent series resistance and extend the frequency response characteristics of the capacitor. Descriptions of such "slotted" anode bodies are found in U.S. patent nos. US 6191936 (Webber et al), US 5949639 (Maeda et al) and US 3345545 (Bourgault et al) and also in U.S. patent application publication No. US 2005/0270725 (Hahn et al).

An anode lead is connected to the anode body and extends in the longitudinal direction. The anode lead may be in the form of a wire, foil, etc., and may be made of a valve metal compound, such as tantalum, niobium oxide, etc. The lead may be attached by known techniques such as welding the lead to the anode body or embedding the lead therein during fabrication of the anode body (e.g., prior to pressing and/or sintering).

The anode body may be anodized to form a dielectric thereon. Anodization is an electrochemical process whereby an anode is oxidized to form a material with a relatively high dielectric constant. For example, tantalum anodes are anodized to tantalum pentoxide (Ta)₂O₅). The anodization process is generally accomplished by initially reacting the electrolyte with the anode body (e.g., immersing the anode in the electrolyte). The electrolyte is generally present in liquid form, such as a solution (aqueous or non-aqueous), dispersion, melt, and the like. A solvent such as water (e.g., deionized water), diethyl ether (e.g., diethyl ether) and tetrahydrofuran), alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and butanol), triglycerides, ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone), esters, is usually added to the electrolyteSuch as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, acetic acid and methyl propyl acetate, amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylcaprylic/capric fatty acid amide and N-alkylpyrrolidones, nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and benzonitrile, sulfoxides or sulfones such as Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and sulfolane, and the like. The solvent may be present in an amount of between about 50% and about 99.9%, in some embodiments between about 75% and about 99%, and in some embodiments, between about 80% and about 95% by weight of the electrolyte. Although not required, an aqueous solvent (e.g., water) is often used to help obtain the desired oxide. In practice, the percentage of water by mass of solvent used in the electrolyte may be about 50% or more, in some embodiments about 70% or more, and in some embodiments, about 90% or more.

The electrolyte conducts electricity by ions and may have an ionic conductivity of about 1 milli-centimeter per centimeter (mS/cm) or more, in certain embodiments about 30 mS/cm or more, and in certain embodiments between about 40 mS/cm and 100 mS/cm, which is the data size at 25 ℃. In order to improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, compounds capable of dissociating in a solvent and generating ions may be used. Suitable compounds may include, for example: acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, boric acid, boronic acids, and others; organic acids including carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, salicylic acid, sulfonic acids, adipic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, oleic acid, gallic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid propionic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, glutaric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, itaconic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, barbituric acid, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy acids, p-aminobenzoic acid, and others; sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, hydroxy acids, dodecylsulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and others; polymeric acids such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and their copolymers (e.g., maleic acrylic acid, sulfonic acrylic acid and styrene acrylic acid copolymers), carrageenan (carageenic acid), carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid and others; and so on. The concentration of these ionic compounds needs to be selected in order to achieve the desired ionic conductivity. For example, the acid (e.g., phosphoric acid) may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5%, in some embodiments about 0.05% to about 0.8%, and in some embodiments about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of the electrolyte. Mixtures of various ionic compounds may also be added to the electrolyte, if desired.

The dielectric is produced by passing electricity through the electrolyte. The magnitude of this voltage value determines the thickness of the dielectric. For example, the power supply may initially be set to a constant current mode (galvanostatic mode) until the required voltage level is reached. After that, the power supply can be switched to a constant voltage mode (capacitive mode) to ensure that a desired dielectric thickness can be formed on the surface of the anode. Of course, other known methods, such as pulsed or stepped constant pressure methods, can also be applied. The voltage level is generally in the range of 4 to 200V, and in some embodiments, in the range of 9 to 100V. During the anodization process, the electrolyte is maintained at a high temperature, approximately 30 ℃ or higher, in some embodiments between 40 ℃ and 200 ℃, and in some embodiments between 50 ℃ and 100 ℃. The anodization process may also be performed at ambient temperature or at a lower temperature. The resulting dielectric can be formed on the surface of the anode body and within the pores thereof.

The dielectric may optionally be formed with a further protective layer, which may be made of a relatively insulating resin material (natural or synthetic). These materials may have resistivities in excess of 10 ohm/cm, in some embodiments in excess of 100 ohm/cm, in some embodiments in excess of 1000 ohm/cm, and in some embodiments in excess of 1x10⁵Ohm/cm, and in some embodiments, greater than 1x10¹⁰Ohm/cm. Some of the resinous materials that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, unsaturated esters or saturated fatty acids(e.g., glycerides), and the like. By way of example, suitable fatty acid esters include, but are not limited to, laurates, myristates, palmitates, stearates, eleostearates, oleates, linoleates, linolenates, lacoarolates, and the like. These fatty acid esters have been found to be particularly suitable for use in relatively complex mixtures to produce "drying oils" which rapidly polymerize the resulting thin layer into a stable layer. These drying oils may include mono-and diglycerides, sorbitan monooleate and/or triglycerides having glycerol linkages of 1,2 and 3, wherein the fatty acyl residues are esterified. Some suitable drying oils that may be used include, but are not limited to, olive oil, linseed oil, castor oil, tung oil, soybean oil, and shellac. These and other protective layer materials are described in more detail in US patent US 6674635.

In any case, the structure is subject to the solid electrolyte fabrication steps. For example, the manganese dioxide solid electrolyte may be made of manganese nitrate (Mn (NO)₃)₂) And (4) decomposing the raw materials to obtain the finished product. This technique is described in US patent US 4945452. Alternatively, the solid-state electrolyte may be made of one or more conductive polymer layers. The conductive polymers applied to these layers are generally pi-conjugated and become conductive after oxidation or reduction. Examples of these pi-conjugated conductive polymers include polyheterocycles (e.g., polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, etc.), polythiophene, polyparaphenylene, polyphenolic, and the like. Suitable polythiophenes can include polythiophenes and related derivatives, such as polyethylene (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT). In a particular embodiment, the polythiophene derivative used has a repeating unit as shown in general formula (I) or general formula (II) has a repeating unit of general formula (I) and general formula (II):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a is C containing various substituents₁To C₅Alkylene (e.g. methylene, ethylene, aziridine, etc.),n-butene, n-pentyl, etc.);

r is linear or branched C containing various substituents₁To C₁₈Alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, etc.); c containing various substituents₅To C₁₂Cycloalkyl groups (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, etc.); c containing various substituents₆To C₁₄Aromatic hydrocarbon groups (phenyl, naphthyl, etc.); c7 to C18 aralkyl groups having various substituents (e.g., benzyl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, 2, 3-xylyl, 2, 4-xylyl, 2, 5-xylyl, 2-6-xylyl, 3-4-xylyl, 3, 5-xylyl, phenyl, etc.); c containing various substituents₁To C₄Hydroxyalkyl or hydroxy; and

x is an integer between 0 and 8, in some embodiments between 0 and 2, and in some embodiments x is 0. Examples of substituents "A" or "R" are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, halogen, ether, thioether, disulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonic acid, amino, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylate, carboxylic acid, carbonate, carboxylate, cyano, silane and alkoxysilane families, carboxyl-type derivative families, and the like.

The sum of the number of repeating units of formula (I) or formula (II) or formula (I) and formula (II) is generally between 2 and 2000, and in certain embodiments, between 2 and 100.

Particularly suitable derivatives are those wherein "A" is C containing various substituents₂To C₃Polythiophene derivatives wherein x is 0 or 1. In a particular embodiment, the polythiophene derivative isPEDT having a repeating unit of formula (II) wherein "A" is CH₂-CH₂And "x" is 0. Methods for making such polythiophene derivatives are well known in the art and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4, 6987663. Polythiophene derivatives may be formed from a monomeric precursor (monomer precusor), which may be a thiophene containing various substituents. Particularly suitable monomer precursors are substituted 3, 4-alkyldioxythiophenes of the same general formulae (III), (IV) or mixtures of thiophenes of the general formulae (III) and (IV):

wherein A, R and X are as defined above.

Examples of these monomer precursors are 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophenes having various substituents. Certain derivatives of the monomer precursors, such as dimers or trimers of the above-mentioned monomer precursors, may also be used. Higher molecular derivatives of the monomer precursors such as tetramers, pentamers, etc. are also suitable for use in the present invention. These derivatives may consist of the same or different monomers and may be used alone or in admixture with one another and/or monomer precursors. These precursors may also be used in the oxidized or reduced state.

The monomer precursors are generally oxidatively polymerized with the aid of an oxidizing agent in order to form the desired conductive polymer. The oxidizing agent may be a transition metal salt, such as an inorganic or organic acid salt containing a cation of iron (III), copper (II), chromium (VI), cerium (IV), manganese (VII), or ruthenium (III). Particularly suitable transition metal salts contain iron (III) cations, e.g. iron (III) halides (e.g. FeCl)₃) Or iron (III) salts of other inorganic acids, e.g. Fe (ClO)₄)₃Or Fe₂(SO₄)₃And Iron (III) salts of organic and inorganic acids containing organic groups. Examples of iron (III) salts of inorganic acids containing organic radicals are C₁To C₂₀Of sulfuric monoesters of alkanolsIron (III) salts (e.g., lauryl iron (III) sulfate). Likewise, an example of an iron (III) salt of an organic acid is C₁To C₂₀Iron (III) salts of alkanesulfonic acids, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane or dodecanesulfonic acid, iron (III) salts of fatty sulfonic acids, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, perfluorosulfonic acid or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, C₁To C₂₀Iron (III) salts of carboxy fatty acids (e.g. 2-ethylhexylcarboxy acid), iron (III) salts of perfluorocarboxylic fatty acids (e.g. trifluoroacetic acid or perfluorooctanoic acid), C-containing salts₁To C₂₀Iron (III) salts of alkyl substituted aromatic sulfonic acids (e.g., benzenesulfonic acid, o-toluenesulfonic acid, p-methanesulfonic acid, or dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), iron (III) salts of cycloalkanesulfonic acids (e.g., camphorsulfonic acid), and the like. The iron (III) salts mentioned above can also be used in mixtures. Iron (III) p-toluenesulfonate and iron (III) o-toluenesulfonate are particularly suitable for use in the present invention.

Various methods can be used to apply the electrolyte to the anode body. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent and the monomer precursor are used sequentially or simultaneously, in which case the polymerization reaction will occur in part in situ. Suitable techniques for creating the conductive polymer layer include screen printing, etching, electro-coating, and spray-rinsing. For example, the monomer precursor (e.g., 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) may be initially mixed with an oxidizing agent to form a solvent. One suitable oxidant is CLEVOS^TMC, the oxidizing agent is an iron III tosylate sold by h.c. Starck. CLEVIOS^TMC is CLEVIOS^TMCommercial catalysts of M, CLEVOS^TMM is 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene, also a monomer sold by h.c. Starck. When the mixture is formed, the anode body may then be immersed in a solvent such that the polymer is formed on the surface of the anode body. Optionally, the oxidant and precursor may be applied separately to the anode body. For example, in one embodiment, the oxidant is dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g., butanol), and then the oxidant is reacted with the anode body as an impregnation solution, and the anode body is dried to remove the solvent. Thereafter, the anode body may be dipped into a solution containingIn solution with the appropriate monomers.

Since the monomer is attached to the surface of the anode body containing the oxidant, the monomer can undergo chemical polymerization. The polymerization process may occur at a temperature of between about-10 c and 250 c, and in some embodiments, between about 0 c and 200 c, depending on the oxidizing agent used and the desired reaction time. Suitable polymerization techniques as described above are described in more detail in U.S. patent publication No. US 2008/232037. Other suitable methods for the conductive polymer layer are described in US 5457862, US 5473503, US 5729428 and US 5812367.

In addition to the in-situ reaction, the solid electrolyte may be applied to a portion of the solid conductive polymer particles in a dispersed distribution. Although the size may vary, it is generally desirable that the particles have a small diameter to increase the effective surface area for attachment to the anode body. For example, the particles may range in diameter from about 1 to 500 nanometers, in some embodiments, from about 5 to 400 nanometers, and in some embodiments, from about 10 to 300 nanometers. D of microparticles₉₀Values (90% of the total solid particles by particles less than or equal to this diameter value) may be about 15 microns or less, and in some embodiments about 10 microns or less, and in some embodiments between about 1 nm and about 8 nm. The diameter of the particles can be determined using known techniques, such as ultracentrifuge, laser diffraction, and the like.

Neutralization of charged conductive polymers with separate counterions can increase the rate of conversion of the conductive polymer (e.g., polythiophene) to microparticles. That is, the conductive polymers used in solid electrolytes, such as polythiophene or its derivatives, typically have a charge on the main polymer chain, which is neutral or positive (cationic). For example, derivatives of polythiophene generally have a positive charge on the main polymer chain. In some cases, the polymer will have positive or negative charges on the building block, with positive charges distributed on the main polymer chain and negative charges optionally grouped on substituents of the "R" group, such as in the sulfonate or carboxylate group. The positive charge on the main polymer chain may be partially or fully saturated with the selected anion present on the "R" group. As a whole, polythiophenes can in some cases be cationic, with a neutral arrangement being anionic. However, since polythiophenes carry a positive charge on their main chain, they are all considered cationic polythiophenes.

The counterion may be a monomeric anion or a polymeric anion. For example, the polymeric anion may be an anion of a polycarboxylic acid (e.g., polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, etc.), a polysulfonic acid (e.g., polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), polyvinylsulfonic acid, etc.), and the like. These acidic materials may also be copolymers, such as copolymers of vinyl carboxylic and vinyl sulfonic acids with other polymeric monomers (e.g., acrylates and styrene). Likewise, suitable monomeric anions include, for example, C₁To C₂₀Alkanesulfonic acids (e.g. dodecanesulfonic acid), perfluorinated aliphatic sulfonic acids (e.g. trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, perfluorosulfonic acid or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), C₁To C₂₀Carboxy fatty acids (e.g. 2-ethylhexylcarboxy acid), perfluorocarboxy fatty acids (e.g. trifluoroacetic acid or perfluorooctanoic acid), C-containing₁To C₂₀Alkyl-substituted aromatic sulfonic acids (e.g., benzenesulfonic acid, o-toluenesulfonic acid, p-methanesulfonic acid, or dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), cycloalkanesulfonic acids (e.g., camphorsulfonic acid or tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, perchloric acid, hexafluoroantimonic acid, hexafluoroarsenic acid, or hexachloroantimonic acid), and the like. Particularly suitable counterions are polymeric anions such as polycarboxylic or sulfonic acids (e.g., polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS)). The molecular weight of these polymeric anions is generally between about 1000 and 2000000, and in some embodiments, between about 2000 and 500000.

When used, the weight ratio of these counterions to the conductive polymer on known solid electrolyte layers is generally between about 05:1 and 50:1, in some embodiments between about 1:1 and 30:1, and in some embodiments, between about 2:1 and 20: 1. Assuming that the conversion occurring during the polymerization is complete, the weight of the electrically conductive polymer corresponds to the weight ratio mentioned above, which relates to the weight of part of the monomers used.

In addition to the conductive polymer and optional counter ions, the dispersion may also include one or more binders to further improve the adhesion of the polymer layer and also to enhance the stability of the microparticles within the dispersion. The binder may be a natural organic substance, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylate, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, styrene/acrylate, vinyl acetate/acrylate and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polyether, polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, polysulfone, melamine-formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin or cellulose. A cross-linking agent (crosslinking agent) may also be used in order to improve the adhesive ability of the adhesive. These crosslinking agents may include, for example, melamine compounds, isocyanates or functional silanes, such as 3-glycidoxypropyl 3-alkoxysilane (3-glycidoxypropyl) tetraethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane hydrolysates or crosslinked polymers, such as polyurethanes, polyacrylates or polyolefins, and subsequent crosslinking.

The use of a dispersant may facilitate the travel of the solid electrolyte and enhance its ability to be applied to the anode body. Suitable dispersants include solvents such as aliphatic alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, mono-propanol, and butanol), aliphatic ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), aliphatic carboxylic acid esters (e.g., ethyl acetate and butyl acetate), (e.g., toluene, xylene aromatics), aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane, heptane, cyclohexane), chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., dichloromethane and dichloroethane), aliphatic nitriles (e.g., acetonitrile), aliphatic sulfoxides and sulfones (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane), aliphatic carboxylic acid amides (e.g., methylacetamide, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide), aliphatic and araliphatic ethers (e.g., diethyl ether and anisole), water, and mixtures of any of the foregoing solvents. Water is a particularly suitable dispersant.

Other ingredients may be used in the dispersant in addition to those mentioned above. For example, conventional fillers having a size of between about 10 nanometers and 100 millimeters may be used, with some embodiments having a size of between about 50 nanometers and 50 millimeters, and some embodiments having a size of between about 100 nanometers and 30 millimeters. These fillers include calcium carbonate, silicates, silica, calcium sulfate or barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, glass fibers or bulbs, wood flour, carbon black cellulose powder, conductive polymers, and the like. The filler may be introduced into the dispersion in the form of a powder or may be added to the dispersion in other forms, such as fibers.

Surface-active substances, such as ionic or nonionic surfactants, may also be used in the dispersant. The dispersant may further comprise a binder such as an organofunctional silane or a hydrolysate thereof, for example, 3-glycidoxypropyltrialkoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxy, vinyltrimethoxysilane or octyltriethoxysilane. The dispersant may also contain additives which improve conductivity, such as ether-containing compounds (e.g., tetrahydrofuran), lactone-containing compounds (e.g., γ -butyrolactone and γ -lactone), amide-or lactam-containing compounds (e.g., caprolactam, N-methylhexanamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylacetamide, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylamide, N-methylanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N-octylpyrrolidone, or pyrrolidone), sulfones and sulfoxides (e.g., sulfone (cyclobutane sulfone) or Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)), sugars or sugar derivatives (e.g., sucrose, glucose, fructose, or lactose), sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol or mannitol), furan derivatives (e.g., 2-furoic acid, 3-furoic acid), alcohols (e.g., ethylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol).

The polymeric dispersant may be applied to the moiety by various known techniques, such as spin coating,Dipping, casting, beading, injection molding, spraying, doctor blading, painting, or printing (e.g., ink jet, screen printing, or pad printing). Although it depends to a large extent on the technique used, the viscosity of the dispersants is generally between about 0.1 and 100000mPas (at a shear rate of 100 s)^-1Measured), in some embodiments between about 1 and 10000mPAS, in some embodiments between about 10 and 1500mPAS, and in some embodiments between about 100 and 1000 mPAS. After application the layer is dried and washed.

As described above, the solid electrolyte may be formed in one or more layers. Where multiple layers are used, the layers may be formed from a conductive polymer formed in situ and/or from a self-polymerizing dispersant. Each layer may be produced by one or more coating steps. For example, the solid electrolyte may include a first conductive polymeric layer coupled to a dielectric, such as a conductive polymer (e.g., PEDT) formed in situ by a polymerization process of an oxidant and a monomer precursor. The solid state electrolyte may also include a second conductive polymeric layer disposed generally over the first conductive polymeric layer, which may be formed from a particulate dispersion including a conductive polymer (e.g., PEDT), a binder, and optionally a counterion (e.g., PSS). One of the benefits of using such a dispersant is that it can penetrate into the edge region of the capacitor body to achieve good electrical contact with the internal delamination and improve adhesion of the capacitor body. This can provide a more robust structure, reducing the equivalent series resistance and the magnitude of leakage current.

Regardless of the method used to form the solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte may be bonded while acting on the anode body. The bonding can take place after each pass of the solid electrolyte or after the entire coating process when multiple layering is used. For example, in some embodiments, the solid electrolyte may be combined by immersing the cluster of particles in an electrolytic solution, which may be an acidic solution, and then supplying power to the solution until the current level drops to a predetermined level. This bonding can be accomplished in multiple steps, if desired. After some or all of the above-described processes are completed, if it is desired to remove various by-products, excess oxidizing agents, etc., the resulting portion may then be subjected to subsequent cleaning. Further, in some cases, drying may be required after some or all of the etching steps described above. For example, drying may be required after the use of an oxidizing agent and/or after the cleaning of the clusters to ensure that the pores in this portion are open so that they can be absorbed into the liquid when subjected to a subsequent etching step.

If desired, this portion may optionally be treated with a carbon layer (e.g., graphite) and a silver layer, respectively. The silver layer may for example serve as a solder conductor, a connection layer and/or a collector of the capacitor, while the carbon layer may limit the contact between the silver layer and the solid-state electrolyte. These coatings may cover some or all of the solid-state electrolyte.

II ceramic housing

As mentioned above, the present invention also provides a ceramic housing for enclosing the hermetically sealed capacitor. In general, it is desirable to seal the capacitor with a ceramic housing in the presence of atmospheric gases containing at least one inert gas to inhibit oxidation of the conductive polymer cathode during use. The inert gas may include, for example, nitrogen, helium, argon, xenon, neon, krypton, or radon, among others, mixtures of which are also useful. The inert gas generally comprises a majority of the atmosphere within the ceramic shell, e.g., between about 50% and 100%, in some embodiments between about 75% and 100%, and in some embodiments, between about 90% and 99% by mass of the total mass of the atmosphere. Smaller amounts of non-inert gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor, and the like may also be used if desired. In some cases, however, the non-inert gas will generally comprise about 15% or less, in some embodiments about 1% or less, and in some embodiments, between about 0.01% and about 1% of the total mass of atmospheric gas within the ceramic envelope. For example, the moisture content (generally expressed in terms of relative humidity) may be about 10% or less, in some embodiments about 5% or less, in some embodiments about 1% or less, and in some embodiments, between about 0.01% and about 5%.

The ceramic shell may include one or more layers of materials such as aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and the like. The length and width of the ceramic shell depend on the intended process. For example, in one embodiment, the length of the housing (in the-y direction in FIG. 1) is between about 2.0 and 10.0 millimeters, in some embodiments between about 2.5 and 8 millimeters, and in some embodiments between 3.0 and 6.5 millimeters. The width of the housing may be between about 1.0 and 5 millimeters, in some embodiments between about 1.5 and 4.5 millimeters, and in some embodiments between 2.0 and 3.5 millimeters. The total height of the housing (in the-z direction in fig. 1) can be chosen small so that the resulting device can be readily incorporated into thin products. For example. The thickness of the housing may be about 5.0 millimeters or less, in some embodiments between about 0.4 and 3.5 millimeters, and in some embodiments between about 0.5 and 3.0 millimeters.

The way in which the capacitor is electrically connected to the ceramic housing preferably forms a structurally strong part, which in turn ensures good electrical performance. More specifically, the anode lead is electrically connected to a lead frame that is placed within the ceramic housing. The lead frame has an upright portion connected to the leads and restricting movement of the leads in a horizontal direction. In this way, the lead frame can both enhance surface contact and mechanical stability of the leads during use, thereby providing a robust portion with good electrical performance.

For example, referring to the embodiment of a capacitor device 100 of fig. 1-2, it includes a ceramic housing 120 and an electrolytic capacitor 20. Capacitive device 100 also includes a lead frame 62 comprised of a first portion 67 and a second portion 65. The first portion 67 and the second portion 65 may be integral or discrete components connected directly or by an additional conductive member (e.g., metal). In the embodiment of the drawings, the second portion 65 lies in a plane that is generally parallel to the longitudinal direction (e.g., -y direction) in which the leads 6 extend. By the first portion 67 being "upright" it is meant that it lies in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in which the leads 6 extend. The first portion 67 of the lead frame 62 may also have a mounting area 51 (see fig. 2) that is connected to an anode lead 6. The region 51 may further be "U" shaped to enhance surface contact and mechanical stability of the lead 6. The connection of the area 51 and the lead 6 may be achieved by any known technique, such as welding, laser welding, conductive adhesive, etc. For example, in one particular embodiment, area 51 of lead frame 62 is laser welded to anode lead 6. Regardless of the technique chosen, however, the first portion 67 may maintain the anode lead 6 in a stable horizontal orientation, thereby further enhancing the dimensional stability of the capacitive device 100.

External terminals (e.g., pins, pads, sheets, plates, frames, etc.) of the anode and cathode may be used to mount the capacitive device to a surface. The terminals may extend out of the ceramic housing for connection to a lead frame and capacitor. The thickness or height of the terminals is generally selected to be of a size such that the capacitive device has a minimum thickness. For example, the thickness of the terminals may range between about 0.05 and 1 millimeter, in some embodiments between about 0.05 and 0.5 millimeters, and between about 0.1 and 0.2 millimeters. If desired, the surface of the terminal may be plated with nickel, silver, gold, tin, etc., as is well known in the art, for the purpose of adapting the resulting part for mounting on a circuit board. In a particular embodiment, the terminals have nickel and silver flashes, respectively, and the mounting surface is also plugged with a tin solder layer. In another embodiment, the terminals are provided with a thin metal outer layer (e.g., gold) on a base metal layer (e.g., copper alloy) for further enhancing electrical conductivity.

Referring again to fig. 1, lead frame 62 and capacitor 20 of one embodiment of the present invention are connected to the ceramic housing by anode and cathode terminals 127 and 129, respectively. More specifically, the ceramic housing 120 includes a bottom wall 122 and two opposing side walls 124 that define a chamber 126 therebetween that contains the capacitor 20. Bottom wall 122 and side walls 124 are comprised of one or more of the ceramic cullet layers described above. In this particular embodiment, the anode terminal 127 includes a first region 127a disposed within the ceramic housing 120 and electrically connected to the lead frame 62 and a second region 127b disposed outside the ceramic housing 120 and providing a mounting portion 201. Likewise, the cathode terminal 129 includes a first region 129a disposed within the ceramic housing 120 and electrically connected to the solid electrolyte and a second region 129b disposed outside the ceramic housing 120 and providing a mounting portion 203. It will be appreciated that the entire portion of these desired areas are not placed inside or outside the housing.

The connection of terminals 127 and 129 may be accomplished using any known technique, such as welding, laser welding, conductive adhesive, and the like. For example, in one particular embodiment, a conductive adhesive 131 is used to connect the lead frame 62 to the anode terminal 127. Similarly, a conductive adhesive 129 is used for connecting the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor 20 and the cathode terminal 129. These conductive adhesives may be formed from conductive metal particles containing a resin compound. The conductive metal particles may be silver, copper, gold, platinum, nickel, zinc, bismuth, or the like. The resin compound may include a thermosetting resin (e.g., an epoxy resin), a curing agent (e.g., an acid anhydride), and a coupling agent (e.g., a silane coupling agent). Suitable conductive adhesives are described in U.S. patent application publication US 2006/0038304.

Of course, other techniques may be used to connect the terminals. For example, in some alternative embodiments, the terminals may be connected to the ceramic housing by conductive traces extending across the housing. Any conductive material may be used to form the conductive path, such as a conductive metal (e.g., copper, nickel, silver, zinc, tin, palladium, lead, copper, aluminum, molybdenum, titanium, iron, zirconium, tungsten, magnesium, and alloys thereof). Particularly suitable conductive metal materials include, for example, copper alloys (e.g., copper zirconium, copper magnesium, copper zinc, or copper iron), nickel, and nickel alloys (e.g., iron nickel). These conductive traces may be formed using any known technique, such as screen printing or spraying an ink with conductive metal onto the surface of the housing. Various techniques for creating conductive paths on ceramic enclosures are described in US 5314606, US 7304932, and also in US 2005/0167789 and US 2007/0138606.

Regardless of the method by which the terminals are connected, the resulting assembly is in a sealed state as described above. For example, referring to fig. 1, a cover 125 may be placed over the upper surface of the side wall 124 after the capacitor 20 is placed in the ceramic housing 120. The cover 125 may be made of ceramic, metal (e.g., iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, etc., and alloys thereof), and so forth. For example, in one embodiment, the lid comprises an alloy that is a nickel-cobalt-iron alloy. Housing 120 is generally sized such that cover 125 does not contact any surface of capacitor 20, thereby preventing contamination of capacitor 20. After the cover 125 is placed in the desired position, it is sealed to the sidewall 124 using known techniques, such as welding (e.g., resistance welding, laser welding, etc.), welding, and the like. The sealing process is generally carried out in the presence of an inert gas as described above, so that the resulting device can be substantially free from the action of reactive gases such as oxygen or water vapor.

Although not required, other layers and/or materials may be used in the ceramic housing 120. For example, one or more barriers (not shown) may be formed on the bottom wall 122, the side walls 124 and/or 125 to inhibit the device from being hermetically sealed and damaging the capacitor. This barrier may be made of various materials known in the art, such as some having an anti-reflective material that prevents the laser light from being reflected. These materials may include, for example, polymers such as epoxies, polyimides, polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene or polypropylene), optionally with price-adjusting filler particles (e.g., carbon black).

The capacitor device of the present invention can exhibit excellent electrical performance even when exposed to an extremely high temperature environment. For example, the capacitive device may have an Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of less than about 50 ohms, in some embodiments less than about 25 ohms, in some embodiments between about 0.01 and 10 ohms, and in some embodiments between about 0.05 and 5 ohms, as measured at an operating frequency of 100 Hz. In addition, leakage current (generally referred to as current flowing from one conductor to an adjacent conductor through an insulator) can be maintained at a low level. For example, the normalized leakage current value of the capacitors of the present invention is less than about 1 μ Α/μ Ρ ν in certain embodiments, less than about 0.5 μ Α/μ Ρ ν in certain embodiments, less than about 0.1 μ Α/μ Ρ ν in certain embodiments, wherein μ Α is microampere and μ Ρ ν is the product of capacitance and the rated voltage. These equivalent series resistance and normalized leakage current values are maintained even after aging at high temperatures for extended periods of time. For example, these values may be maintained over a temperature range of between about 100 ℃ and 250 ℃ for about 100 hours or more, in some embodiments between about 300 hours and 3000 hours, in some embodiments between about 400 hours and 2500 hours (e.g., 500 hours, 600 hours, 700 hours, 800 hours, 900 hours, 1000 hours, 1100 hours, 1200 hours, or 2000 hours), and in some embodiments the temperature may be in a range of between 100 ℃ and 225 ℃ (e.g., 100 ℃, 125 ℃, 150 ℃, 175 ℃, or 200 ℃).

The invention may be better understood with reference to the following examples.

Test procedure

Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and capacitance:

the equivalent series resistance was measured using a Keithley 3330 Precision LCZ meter with Kelvin Leads having a 0V bias value and a 1V signal value. The operating frequency was 100 kHz. The capacitance values were measured using a Keithley 3330 Precision LCZ meter with Kelvin Leads having a 2V bias value and a 1V signal value. The working frequency is 120Hz, the temperature is 23 DEG C+ 2℃。

Leakage current:

the leakage current (DCL) was measured using an MC 190 leakage current measuring instrument manufactured by mantracour Electronics LTD, UK, the temperature at which the MC 190 measures the leakage current was set at 25 ℃, and was measured at a certain rated operating voltage after 10 seconds.

Examples of such applications are

Initially, 100 samples of capacitive elements made from a tantalum anode having a size of 1.65x2.70x2.85 mm were prepared. Each anode was embedded with a tantalum lead wire and sintered at 1500 deg.C and pressed to 5.3g/cm³Density of size. To anodize the tantalum anode, we immersed the tantalum anode in a phosphoric acid or aqueous solution having a conductivity of 8.6 mS/cm and a temperature of 85 ℃. Then, 50 samples thereof were immersed in a solution of n-butanol (CLEVOS CB40, H.C. Starck) in iron (III) p-toluenesulfonic acid and immersed in 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (CLEVOS M, H.C. Starck) to polymerize, obtaining a PEDOT conductive polymer cathode. The remaining 50 samples were immersed in a conventional aqueous solution of manganese (II) nitric acid and dried to yield a MnO₂And a cathode. All 100 samples were then immersed in a graphite dispersion and a silver dispersion, respectively, and dried.

The tantalum wire of each resulting capacitor is then laser welded to the cut-out portion of the lead frame as described in fig. 1. The lead frame is made of copper-based material (prepared for PEDOT cathode samples) or NILO-based material (for MnO)₂Cathode sample preparation). The resulting capacitive element/lead frame system was then baked at 195 ℃ for 60 seconds.

The lead frame is first bonded to a gold anode terminal located in the cavity (see fig. 1), and then the cathode portion of the capacitor is bonded to a gold cathode terminal (see fig. 1). The adhesive used for the anode terminal was a silver-loaded epoxy adhesive (one-component, silver-loaded epoxy resin containing 80% silver flakes) and the adhesive used for the cathode terminal was a silver-loaded epoxy adhesive (one-component, silver-loaded epoxy resin containing 70% silver flakes). The resulting device was then heated in a pre-set convection oven at a temperature of 150 ℃ for 60 minutes to bake the adhesive. After baking, a metal cover is placed over the chamber and ensures that the inner surface of the cover and the outer surface of the fixed capacitor are not in direct contact. The resulting device was placed in a welding chamber and purged with nitrogen for 120 minutes before seam welding at 60 ℃. No welding or bonding process is performed after seam welding.

The resulting devices (not hermetically packaged) were subjected to rack testing in a 200 ℃ controller. After 2000 hours, the leakage current (DCL), Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and capacitance of the device were measured at room temperature (23 ℃ C. + -. 2 ℃ C.), to check whether the device showed any degradation.

The results obtained are listed below.

These and other modifications and variations to the present invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, it is to be understood that certain aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged both in whole or in part. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing is by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the invention or its claims.

Claims (17)

1. A sealed capacitor device, comprising:

an electrolytic capacitor including an anode body, a dielectric, and a solid electrolyte coated on the dielectric, wherein an anode lead is electrically connected to the anode body and extends in a longitudinal direction;

a lead frame including a first portion disposed at a position substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the anode lead and connected to the anode lead, wherein the lead frame further includes a second portion substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction in which the anode lead extends;

a ceramic housing enclosing the electrolytic capacitor and the first portion of the lead frame, the ceramic housing including two opposing side walls and a bottom wall, one of the side walls being separated from the bottom wall by a first region of the anode terminal and the other side wall being separated from the bottom wall by a first region of the cathode terminal, and the ceramic housing being provided with a chamber having an atmospheric gas, wherein the atmospheric gas comprises an inert gas;

an anode terminal electrically connected to the second portion of the lead frame, wherein a first region of the anode terminal is disposed within the ceramic housing and a second region of the anode terminal is disposed outside the ceramic housing; and

a cathode terminal electrically connected to the solid electrolyte, wherein a first region of the cathode terminal is disposed within the ceramic housing and a second region of the cathode terminal is disposed outside the ceramic housing.

2. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, wherein said anode body is made of a valve metal composition.

3. The sealed capacitor device of claim 2, wherein said valve metal composition comprises tantalum oxide and niobium oxide.

4. The sealed capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte comprises a conductive polymer.

5. The sealed capacitive device of claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer is polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyparaphenylene, polyphenolic, or a combination thereof.

6. The sealed capacitor device according to claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer is poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

7. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, wherein the inert gas comprises nitrogen, helium, argon, xenon, neon, krypton, radon, or combinations thereof.

8. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, wherein the inert gas comprises between 50% and 100% of the mass of atmospheric gas.

9. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, wherein the inert gas comprises between 75% and 100% of the mass of atmospheric gas.

10. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, wherein the oxygen comprises less than 1% by mass of atmospheric gas.

11. The encapsulated capacitive device of claim 1 wherein the second portion of the lead frame is electrically connected to the anode terminal by a conductive adhesive.

12. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, wherein the second portion is disposed within a ceramic housing.

13. The sealed capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte and the cathode terminal are electrically connected by a conductive paste.

14. The encapsulated capacitor device of claim 1, wherein said first portion of said lead frame is connected to said anode lead by welding.

15. The encapsulated capacitor device of claim 1, wherein said first portion of said lead frame includes a U-shaped mounting area for receiving said anode lead.

16. The sealed capacitor device of claim 1, further comprising a lid welded or soldered to the ceramic housing.

17. A method of making a sealed capacitive device, the method comprising:

preparing an electrolytic capacitor including an anode body, a dielectric body coated on the anode body, and a solid electrolyte coated on the dielectric body, wherein an anode lead is electrically connected to the anode body and extends in a longitudinal direction;

connecting the anode lead to a first portion of a lead frame, wherein the first portion of the lead frame is positioned substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal direction in which the anode lead extends, the lead frame further comprising a second portion substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction in which the anode lead extends;

placing the electrolytic capacitor and the first portion of the lead frame in a ceramic housing, wherein the ceramic housing comprises two opposing side walls and a bottom wall, wherein one side wall is separated from the bottom wall by a first region of the anode terminal and the other side wall is separated from the bottom wall by a first region of the cathode terminal, and;

electrically connecting a solid electrolyte of the capacitor and a cathode terminal, wherein a first region of the cathode terminal is disposed within the ceramic housing and a second region of the cathode terminal is disposed outside the ceramic housing;

electrically connecting the second portion of the lead frame to an anode terminal, wherein a first region of the anode terminal is disposed within the ceramic housing and a second region of the anode terminal is disposed outside the ceramic housing;

placing a cover over the ceramic shell; and are

The lid is sealed to the ceramic housing in the presence of an atmospheric gas containing an inert gas.