HK1155210A - Membrane panel - Google Patents

Description

Membrane type plate

The invention relates to a panel, characterized in that two opposite faces have elements that can transmit significant tensile forces in the plane of the panel.

Plates that bear (abtragen) loads in bending are disclosed in the prior art. Such panels are subjected to loads in the form of bending, such as the own weight of the panel itself and surface loads, for example due to wind or snow, and are supported at the edges by forces acting generally perpendicular to the panel. If the loads occurring are too great, the plate must be correspondingly reinforced by other supports (autoflager), such as, for example, struts (Stutz), so that it does not typically slip off the supports or bend at the midspan (Feldmitte). The larger the plate, the more total load must be borne. This generally requires a significant number of supports in the case of larger structures.

Plates are also known in the prior art, which have elements on two opposite sides for connecting adjacent plates. DE 3126440 describes, for example, a panel for reinforcing between two otherwise unstable profiles (profiles) as a spacer (Ausfachung), i.e. similar to a wind-resistant supportDE-OS 2125725 describes a plastic plate with elements in which only the caulking connection and the main bearing direction are distributed in the direction of the caulking (longitudinal direction). DE-OS 2752286 likewise describes a plastic plate with elements in which only a caulking connection is achieved and in which the load on the caulking is not introduced into the substructure. US 4573300 describes only plastic plates with elements in which only a caulking connection is achieved, the main bearing direction being in the longitudinal direction and in which the load on the caulking is not introduced into the substructure. The described prior art therefore only comprises a span of at most about 1.20m transverse to the plate.

It has now been found that higher spans can be achieved with the panels according to the invention, since, without being bound to this theory in this respect, the panels are not loaded in the bending mode, as is the case with conventional panels, but primarily in the tensile mode.

The plate is in this respect a substantially rectangular plate of plastic. In this case, this is a single sheet, also known as a solid sheet, or a multi-sheet, also known as a multi-wall sheet (Stegplatte). Such panels are used, for example, in wall or roof systems where large spans (tragwite) are present, for example in modern buildings such as stadiums. The Technical requirements and characteristics of such a plate are described in Leitlinie European Technical AprovalGuideline 010(ETAG 010).

In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a double wall panel (stegdoppelplane) or a multi wall panel (stegmehrfachplane). Such polycarbonate or sheets which may also be of other plastics have long been known and are processed by means of extrusion. Such panels consist of respective overlying and underlying narrow panels (Gurt) which are spaced apart by a large number of largely parallel strips at respective intervals, in this case in the region of 10mm or more, and which accordingly have a generally rectangular cavity. The double wall plate has an upper narrow plate and a lower narrow plate with a strip therebetween. The multi-wall panel has, in addition to the upper and lower narrow panels and the strips, further internal narrow panels (intermediate narrow panels) which are mostly arranged parallel to the upper and lower narrow panels. For example, three or four panels, depending on the number of narrow panels. In addition to double-walled or multi-walled plates of rectangular geometry, there are also corresponding plates of obliquely arranged narrow plates, which are also referred to as frame plates, for example.

The double-walled sheet or multi-walled sheet according to the invention has a thickness of more than 4mm, preferably 8 to 40mm, particularly preferably 15 to 30 mm. In this regard, the distance of the outer narrow plate (upper narrow plate and lower narrow plate) is described by such a thickness. Also referred to as total thickness or board height.

The invention furthermore relates to a panel which is characterized in that it has a span of more than 1.2m, preferably more than 1.5m, particularly preferably more than 2.0m and in particular more than 2.5 m.

The weight per unit area is usually more than 1.3kg/m²Preferably 1.7-6kg/m²Particularly preferably 2.5 to 5, in particular 2.6 to 4kg/m²Within the range of (1).

A typical thickness of the upper and lower narrow plates is in the range from 0.5 to 4mm, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. The strips and the intermediate narrow plates, if present, are generally thinner, for example 0.1 to 1.5 mm. The usual plate width predefined by the extrusion nozzle is between 100 and 3000 mm. Common plate lengths are in the range 500mm-15000 mm.

Polycarbonates have long been known as thermoplastically processable plastics. Polycarbonate plastics are predominantly aromatic polycarbonates based on bisphenols, in particular bisphenol a.

The production of multiwall sheets, for example from polycarbonate, has long been known and is described, for example, in "Technische Thermoplast, Kunststoff Handbuch 3/1, Hans Press", Munich, in particular pages 248-257.

Methods for applying additional layers, for example of polycarbonate, on one or both sides of the upper or lower strip are likewise known (see, for example, EP-A368094, EP-A372213, EP-A0548822). The cover layer comprises, for example, UV absorbers or pearlescent pigments and is applied by coextrusion, either by painting or by Reverse-Roll Coating (Reverse-Roll Coating).

"two opposing edges" means in this case two edges which run parallel to one another or substantially parallel to one another. Preferably the edges are parallel, wherein deviations of 5-10% are tolerable.

In one embodiment, "element" refers to a special shape which serves the purpose of fixing the plate on a correspondingly shaped support by means of a tensile force (auf Zug) (form-fitting, tension connection). The shaping means here that the plate itself is designed in such a way that two opposite surfaces are turned into this shaping. For example, the plates may have recesses parallel to the faces, such as grooves or hook-like grooves. Correspondingly, a substantially complementarily configured molding in the holder can then be inserted into the groove. In another embodiment, the shaping is a undercut (Hinterschnittverbinding).

In another embodiment, the plate, after its production, has means for the purpose of fixing the plate by means of a tensile force (auf Zug) to a correspondingly shaped holder. Such means may be, for example, rails extending along opposite faces. Such a device may in principle consist of any material that can absorb tensile forces, such as for example metal or plastic. Caulking techniques, such as, for example, gluing, welding, riveting, screwing or clamping, may be used for attaching the device to the panel.

In one embodiment, the elements are formed symmetrically across the length of the plate, that is, uniformly along the upper opposing faces along the total length. In another embodiment, the elements are formed along 50%, preferably along 90%, of the length of the face. In another embodiment, the element is bilaterally symmetrical.

"having" means herein that the opposing faces and the element can be connected to each other in any manner; the element can be part of the plate and thus of the surface, for example co-extruded therewith in the case of extruded plates, or the element can be mounted afterwards, for example like a rail or a slat made of the material of the plate or another material.

The feature "significant tensile forces can be transmitted in the plane of the plate" means in this context that the element can transmit tensile forces between the plate and a suitable holding means of the securing element. In this case, the tensile force is regarded as significant if a significant portion, in particular more than 60%, preferably more than 70%, particularly preferably more than 80%, in particular more than 90%, of the own weight of the plate itself and of the surface load, for example due to wind or snow, can thus be borne. The plate can thus be tensioned to some extent like a membrane between two opposite faces or can be tensioned itself under load (similar to a string construction). In one embodiment, the fixing means is formed such that a material stress of not more than 20MPa is achieved.

It will be understood that in the case of the multi-wall panels of the prior art, the main bearing direction is longitudinal, while only insignificant part is transverse, whereas the panels according to the invention are transverse.

The surface load is introduced into the bracket. It has been found that the plate according to the invention does not slip off the bracket because it is anchored and that no bending of the plate occurs at the mid-span because bending stresses are hardly generated at the mid-span.

In one embodiment the plate is transparent. The concept "transparent" is related to the visible spectral range; for characterization, a wavelength range of 380-780nm, in particular 550nm, was used. The light transmittance, denoted here by T, is mainly denoted in the scientific literature by τ D65. The base material and the adhesive should have a light transmission of at least 50%, preferably 60-94%.

For the production of such panels, known thermoplastics are suitable. For example, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyester, propylenebutadiene styrene, and blends thereof may be used. These materials are described in Saechtling, Munich, Hans Verlag, "Kunststoff Taschenbuch" (2001) 28 th edition, chapter 4.

The panels according to the invention are therefore particularly suitable for the manufacture of support systems which can be used as roof or wall systems, in particular lighting systems. The invention therefore also provides, in part, a connecting profile which can accommodate the shaping of the plate. Such a connecting profile is preferably designed as a two-part guide rail, the lower part of which rests on a suitable support. The plate is then placed on the lower part and the upper part of the connecting profile is fixed to the lower part in order to fix the plate therebetween.

In one embodiment, the invention therefore also relates to a lighting system which consists of a transparent plate according to the invention and a connecting profile.

Claims (14)

1. A plate, characterized in that two opposite faces have elements that can transmit significant tensile forces in the plane of the plate.

2. The panel as in claim 1 wherein said elements are hooks.

3. The panel according to claim 1, wherein said elements are undercut connections.

4. The panel as in claim 1, wherein said member is made of the same material as the panel.

5. The panel as in claim 4 wherein said element is a portion of the panel.

6. The panel of claim 5, wherein said elements are extruded with the panel.

7. A panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is made of polycarbonate.

8. The panel of claim 1, wherein the panel is a multi-wall panel.

9. The panel as in claim 1 wherein the panel is a solid panel.

10. A panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two pairs of opposed faces have elements adapted to be subjected to tensile forces in the plane of the panel.

11. The plate according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a span of more than 1.2m, preferably more than 1.5m, particularly preferably more than 2.0m and in particular more than 2.5 m.

12. Support system comprising a plate according to claim 1 and a connecting profile.

13. A lighting system comprising a transparent plate according to claim 1 and a connecting profile.

14. Use of a panel according to claim 1 for the manufacture of a lighting system.