HK1151775B - Elevator with safety device - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides the elevator with safety device, to further reduce a hoistway space, by reducing a pit depth and a top part clearance by further shortening a braking distance when stopping a car in an emergency. ; SOLUTION: This elevator with a safety device includes a brake 7 installed in a hoisting machine, and an emergency stopping device 9 for applying a braking force stronger than that of the brake 7. A first area and a second area are determined by the position of a car, and when the cat exists in the first area, and when a speed of the car becomes a first operation speed or more, the brake 7 is operated, and when the speed of the car becomes a second operation speed or more, the emergency stopping device 9 is operated, and when the car exists in the second area, when becoming a third operation speed or more, the emergency stopping device 9 is operated together with the brake 7.

Description

Elevator with safety device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an elevator in which an elevator car is brought into emergency stop before the elevator car collides with an obstacle such as a floor surface of an elevator pit.

Background

The elevator is brought to an emergency stop by means of a brake mounted on the hoisting machine and an emergency braking device mounted on the elevator car. The brake is also used as a braking device for maintaining a stopped state in normal operation. The emergency brake device is the final emergency stop mechanism used when the brake fails to function due to, for example, a rope suspending the elevator car being cut, and since the emergency brake device is generally configured to engage a wedge into a guide rail to perform braking, a stronger braking force than the brake can be obtained. However, the emergency brake device damages the guide rail, and the recovery work is troublesome. Therefore, in a general method, when the elevator is accelerated due to a failure, the brake is operated when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a first operating speed, and if the elevator car cannot be stopped, the emergency braking device is operated when the speed reaches a second operating speed that is higher than the first operating speed.

For example, patent document 1 discloses a scheme in which a criterion (overspeed level) that changes in accordance with the operating condition of the elevator car is set in order to avoid adjustment on site and maintenance over a long period of time, and the overspeed level is determined in accordance with the position of the elevator car.

Prior art documents

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2003-104648

In the above-described conventional art, the overspeed level (operating speed) is determined only based on the position of the elevator car, and the brake and the emergency braking device are operated independently of each other. Therefore, even if the overspeed level is lowered near the end (uppermost layer and lowermost layer) of the hoistway, the emergency braking device operates later than the brake, and thus the braking distance itself is difficult to be shortened.

In particular, in maintenance, when the elevator car is moved to a position below the lowest stopping position to perform maintenance work, the elevator pit of the hoistway needs to be set to a sufficient depth in consideration of the case where the elevator car drops by chance.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to further shorten a braking distance when an elevator car is brought into an emergency stop, to reduce a pit depth and a top clearance of an elevator, and to achieve further space saving in a hoistway.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an elevator with a safety device, which has a brake and an emergency braking device, the brake is installed on the winding machine, the emergency braking device applies a braking force greater than that of the brake, the elevator with safety device is configured to determine a first zone and a second zone according to the position of the elevator car, when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a first operating speed when the elevator car is located in the first zone, operating the brake, and operating the emergency braking device when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a second operating speed, and operating the emergency braking device together with the brake when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a third operating speed when the elevator car is located in the second zone.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, since the emergency braking device is operated together with the brake when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than the third operating speed when the elevator car is located in the second zone, the elevator car can be stopped by the emergency braking device at an early stage without being affected by a delay of the brake even when the elevator car falls due to a failure or the like. Therefore, the braking distance of the elevator car in emergency stop can be further shortened, the depth of an elevator pit and the top clearance are reduced, and the space of a lifting channel is further saved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of setting an operation speed according to an embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method of setting an operation speed according to another embodiment.

Description of the symbols

1 a control device;

3 a position sensor;

5c, 5d motion speed generator;

6 a speed sensor;

7, a brake;

8 a first comparator;

9 an emergency braking device;

10 a second comparator;

12. the region judger is operated 13.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment in which a position sensor 3 is used to detect the position of an elevator car in a hoistway. The position sensor 3 may be a terminal floor forced deceleration switch that detects a position in a discontinuous manner, or a laser distance measuring instrument that detects a position in a continuous manner.

The operation region determiner 12 determines a travel region based on the position of the elevator car, and selects the corresponding operation speed generator 5. The traveling zone of the elevator cars from the uppermost floor to the lowermost floor is set as a normal operation zone (first zone). Further, a region below the lowermost layer is set as a maintenance operation region (second region) in which the vehicle travels in the maintenance operation mode.

In the maintenance operation mode, the operation is performed at a low operation speed, and the operation is performed by a manual ON/OFF switch or the like. For example, when the elevator car is stopped on the floor surface of the elevator pit to perform a replacement operation of the suspension cable, the elevator car is moved to a region below the normal operation region. Two motion speed generators 5c, 5d are used corresponding to the two operation regions described above.

The operation speed generator 5c corresponding to the normal operation region sets the operation speed 4e of the brake 7 to a speed lower than the operation speed 4f of the emergency brake device 9. Then, the operating speed 4e of the brake 7 is output to the first comparator 8, and the operating speed 4f of the emergency braking device 9 is output to the second comparator 10. The operation speed generator 5d corresponding to the maintenance operation area sets the operation speed 4g of the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9, and outputs it to the first comparator 8 and the second comparator 10.

The operation speed 4 of the operation speed generator 5c or 5d selected by the operation region determiner 12 is output to the comparators 8 and 10, and the operation speed 4 of the operation speed generator 5 not selected is not output to the comparators 8 and 10.

The first comparator 8 compares the speed of the elevator car detected by the speed sensor 6 with the operating speed 4e or 4g of the brake 7, and outputs an operating command to the brake 7 when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than the operating speed 4e or 4 g. The second comparator 10 compares the speed of the elevator car with the operating speed 4f or 4g of the emergency braking device 9, and outputs an operating command to the emergency braking device 9 when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than the operating speed 4f or 4 g.

As the speed sensor 6, a sensor such as a doppler velocity sensor can be used, and the sensor can be installed on the elevator car to detect the speed of the elevator car. Further, as the brake 7, a brake such as a disc brake or a drum brake may be used. The emergency brake device 9 can be operated in accordance with an operation command, and the emergency brake device 9 is preferably an electric emergency brake device operated by an actuator such as a solenoid, for example.

The method of setting the operating speeds 4e to 4g in the normal operation region and the maintenance operation region will be described below with reference to fig. 2. In the diagram of fig. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the position of the elevator car (the position is higher toward the right side in the diagram), and the vertical axis indicates the speed of the elevator car. The curve 11 shown by a solid line represents the travel speed of the elevator car operating in the normal mode of travel when it stops at the lowermost position h 1.

The operating speed generator 5c corresponding to the normal running region b having the height h1 or more sets the operating speeds 4e and 4f of the brake 7 and the emergency braking device 9 such that the operating speeds 4e and 4f become larger as the position of the elevator car rises as indicated by the broken lines 4e and 4 f. Thus, in the normal operation region b, the operating speed 4e of the brake 7 is always lower than the operating speed 4f of the emergency brake device 9, and the brake 7 is operated first.

For example, a first terminal floor forced deceleration switch is provided at a position h2 located near a position h1 at the lowermost floor, and the first operating speed 4e is set to 1.3 times the rated speed vr in the region located above the height h2, and the first operating speed 4e is set to 0.6 times the rated speed vr in the region located below the height h 2.

In the region above the height h2, the second operating speed 4f is set to be 1.4 times the rated speed vr. In addition, the second operating speed 4f is set to 0.8 times the rated speed vr in the region located below the height h 2. Thus, the second operating speed 4f is set to be higher than the first operating speed 4e regardless of the position of the elevator car.

In the maintenance operation area a located below the height h1, the elevator car is operated at a constant speed vm while the operation button is pressed. Thus, in the maintenance operation area a, the operation speed of the elevator car is shown by a broken line 13.

The operation speed generator 5d corresponding to the maintenance operation area a sets the operation speed (third operation speed) 4g of the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9 to a speed vg at which maintenance operation is permitted. The speed vg is preferably as close as possible to the speed vm of the maintenance operation. Therefore, the operating speed vg is set by adding the speed vm to the minimum margin that has taken into account the deviation of the operating speed, the error of the speed sensor 6, and the like. For example, when the speed vm of the maintenance operation is 0.25m/s, an allowance of 0.15m/s is added, and the operating speed vg is set to 0.4 m/s.

As described above, since the brake 7 and the emergency braking device 9 are operated substantially simultaneously when the elevator car is located in the maintenance operation area a, the elevator car can be stopped urgently within a shorter braking distance, and thus the depth Dp of the elevator pit can be set to be a little shallower. Further, since the speed vm of the maintenance operation is lower than the operation speed of the elevator car operating in the normal operation region, damage to the guide rails is slight, and re-grinding or the like is not necessary in the recovery operation or the like, and the operation can be completed in a short time.

Further, when the elevator car falls down near the height h0 of the floor surface of the elevator pit, the car may collide with the floor surface due to the lack of time for braking. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a buffer between the floor surface of the elevator pit and the elevator car. However, since the vehicle is operated at a low speed of about 0.25m/s at the initial speed and the falling distance is short, it is sufficient to use a small-sized damper.

Strictly speaking, the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9 have different structures, and therefore, the operation delay times thereof are different from each other. Therefore, even if the first comparator 8 and the second comparator 10 output the operation commands at substantially the same time, the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9 do not function completely at the same time. In particular, when the emergency braking device 9 having excellent response sensitivity is used to preferentially stop the elevator car as early as possible, the emergency braking device 9 acts earlier than the brake 7. In short, in the low-speed operation region, it is preferable to operate and activate the emergency brake device 9 at the earliest possible timing.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3. The operation region determiner 13 determines a corresponding operation region from the information of the operation mode and the operation method of the control apparatus 1, and selects a corresponding action speed generator 5.

When the operation mode is the normal operation mode, as the operation speed generator 5 corresponding to the normal operation region b, an operation speed generator 5e that outputs only the operation speed 4h of the brake 7 and an operation speed generator 5f that outputs only the operation speed 4i of the emergency brake device 9 are provided.

In the case where the operation mode is the maintenance operation mode, the first maintenance operation area a2 in which the operation and running are performed from the outside of the elevator car is set as the entire hoistway area. The second maintenance operation area a3, which is operated from the inside of the elevator car, is set to an area of a predetermined height hs0 or more. Further, the operation speed generators 5g and 5h corresponding to the regions a2 and a3 are provided.

In the normal operation mode, the operation region determiner 13 selects the operation speed generators 5e and 5f corresponding to the normal operation region b, and in the maintenance operation mode, the operation region determiner 13 selects the operation speed generator 5g of the first maintenance operation region a2 or the operation speed generator 5h of the second maintenance operation region a3 corresponding to the operation method.

In the normal operation region b, the operation speed generator 5e of the brake 7 and the operation speed generator 5f of the emergency brake device 9 set the operation speeds 4h and 4i in the method described in fig. 4, and output them to the first comparator 8 and the second comparator 14, respectively. The operation speed generator 5g corresponding to the first maintenance operation area a2 sets the operation speed 4j to a speed vg at which the maintenance operation is permitted, and outputs the speed vg to the first comparator 8 and the second comparator 14.

The operating speed generator 5h corresponding to the second maintenance operating region a3 sets the operating speed 4k of the brake 7 and the operating speed 41 of the emergency braking device 9 in the method described in fig. 4, and outputs them to the first comparator 8 and the second comparator 14, respectively.

The first comparator 8 compares the speed of the elevator car detected by the speed sensor 6 with the operating speed 4 of the brake, and outputs an operating command to the brake 7. The second comparator 14 compares the speed of the elevator car with the operating speed 4 of the emergency braking device 9, and outputs an operating command to both the emergency braking device 9 and the brake 7 when the speed of the elevator car exceeds the operating speed 4.

Fig. 4 shows a method for setting the operating speed 4 of the brake 7 and the emergency braking device 9, in which the horizontal axis of the figure shows the height position h of the elevator car and the vertical axis shows the speed v. Curve 11 represents the operating speed 11 in the normal operating mode. Since the operation speed 11 of the normal operation mode becomes zero at the position h1 of the lowermost layer where the height is zero, it must be lowered to a low speed in the vicinity of the height 0.

The operating speed 4h of the brake 7 is set by adding an appropriate margin (for example, 0.25m/s) to the operating speed 11. And, the speed in the region below the height h1 is set to zero.

The operating speed 4i of the emergency brake device 9 is calculated and set by the following method.

The emergency stop position hC0 at which the vehicle is brought to an emergency stop by the emergency stop device 9 is set at a position lower than the lowermost stop position h 1. Then, the deceleration characteristic vC of the emergency brake device is calculated by the following equation using the position hC0 as a base point.

vC＝(2×β×(h-hC0))^(1/2)(formula 1)

In the above equation, β represents the deceleration at the time of braking the elevator car by the emergency braking device 9. As a result of the calculation, a curve vC of the deceleration characteristic of the emergency brake device as shown by the broken line in fig. 4 is obtained. In addition, even in the worst case, the elevator car can be decelerated according to the deceleration characteristic vC, and thus the elevator car can be reliably stopped at a position higher than hC 0.

That is, the operating speed vi of the emergency braking device 9 is determined in consideration of the maximum acceleration α of the elevator car at the time of the failure, the operation delay τ of the emergency braking device, the error ev of the speed sensor, and the error eh of the position sensor. For example, when the speed of the deceleration characteristic of the emergency brake device at a certain position hCn is vCn, the value vin of the operating speed of the emergency brake device 9 and the position hin corresponding to the speed are obtained by the following equation.

vin-vCn- α × τ -ev (formula 2)

hin＝hCn+(vin+ev)×τ+1/2×α×τ²+ eh (type 3)

As a result of the calculation by the above equation, when the position is hin, if an operation command is output to the emergency braking device 9 at the speed vin, even if the operation delay τ and the errors ev and eh of the sensor occur, the emergency braking device 9 can be operated at a speed equal to or lower than the speed vCn before the elevator car falls to the position hCn, and the elevator car can be stopped at a position higher than hc 0. Therefore, by continuously changing hCn and repeating the above calculation, a curve of the operating speed 4i of the emergency brake device 9 composed of vin and hin can be obtained.

The operating speed 4i of the emergency brake device 9 is a curve located on the right side of the deceleration characteristic curve vC of the emergency brake device. In this case, on the graph, the emergency stop position hC0 needs to be adjusted so that the operating speed 4i of the emergency braking device 9 does not interfere with the operating speed 11 of the elevator car during normal operation, that is, so that the operating speed 4i of the emergency braking device 9 is equal to or higher than the operating speed 11 of the elevator car at any position of the elevator car.

As shown in fig. 4, the operating speed 4i of the emergency brake device 9 may be set to intersect the operating speed 4h of the brake 7, i.e., at point P. That is, when the elevator car is located below a predetermined position, for example, in the vicinity of the lowermost floor, the operating speed 4i of the emergency braking device 9 is set to be lower than the operating speed 4h (first operating speed) of the brake 7, and the emergency braking device 9 is operated earlier than the brake 7. Thus, when the elevator car falls at a position close to the lowermost floor due to an accident, the emergency braking device 9 operates earlier than the brake 7 to emergency-brake the elevator car, and the elevator car can be stopped in a shorter distance. Thus, the depth of the elevator pit can be greatly reduced.

Further, since the running speed of the elevator car is low near the lowermost floor, the speed when the emergency braking device 9 is operated is also low. This reduces damage to the guide rail due to braking by the emergency braking device 9, and reduces the burden on the vehicle during recovery.

When outputting the actuation command signal to the emergency brake device 9, the second comparator 14 outputs the actuation command to the brake 7 without delay. Thus, the sheave of the hoist continues to idle after the emergency brake device 9 is actuated, and the rope can be prevented from being damaged. Therefore, when it is confirmed that an operation command is output to the emergency brake device 9 during maintenance, whether or not an operation command signal is output to the brake 7 without delay.

Next, the operation speed 4 of the second maintenance operation area a3 in which the elevator car is operated will be described.

What the second maintenance area a3 is will be described. For example, the elevator car may be stopped at an upper position and may enter the elevator pit for work in this state. In this case, even if the elevator car falls due to an accident, it is necessary to make the elevator car stop at a position higher than the height hs0 in an emergency so as to secure a safe space between the floor surface of the elevator pit and the elevator car. In addition, when performing maintenance operation by an operation panel in the elevator car, the condition of the elevator pit cannot be confirmed from the inside of the elevator car. Therefore, in order to ensure safety, the elevator car cannot be brought to a position lower than the prescribed height hs 0. For the above reasons, the second maintenance area a3 is set to be a higher area than the height hs 0.

As shown in fig. 4, two operation switching points hs1 and hs2 are provided at a position higher than the height hs 0. In a region higher than the operation switching point hs2 set higher, the operating speed 4k of the brake 7 is set to a speed vg at which maintenance operation is permitted. In the region lower than the operation switching point hs2 set higher, the operation speed 4k is set to zero. Thus, when the elevator car moves to a position lower than the height hs2, the brake 7 is actuated regardless of the speed of the elevator car.

In a region higher than the operation switching point hs1 set lower, the operation speed 41 of the emergency brake device 9 is set to vg, and in a region lower than the operation switching point hs1 set lower, the operation speed 41 of the emergency brake device 9 is set to zero. Thus, when the elevator car moves to a position lower than the height hs1, the emergency brake device 9 is operated regardless of the speed of the elevator car.

The safety device described above can reliably stop the elevator car by the brake 7 and the emergency braking device 9 before the elevator car continues to move downward beyond the second maintenance operation area a3, thereby further reducing the depth of the elevator pit.

Here, the emergency brake device 9 may be set to operate at a certain passing point, like the final limit switch (ファィナルリミットスィッチ). However, if the emergency brake device 9 is operated simply by setting the passing point, the braking distance will be increased if the speed at the time of passing the point is too high.

Further, when the emergency brake device 9 is first actuated, the brake 7 stops the hoist, so that the hoist can be idled to prevent damage to the rope.

Preferably, a safety device is provided and records an operation history at the time of emergency stop. Specifically, the position, speed, and operation mode of the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9 when the operation command is output are recorded in the memory. The record stored in the memory is set to be able to be output to the outside through a terminal device or the like for display. This makes it possible to check the operation of the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9 after the event. For example, when the information of the position and the speed recorded in the memory coincides with the operation speed 4 of the corresponding operation speed generator 5, it is known that the control device 1 may malfunction. Further, when the operation command is not output and the memory is not recorded, it is known that the brake 7 and the emergency brake device 9 have failed.

Claims (7)

1. An elevator having a safety device, which has a brake mounted on a winding machine and an emergency braking device applying a braking force greater than that of the brake,

the elevator with safety device is characterized in that,

the first zone and the second zone are determined on the basis of the position of the elevator car,

when the elevator car is located in the first region and the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a first operating speed, the brake is actuated, and when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a second operating speed, the emergency braking device is actuated,

and operating the emergency braking device together with the brake when the speed of the elevator car is equal to or higher than a third operating speed when the elevator car is located in the second zone.

2. Elevator with safety device according to claim 1,

the first zone is a normal running zone from the uppermost floor to the lowermost floor in which the elevator car normally runs,

the second zone is a zone below the lowermost layer, and is a maintenance operation zone in which the elevator car travels at a maintenance operation speed lower than the operation speed in the normal operation zone,

the third operating speed is a speed at which a maintenance operation is permitted.

3. Elevator with safety device according to claim 1,

the emergency brake device is an electric emergency brake device operated by an actuator.

4. Elevator with safety device according to claim 1,

the first zone is a normal operation zone from an uppermost floor to a lowermost floor in which the elevator car normally travels, and the first operating speed is set by adding an allowance to an operation speed of the elevator car in the normal operation zone, wherein a speed of the elevator car when the elevator car travels to a lowermost floor position in the normal operation zone is zero,

the second operating speed is determined in accordance with a deceleration characteristic of the emergency braking device, and is set to be equal to or higher than the traveling speed in the normal traveling region regardless of the position of the elevator car.

5. Elevator with safety device according to claim 1,

the first zone is a normal operation zone from an uppermost floor to a lowermost floor in which the elevator car normally travels, the first operating speed is set according to an operation speed of the elevator car in the normal operation zone, the second operating speed is determined according to a deceleration characteristic of the emergency braking device, and the second operating speed is set to be smaller than the first operating speed when the elevator car is located below a predetermined position.

6. Elevator with safety device according to claim 1,

the first zone is a normal running zone from the uppermost floor to the lowermost floor in which the elevator car normally runs,

in the maintenance operation mode, the second area is set as the entire hoistway area, the elevator car is caused to travel at a maintenance operation speed lower than an operation speed at which the elevator car is operated in the normal operation area, and the third operation speed is set to a speed at which the maintenance operation is permitted.

7. Elevator with safety device according to claim 1,

setting a region above the height hs0 of the elevator car as a second-dimensional maintenance operation region, setting an operation switching point hs2 at a position higher than the height hs0, setting an operation switching point hs1 at a position higher than the height hs0 but lower than the operation switching point hs2,

when the position of the elevator car is higher than hs2, the brake is actuated when the speed of the elevator car is higher than the speed allowing maintenance operation, and the brake is actuated when the position of the elevator car is lower than hs2 regardless of the speed of the elevator car,

when the position of the elevator car is higher than hs1, the emergency braking device is operated when the speed of the elevator car is higher than the speed allowing maintenance operation, and when the position of the elevator car is lower than hs1, the emergency braking device is operated regardless of the speed of the elevator car.