HK1151692A

HK1151692A - Pesticidal compositions

Info

Publication number: HK1151692A
Application number: HK11105924.7A
Authority: HK
Inventors: Zoltan Benko; Gary Crouse; William Erickson; James Gifford; Gary Gustafson; Nailah Orr; Gerald Watson
Original assignee: 陶氏益农公司
Priority date: 2007-10-04
Filing date: 2008-09-15
Publication date: 2012-02-10

Description

Insecticidal composition

Technical Field

This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application serial No. 60/997,571 filed on day 4, month 10, 2007. The invention disclosed in this document relates to the field of pesticides (pesticides) and their use in controlling pests (pest).

Background

Pests cause millions of deaths worldwide each year. In addition, there are more than ten thousand pest species that cause agricultural losses. These agricultural losses amount to billions of dollars each year. Termites (termite) cause damage to various structures such as houses. These termite damage losses amount to billions of dollars each year. Finally, it is noted that many pests in stored foods eat and adulterate them. These stored food losses amount to billions of dollars each year, but more importantly, deprive people of their food needs.

New insecticides are urgently needed. Insects develop resistance to currently used insecticides. Hundreds of insect species are resistant to one or more insecticides. It is well known to develop resistance to some older insecticides (e.g., DDT, carbamates, and organophosphates). However, resistance has developed even with some newer pesticides. Thus, there is a need for new pesticides, in particular for pesticides with a new mode of action.

Substituents (non-exhaustive list)

The examples given for substituents (other than for halogens) are non-exhaustive and should not be construed as limiting the invention disclosed in this document.

"alkoxy" means an alkyl group further containing a carbon-oxygen single bond, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, 1-butoxy, 2-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, 2-methylbutyloxy, 1-dimethylpropoxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy and decyloxy.

"alkyl" denotes acyclic, saturated, branched or unbranched substituents consisting of carbon and hydrogen, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl.

"alkylthio" means an alkyl group further containing a carbon-sulfur single bond, such as methylthio (meththio) and ethylthio.

"aryl" means a cyclic aromatic substituent consisting of hydrogen and carbon, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.

"halogen" means fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

"haloalkoxy" means an alkoxy group further containing one to the maximum possible number of the same or different halogens, for example, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy.

"haloalkyl" means alkyl groups further containing from one to the maximum possible number of the same or different halogens, for example fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, and 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl.

Detailed Description

The pesticidal composition includes a compound having the structure:

wherein

R1 may be hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r2 may be hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

x may be N or CR 11;

y may be N or CR 10;

r3 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r4 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r5 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r6 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r7 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl, -N (R12) (R13), -O-S (═ O)_n-C₁-C₆Haloalkyl (wherein n ═ 0-2), -S (═ O)_n-C₁-C₆Haloalkyl (wherein n ═ 0-2) or-SO₂N(R12)(R13)；

R8 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r9 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r10 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r11 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r12 may be hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r13 may be hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

the conditions were as follows:

(a) compounds which are not included: wherein R1 is H, R2 is H, Y is CR10, R10 is CF₃X is CR11, R11 is NO₂R7 is CF₃And R9 is NO₂;

(b) If Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄An alkyl group;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

In another embodiment of the invention

R1 may be hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

r2 may be hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

x may be N or CR 11;

y may be N or CR 10;

r3 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN or NO₂；

R4 can be hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₂A haloalkyl group;

r5 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NH₂、C₁-C₂Alkyl radical, C₁-C₂Alkylthio or C₁-C₂A haloalkyl group;

r6 may be hydrogen;

r7 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl or-SO₂NH₂；

R8 can be hydrogen or NO₂Or NH₂；

R9 can be hydrogen, halogen or NO₂；

R10 can be hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂Or C₁-C₆A haloalkyl group;

r11 can be hydrogen, halogen, NO₂、C₁-C₂An alkoxy group;

the conditions were as follows:

(a) compounds which are not included: wherein R1 is H, R2 is H, Y is CR10, R10 is CF₃X is CR11, R11 is NO₂R7 is CF₃And R9 is NO₂；

(b) If Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄An alkyl group;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R8 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

In another embodiment of the invention

R1 may be hydrogen or methyl;

r2 may be hydrogen;

x may be N or CR 11;

y may be N or CR 10;

r3 may be hydrogen, Cl or CN;

r4 may be hydrogen or CF₃；

R5 can be hydrogen, CF₃、SCH₃Cl or CN;

r6 may be hydrogen;

r7 can be hydrogen, CF₃、Cl、SO₂NH₂、NO₂Or CN;

r8 may be hydrogen or NH₂；

R9 may be hydrogen or Cl;

r10 can be hydrogen, Cl or CF₃；

R11 can be hydrogen, Cl, NO₂、OCH₃；

The conditions were as follows:

(b) if Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen or halogen;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

These conditions are intended to expressly exclude the following disclosures: JP 61-1665 "Pyridylhydroazinederivaves"; DE 19650378 "Preparation of hydrazino-and azopyramides expression protectants"; and DE 3644799 "Nitrophenylamidopyrimidines, procedure for the preparation of, and the use of, as, biochemical fungi".

Generally, these compounds can be prepared as follows.

The solutions of 1, 2 and 3 below were mixed together until the reaction was complete.

1. Phenylhydrazine or pyridylhydrazine, having desired substituents;

2.2-halopyridine, 4-halopyrimidine, or 6-halopyrimidine having a desired substituent; and

3. solvents such as ethanol or dimethylformamide;

typically, the temperature is from about 10 ℃ to about 100 ℃, although other temperatures may be used. Typically, the pressure is atmospheric, but higher pressures may be used. Conveniently, the reaction mixture is treated with a scavenging resin (scavenging resin) to remove excess hydrazine prior to removal of the solvent under reduced pressure. Alternatively, the reaction mixture may be partitioned between water and dichloromethane, and then the organic layer may be dried over sodium sulfate, and the solvent may be removed under reduced pressure. Further purification can be achieved by reverse phase chromatography when necessary.

Examples

The examples are for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the invention disclosed in this document to only the embodiments disclosed in these examples.

Preparation of 4- [ N' - (2, 6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -hydrazino]-2, 6-bis-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine-5- Nitrile

A solution of 0.32g (1.16mmol) 4-chloro-2, 6-bis-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile in 5mL ethanol was treated with a solution of 0.44g (1.80mmol)2, 6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -hydrazine in 2mL dichloromethane at room temperature with vigorous stirring. In thatAfter 2 hours, the reaction mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane, the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was further purified by reverse phase chromatography using a mixture of 80% acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid) as eluent to give 0.42g (75%) of 4- [ N' - (2, 6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -hydrazino]-2, 6-bis-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as an off-white solid:¹H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.38(bs，1H)，7.60(s，2H)，7.10(bs)ppm。LCMS：(ESI)m/z 482(M-1)。

using the general procedures given above and the information given in the preparations, the following compounds were prepared.

#

R1

R2

R3

R4

Y

R10

R5

X

R11

R6

R7

R8

R9

1

H

NO2

H

C

NO2

H

C

H

NO2

H

2

H

NO2

H

C

NO2

H

N

\

H

NO2

H

NO2

3

H

C

H

C

Cl

H

4

H

C

H

C

Cl

H

NO2

H

5

H

NO2

H

C

H

N

\

H

NO2

6

H

C

H

C

NO2

H

CF3

H

NO2

7

H

C

NO2

NH2

C

H

8

H

CN

H

C

H

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

Cl

9

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

Cl

10

H

CN

H

C

H

CF3

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

Cl

11

H

CN

CF3

N

\

CF3

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

Cl

12

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

H

Cl

H

13

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

H

OCH3

H

14

H

CF3

N

\

H

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

Cl

15

H

CN

CF3

N

\

CF3

C

Cl

H

Cl

16

H

CN

CF3

N

\

CF3

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

17

H

Cl

N

\

SCH3

C

Cl

H

CF3

H

Cl

18

H

Cl

N

\

SCH3

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

19

H

Cl

N

\

SCH3

C

H

SO2NH2

H

20

H

Cl

H

C

CF3

H

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

21

H

Cl

H

C

CF3

H

C

H

SO2NH2

H

22

H

CF3

C

H

CF3

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

23

H

CF3

C

H

CF3

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

24

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

25

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

H

SO2NH2

H

26

H

Cl

H

C

Cl

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

27

H

Cl

H

C

Cl

C

H

SO2NH2

H

28

H

C

H

CN

N

\

H

Cl

NH2

Cl

29

CH3

H

CN

CF3

N

\

CF3

C

H

NO2

H

30

CH3

H

CN

CF3

N

\

CF3

N

\

H

CN

H

31

H

CN

CF3

N

\

CF3

C

OCH3

H

32

CH3

H

Cl

N

\

SCH3

C

H

NO2

H

33

CH3

H

Cl

N

\

SCH3

N

\

H

CN

H

34

H

Cl

N

\

SCH3

C

OCH3

H

35

CH3

H

Cl

H

C

CF3

H

C

H

NO2

H

36

CH3

H

Cl

H

C

CF3

H

C

NO2

H

37

H

Cl

H

C

CF3

H

C

OCH3

H

38

H

CF3

C

H

CF3

C

OCH3

H

39

CH3

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

H

NO2

H

40

CH3

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

NO2

H

CF3

H

41

CH3

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

NO2

H

42

CH3

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

N

\

H

CN

H

43

H

CF3

C

CN

Cl

C

OCH3

H

44

H

Cl

H

C

Cl

C

OCH3

H

45

H

CF3

C

H

CH3

C

NO2

H

CF3

H

NO2

Insecticidal test method

1.Insecticidal test against beet armyworm (beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua):

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of compounds against spodoptera exigua eggs and early instars (earlyinstars) was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Test unit preparation (Test unit preparation): a robotic system (robotic system) dispensed 150 microliters of freshly prepared artificial lepidopteran food (artificial lepidopteran diet) into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate. The plates were kept at 22 ℃ overnight to allow for proper cooling and drying prior to treatment and infection.

Compound formulation and administration: the compounds were formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide at 4 μ g/μ l. The robotic system automatically dispensed 2 microliters of each compound solution into each well of the prepared test device. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. As part of the application method, a commonly used synergist, piperonyl butoxide, at a concentration of 200ppm was co-applied to each well to increase the sensitivity of the assay. After application, the plates were dried in a fume hood for 5-6 hours. When dry, the plate was covered with a matching lid and kept overnight in a sealed container before infection.

Infection: one day after application, each treated well was infected with 3-5 beet armyworm eggs.

Maintenance and evaluation: once infected, the plate was covered with a clean plastic lid. The plates were then stacked (stack) and placed in an incubator at 29 ℃. After 6 days, each well was examined microscopically to evaluate pesticidal effects.

As a result: compounds 8, 9, 11, 15-18, 20-22, 24-26 and 28-30 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

2.Insecticidal test against Heliothis virescens (Tobacco budworm Heliothris virescens):

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of the compounds against Heliothis virescens eggs and early instar insects was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: the robotic system dispensed 150 microliters of freshly prepared artificial lepidopteran food into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate. The plates were kept at 22 ℃ overnight to allow for proper cooling and drying prior to treatment and infection.

Infection: one day after application, each treated well was infected with 3-5 Heliothis virescens eggs.

Maintenance and evaluation: once infected, the plate was covered with a clean plastic lid. The plates were then stacked and placed in an incubator at 29 ℃. After 6 days, each well was examined microscopically to evaluate pesticidal effects.

As a result: compounds 8, 9 and 11 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with the other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

3.For common Fruit Fly (common Fly Drosophila melanogaster) Oregon wild Type (iv) insecticidal test:

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of compounds against adult drosophila was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: the robotic system dispenses 250 microliters of agar solution (2% agar in 10% sucrose aqueous solution) into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate, causing the agar solution to gel in the well. The plates were allowed to cool and dry prior to treatment and infection.

Compound formulation and administration: the compounds were formulated in a water: acetone (90: 10) diluent at 4-microgram/microliter. The robotic system automatically dispensed 20 microliters of each formulated compound solution into individual wells of the prepared test device. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. After application, the test devices were placed in a fume hood to dry.

Infection: one day after treatment, each treated well was infected with an adult of drosophila melanogaster.

Maintenance and evaluation: once infected, the plate was sealed with a clean plastic lid. The plate was then maintained at 22 ℃. After 2 days, each well was examined with a dissecting microscope to evaluate the pesticidal effect.

As a result: compounds 11, 15-16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28-30, 35-37 and 39 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

4.Insecticidal test against Aedes aegypti (yellow river mosquito aegypti):

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of compounds against aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: empty 96-well microtiter plates were loaded onto the robotic dispensing system prior to application.

Preparation and application: the compounds were formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide at 4-microgram/microliter. The robotic system dispenses 1.5 microliters of each formulated test solution into each well of an empty 96-well microtiter plate. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

Infection: after application, freshly hatched mosquito larvae were suspended in water containing 0.4% mosquito food (mosquitodiet) (a 1: 3 mixture of brewers yeast: liver powder). The robotic system dispensed aliquots of this aqueous solution containing 5-8 first instar (first instar) mosquitoes into each well of the treated plate.

Maintenance and evaluation: after infection, the plate was covered with a matching clean plastic lid. Infected plates were stacked and placed in an incubator at 22 ℃ for 72 hours. At the time of evaluation, the wells were examined with a dissecting microscope to evaluate the pesticidal effect.

As a result: compounds 11, 14, 16, 20 and 30 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

5.Insecticidal test for Meloidogyne incognita (Root-knot nematode) Testing:

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of the compounds against meloidogyne incognita was assessed by contact and ingestion.

Preparation and application: the robotic system dispensed 25 microliters of ethanol and 5 micrograms of compound (diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide) into each well of a 96-well flat-bottomed microtiter plate. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The plate was left for 24 hours and allowed to dry appropriately before further preparation and infection.

Additional test device preparation and infection: after drying, 16 mg of medium containing 2 parts of fine soil and 1 part of the adsorbing polymer was added to each well of the treated 96-well plate. Once the medium is in place, 200 microliters of an aqueous suspension of southern root knot nematode eggs are added to each well to form a gelatinous substrate (gelatinous substrate). To each of these wells 10 seeds of millet (foxtail millet Seteria italica) were allocated. After "seeding", the same plate was sealed to the top of the treated plate to leave room for millet to grow.

Maintenance and evaluation: once the lid is in place, the panel is maintained at 27 ℃ and 75% relative humidity under bright, non-direct light. After 7 days, the insecticidal effect was evaluated by examining each well with a dissecting microscope.

As a result: compound 11 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, and other compounds were either not tested or exhibited no significant insecticidal activity.

6.Insecticidal test on stinkbug (millweeed bug oncopolar fasciatus):

the target is as follows: the insecticidal activity of the compounds against stinkbugs coriaria was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: the robotic system dispenses 100 microliters of freshly prepared artificial food into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate. The plates were kept at 22 ℃ overnight, allowed to cool and dry appropriately before handling and infection.

Compound formulation and administration: the compounds were formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide at 4-microgram/microliter. The robotic system automatically dispensed 2 microliters of each test compound solution into each well of the prepared assay device. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. After application, the plates were dried in a fume hood for 5-6 hours. When dry, the plate was covered with a matching lid and kept overnight in a sealed container before infection.

Infection: one day after application, each treated well was infected with 3-5 second-instar chinaroot bugs.

Maintenance and evaluation: once infected, the plate was covered with a clean plastic lid. The plates were then stacked and placed in an incubator at 29 ℃. After 6 days, each well was examined with a dissecting microscope to evaluate the pesticidal effect.

As a result: compounds 8 and 11 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with the other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

7.Insecticidal test against beet armyworm:

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of compounds against spodoptera exigua was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: 8 milliliters of lepidopteran food was dispensed into a one ounce clean plastic dispensing cup (port cup). The food is allowed to cool before storage or use.

Preparation and application: 8 mg of technical compound (technical compound) was dissolved in 20 ml of 2: 1 acetone: tap water (tap water) diluent to form a 400ppm solution. An aliquot of this solution was used to prepare a 25ppm solution. 250 microliters of each solution was then pipetted onto the food surface in each cup. Each treatment was repeated 10 times.

Infection: once the treated cups have dried, a single second instar beet armyworm is placed on the treated food in each cup.

Maintenance and evaluation: the treated and infected food cups were covered and then placed in a chamber at 25 ℃ and 50% relative humidity. And (5) illuminating for 14 hours, and keeping the lamp away from light for 10 hours. After 5 days of infection, the larvae were evaluated to determine the insecticidal effect.

As a result: compounds 9, 11 and 15-16 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with the other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

8.Insecticidal test on Heliothis virescens:

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of the compounds against heliothis virescens was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: 8 milliliters of lepidopteran food was dispensed into a one ounce clean plastic dispensing cup. The food is allowed to cool before storage or use.

Preparation and application: 8 mg of technical compound was dissolved in 20 ml of 2: 1 acetone: tap water diluent to form a 400ppm solution. An aliquot of this solution was used to prepare a 25ppm solution. 250 microliters of each solution was then pipetted onto the food surface in each cup. Each treatment was repeated 10 times.

Infection: once the treated cups have dried, a single second instar heliothis virescens is placed on the treated food in each cup.

9.Insecticidal test against Trichoplusia ni (cab looper Tricopolusia ni):

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of the compounds against Trichoplusia ni was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparation and application: 8 mg of technical compound was dissolved in 20 ml of 2: 1 acetone: tap water diluent to form a 400ppm solution. An aliquot of this solution was used to prepare a 25ppm solution. A 3.5 cm diameter leaf disc cut from cabbage leaves was immersed in each solution until completely wet. Each treatment was repeated 10 times. After air drying, each treated disc was placed in a one ounce plastic cup.

Infection: once the leaf discs have dried, a single second instar spodoptera littoralis was placed on the cabbage discs in each cup.

10.Insecticidal test against beet armyworm:

Preparing a testing device: a 128 well bioassay tray was prepared by injecting each well with approximately 1 ml of the prepared lepidopteran diet. The tray was dried prior to use.

Compound formulation and administration: a stock solution of 1 mg/ml of each compound (stock solution) was prepared by adding 2ml of acetone/water diluent (9: 1) to a vial containing 2 mg of the technical compound. Other doses can be prepared from this stock solution by serial dilution. Once the appropriate concentrations were prepared, 50 microliters of each solution was applied to the food surface in each of the 8 wells. Once application was complete, the pan was allowed to dry.

Infection: once dry, each well was infected with a single second instar spodoptera exigua. The infected wells were sealed with a self-adhesive vented plastic cap.

Maintenance and evaluation: after infection and sealing, the disc was placed in a growth chamber at 25 ℃ and 40% relative humidity. After 5 days of infection, the larvae were evaluated to determine the insecticidal effect.

11.Insecticidal test against corn earworm Helicoverpa zea:

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of the compounds against spodoptera frugiperda was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Compound formulation and administration: a stock solution of 1 mg/ml of each compound was prepared by adding 2ml of acetone/water diluent (9: 1) to a vial containing 2 mg of the technical compound. Other doses can be prepared from this stock solution by serial dilution. Once the appropriate concentrations were prepared, 50 microliters of each solution was applied to the food surface in each of the 8 wells. Once application was complete, the pan was allowed to dry.

Infection: once dry, each well was infected with a single second instar spodoptera frugiperda. The infected wells were sealed with a self-adhesive vented plastic cap.

12.Insecticidal test against German cockroach (German cockroach Blattella germanica):

the target is as follows: the insecticidal activity of the compounds against german cockroach was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparing a testing device: the robotic system dispenses 100 microliters of freshly prepared artificial food into each well of a 96-well microtiter plate. The plates were kept at 22 ℃ overnight for appropriate cooling and drying prior to treatment and infection.

Compound formulation and administration: the compounds were formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide at 4 μ g/μ l. The robotic system automatically dispensed 2 microliters of each compound solution into each well of the prepared test device. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. After application, the plates were dried in a fume hood for 5-6 hours. When dry, the plate was covered with a matching lid and kept overnight in a sealed container before infection.

Infection: one day after application, each treated well was infected with 3-5 second instar german cockroaches.

Maintenance and evaluation: once infected, the plate was covered with a clean plastic lid. The plates were stacked and placed in an incubator at 29 ℃. After 6 days and 13 days, respectively, each well was examined with a dissecting microscope to evaluate pesticidal activity.

13.Pest killing test for Lygus legrinus (Western plant bug) in the field Testing:

the target is as follows: insecticidal activity of compounds against lygus legrinus was evaluated by egg contact and contact/ingestion of emerging nymphs (emergent nymphs).

Preparing a testing device: the lygus fertilis were allowed to lay eggs on the pods (snow pea pod) which were then placed in plastic petri dishes.

Preparation and application: the compound was dissolved in acetone and further diluted with water containing 0.025% tween 20. The solution was sprayed onto petri dishes and egg-infected legume pea pods using a spray gun.

Maintenance and evaluation: the dishes were kept under controlled conditions for 10 days, at which time the emerging nymphs were evaluated to determine the insecticidal effect.

14.Insecticidal test on cotton aphid (cotton aphid gossypii):

the target is as follows: the insecticidal activity of the compounds against cotton aphid was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparation and application: one (1) mg of each of the industrially synthesized organic compounds was dissolved in 1 ml of a 90: 10 acetone: ethanol solvent. The 1 ml industrial solution was added to 19 ml distilled water containing 0.05% tween 20 surfactant to prepare a 50ppm spray solution. A5 ppm solution was then prepared from the 50ppm stock solution.

Test device preparation and infection: a week old 'bent-neck' squash plant (trimmed to one cotyledon per plant) was infected with cotton aphid (all life stages). Sections of heavily infected colonies of pumpkin leaves (Sections of fatty infected colons squares leaves) were placed on untreated pumpkin cotyledons for 16-20 hours before spraying. When the infected sections dried, aphids moved to the succulent plant material. Plants were checked to ensure average infection prior to application.

Application: spraying the plant on both sides of all leaves with a hand-held atomizing sprayer until the solution is completely exhausted. Each grade solution (Each rate) was applied to 4 plants with a sweeping action.

Maintenance and evaluation: prior to rating, plants were air dried and then maintained in a controlled room at 26 ℃ and 40% relative humidity for 3 days. After 3 days of treatment, aphids were evaluated to determine the insecticidal effect.

As a result: compounds 9, 11, 14 and 26 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with the other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

15.Insecticidal assay for green peach aphid (green peach aphid Myzus persicae):

the target is as follows: the insecticidal activity of the compounds against myzus persicae was evaluated by contact and ingestion.

Preparation and application: one (1) mg of each of the industrially synthesized organic compounds was dissolved in 1 ml of a 90: 10 acetone: ethanol solvent. The 1 ml chemical solution was added to 19 ml of distilled water containing 0.05% tween 20 surfactant to prepare a 50ppm spray solution. A5 ppm solution was then prepared from the 50ppm stock solution.

Test device preparation and infection: cabbage seedlings (12 days after planting) that appeared 2 to 3 original true leaves (first true leaves) were picked so that there were 1 plant per 3 inch pot. The treatment was repeated 4 times. The severely infected colony turnip leaves were shaken over the untreated plants and applied four days later. Shaking dislodges aphids, which migrate to juicy plant material. Plants were checked to ensure average infection prior to application.

Application: spraying the plant on both sides of all leaves with a hand-held atomizing sprayer until the solution is completely exhausted. Each grade of solution was applied to 4 plants with a sweeping action.

Maintenance and evaluation: the plants were air dried and then kept in a controlled room at 26 ℃ and 40% relative humidity for 3 days. After 3 days of treatment, aphids were evaluated to determine the insecticidal effect.

As a result: compounds 11 and 14 exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with the other compounds either not tested or not exhibiting significant insecticidal activity.

Acid and salt derivatives and solvates

The compounds disclosed herein may be in the form of pesticidally acceptable acid addition salts.

By way of non-limiting example, the amine functional group may form a salt with: hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, benzoic, citric, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, lactic, gluconic, ascorbic, maleic, aspartic, benzenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, hydroxymethanesulfonic, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acids.

Further, by way of non-limiting example, the acid functional groups may form salts, including those derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals and those derived from ammonia and amines. Examples of preferred cations include sodium cation, potassium cation, magnesium cation, and ammonium cation.

The salt was prepared as follows: the free base form is contacted with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to provide a salt. The free base form can be recovered as follows: the salt is treated with a suitable dilute aqueous base such as dilute aqueous NaOH, dilute aqueous potassium carbonate, dilute aqueous ammonia and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate.

For example, in many cases, pesticides are modified to be more water soluble forms (more water soluble forms), such as 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine salt, which is a more water soluble form of the well known herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

The compounds disclosed herein may also form stable complexes (complexes) with solvent molecules that remain intact after non-complexed solvent molecules are removed from the compound. These complexes are commonly referred to as "solvates".

Stereoisomers

Certain compounds disclosed herein may exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include geometric isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers. Thus, the compounds disclosed herein include racemic mixtures, single stereoisomers, and optically active mixtures.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one stereoisomer may be more active than the other. The single stereoisomers and optically active mixtures can be obtained as follows: a selective synthetic method, a conventional synthetic method using a resolution of the starting material or a conventional resolution method.

Pest pests

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control pests.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control pests of the phylum nematoda (xylumnematoda).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control a pest of the Phylum Arthropoda (Phylum Arthropoda).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control pests of the Subphylum cheliceta (subpahylum chemera).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control arachnid (classmarcachnida) pests.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control a polypod subgenus (subpahylum Myriapoda) pest.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control pests of the class synephrine (classssymphyla).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control pests of the Subphylum Hexapoda (subpahylum Hexapoda).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control insects from class insecta (classsinsta).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Coleoptera (Coleoptera). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, the species Vibrio sp (Acanthoscelides spp.) (weevil), Phaseolus vulgaris (Acanthoscelides spec.) (common bean weevil), Ceratoxylum gracile (Agrilus planipenis) (emerald asper), Straus sp (Agrostis sporus spp.) (wireworm), Anoplophora glabripennis (Anopyraglibri pendula (Asian Longhorned beetle)), Anopyracea sp (Anthromonas sp.), Ananadis (Anthromonas grandis) (Apocynus weevil), Anopneumothus glopennis (Aphidius spp.) (Aphidius), Coccinum sp., Periploca species (Spirochaeta.) (Periplus nigra), Cochlothria nigra species (Marasmius), Cochlothrix sp. (Athyriopsis nigra sp.) (Athyrea), Cochlothrix (Periplaneta indica (Athyriopsis), Cochlothria purpurea chinensis (Athyriopsis), Neurospora Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) (pea weevil), Cacoesia spp, Callosobruchus maculatus (Callosobruchus masculinus) (southern cowpea weevil), yellow spot dew beetle (carpopophilius hemsleyanus) (dried fruit beetle), beet tortoise shell (Cassida viteta), longicorn beetle (Cereus spp), yellow spot beetle (Cereus wenshu) spop, yellow spot beetle (chrysomeid), yellow spot trifolium trifoliate (Ceromorpha), yellow spot (cabbage beetle) triocta (bean leaf beetle), yellow spot (Ceratopterus flavus), yellow spot (cabbage beetle), red beetle (cabbage beetle), yellow beetle (cabbage beetle) sporum (coriaria), yellow rice beetle (cabbage beetle) sporus (cabbage beetle), yellow beetle (cabbage beetle) sporum (cabbage beetle), yellow beetle (cabbage beetle) rice beetle (cabbage beetle, red beetle (cabbage beetle), yellow beetle (cabbage beetle) rice beetle (cabbage beetle, yellow beetle (cabbage beetle) and yellow beetle (yellow beetle) are also included in the family rice beetle, yellow beetle variety (yellow beetle, yellow beetle (yellow rice beetle, rice beetle (yellow rice beetle, rice beetle, Beetles (Cryptolepis pusillus) (flat grain beetles), Orthosiphon (Cryptolepis turcicus) or (Cryptolepis turcicus) (Turkish grain beetles), Ctenocerasus (nematode), weevil (Curculio spp) (weevil), Rhizopus (Cycleophthalamus) or (grub), Meloidogyne (Cylindroceus) or (Cylindroceus spades) (sunflowers stefly), Rhizopus (Deporus) or (Bacillus grandis) (horseweed), bark beetles (Degrees bugs) (Hildene), Melothria (beetle) or (beetle), Meloidea (beetle) or (beetles) or (beetles), Bark beetle species (ipspp.) (engraver), tobacco beetle (Lasioderma sericorne) (cigarette beetle), potato beetle (leptotrichu decemlineata) (Colorado patato beetle), liogyns fuscus, liogyssularis, rice weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzae) flower beetle (rice water weevil), bark beetle species (lichen beetle), wood beetle (rice water beetle), maize beetle (meotlannis), bark beetle (theft beetle), rape flower beetle (Meliges americana), yellow beetle (yellow beetle), black beetle (yellow beetle), yellow beetle (yellow beetle), black beetle (yellow beetle), yellow beetle (yellow beetle) shell (yellow beetle), yellow beetle (yellow beetle, the plant species of the rose Brachypodium species (Pantomerus sp.) (elephant), the leaf-eating Brachyrhizia species (Phylophaga spp.) (May/June beetle), the Phylophaga cuyana, the yellow striped beetle species (Phylophora spp.) (Chrysomyiama punctata), the apple tiger elephant species (Phynchymes spp.), the Japanese striped beetle (Popilia japonica) (Japanese beetle), the large grain beetle (Grating beetle), the bark beetle (Rhizophora dominica) (lein beetle), the root bark beetle species (Rhizophyllum beetle.) (Euzophyllum husk), the leaf beetle (bark beetle), the root bark beetle variety (bark beetle), the leaf beetle (bark beetle) and the leaf beetle (bark beetle), the root bark beetle species (leaf) (yellow rice beetle) of the root bark beetle variety (yellow rice husk beetle) of the genus, the leaf beetle species (yellow beetle variety (yellow beetle) of the genus, the leaf beetle variety (yellow rice husk beetle variety (yellow beetle), the leaf) (yellow beetle variety (yellow rice husk), the leaf) (yellow beetle variety (yellow rice husk), the leaf) (yellow rice husk variety of the root bark beetle variety of the yellow rice husk variety (yellow rice husk variety of the root bark beetle variety (yellow rice husk), the yellow rice husk variety of the yellow rice husk variety (yellow rice husk variety of the, Tribolium castaneum (red flow beer), Tribolium confluense (confluented flow beer), bark beetle (Trogoptermavariabilie) (greenhouse beer) and Zabrns teneboiides.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Dermaptera (earwig).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control vein-winged (Dictyoptera) (cockroaches). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, German cockroach (blatta germanica) (German cockroach), oriental cockroach (blatta orientalis) (original cockroach), pennsylvania (parachloroniana), American cockroach (American cockroach), Australian cockroach (Periplaneta australiana) (austriac cockroach), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunetta) (brown cockroach), smoky cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa) (cockroach), sugarcane green (sugarcane greenswamp) (surf cockroach), and long cockroach (Periplaneta rubra) (German cockroach).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Diptera (Diptera). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Aedes species (Aedespp.), lucerne fly (Agromya frontella), Adenophora species (Agromya spp.), Leaf minute fly (leaf fly), Engracilis species (Anastrephe spp.), Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Caribean fly (Anastrephe spp.), Anseria Bactrocera subsp (fruit fly), Bactrocera species (Bactrocera spp.), Bactrocera melon fly (Bactrocera curvata) (meal fly), Bactrocera dorsalis (Orientia fasciata) (Oriental fly, Spirosoma platyphylla (mosquito), Bactrocera fly (fruit fly), Haemophilus flavus (fruit fly), Haemateria (horse fly), Haemateria fly (horse fly), Haemateris fly (horse fly), Haematerina fly (horse fly), Haemateris fly (horse fly), Haematerina) species (horse fly), Haemateris (horse fly), Haematerina (horse fly), Haematerina) and Haematerina) species (horse fly), Haematerina, Leaf gall mosquito species (Dasineura spp.) (gallomidge), leaf gall midge (Dasineura brassiccus) (capture ga midge), subterranean fly species (Delia spp.), gray fly (Delia platura) (seed corn plot), Drosophila species (Drosophila pp.) (vinegar fly), latrine fly species (Fannia spp.) (housefly (fly), yellow belly fly (wheat belly fly) (little fly), gray belly fly (wheat belly fly) (ladder fly), stomach fly (stomach fly) (fly nest fly), Gracillia leaf, blood disturbance (Hakkia) (fly), black fly (cabbage fly) (seedling fly), black fly (cabbage fly) (seedling fly (fly), black fly (fly, cabbage fly (fly), black fly (cabbage fly) (seedling fly), black fly (cabbage fly (leaf fly), black fly (leaf fly ), black fly (black fly, leaf fly, Fall flies (Musca australis) (face fly), house flies (Musca domestica) (house fly), sheep flies (oestrumus ovis) (sheet bot fly), european straw flies (Oscinella front) (front fly), beet spring flies (pegoma beta), Phorbia spp.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Hemiptera (Hemiptera) (true bug). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Lygus lucorum (Acrosternum hierare) (green stink bug), Orthosiphon aristatus (Blissus leucopterus) (chinchbug), Buctopus laevis (Calocis norvegicus) (potatoto mirid), Cimexhemithus tropicalis (Tripterical bed bug), Cimex lectus (bed bug), Dagbertussa fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Trigonella gossypii (Dysdercus sutus), Edessa meditataristatus, Euonymus platanus (Eurygeus) masura (Centrona), Euschistus schistus, Euschistus (eustis), Euschistus (Lepidorum), Lepidorum purpurum (Lepidorum), Lepidorum (Lepidorum, Lepidium, Le, Neuroolpus longirostris, rice green bug (Nezara virula) (southern greenstink bug), lygus planterum (phytooris spp.) (plant bug), phytooris californica, phytooris relativus, Piezodorus guilidinggi, Tetramustarus (Poecilocussuseus) (fourrounded bug), Psallius vaccinicola, Pseudacysta plateae, Scaptocoris tanea and Convolvulus species (Triatospora spp.) (blodsulfing connosu/kissing bug).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Homoptera (Homoptera) (aphid, scale), whitefly, leafhopper (leafhopper). A non-exhaustive list of these pests includes, but is not limited to, the species Piperi pisum (Acrythosiphin pisum) (pea aphid), the species Globium globosum (Adelges spp.) (adelgid), Beeurodera brassicae (Aleurodesis proteella) (cab whitly), the species Trialeurodes spirochaeta (Aleurodermidis), the species Trialeuroptera filiformis (Aleurothrix florosus) (woodwhitlyfly), the species Trialeurocanis albonum (Aluaspis spp.) (Amrasca biguella biguensis, the species Laodermata (Aphrphora spp.) (leafhopper), the species Triphyta rubrum (Amidophysa ranii) (California red), the species Aphis viridis (Aphyla), the species Aphis gossypiella (Aphyllum), the species Aphyllum septoria (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum solani (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum purpurea (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum, Bectonia solani (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum purpurea (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum, Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum, Bectonia solani (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyllum, Bectonia solani), the species Apphalaea (Bectonia solani), the species Aphyll, Cabbage aphid (Brevibacterium brassicae) (cabbage aphid), Cericerus sp (Ceroplases spp.), red ceroplas (Cericerus rubens) (red wax scale), Ceonospora sp (Chionaspis spp.), Lecanis sp (Lecanis viridula), Lecanis sp (Lecanis viridans), Lecanis sp (Lecanis viridans), Lecanis viridans (Lecanis viridans), Lecanis viridans (Lecanis viridae), Lecanis viridae (Lecanis viridis viridae) (Lecanis spp), Lecanis (Lecanis spp), Lecanis viridis (Lecanis spp) (Lecanis (L), Lecanis (Lecanis spp) (Lecanis (L) (Lecanis spp) (Leoni (L) (Lecanis spp) (Lecanis (L) (Leoni), Le, Macrosteles quadratus (ash leaf hopper), Mahanarva frimbriata, Myzus persicae (green leaf hopper), Nephophora melanostictus (Nephotettix dirhodium), Nephophora melanostictus (leaf hopper), Nephotettcinia melanostictus (Nephophora nigricans) (green leaf hopper), Niphoteus niloticus (Nilaparata variegatus) (brown leaf hopper), Pieris furfurula (Parameria giganteus) (charles), Pieris nigra (paraphyllum), Pieris nigra (maize leaf hopper), Phosphaericoides (maize leaf hopper), Phosphaericus nigra (leaf hopper) (maize leaf hopper), Phosphaericoides (leaf hopper) Maize aphids (Rhapalacium maida) (corn leaf aphid), cereal ductus (Rhapalacium padi) (oat bird-cherry aphid), Lecanicillium species (Saissetiaspp), Terminalia lechleri (Saissetiae oleae) (black scale), Schizophilus graminum (Schizaphilum gramminum) (greenbug), Physalis graminis (Sitobion avenae) (English grain aphid), Sogatella furcifera (Sogatella furcifera) (white-backed planthopper), Phytophthora species (Thereoaphis) (aphid), Toumeyella sp. (Lecanis), Phytopsis sp. (acoustic aphid), Trialeuroptera leaf beetle) (green leaf aphid), Trigonococcus (Trigonococcus) (green), and Trigonococcus (aphid), and Trigonococcus (green leaf beetle).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) (ants, wasps and bees). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, species of the genus Clerodendrum (Acrommerx spp.), Sinkiang Blastus (Athalia rosae), Melastoma species (Attasipp.) (leafcutting ant), Melastoma species (Camplotus spp.) (carpenter ant), Trichoplusia species (Diprion spp.) (sawflies), Formica species (Formica spp.) (ants), Argentina ant (Iridomymexhumis) (Argentine ant), Coptochlamys species (Monoorium spp.), Monomorium microphyllum (littlel black ant), termites (monariom pharaonis) (Pharaoh ant), neophyllus species (neodipion spp.) (sawflies), harvest termites species (podomomycex spp.) (harvesterant), hornet species (Polistes spp.) (paper wasp), fire termites species (Solenopsis spp.) (fire ant), domesticated termites (Tapoinoma sessile) (odorous beetle ant), migratory termites species (Tenomorium spp.) (paper ant), wasp spp.) (yellow wasp spp.) (wasp.) (yelljacket), and trichogramma species (Xylocopa spp.) (carpentbee).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Isoptera (Isoptera) (termites). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp (Coptotermes spp.), Triplophora formosanus (Coptotermes curcevigathus), Coptotermes formosanus (Coptotermes ffenichii), Coptotermes formosanus (Coptotermes formosanus) (Formosan termiteran termite), Coptotermes spp (Cornittermes spp.) (Nasutte termite), Coptotermes spp (Cryptotermes spp.) (Triptotermes spp.), Coptotermes spp (Heterotermes spp.) (Desertrerubrerum termes), Coptotermes formosanus (Heterotermes spp.) (Microptotermes spp.)), Coptotermes spp (Microtermes spp.) (Microptotermes spp.) (Microtermes spp.) (Micropterus termes spp.) (Microptotermes spp.) (Micropterus spp.)), Coptotermes spp.) (Microtermes spp.) (Microptotermes spp.) (Microtermes spp Reticulitermes batyulensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes flavipes (Reticulitermes flavipes) (eastern subterranean term), Reticulitermes hagenii (Reticulitermes hagenii), Reticulitermes coensis (Reticulitermes heperus) (western subterranean term), Reticulitermes santonensis (Reticulitermes santonensis), Reticulitermes sphaericus chinensis (Reticulitermes speratus), Reticulitermes nigripes (Reticulitermes tibialis), Reticulitermes virginicus (Reticulitermes virginicus), Reticulitermes species (Schedulitermes spep), and Reticulitermes species (Zootiopsis sporus speratus) (Zoousspiotryveromyces paludis) species.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) (moths and butterflies). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Achoeajanata, Trichoplusia species (Adoxophyes spp.), Trichoplusia lanuginosa (Adoxophyes orana), Gekko sp (Agrostis spp.), Phlebia sp (Rhizophora cutworm), Bombyx mori (Agrostis ipsilon) (black cutword), Trichoplusia gossypii (Albama argillacea) (cotton leaf word), Amorbia cuneata, Amylosis trashitella (Navelogragrange), Anacoptidia degertaria, Trichoplusia (Anacardis linella) (peach twigs borygur borrelia), Trichoplusia (Annulata) (bud), Trichoplusia (Boscholaria), Pseudoptera (Occidenta) and Spodoptera (Boletia), Pseudoptera (Occidula (Boletia) and Gracilaria), Pseudoptera (Bodinaria) and Gracilaria (Bodinaria) and Spodopterocarpus (Bodinaria), Spinosa) and Spirochaeta (Bodinaria) species (Bodinaria), Spinacia (Bodinaria) and Bodinaria (Bodinaria) can, Capua reticulana, peach fruit moth (Carposina niponensis) (peach fruit moth), graminea species (Chilo spp.), mango lateral tail moth (Choumeta transversas) (mango shoot borre), rose leaf roller moth (Choristeuropaea) (ostrinia rosea), armyworm (ostrinia nubilalis), Spodoptera species (Choristodiella spp.), rice leaf roller (Cnaphaloceras medinalis) (grass leaf roller), butterfly species (collagen spp.), litchi grain borer (Conpomorpha crassula), aromatic wood moth (Cossus) (moth) (diaphora punctata), diaphora punctata (diaphora punctata), borer ostrinia punctata (diaphora punctata), borer (diaphora punctata), corn leaf moth (diaphora punctifera), corn leaf moth (borer (diaphora punctata), corn borer (borer punctata) (corn borer), corn borer (corn borer), corn leaf moth) (corn borer spongiosa (corn borer), corn borer (corn borer) and corn borer (corn borer), corn borer (corn borer) can (corn borer) and corn borer (corn borer) are, Diamond species (Earias spp.) (Helicoverpa armigera), Egyptia diamond (Egyptia insulata) (Egyptian bollworm), Egyptia diamond (Eariastella), Rough northern bollworm (Rough northern bollworm), Ecdytopha aurantianum, southern corn borer (Elastmopsis lignosollus) (leiser cornstem bor), Epiphysistratta strattata (light brown apple bud), Epithroma species (Ephemeraceae), Ostrinia furnacalis (Hedysia punctata), Ostrinia furalis (Hedysenta), Ostrinia furalis (Hedysentaea), Ostrinia furalis) (European moth), Ostrinia (Hedysarus armorida), Ostrinia furalis (Hedysarus punctata), Ostrinia punctata (Hedysenta), Ostersize (Hedysia punctata), Ostersize moth (Ostersize), Ostertagia punctifera webber, Ostersize (Fabricius), Osteria punctifera webea), Osterea fructica (Fabricius) and Egyptica (Fabricius) species (Fabricius), Ostrinia punctifera (Ostrinia armywia armyworm (Fabricius), Ostrinia armyworm (Fabricius), Eudragia armyworm (Fabricius) and Egyo (Grapholus plusia), Euschist, Sporina), Euschist The species of the genus Helicoverpa (Helicoverpa spp.) (Spodoptera exigua), Helicoverpa armigera (Helicoverpa armigera) (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (Helicoverpa armigera) (bollworm/corn earworm), Helicoverpa armigera (Heliotis spp.) (Spodoptera), Helicoverpa virescens (Heliotis virescens) (tobaco budworm), Helicoverpa sinensiformis (Hellula undalis) (cabbagwebworm), Indorella spp. (Roots burgers), Lycopersicon esculentus (Keifida), Helicoverpa virescens (tomato yellow corn earella) (tomato pinocephalia), Helicoverpa armigera (Helicoverpa armigera) (cabbage), Helicoverpa armigera (Helicoverpa armigera) and Spodoptera (Spodopterocarpa), Spodopterocarpa armyworm (Spodopterocarpa punctata) (looper), Spodopterocarpa punctifera (Spodopterocarpa), Spodopterocarpa punctata (Spodoptera), Spodopterocarpa indica (Spodopterocarpa) and Spodopterocarpa (Spodopterocarpa) Spodopterocarpa Pod borer (Maruca testularis) (sugared borre), bagworm (moth planna) (bagwork), Mythimna uniipuncum (trueramyworm), Neocallinodoides elegans (small tomato borre), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borre), Oxydia vesula, Pandemia cerana (common citrus), apple leaf moth (Indian cabbage), apple leaf moth (apple leaf moth) (cabbage leaf moth), apple leaf moth (apple leaf moth) (apple leaf moth), African leaf moth (cabbage leaf moth) (cabbage leaf moth (apple leaf moth), apple leaf moth (apple leaf moth) (cabbage leaf moth) (apple leaf moth (cabbage leaf moth), apple leaf moth (cabbage leaf moth) (apple leaf moth) (cabbage leaf moth) Cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella) (diamondback moth), Polychrosis viteana (grapefero moth), orange moth (Prays endocarpa), olive moth (Prays oleae) (olivemoth), pseudolitea spp (noctuid), pseudolitea unipunctata (armyworm), soybean looper (pseudolitea includens) (soybean looper), looper (Rachiplusia nu), tryporyza incertulas (Sciphora incertulas), moth (Sesamia spp.) (hemoglobulus), Spodoptera (Spodoptera), Spodoptera (Spodoptera Spodoptera), Spodoptera trichogramma (Spodoptera), Spodoptera frugium (Spodoptera), Spodoptera (Spodoptera) and Spodoptera (Spodoptera) for preventing rice Thermoidia gemmatalis, Chlamydia armyworms (Teneola bisseliella) (webbings move), Trichoplusia ni (cab looper), Nematomyza sativae (Tuta absoluta), Nematoda species (Yponomeuta spp.), Periploca coffea pini (Red branch borer) and Periploca pipa (Zeuzera pyrina) (leopard move).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Mallophaga (curlicue). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, sheep lice (sheep biting house), turkey short horn bird lice (chicken body house) and chicken feather lice (chicken feather house).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Orthoptera (Orthoptera) (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, arana nigra (anaerobe simplex) (mormonn cricket), mole cricket (gryllotalpidate) (molectrricket), Locusta migratoria (Locusta migratoria), grasshopper species (Melanoplus spp.) (grasshopper), philoxera pterospora spinosa (Microcentrum retrierve) (angularged wicked katydid), pterophalla spp. (kaydids), desert locust (schistoserca gregaria), cauda guiqu (scudderiafurata) (trunk katyized), and branchonia burmanica (valanginivoria).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Phthiraptera (sucking lice). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp (cattle and pig lice), sheep jaw lice (Linoganathus ovillus) (sheet louse), head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) (human body louse), body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) (human body lice), and pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) (crablouse).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Siphonaptera (fleas). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea), Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) and human fleas (Pulex irliteans) (human flea).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Thysanoptera (thrips). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Frankliniella fusca (Tobacco's), Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower Thrips), Frankliniella shultzii (Frankliniella Williams), Frankliniella wilsonii (Frankliniella williamis), Frankliniella glasshouse Thrips (Helothricinus) greenthicis (Greenhouse Thrips), Riphipestris cruentatus, Cirsium species (Scothricinus spp.), Citrinium aurantium (Scothricinus spp.), Cirsium tea (Scothricinus spp.), Cirsium japonicum (Pseudosium japonicum) and Thrombinalis species.

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control thysanoptera (Thysanura) (bristletail). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, the species chlamydomonas spp (silverfish) and the species chlamydomonas microplus spp (fireburst).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Acarina (Acarina) (mites (mite) and ticks (tick)). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Apis cerana gracilis (Acarapsis woodi) (trap of honeybes), Dermatophagoides farinae (Acarus spp.) (food mites), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acarus sreatae) (grain mite), Aceria mangifera (mangobund mite), Acrophaga spinosa (Acrophagus spp.), Acrophagus solanacearus (Acrophagoides pteronyssinus) (tomatous russiae), Acrophagus pelekasi, Acrophagus dermestoides (Acrophagus pekinensis), Acrophagus schlegeli (Acrophagus schlegeli) (apple mite), Decarminella pallidiflora (Dermatophagus pallens (Dermatophagus spp.), Dermatophagus sp., Acrophagoides pterus sp., Boophilus sp. (Barbarbus sp.), Dermatophagus sp.), Dermatophagoides pterus dermatus (Bruna purpureus (Acarus sp.), Dermatophagus sp.), Dermatophagoides (Acarus sp.), Dermatophagoides pterus sp.), Dermatophagoides (Acarus sp.), Dermatophagus sp.), Dermatophagoides pterus sp.), Dermatophagus sp. (Acarus sp.), Dermatophagoides (Acarus sp.), Derma, Tetranychus species (Eotetranychus spp.), carpinus tetranyensis (Eotetranychus carpini) (yellow spider mite), Tetranychus sp (Epitimerus spp.), Tetranychus sp (Eriophus spp.), hard tick species (Ixodespp), Tetranychus sp (Metatrox spp.), Catathyris feldianus (Notoedres cat), Tetranychus parvus species (Oligonychus spp.), Calycoides (Oligonurus comatus), Tetranychus coffeensis (Oligonurus comatus), Tetranychus parvus (Oligonus comatus) (southern mite), Tetranychus urticae (Ochronus), Tetranychus sp (Tetranychus urticae) (European red mite), Tetranychus sp (Tetranychus), Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychus urticae), Tetranychus sp) (Tetranychus urticae) (Tetranychus sp), Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychus), Tetranychus urticae) (Tetranychus sp), Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychus sp) Tetranychus spp, Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite), and Varroa destructor (honeybee mite).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Nematoda (nematodes). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp (bud and leaf & pine wood) species, Heterodera spp (Belolaimus spp.) (sting wood), Cyclotella spp (Criconema spp.), Dirofilaria immitis (dog heart worm), Ditylenchus spp (stalk and bulb) species, Heteropanacea spp (Heterodera spp.) (Cyst wood), Heterocladospora maydis (Heterodera zeyla) (corn kernel nest) species, Heteropanama spp (Hierodendronella spp.) (Roylella sp.) (Romene graft), Nematoda (Pentaphylla nematode) species, Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne graft), Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne graft, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne spp.) (Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne graft), Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne spp.) (Meloidogyne spp.) (Meloidog), Meloidogyne spp (Meloidogyne spp.) (Meloidog), Meloidog (Meloidog) species, Meloidog (Meloidog, Meloidogyne spp. (Meloidog, the species Radophora (piercing nematode) and the species Rotylenchus reniformis (kidney-shaped nematode).

In another embodiment, the invention disclosed in this document can be used to control Symphyla (symphylla). A non-exhaustive list of such pests includes, but is not limited to, white pine (Scutigerella immacula).

For more detailed information see "Handbook of last Control-The Behavior, Life Histroy, and Control of Household pets" by Arnold malls, 9th Edition, copy 2004 by GIE Media Inc.

Mixture of

Some of the insecticides that can be beneficially used in combination with the invention disclosed in this document include, but are not limited to, the following:

1, 2-dichloropropane, 1, 3-dichloropropene,

Abamectin (abamectin), acephate (acephate), acequinocyl (acefenamic), acetamiprid (acetamiprid), housefly phosphorus (acetoson), acetoroll, flumethrin (acrinathrin), acrylonitrile (acrylonitril), gossypol (alanycarb), aldicarb (aldicarb), sulfoxylate (aldocarb), aldrin (aldrin), allethrin (allethrin), alodamin (allothrin), oxamidine (alloamidin), norcarb (alloxacarb), alpha-cypermethrin (alphacypermethrin), alpha-ecdysone (alpha-molysone), cyathion (amidinium), amidoflumet, methiocarb (amicarbazide), amifostine (amicarbazide), azathiophos (azophos), azaphos (azophos), azophos (azophos), azathion (azophos), azathiophos (azophos), azathion (azophos), azathiophos (azophos), azophos (azophos), indometha (azophos), azophos (azophos), indometha (azophos), azophos (azophos), and azophos (azophos,

Barium hexafluorosilicate (barnium hexafluorosilicate), fluthrite (barthrin), benclothianidin (barthirin), benclothiaz, bendiocarb (benfurocarb), benfuracarb (benfuracarb), benomyl (benomyl), benoxafos (benoxafos), bensultap (bensultap), benzoxate (benzoximate), benzyl benzoate (benzybenzobenzoate), beta-cyfluthrin (beta cyfluthrin), beta-cypermethrin (beta cypermethrin), bifenazate (bifenazate), bifenthrin (bifenthrin), binapacryl (binapacryl), pyrethrum (bioallegrophyte), allethrin (bioallethrin), bioxanthomethrin (bioxanthate), borax (bisflufenoxuron), bensulide (bisfenflurron), bensulide (biborocarb), bencarb (buticarb), butfenpropicarb (butyl bromide), buthiocarb (butyl bromide), buthoxycarb (butyl bromide), bromcarb (bromcarb), bromcarb (buthiocarb), bromcarb (buthiocarb), benomyl (buthiocarb), benomyl (buthiocarb (benomyl), benomyl (benomyl, buthiocarb (benomyl), ben,

Cadusafos, calcium arsenate, lime sulphur (calcium polysulphide), carbosulfan (carbofuran), carbosulfan (carbodichlofenphos), carboxim (carbochlorfenamate), thiophosphoryl (carbofenolate), carbaryl (carbaryl), carbosulfan (carbofuran), carbodisulfide (carbodisulf), carbon tetrachloride (carbotrhloride), thiophosphoryl (thiophanate), carbosulfan (carbothiocarb), carbosulfan (carbosulfan), cartap (carboxim), methoprene (carboxim), chlorfenapyr (carbomethionate), chlorantraniliprole (chlorofenamide), chlorofenamide (chlorofenamide), borneol (chlorofenamide), chlordane (chlorofenamide), kaempferine (chlorofenapyr), chlorfenapyr (chlorofenapyr), chlorfenapyr (chlorofenapyr), chlor, Chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos), chlorpyrifos-methyl (chlorpyrifos methyl), chlorthion (chlorpyrifos), cycloxastream (chromafenozide), cyfluthrin I (cinerin I), cyfluthrin II (cinerin II), levo-tetramethrin (cimethrin), dichloethrocarb (cloethocarb), clofentezine (cloventezine), closantel (closantel), clothianidin (clothianidine), copper acetimidate (copperarsenite), copper arsenate (copperarsenate), copper naphthenate (copperphenazine), ketonic acid (copperolenate), (copumphos), coumarate (crotonone), crotamiton (crotonothion), crotonothion (crotonothion), cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin), cyfluthrin (cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (cy, Cyphenothrin, cyromazine, sulfothion,

D-limonene (d-limonene), dazomet (dazomet), Dibromochloropropane (DBCP), dichloroisopropyl ether (DCIP), DDT (DDT), carbofuran (decamethrin), deltamethrin (deltamethrin), tianlephos (demeton O), tianlephos S (demeton S), demeton S (demeton methyl), demeton O (demeton O), demeton O-methyl (demeton O methyl), demeton S (demeton S), demeton S-methyl (demeton S methyl), demeton S-methyl sulfide (demeton S methyl), demeton thion (diazosulfide), phosphorodiene (dichlorphenas), dichlodinoflagyl (dinoflagyl), dinoflagyl (methyl), dinoflagyl (fenthion (dinoflagyl (fenthion), dinoflagyl (fenthion (3-methyl), dinoflagyl (dinoflagyl) and thiocyl (thion (dinoflagyl), thiocyl (dinoflagyl) and thiocyl (dinoflagyl (3-methyl), chlorothalofos (dicrotophos), dicyclanil (dicyclanil), dieldrin (dieldrin), dichlorflufen (dineochlor), diflovidazin (diflubenzuron), diflorfluthrin (dimefluthrin), methoflurophos (dimefox), dimethoate (dimercaptan), dimethoate (dimethoate), permethrin (dimethrin), methoprene (dimethybrid), dinotefuran (dineobutton), dinocap (dinocop), dinocap 4 (dinocop 4), dinocap 6 (dinocop 6), dinocap (dinocoton), nitropentyl (dinopentonton), nitroprusol (dinopopp), pentofen (dineothion), octyl (dinetofen), dinocap (dinotefuran), dinotefuran (dinone), dinotefuran (dinoflagon), dinotefuran (dinone (dinotefuran), dinotefuran (dinone (dinotefuran), dinotefuran, dinone (dinone, dinotefuran, dinone, dinotefuran, dinone, dinotefuran, dinone, dinotefuran, dinone, dinotefuran,

ecdysterone (ecdysterone), emamectin benzoate (emamectin), spinosad (EMPC), empenthrin (empenthrin), endosulfan (endosulfan), thiophosphorum (endothion), endrin (endrin), thiophen (EPN), fenaminosulf (eponenane), eprinomectin (epimeridin), esfenvalerate (esfenvalerate), epaphos, bendiocarb (ethiofencarb), ethion (ethion), ethiprole (ethiprole), pomelo (ethofenprox), ethoprophos (ethoprop), ethopropyl (ethodddd), ethyl formate (ethopropiol formate), 1, 2-dibromoethane (ethyene dibromide), 1, 2-dichloroethane (ethyene), ethylene oxide (ethofenproxide), ethofenprox (ethofenprox), ethofenprox (ethyol), ethiofenprox (ethyol), ethion (ethoprophos), ethion (ethoprofen), ethiofenproxide (ethoprofen), ethiofenprox (ethoprofen), ethiprole (ethiofenproxide), ethiprole (ethion), ethiprolide (,

Amisulfos (famshur), fenamiphos (fenamiphos), fentrazole (fenazaflor), fenazaquin (fenazaquin), fenbutatin oxide (fenbutatin oxide), pyraflufen (fenchlophos), fenocarb (fennethacarb), fenfluthrin (fenfluthrin), fenitrothion (fentrothion), fenbutacarb (fenobucarb), fenothiocarb (fenothiocarbarb), fenoxacrem (fenoxacarb), fenoxacrim (fenoxycarb), fenoxycarb (fenoxycarb), fenpropathrin (fenpropathrin), fenpyrazothrin (fenpropathrin), fenpropathrin (fenflurazote), fenflurazote (fenflurazote), fenflurazon (fenflurazon), fenflurazote (fenflurazote), fenflurazote (fenflurazone), fenflurazote (fenflurazote), fenflurazote (fenflurazon), fenflurazon (fenflurazon), fenflurazon-methyl flufen), fenflurazon (fenflurazon ), fenflurazon (fenflurazon ), fenflurazon (fenflurazon, flubencide, fluvalinate, temephos (fonofos), varroate (formamidate), bensulide (formimidate), formoterol (formothion), carboxim (formpyranate), fenthion (fosmethialan), chlorpyrifos-methyl (fossililate), fosthiazate (foshiazate), vamuramidate (fosthietan), furathiocarb (furathiocarb), furfluthrin (furathirin), furfural (furfurfurfurfurfuel),

Gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-hexachloro-cyclohexane (HCH),

Haloethrin (halofenprox), halofenozide (halofenozide), hexachloro-hexa (HCH), dieldrin (HEOD), heptachlor (heptachlor), heptenophos (heptanophos), flufenthion (heptapho), hexaflumuron (hexaflumuron), hexythiazox (hexythiazox), aldrin (HHDN), hydramethylnon (hydramethylnon), hydrogen cyanide (hydrocynide), monopentadiene (hydroprene), quinolinecarb (hydroquincarb),

Neonicotinoids (imicyafos), imidacloprid (imidacloprid), imidacloprid (imiprochlorrin), indoxacarb (indoxacarb), methyl iodide (iodomethane), profenofos (IPSP), isamidofos, isazofos (isazofos), carbochlorazol (isobenzan), isocarbophos (isocarbophos), isoaldrin (isodifrin), fosfamid (isofenphos), isoprocarb (isoprocarb), isoprothiolane (isoprothiolane), triazophos (isothionate), oxazofos (isoxathion), abamectin (ivermectin), abamectin (isoprothionin),

Jasminum sambac I (jasmolin I), jasminum II (jasmolin II), iodophors (jodfenphos), juvenile hormone I (juvenile hormon I), juvenile hormone II (juvenile hormon II), juvenile hormone III (juvenile hormon III),

Kelevan, meng qi (kineprene),

Lambda-cyhalothrin (lambda cyhalothrin), lead arsenate (lead arsenate), lepimectin, bromophenol (leprophos), lindane (lindane), pyrifos (liimfos), fluoropropoxy urea (lufenuron), fosthiazate (lythidathion),

Malathion (malathion), benomyl dinitrile (malonoben), triazophos (mazidox), triazophos (mecarbam), methidathion (mecarbun), methoxazone (menazon), dithianon (mephoslan), mercurous chloride (mercurous chloride), mechlorethamine (mesulfen), methidathion (mesulfenfos), metaflumizone (metaflumizone), metam (metam), chlorfenvinphos (methamidophos), methidathion (methidathion), methiocarb (methiocarb), methamidophos (methacronophos), methoprene (methoprene), methyl chloride (methoprene), methoprene (methoprene), methyl chloride (methoprene), methoprene (methoprene), methoprene (methoprene, methoprene, Mirex (mirex), MNAF (MNAF), monocrotophos (monocrotophos), Morpothion (morphosis), moxidectin (moxidectin),

Naphthylene phosphate (naftalofos), naled, naphthalene (naphthalene), nicotine (nicotinine), norfluridide (niflumide), delphamycin (nikkomyn), nitenpyram (nitenpyram), nithiazine (nithiazine), nitrilocarb (nitrilacarb), novaluron (novaluron), noviflumuron (noviflumuron),

Omethoate, oxamyl, oxydemethyl, oxydemeton methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, dimethoate, dimethoa,

P-dichlorobenzene (paradiclorobenzene), parathion (parathion), methyl parathion (parathion methyl), fluazuron (pentafluron), pentachlorophenol (pentachlorophenol), permethrin, fenthion (phenokapton), phenothrin (phenothrin), phenthoate (phenoxate), phorate (phorate), phosmet (phos), parathion (phos), phosphamidon (phosphamidon), phosphine (phosphine), phosphocarb (phosphocarb), oxime (phos), phosmet (phosmet methyl), phosmet (pyrimethan), pirimicarb (pyriproxyfen), ethephos (pyriproxyfen), promethidium (pyriproxyfen), promethamine (pyriproxyfen), promethazine (potassium chloride), promethazine (potassium thiocyanate, promethazine), promethazine (I), promethazine (potassium thiocyanate), promethazine (potassium chloride), promethazine (promethazine I, promethazine I (promethazine I), promethazine (promethazine I, promethazine (promethazine I) and promethazine (promethazine I), profluthrin, tick-lice-carbofuran (procycarb), promecarb (propaphos), propargite (propargite), methoprene (protista), propoxur (propcur), ethiprole (prothion), prothiocfos (prothiocfos), pomade (prothioconazole), prothioconazole (prothioconazole), pyrazofos (pyrafluxol), pyrazofos (pyrafluthrin), pyrethrin (pyrethrin), pyrethrin (pyrethirin I), pyrethrin II (pyrethirin II), pyridaben (pyridaben), pyridalyl (pyridalyl), pyrifluquinazon, pyrimethanil (pyrimethanil), pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen), pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyf,

Quassia, quinoxalines, methylquinoxalines, quintiflienes, quatifies, quasiporines, and quasiporines,

Iodoethersalicylamide (rafoxanide), resmethrin (resmethrin), rotenone (rotenone), ryania (ryania),

Sabadilla (sabadilla), octamethiphos (schradan), selamectin (selamectin), silafluofen (silafluofen), sodium arsenite (sodium arsenite), sodium fluoride (sodium fluoride), sodium hexafluosilicate (sodium hexafluosilicate), sodium thiocyanate (sodium thiocyanite), fructus Perillae (solanide), spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen (spirodiclofen), spiromesifen (spiromesifen), spirotetramat (spirotetramat), sulforon (sulfofluron), sulfenom (sulfiram), sulfluramid (sulfluramid), thiotep (sulffotep), sulfur (sulflur), sulfluryl fluoride (fluoride), ethylene propylene glycol (ethylene propylene glycol), sulfur (sulffos),

Tau-fluvalinate (tau fluvalinate), thiofencarb (tazimcarb), Trichomonas (TDE), tebufenozide (tebufenozide), tebufenpyrad (tebufenpyrad), pyrifos (tebuformfos), tebufenozide (teflubenzuron), tefluthrin (tefluthrin), temephos (temephos), TEPP (TEPP), cyfluthrin (terethrin), terbufos (terbufos), tetrachloroethane (tetrachlorethane), fenvinphos (tetrachlphos), trichlorosulfone (tetradifon), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (tetramactrin), acaricidal (tetramethrin), theta-cypermethrin (theta), thiocyclrin (thifenprox), thiocyclam (thiophosphate), thiofenthifenpyrad), thiocarb (thifenpyrad), thifenthiocarb (thifenprox), thiocarb (thiocarb), thifenprox (thifenprox), thiocarb (thifenprox), thifenthiocarb (thifenprox), thifenprox (thifenprox), thifenthiocarb (thifenprox (thiocarb), thifenprox), thifenthiocarb (thifenthion (thiocarb), thifenthion (thifenpyrol), thifenthion (thifenthiocarb, Transfluthrin, transfluthrin trialeurine, triarathene, triasulfuron, triazophos, trichlorfon, trialeurphos, trichlorphos 3, trichlorphos, chlorophenoxylate, triflumuron, trimethacarb, thioacrylate, triptorene, triazophos, triflumuron, triazamate, triazone, triaz,

Aphidicolinide (vamidothion), pyrazoline (vanilprole),

Dimethylcarbofuran (XMC), propoxur (xylcarb),

Zeta-cypermethrin (zeta cypermethrin) and zolaprofos.

In addition, any combination of the above insecticides can be used.

For economic and synergistic reasons, the invention disclosed in this document can also be used with herbicides and fungicides.

For economic and synergistic reasons, the invention disclosed in this document can be used with antibacterial agents (antimicrobial), germicides (bactericide), defoliants (defoliant), safeners (safers), synergists (synergists), algicides (algaecides), attractants (attractants), desiccants (desiccants), pheromones (pheromones), protectants (repellants), animal steepening agents (animal dip), avicides (avicides), disinfectants (disinfects), semiochemicals (semiochemicals) and molluscicides (moluscicides), which categories are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

For more information, see "Complex of pesticide common Names" before the filing date of this documenthttp://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.htmlAbove). See also "The Pesticide Manual" 14th Edition, edited by CDS Tomlin, copy 2006by British Crop Production coupling.

Synergistic mixture (SYNERGISTIC MIXTURE)

The invention disclosed in this document can be used with other compounds (such as those mentioned under the heading "mixtures") to form synergistic mixtures in which the mode of action of each compound in the mixture is the same, similar or different.

Examples of modes of action include, but are not limited to: an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; a sodium channel modulator; chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (chitin biosyntheses inhibitors); GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (GABA-gated chloride channel antaconists); GABA and glutamate-gated chloride channel agonists (GABA and glutamate-gated chloride channel agonists); an acetylcholine receptor agonist; a MET I inhibitor; mg stimulated ATPase inhibitor (Mg-stimulated ATPase inhibitor); nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; midgut membrane disruptor (midgut membrane disruptor); and oxidative phosphorylation interrupters (oxidative phosphorylation disrupters).

In addition, the following compounds are known as synergists and can be used with the invention disclosed in this document: piperonyl butoxide (piperonyl butoxide), piperonal aldehyde (piprost), piperonal ester (propyl isome), piperonyl butoxide (sesamex), sesamolin (sesamolin) and sulfoxide (sulfoxide).

Preparation

Insecticides are hardly suitable for application in their pure form. It is often desirable to add other materials so that the pesticide can be used in the desired concentration and in the appropriate form for ease of application, handling, transportation, storage and to maximize the activity of the pesticide. Thus, pesticides are formulated, for example, as baits (baits), concentrated emulsions, powders (dumts), emulsifiable concentrates (emulsifiable concentrates), fumigants (fumigants), gels, granules, microencapsulated forms (microencapsulations), seed-treated forms (seed treatment), suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions (suspoemulsions), tablets, water-soluble liquids, water-dispersible granules or dry flowable (dry flowable), wettable powders (wettable powders) and ultra-low volume solutions (ultra low volume solutions).

For further information on formulation types see "Catalogue of peptides for formulations and International coding System" Technical Monograph n ° 2, 5^th Edition byCropLife International(2002)。

The insecticide is most commonly applied in the form of an aqueous suspension or emulsion prepared from a concentrated formulation of the insecticide. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solid (commonly known as wettable powders or water-dispersible granules) or liquid (commonly known as emulsifiable concentrates or aqueous suspensions). Wettable powders, which can be compressed to form water dispersible granules, contain an intimate mixture (insecticide mix) of insecticide, carrier and surfactant. The concentration of the insecticide is generally from about 10 wt% (weight percent) to about 90 wt%. The support is generally selected from attapulgite (attapulgite clay), montmorillonite (montmorillonite clay), diatomaceous earth (diatomous earth) or purified silicate (purified silicate). Effective surfactants (from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder) are selected from the group consisting of sulfonated lignins, concentrated naphthalene sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactants (e.g., ethylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols).

Emulsifiable concentrates of the pesticide include a suitable concentration of the pesticide (e.g., about 50 to about 500 grams per liter of liquid) dissolved in a carrier that is a mixture of a water-miscible solvent or a water-immiscible organic solvent and an emulsifier. Useful organic solvents include aromatic solvents (particularly xylenes) and petroleum fractions (particularly the high boiling naphthalene portion and the olefinic portion of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha). Other organic solvents such as terpene solvents (including rosin derivatives), aliphatic ketones (e.g., cyclohexanone) and complex alcohols (e.g., 2-ethoxyethanol) may also be used. Suitable emulsifiers for the emulsifiable concentrates are selected from the common anionic and nonionic surfactants.

Aqueous suspensions include suspensions of water-insoluble pesticides dispersed in an aqueous carrier at concentrations of from about 5% to about 50% by weight. The suspension was prepared as follows: the insecticide is finely ground and vigorously mixed into a carrier comprising water and surfactant. Ingredients such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums may also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is generally most effective to simultaneously grind and mix the pesticide by preparing an aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in equipment such as a sand mill (sand mill), ball mill (ball mill) or piston-type homogenizer (piston-type homogenizer).

The insecticide may also be applied in the form of a granular composition which is particularly useful for application to soil. Particulate compositions typically contain from about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt% of the pesticide dispersed in a carrier comprising clay (clay) or similar material. The above compositions are generally prepared as follows: the insecticide is dissolved in a suitable solvent and applied to a particulate carrier which has been pre-sized to a suitable particle size (range of about 0.5 to 3 mm). The above composition may also be prepared as follows: the carrier and compound are formed into a dough or paste which is then crushed and dried to obtain the desired particle size.

The pesticide-containing powder was prepared as follows: the powdered insecticide is thoroughly mixed with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. The dust may suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% insecticide. They can be used for seed dressing (seed dressing) or together with dust blowers for foliar application (leaf application).

It is also possible to apply the insecticide in the form of a solution in a suitable organic solvent (usually petroleum oil such as spray oil) widely used in agrochemicals.

The insecticide may also be applied in the form of an aerosol composition. In such compositions, the insecticide is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier which is a propellant mixture that can generate pressure. Packaging the aerosol composition in a container and dispensing the mixture from the container through an atomizing valve.

When the insecticide is mixed with the food or attractant or with the food and attractant, an insecticide bait is formed. When pests eat the bait, they also consume the insecticide. The bait may be in the form of a granule, gel, flowable powder, liquid, or solid. They are used in pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides with a relatively high vapour pressure and therefore may be present in gaseous form in sufficient concentration to kill pests in the soil or enclosed space. The toxicity of fumigants is proportional to their concentration and exposure time. They are characterized by having good spreading ability and acting by penetrating into the respiratory system of pests or being absorbed through the epidermis of pests. Fumigants are applied for the control of stored product pests (stored product pest) under gasproof sheets (gas proof sheet) in airtight rooms or airtight buildings or in special chambers.

The insecticide may be microencapsulated by suspending particles or droplets of the insecticide in various types of plastic polymers. Microcapsules of various sizes, various solubilities, various wall thicknesses, and various permeabilities can be formed by varying the chemistry of the polymer or by varying factors in the process. These factors control the release rate of the active ingredient therein, which in turn affects the residual properties, the speed of action and the odor of the product.

The oil solution concentrate is prepared by dissolving the pesticide in a solvent that maintains the pesticide in solution. Oil solutions of insecticides generally provide faster knockdown and kill action than other formulations due to the insecticidal action of the solvent itself and the increased rate of uptake of the insecticide by the (integral) waxy covering (waxy covering). Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better crack penetration and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules (oil globules) each provided with a lamellar liquid crystalline coating (lamellar liquid crystalline) and dispersed in the aqueous phase, wherein each oily globule comprises at least one agriculturally active compound and is each coated with a single layer or layers of layers comprising (1) at least one nonionic lipophilic surfactant, (2) at least one nonionic hydrophilic surfactant, and (3) at least one ionic surfactant, wherein the globules have an average particle size of less than 800 nanometers. Further information regarding this embodiment is disclosed in U.S. patent publication 20070027034 (published date 2/1/2007 and patent application No. 11/495,228). For ease of use, this embodiment is referred to as "OIWE".

For further information see "Insect PestManagement”2^ndEdition by D.Dent, copy CAB International (2000). In addition, for more details, see "Handbook of Pest Control-The Behavior, Life Histroy, and Control of Household pets" by Arnold Mallis, 9^th Edition，copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc。

Other formulation Components

Generally, when the invention disclosed in this document is used in a formulation, the formulation may also contain other components. These components include, but are not limited to (this is a non-exhaustive and non-mutually exclusive list) wetting agents, spreading agents (spreaders), stickers, penetrants, buffers, release agents (sequestrant agents), anti-drift agents (drift reduction agents), compatibility agents (compatibility agents), anti-foaming agents, detergents, and emulsifiers. Several components are described next.

Wetting agents are substances that, when added to a liquid, increase the spreading or penetration capacity of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which the liquid is spread. Wetting agents perform two main functions in agrochemical formulations: increasing the rate of wetting of the powder in water during processing and manufacture to produce a concentrate or suspension concentrate in a soluble liquid; and reducing the wetting time of the wettable powder and improving the penetration of water into the water dispersible granules during mixing of the product with water in the spray tank. Examples of wetting agents for use in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water dispersible granule formulations are sodium lauryl sulphate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate), alkylphenol ethoxylates and fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Dispersants are substances that adsorb onto the surface of particles and help to maintain the dispersed state of the particles and prevent the particles from reaggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to aid in dispersion and suspension during manufacture and to help ensure that the particles are redispersed in water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water dispersible granules. Surfactants used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly to the surface of the particles and provide a charged or steric barrier against reaggregation of the particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersant is sodium lignosulfonate (sodium lignosulphonate). For suspension concentrates, polyelectrolytes such as sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate are used to achieve very good adsorption and stabilization. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester (tristyrylphenol ethylatephosphite ester) was also used. Nonionic surfactants, such as alkylaryl ethylene oxide condensates (alkyl aryl ethylene oxide condensates) and EO-PO block copolymers, are sometimes combined with anionic surfactants as dispersants for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new classes of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These dispersants have a very long hydrophobic "backbone" and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the "teeth" of a "comb" surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers may provide very good long term stability to the suspension concentrate because the hydrophobic backbone has multiple anchor points to fix to the particle surface. Examples of dispersants used in agrochemical formulations are sodium lignosulfonates, sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl ethoxylates, EO-PO block copolymers and graft copolymers.

Emulsifiers are substances which stabilize a suspension of droplets of one liquid phase in another. In the absence of an emulsifier, the two liquids would separate into two immiscible liquid phases. The most commonly used emulsifier blends contain an alkylphenol or fatty alcohol having 12 or more ethylene oxide units and an oil soluble calcium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. Hydrophilic lipophilic balance ("HLB") values ranging from 8 to 18 will generally provide good stable emulsions. Emulsion stability can sometimes be improved by adding small amounts of EO-PO block copolymer surfactant.

Solubilizers are surfactants that form micelles in water at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The micelles are then able to solubilize or solubilize the water-insoluble material within the hydrophobic portions of the micelles. The type of surfactant commonly used for solubilization is a nonionic surfactant: sorbitan monooleate (sorbitan monooleate), sorbitan monooleate ethoxylate (sorbitan monooleate ethoxylate) and methyl oleate (methyl oleate ester).

Surfactants are sometimes used alone or sometimes in combination with other additives (such as mineral or vegetable oils as adjuvants to spray tank mixtures) to improve the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. The type of surfactant used for bioanhancement (bioenhancement) generally depends on the nature and mode of action of the pesticide. However, they are typically non-ionic, such as alkyl ethoxylates, linear fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates.

Carriers or diluents in agricultural formulations are materials that are added to pesticides to give products of desired strength. The carrier is generally a substance having a high absorption capacity (absorptive capacity), and the diluent is generally a substance having a low absorption capacity. Carriers and diluents are used in powder formulations, wettable powder formulations, granular formulations and water dispersible granular formulations.

Organic solvents are used primarily in emulsifiable concentrate formulations and ULV formulations and to a lesser extent in granular formulations. Mixtures of solvents are sometimes used. The first main group of solvents are aliphatic paraffinic oils (parafinic oils), such as kerosene or refined paraffins. The second main group and most common solvents include aromatic solvents such as xylene and the higher molecular weight fraction C₉And C₁₀An aromatic solvent. Chlorinated hydrocarbons may be used as co-solvents to prevent crystallization of the pesticide when the formulation is emulsified into water. Sometimes alcohols are used as co-solvents to increase solvent power.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used primarily in suspension concentrate formulations, emulsion formulations and suspoemulsion formulations to modify the rheology or flowability of the liquid and prevent separation or settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickeners, gelling agents and anti-settling agents are generally divided into two categories, namely water-insoluble particles and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to use clays and silica to produce suspension concentrate formulations. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, montmorillonite, such as bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and activated clay (attapulgite). Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The most commonly used types of polysaccharides are natural extracts of seeds or seaweeds or synthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum, locust bean gum (locustbean gum), carrageenan (carrageenam), alginates, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents are based on destructured starch, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohols and polyethylene oxides. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

The microorganisms cause spoilage (spoilage) of the formulated product. Preservatives are therefore used to eliminate or reduce the action of microorganisms. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to, propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, parahydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt, methylparaben, and 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).

The presence of surfactants that reduce interfacial tension typically results in foaming of the water-based formulation during the mixing operation when produced and applied by the spray can. To reduce foaming tendency, antifoams are usually added at the production stage or before bottling. In general, there are two types of defoamers, namely silicone and non-silicone. The silicone is typically an aqueous emulsion of polydimethylsiloxane, while the non-silicone antifoam agent is a water-insoluble oil such as octanol and nonanol. In both cases, the function of the defoamer is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

For further information see "Chemistry and Technology of agricultural formulations" edited by D.A. Knowles, copyright1998 by Kluwer academic publishers. See also "antibiotics in Agriculture and environmental-retrospection and Prospectra" by A.S. Perry, I.Yamamoto, I.Ishaaya, and R.Perry, copy 1998 by Springer-Verlag.

Administration of

The actual amount of pesticide applied to the locus of the pest is not critical and can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. Generally, concentrations of about 0.01 grams of insecticide per hectare to concentrations of about 5000 grams of insecticide per hectare are expected to provide good control.

The locus to which the pesticide is applied may be any locus occupied by pests, such as vegetable crops, fruit and nut trees, grapevines, ornamentals, livestock, the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings and the soil surrounding buildings.

Generally, in the case of baits, the bait is placed in a location where, for example, termites can come into contact with the bait. The bait may also be applied to surfaces of buildings (horizontal, vertical, or inclined surfaces) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies may come into contact with the bait.

Because of the unique ability of some pest eggs to resist pesticide action, repeated applications may be required to control emerging larvae.

Systemic movement of a pesticide in a plant can be used for pest control of another part of the plant by applying the pesticide to a different part of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects can be achieved by drip irrigation application or furrow application or by treating the seed prior to planting. Seed treatment may be applied to all types of seeds, including those that can be grown into plants genetically transformed to express a particular attribute. Representative examples include those seeds expressing proteins or other insecticidal toxins that are toxic to invertebrate pests (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis), those seeds expressing herbicide resistance (e.g., "Roundup Ready" seeds), or those seeds having "stacked" exogenous genes that express an insecticidal toxin, herbicide resistance, a nutrient enhancing property, or any other beneficial property. Furthermore, said seed treatment with the invention disclosed in this document can further enhance the ability of plants to better withstand stressed growth conditions. This results in healthier, more vigorous plants, and thus higher yields at harvest.

The invention disclosed in this document is suitable for controlling endoparasites (endo-arasitites) and ectoparasites (ectoarasities) in veterinary medicine or in the field of animal feeding. The compounds according to the invention are applied here in a known manner, such as orally, for example in the form of tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, transdermally, for example in the form of dips, sprays, pours, spots and dusts, and parenterally, for example in the form of injections.

The invention disclosed in this document can also be advantageously used in livestock breeding (e.g., cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, and geese). Suitable formulations are administered orally to animals along with drinking water or feed. The appropriate dosage and formulation depends on the species.

Before the pesticide can be used or sold commercially, it undergoes lengthy evaluation procedures by various governmental authorities (local, regional, state, national, international). The large data requirements (volumes data requirements) are specified by the authorities and must be given (address) by data generation (data generation) and submitted by the product registrant or by others on behalf of the product registrant. These government authorities then evaluate the data and, if a security decision is made, provide a product registration approval (product registration approval) to the potential user or seller. These insecticides can then be used or sold by the user or seller where product registration is authorized and supported.

Headings in this document are for convenience only and are not intended to be used in any way to explain any portion of this document.

Claims

1. A pesticidal composition comprising a compound having the structure:

wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r2 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r4 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r5 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r6 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r7 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl, -N (R12) (R13), -O-S (═ O)_n-C₁-C₆Haloalkyl (wherein n ═ 0-2), -S (═ O)_n-C₁-C₆Haloalkyl (wherein n ═ 0-2) or-SO₂N(R12)(R13)；

R8 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r9 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r10 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r11 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r12 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r13 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

the conditions were as follows:

(b) If Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄An alkyl group;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

2. The insecticidal composition of claim 1 wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

r2 is optionally hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN or NO₂；

R4 is optionally hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₂A haloalkyl group;

r5 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NH₂、C₁-C₂Alkyl radical, C₁-C₂Alkylthio or C₁-C₂A haloalkyl group;

r6 is optionally hydrogen;

r7 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl or-SO₂NH₂；

R8 is optionally hydrogen, NO₂Or NH₂；

R9 is optionally hydrogen, halogen or NO₂；

R10 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂Or C₁-C₆A haloalkyl group;

r11 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, NO₂Or C₁-C₂An alkoxy group.

3. The insecticidal composition of claim 1 wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen or methyl;

r2 is optionally hydrogen;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, Cl or CN;

r4 is optionally hydrogen or CF 3;

r5 is optionally hydrogen, CF₃、SCH₃Cl or CN;

r6 is optionally hydrogen;

r7 is optionally hydrogen, CF₃、Cl、SO₂NH₂、NO₂Or CN；

R8 is optionally hydrogen or NH₂；

R9 is optionally hydrogen or Cl;

r10 is optionally hydrogen, Cl or CF₃；

R11 is optionally hydrogen, Cl, NO₂Or OCH₃；

The conditions were as follows:

(b) if Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen or halogen;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

4. A method comprising submitting data to a governmental agency for approval by the agency to use or sell a composition comprising a compound having the structure:

wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r2 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r12 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r13 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

the conditions were as follows:

(b) If Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄An alkyl group;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

r2 is optionally hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN or NO₂；

R4 is optionally hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₂A haloalkyl group;

r6 is optionally hydrogen;

R8 is optionally hydrogen, NO₂Or NH₂；

R9 is optionally hydrogen, halogen or NO₂；

R10 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂Or C₁-C₆A haloalkyl group;

r11 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, NO₂Or C₁-C₂An alkoxy group.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen or methyl;

r2 is optionally hydrogen;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, Cl or CN;

r4 is optionally hydrogen or CF₃；

R5 is optionally hydrogen, CF₃、SCH₃Cl or CN;

r6 is optionally hydrogen;

r7 is optionally hydrogen, CF₃、Cl、SO₂NH₂、NO₂Or CN;

r8 is optionally hydrogen or NH₂；

R9 is optionally hydrogen or Cl;

r10 is optionally hydrogen, Cl or CF₃；

R11 is optionally hydrogen, Cl, NO₂、OCH₃；

The conditions were as follows:

(b) if Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen or halogen;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

7. A method of controlling pests comprising applying to a locus a composition comprising a compound having the structure:

wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r2 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r7 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆HaloalkoxyRadical, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Alkyl, -N (R12) (R13), -O-S (═ O)_n-C₁-C₆Haloalkyl (wherein n ═ 0-2), -S (═ O)_n-C₁-C₆Haloalkyl (wherein n ═ 0-2) or-SO₂N(R12)(R13)；

r10 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂、C₁-C₆Alkyl radical, C₁-C₆Alkoxy radical, C₁-C₆Alkylthio radical, C₁-C₆Haloalkyl, C₁-C₆Haloalkoxy, - (C ═ O) O-C₁-C₆Pylonyl or-N (R12) (R13);

r12 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

r13 is optionally hydrogen or C₁-C₆An alkyl group;

the conditions were as follows:

(b) If Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₄An alkyl group;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

r2 is optionally hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN or NO₂；

R4 is optionally hydrogen, halogen or C₁-C₂A haloalkyl group;

r6 is optionally hydrogen;

R8 is optionally hydrogen, NO₂Or NH₂；

R9 is optionally hydrogen, halogen or NO₂；

R10 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO₂Or C₁-C₆A haloalkyl group;

r11 is optionally hydrogen, halogen, NO₂Or C₁-C₂An alkoxy group.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein

R1 is optionally hydrogen or methyl;

r2 is optionally hydrogen;

x is optionally N or CR 11;

y is optionally N or CR 10;

r3 is optionally hydrogen, Cl or CN;

r4 is optionally hydrogen or CF₃；

R5 is optionally hydrogen, CF₃、SCH₃Cl or CN;

r6 is optionally hydrogen;

r7 is optionally hydrogen, CF₃、Cl、SO₂NH₂、NO₂Or CN;

r8 is optionally hydrogen or NH₂；

R9 is optionally hydrogen or Cl;

r10 is optionally hydrogen, Cl or CF₃；

R11 is optionally hydrogen, Cl, NO₂Or OCH₃；

The conditions were as follows:

(b) if Y is N, then R5 is not hydrogen or halogen;

(c) if X is CR11 and one of R9 or R11 is NO₂And Y is not N.

10. A method of controlling parasites that affect the health of an animal, comprising orally administering to the animal the composition of claim 1 or transdermally administering to the animal the composition of claim 1.