HK1146988B - Efficient system identification schemes for communication systems - Google Patents

Description

Efficient system identification scheme for communication systems

Cross reference to related applications

This application claims rights to U.S. provisional patent application No.60/979056 entitled "EFFICIENT SYSTEMIDENTIFICATIONSCHEMES FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS" filed on 10/2007, U.S. provisional patent application No.60/982265 entitled "EFFICIENTSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION SCHEMES FOR COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS" filed on 24/10/2007, and U.S. provisional patent application No.61/023528 entitled "EFFICIENT SYSTEMIDENTIFICATION SCHEMES FORCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS" filed on 25/1/2008. The foregoing application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to employing an efficient scheme to indicate system parameters in a wireless communication system.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication; for example, voice and/or data may be provided via such wireless communication systems. A typical wireless communication system or network may enable multiple users to access one or more shared resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power … …). For example, the system may utilize various multiple access techniques such as Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Code Division Multiplexing (CDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and so on.

Generally, a wireless multiple-access communication system is capable of supporting communication for multiple access terminals simultaneously. Each access terminal may communicate with one or more base stations via transmissions on forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from base stations to access terminals, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from access terminals to base stations. Such communication links may be established via single-in single-out, multiple-in single-out, or multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) systems.

MIMO systems typically employ multiple (N)_T) Transmitting antenna and a plurality of (N)_R) And the receiving antenna is used for data transmission. Can be substituted by N_TA transmission sum N_RMIMO channel formed by multiple receiving antennas is decomposed into N_SIndependent channels, also called spatial channels, where N_S≤{N_T，N_R}。N_SEach of the individual channels corresponds to a dimension. Furthermore, MIMO systems may provide improved performance (e.g., greater spectral efficiency, higher throughput, and/or greater reliability) if the additional dimensionalities created by the multiple transmit and receive antennas are utilized.

MIMO systems may support various duplexing techniques to separate forward and reverse link communications over a common physical medium. For example, a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system may utilize disparate frequency regions for forward and reverse link communications. Further, in Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, forward and reverse link communications may employ a common frequency region, such that reciprocity principles allow estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel.

Wireless communication systems often employ one or more base stations to provide coverage. A typical base station can transmit multiple data streams for broadcast, multicast, and/or unicast services, wherein a data stream may be a stream of data that can be of independent reception interest to an access terminal. An access terminal within the coverage area of such a base station can be employed to receive one, more than one, or all of the data streams carried by the composite stream. Similarly, an access terminal can transmit data to a base station or another access terminal.

Various parameters may be associated with each base station in a wireless communication system. These parameters may relate to radio frame structure type, duplexing technology, cell type, unicast-to-multicast operation, etc. For example, a base station may utilize one of two possible radio frame structures (e.g., frame structure type 1 or frame structure type 2 as set forth in the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) specification). Further, the base station may be part of a TDD system or an FDD system. Further, the base station may be associated with a macro cell or a femto cell. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may be part of a unicast system or a multicast system.

Conventionally, when a connection between an access terminal and a base station with which the access terminal interacts is initialized, the access terminal has no knowledge of parameters associated with the base station. For example, upon power up, an access terminal can begin transmitting data to and/or receiving data from a particular base station. However, an access terminal may not be aware of the radio frame structure type, duplexing technique, cell type, and/or unicast/multicast operation utilized by or associated with the base station with which it is communicating.

Common techniques used by access terminals to determine various parameters associated with corresponding base stations are oftentimes inefficient and time consuming. By way of illustration, an access terminal typically effectuates acquisition by decoding information transmitted on a broadcast channel and subsequently transmitted information. The signals transmitted by the base station are then typically decoded to determine one or more of the aforementioned parameters. However, when such parameters are unknown, decoding both of these signals may be difficult in the best case. According to an example, when employing blind Cyclic Prefix (CP) detection, an access terminal may not be able to distinguish between the use of frame structure type 1 and frame structure type 2.

Disclosure of Invention

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and thus, is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all embodiments nor delineate the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In accordance with one or more embodiments and corresponding disclosure thereof, various aspects are described in connection with efficiently specifying parameters associated with a base station with a synchronization signal in a wireless communication environment. For example, the relative locations of the PSC and SSC in a radio frame can be a function of a parameter. Further, a PSC sequence used to generate a PSC can be selected based on a parameter. Further, whether the PSC is included or excluded from the radio frame may be a function of the parameter. Additionally or alternatively, the pseudo-random sequence mapping (e.g., to cell ID, tone location) may be a function of the parameter. Example parameters may be whether the base station is part of a TDD or FDD system, whether the radio frame employs FS1 or FS2, whether the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or whether the base station is associated with a unicast or multicast system.

According to related aspects, a method that facilitates identifying one or more parameters related to a base station in a wireless communication environment is described herein. The method can include generating a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC). Further, the method can include scheduling the PSC and the SSC at relative locations in a radio frame according to a first parameter corresponding to a base station. Further, the method can include transmitting the radio frame over a downlink to indicate the first parameter based on a relative location of the PSC and the SSC.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. A wireless communications apparatus can comprise a memory that retains instructions related to selecting a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence based upon a first parameter of a base station, generating a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) based upon the selected PSC sequence, and transmitting a radio frame comprising the generated PSC on a downlink based upon the selected PSC sequence to indicate the first parameter. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute the instructions retained in the memory.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus that facilitates efficiently specifying one or more parameters to at least one access terminal in a wireless communication environment. A wireless communication device can include means for scheduling a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) at relative locations in the radio frame based upon a first parameter corresponding to a base station. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include means for transmitting the radio frame on a downlink to identify the first parameter based upon a relative location of the PSC and the SSC.

Yet another aspect relates to a computer program product, which may include a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium can comprise code for selecting a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence based on a first parameter of a base station. Moreover, a computer-readable medium can comprise code for generating a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) based on the selected PSC sequence. Moreover, the computer-readable medium can comprise code for transmitting a radio frame comprising the generated PSC on a downlink based on the selected PSC sequence to indicate the first parameter.

According to another aspect, an apparatus in a wireless communication system can include a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to schedule a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) at relative locations in the radio frame based upon a first parameter corresponding to a base station. Further, a processor can be configured to transmit the radio frame on a downlink to identify the first parameter based on a relative location of the PSC and the SSC.

According to other aspects, a method that facilitates interpreting at least one parameter corresponding to a base station in a wireless communication environment is described herein. The method may include receiving a radio frame from a base station. Further, the method may include analyzing the radio frame to determine at least one of: the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes both types of synchronization signals. Further, the method may include determining at least one parameter associated with the base station based on whether the relative position, the sequence, or the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals.

Yet another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus that can include a memory that retains instructions related to receiving a radio frame from a base station, analyzing the radio frame to determine at least one of: the method may include determining a relative position of different types of synchronization signals, a sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals, and determining at least one parameter associated with the base station based on the relative position, the sequence, or whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute the instructions retained in the memory.

Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus that enables determining one or more parameters associated with a base station in a wireless communication environment. Such a wireless communication device may include means for analyzing a radio frame received from a base station, the radio frame analyzed to interpret at least one of: the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes both types of synchronization signals. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include means for determining at least one parameter associated with the base station based upon whether the relative position, the sequence, or the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals.

Yet another aspect relates to a computer program product, which may include a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include code for analyzing a radio frame received from a base station, the radio frame analyzed to interpret at least one of: the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes both types of synchronization signals. Further, the computer-readable medium can include code for determining at least one parameter associated with the base station based on whether the relative position, the sequence, or the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals.

According to another aspect, an apparatus in a wireless communication system can include a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to evaluate a radio frame received from a base station to interpret at least one of: the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes both types of synchronization signals. Further, the processor may be configured to determine at least one parameter associated with the base station based on whether the relative position, the sequence, or the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more embodiments comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more embodiments. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various embodiments may be employed and the described embodiments are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an illustration of a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects described herein.

Fig. 2 is an illustration of an example frame structure type 1(FS1) radio frame.

Fig. 3 is an illustration of an example frame structure type 2(FS2) radio frame.

Fig. 4 is an illustration of an example system that utilizes synchronization signals to indicate base station related parameters in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 5-6 are diagrams of example radio frame structures that utilize relative positions of synchronization signals to disseminate information related to one or more parameters.

Fig. 7 is an illustration of an example methodology that facilitates identifying one or more parameters related to a base station in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 8 is an illustration of an example methodology that facilitates indicating one or more parameters corresponding to a base station in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 9 is an illustration of an example methodology that facilitates interpreting at least one parameter corresponding to a base station in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 10 is an illustration of an example access terminal that utilizes an efficient identification scheme to identify parameters associated with a base station in a wireless communication system.

Fig. 11 is an illustration of an example system that utilizes synchronization signals to indicate parameters to an access terminal in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 12 is an illustration of an example wireless network environment that can be employed in conjunction with the various systems and methods described herein.

Fig. 13 is an illustration of an example system that facilitates efficiently specifying one or more parameters to at least one access terminal in a wireless communication environment.

Fig. 14 is an illustration of an example system that enables determining one or more parameters with respect to a base station in a wireless communication environment.

Detailed Description

Embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.

As used in this application, the terms "component," "module," "system," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the internet with other systems by way of the signal).

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and others. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRA includes wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). OFDMA systems may implement radio technologies such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE802.11(Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16(WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink.

Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) utilizes single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization. SC-FDMA has similar performance and substantially the same overall complexity as OFDMA systems. The SC-FDMA signal has a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) because it has an inherent single carrier structure. For example, SC-FDMA can be used in uplink communications where a lower PAPR is of great benefit to an access terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency. Thus, SC-FDMA may be implemented as an uplink multiple access scheme in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) or evolved UTRA.

Moreover, various embodiments are described herein in connection with an access terminal. An access terminal can also be called a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or User Equipment (UE). An access terminal may be a mobile telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. Furthermore, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a base station. A base station may be utilized for communicating with access terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, node B, evolved node B (enodeb), or by some other name.

Furthermore, various aspects or features described herein may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer-readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk (CD), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., EPROM, card, stick, key drive, etc.). In addition, various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" can include, without being limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and/or carrying instruction(s) and/or data.

Referring now to fig. 1, a wireless communication system 100 is illustrated in accordance with various embodiments presented herein. System 100 comprises a base station 102, which base station 102 can comprise multiple antenna groups. For example, one antenna group can include antennas 104 and 106, another group can include antennas 108 and 110, and an additional group can include antennas 112 and 114. Two antennas are shown for each antenna group; however, more or fewer antennas may be used for each group. Base station 102 can additionally include a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, each of which can in turn comprise a plurality of components associated with signal transmission and reception (e.g., processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.), as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art.

Base station 102 may communicate with one or more access terminals, such as access terminal 116 and access terminal 122; however, it is to be appreciated that base station 102 can communicate with substantially any number of access terminals similar to access terminals 116 and 122. Access terminals 116 and 122 can be, for example, cellular phones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems, PDAs, and/or any other suitable device for communicating over wireless communication system 100. As depicted, access terminal 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to access terminal 116 over forward link 118 and receive information from access terminal 116 over reverse link 120. In addition, access terminal 122 is in communication with antennas 104 and 106, where antennas 104 and 106 transmit information to access terminal 122 over forward link 124 and receive information from access terminal 122 over reverse link 126. In a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, forward link 118 can utilize a different frequency band than that used by reverse link 120, and forward link 124 can employ a different frequency band than that employed by reverse link 126, for example. Further, in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, forward link 118 and reverse link 120 can utilize a common frequency band and forward link 124 and reverse link 126 can utilize a common frequency band.

The area in which each group of antennas and/or designated antennas communicate can be referred to as a sector of base station 102. For example, antenna groups can be designed to communicate to access terminals in a sector of the areas covered by base station 102. In communicating over forward links 118 and 124, the transmitting antennas of base station 102 can utilize beamforming to improve signal-to-noise ratio of forward links for access terminals 116 and 122. Also, when base station 102 utilizes beamforming to transmit to access terminals 116 and 122 scattered randomly through an associated coverage, access terminals in neighboring cells can be subject to less interference than if the base station were transmitting through a single antenna to all its access terminals.

The system 100 employs an efficient scheme for identifying system parameters. Base station 102 can utilize the synchronization signal to indicate one or more parameters associated with base station 102 to access terminals 116 and 122. Employing synchronization signals to provide notification of various parameters associated with base station 102 can reduce blind decoding of downlink information by access terminals 116 and 122 without knowledge of such parameters. Thus, access terminals 116 and 122 can use the synchronization signal to determine parameters without blindly decoding information transmitted on the downlink, thereby more efficiently notifying access terminals 116 and 122 of such parameters.

One or more parameters may be indicated to access terminals 116 and 122 via a synchronization signal. For example, the synchronization signal may tell the access terminals 116 and 122 whether the base station 102 is using frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS 2). Pursuant to another illustration, the synchronization signal can indicate to the access terminals 116 and 122 whether the base station 102 is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system. According to another example, the synchronization signal can specify to the access terminals 116 and 122 whether the base station 102 is associated with a macro cell or a femto cell. Additionally or alternatively, the synchronization signal may tell the access terminal 116 whether the base station 102 is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system. It is to be appreciated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing example parameters; but any other parameters related to the base station 102 are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

One or more synchronization signals may be transmitted by the base station 102. For example, a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) signal and/or a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) signal can be transmitted by the base station 102. The primary synchronization code signal may be a synchronization signal used for cell detection during initial cell search, and the secondary synchronization code signal may be a synchronization signal used for cell determination during initial cell search.

The primary synchronization signal can be generated based on the PSC sequence and referred to as a PSC signal. The PSC sequence may be a Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence, a pseudo-random number (PN) sequence, or the like. Some exemplary CAZAC sequences include Chu sequences, Zadoff-Chu sequences, Frank sequences, generalized chirp-like (GCL) sequences, and the like. The secondary synchronization signal may be generated based on the SSC sequence and referred to as an SSC signal. The SSC sequence can be a maximum length sequence (M-sequence), a PN sequence, a binary sequence, and the like. The PSC signal may be referred to as a primary synchronization signal, PSC, or the like, and the SSC signal may be referred to as a secondary synchronization signal, SSC, or the like.

In system 100, parameters corresponding to base station 102 may be specified based on one or more factors corresponding to synchronization signals, such as the relative positions of different types of synchronization signals within a radio frame, a selected sequence for generating a given type of synchronization signal, the inclusion or exclusion of a particular type of synchronization signal, and so forth. In contrast, conventional techniques often utilize blind detection of a Cyclic Prefix (CP) by an access terminal in an attempt to determine parameters, which may be inefficient and/or inefficient. For example, the CP length can be different between FS2 and FS1 in PSC and SSC (e.g., 8.33 microseconds (us) and 17.71us for PSC and SSC, respectively, for FS2 and 5.21us and 16.67us for PSC and SSC, respectively, for FS 1). The CP may be blindly detected by the access terminal between normal CP (e.g., 5.21us) and extended CP (e.g., 16.67us) for FS 1. In addition, the access terminal may distinguish between normal CP (e.g., 8.33us) and extended CP (e.g., 17.71us) with blind CP detection for FS 2. As a result, such conventional techniques using blind detection of CPs may not be able to distinguish FS1 from FS 2.

Further, the basic broadcast channel (PBCH) location may be different between FS1 and FS 2. Blind PBCH decoding, which is often done in the normal manner (e.g., 24 blind decoding including blind antenna detection and 40ms frame boundary detection during every 10ms initial acquisition), may be performed by doubling the complexity of access terminal PBCH decoding to distinguish FS1 from FS 2. Furthermore, unless unity (unity) is utilized, SSC detection may be doubled due to the use of four different CP lengths; however, considering that unless FS1 pays higher overhead for FDD normal CP, FS2 may assume that the guard Gap (GP) is absorbed in CP, so unification may not be cost-effective. Thus, the conventional technique may not be efficient in distinguishing FS1 from FS 2.

Furthermore, for FS2, conventional techniques may not provide sufficient guard time between the downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS) and the uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS). Conversely, system 100 can provide greater guard time for uplink and downlink switching.

Referring now to fig. 2-3, example radio frame structures are shown. Two radio frame structures are given in the E-UTRA specification: namely, frame structure type 1(FS1) and frame structure type 2(FS 2). FS1 may be applicable to FDD and TDD systems, while FS2 may be applicable to TDD systems. It is to be appreciated that fig. 2-3 are provided for purposes of illustration, and that the disclosed subject matter is not limited in scope to these examples (e.g., radio frames … … of any length, number of subframes, number of time slots, etc. may be employed).

Referring to fig. 2, an example frame structure type 1(FS1) radio frame 200 is shown. FS1 radio frame 200 may be used in conjunction with FDD or TDD. Further, FS1 radio frame 200 may be a 10ms radio frame that includes 20 time slots (e.g., time slot 0......, time slot 19), where each time slot has a length of 0.5 ms. Furthermore, two adjacent time slots (e.g., time slots 0 and 1, time slots 2 and 3,.....) from FS1 radio frame 200 may constitute one subframe of length 1 ms; thus, FS1 radio frame 200 may include 10 subframes.

Referring to fig. 3, an example frame structure type 2(FS2) radio frame 300 is shown. FS2 radio frame 300 may be employed in connection with TDD. FS2 radio frame 300 may be a 10ms radio frame that includes 10 subframes. Further, FS2 radio frame 300 may include two substantially similar fields (e.g., field 302 and field 304), each of which may have a length of 5 ms. Each of the half frames 302 and 304 may include eight slots each having a length of 0.5ms and three fields (e.g., DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS), each having a configurable individual length, and a total length of 1 ms. In addition to subframes 1 and 6, a subframe includes two adjacent slots including DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS.

Referring to fig. 4, illustrated is a system 400 that employs synchronization signals to indicate base station related parameters in a wireless communication environment. System 400 includes a base station 402 that can transmit and/or receive information, signals, data, instructions, commands, bits, symbols, and the like from base station 402. Base station 402 can communicate with access terminal 404 via a forward link and/or a reverse link. Access terminal 404 can transmit and/or receive information, signals, data, instructions, commands, bits, symbols, and the like. Moreover, although not shown, it is contemplated that any number of base stations similar to base station 402 can be included in system 400 and/or any number of access terminals similar to access terminal 404 can be included in system 400.

Base station 402 can be associated with one or more parameters 406 to be disseminated (disassociated) to access terminal 404 via a synchronization signal. In addition, the base station 402 can include a synchronization signal generator 408, the synchronization signal generator 408 generating a synchronization signal for downlink transmission based on one or more parameters 406 corresponding to the base station 402. For example, the synchronization signal generator 408 can generate synchronization signals to transmit based on the parameters 406 of the base station 402 being indicated to the access terminal 404, based on a selected sequence, schedule a type of synchronization signal within a radio frame, enable or disable inclusion of a given type of synchronization signal, select a pseudo-random sequence to employ, a combination of these operations, and/or the like. In addition, a synchronization signal provided by a synchronization signal generator 408 can be transmitted to the access terminal 404.

The access terminal 404 can receive a synchronization signal from the base station 402 and determine a parameter associated with the base station 402 based on the received synchronization signal. The access terminal 404 may also include a synchronization signal evaluator 410 and a parameter determiner 412. The synchronization signal evaluator 410 may analyze the received synchronization signal. By way of illustration, the synchronization signal evaluator 410 can determine a sequence identity associated with a given type of received synchronization signal, a relative location of different types of synchronization signals within a radio frame, whether a given type of synchronization signal is included or excluded, a pseudorandom sequence used, combinations thereof, and the like. Further, based on the analysis, the parameter determiner 412 can identify parameters associated with the base station 402. The parameter determiner 412 can utilize analysis of the received synchronization signals by the synchronization signal evaluator 410 to interpret parameters corresponding to the base station 402 based on a priori knowledge of how the synchronization signals are selected, scheduled, etc. by the synchronization signal generator 408. For example, the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals identified by the synchronization signal evaluator 410 in the radio frame may be used by the parameter determiner 412 to determine whether the frame structure type 1 or the frame structure type 2 is employed by the base station 402; it is to be appreciated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to such an example.

The synchronization signal generator 408 of the base station 402 can include a selector 414, the selector 414 can determine a synchronization code sequence for generating the synchronization signal. A different PSC sequence can be selected by a selector 414 based on the parameters 406, and a PSC can be generated by a synchronization signal generator 408 based on the selected PSC sequence for transmission on the downlink. Thus, synchronization signal evaluator 410 can detect which PSC sequence was selected by selector 414 and used by synchronization signal generator 408 for the received synchronization signal (e.g., PSC.. and...), and parameter determiner 412 can identify a parameter corresponding to the detected PSC sequence.

For example, a different PSC sequence can be selected by selector 414 for use by synchronization signal generator 408 to distinguish between FS1 and FS 2. Conventional systems often employ three PSC sequences (e.g., two of the three PSC sequences may be complex conjugates of each other). Conversely, system 400 can add an additional PSC sequence (e.g., a fourth PSC sequence). The fourth PSC sequence may be defined in the frequency domain as the complex conjugate of one of the three commonly used (common) PSC sequences of a conventional system that is not the complex conjugate of the other two PSC sequences. Further, selector 414 can choose to use three commonly used PSC sequences if base station 402 utilizes FS1, and can choose to use an additional fourth PSC sequence if base station 402 utilizes FS 2. Thus, FS2 can be indicated using one PSC sequence, and FS1 can be indicated using three PSC sequences. Thus, the synchronization signal estimator 410 can attempt to detect the four PSC sequences. If synchronization signal evaluator 410 detects one of the three commonly used PSC sequences, then parameter determiner 412 can identify that FS1 is being used by base station 402. Alternatively, if synchronization signal evaluator 410 detects the fourth PSC sequence, parameter determiner 412 can determine that FS2 was employed by base station 402. Pursuant to another illustration, it is contemplated that FS1 can be utilized to identify base station 402 with a fourth PSC sequence and that three other commonly utilized PSC sequences can be employed to identify FS2 for base station 402.

According to another example, the selector 414 can utilize a disparate PSC sequence to indicate whether the base station 402 is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system. Following this example, the selector 414 can select a particular PSC sequence for use by the synchronization signal generator 408 in generating PSCs to distinguish multimedia broadcasts on a single frequency network (MBSFN) carrier from other FDD/TDD systems (e.g., unicast carriers). MBSFN may use time-synchronized common waveforms transmitted from multiple cells for a given period of time; thus, multiple base stations (e.g., base station 402 and any number of other base stations (not shown)) can transmit the same information to access terminal 404. Further, the multicast system may use an MBSFN carrier, which may be a dedicated carrier. The selector 414 can then allow identification of whether the base station 402 uses the MBSFN carrier to the access terminal 404. Similar to the example above, system 400 can utilize four PSC sequences (e.g., three commonly used PSC sequences and an additional fourth sequence). Likewise, the fourth PSC sequence can be defined in the frequency domain as the complex conjugate of the PSC sequence of the three PSC sequences typically used by conventional systems that is not the complex conjugate of the other two PSC sequences. Moreover, selector 414 can select to use three commonly used PSC sequences if base station 402 utilizes a non-MBSFN carrier (e.g., a unicast carrier), and can select to use an additional fourth PSC sequence if base station 402 utilizes an MBSFN carrier. Thus, one PSC sequence can be used to indicate that an MBSFN carrier is used, while three PSC sequences can be used to indicate that a non-MBSFN carrier is used. Thus, the synchronization signal estimator 410 can attempt to detect the four PSC sequences. If the synchronization signal evaluator 410 detects one of the three commonly used PSC sequences, the parameter determiner 412 can identify the non-MBSFN carrier used by the base station 402. Alternatively, if the synchronization signal evaluator 410 detects the fourth PSC sequence, the parameter determiner 412 can determine that the base station 402 employs an MBSFN carrier. According to another illustration, it is contemplated that a fourth PSC sequence can be utilized to identify that base station 402 utilizes a non-MBSFN carrier, while the other three commonly utilized PSC sequences are employed to identify that base station 402 utilizes an MBSFN carrier. Similarly, it is also contemplated that different PSC sequences may be utilized to distinguish between a base station 402 associated with a femtocell and a nominal cell (e.g., a macrocell) and/or to distinguish between a TDD system and an FDD system.

The synchronization signal generator 408 may additionally or alternatively include a scheduler 416, the scheduler 416 scheduling different types of synchronization signals within each radio frame according to the parameters 406 corresponding to the base station 402. The scheduler 416 can then determine and assign the relative locations of the PSC and SSC within a radio frame. Further, the synchronization signal evaluator 410 can detect a relative location of the PSC and SSC, and based thereon, the parameter determiner 412 can identify one or more parameters associated with the base station 402. For example, the relative locations of the PSCs and SSCs can be used to distinguish whether the base station 402 is associated with FS1 or FS2, TDD or FDD, unicast or multicast operation, and/or whether a macrocell or femtocell. In addition, the scheduler 416 can control the location of the PSC and SSC within a radio frame. The locations of the PSC and SSC can be used to represent different types/portions of system information that can be associated with TDD or FDD type systems, cells of different sizes or purposes, etc.

Referring to fig. 5-6, example radio frame structures 500 and 600 are shown that utilize the relative position of synchronization signals to disseminate information related to one or more parameters. Each radio frame (e.g., radio frame T502, radio frame T602....) may be divided into a plurality (e.g., S, where S may be substantially any integer....) of time slots (e.g., or a subset of S time slots may be replaced with a field described herein for frame structure type 2.), each time slot may include a plurality (e.g., T, where T may be substantially any integer....) of symbol periods. For example, each radio frame (e.g., radio frame 502, radio frame 602.) may have a length of 10ms and each timeslot may have a length of 0.5 ms. Further, a subframe may include two adjacent slots (e.g., slot 0 and slot 1). Further, each slot may cover 6 or 7 symbol periods, depending on the length of the cyclic prefix. Although not shown, it is to be appreciated that a frame structure type 1 radio frame may include subframes including slot 2 and slot 3 adjacent to subframes including slot 0 and slot 1 (as well as subframes including slot S/2+2 and slot S/2+3 adjacent to subframes including slot S/2 and slot S/2+ 1), while a frame structure type 2 radio frame may include subframes including fields (e.g., DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS) adjacent to subframes including slot 0 and slot 1 (as well as another subframe including such fields adjacent to subframes including slot S/2 and slot S/2+ 1). Moreover, it is contemplated that the radio frame may be divided in any of various ways.

As shown, the synchronization signal may be mapped to include OFDM symbols in the slots 0504, 604 and S/2506, 606 (e.g., slot 10). However, the relative locations of the PSC and SSC can be different between radio frame structures 500 and 600 (e.g., as controlled by scheduler 416 of fig. 4). As shown in fig. 5, a PSC is mapped to a last OFDM symbol (e.g., symbol 508, symbol 510.) in a slot 0504 and a slot S/2506 (e.g., first and eleventh slots), and an SSC is mapped to an adjacent OFDM symbol (e.g., symbol 512, symbol 514...) before the last OFDM symbol. Further, as shown in fig. 6, the SSC is mapped to a last OFDM symbol (e.g., symbol 608, symbol 610.) in a slot 0604 and a slot S/2606 (e.g., first and eleventh slots), and the PSC is mapped to an adjacent OFDM symbol (e.g., symbol 612, symbol 614.) before the last OFDM symbol.

The relative positional difference of the PSC and SSC can be a function of one or more parameters. For example, the relative positions of the PSC and SSC in the preamble and midamble (middle amble) may depend on whether the base station sends radio frames with FS1 or FS 2. Following this example, in FS1, the PSC can be mapped to the last OFDM symbol in the first and eleventh slots and the SSC can be adjacent to the PSC, as shown in fig. 5. Further, in FS2, the SSC can be mapped to the last OFDM symbol and the PSC can be adjacent to the SSC, as shown in fig. 6. Further, a receiving access terminal can detect a PSC and/or SSC to distinguish such parameters. Thus, in accordance with the above examples, a receiving access terminal can determine the relative location of a PSC and SSC, which can then be utilized to distinguish whether FS1 or FS2 is utilized by a transmitting base station. It is to be appreciated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the aforementioned examples; rather, any other parameter in addition to or instead of the frame structure type can be specified by the relative location of the PSC and SSC. Examples of such base station specific parameters may be, but are not limited to, whether the base station is associated with multicast or unicast operation, with TDD or FDD, and/or with a femto cell or macro cell. For example, a PSC and SSC can be placed in different locations (e.g., in a preamble, a midamble, an nth subframe.) so that an access terminal can distinguish between different cell types based on such placement (e.g., a nominal/macrocell from a femtocell, where the femtocell can transmit at a lower power than other macrocells).

Although fig. 5-6 illustrate mapping PSCs and SSCs to the last two adjacent OFDM symbols in slots 0504, 604 and slots S/2506, 606, it is to be appreciated that claimed subject matter is not so limited. For example, PSCs and/or SSCs can be transmitted in any slot in addition to or instead of slots 0504, 604 and slots S/2506, 606. In addition, the PSC and SSC can be mapped to any OFDM symbol within a slot. As another example, a symbol spacing between the PSC and SSC (e.g., the PSC and SSC are adjacent, separated by one, two, etc. symbols.) can be a function of one or more parameters. According to another illustration, there is no need to transmit PSCs; whether to include or not to include a PSC may be a function of one or more parameters.

Referring again to fig. 4, scheduler 416 may or may not also include PSCs from radio frames generated for transmission, e.g., based on one or more parameters. Following this example, PSCs can be eliminated in FS2 operating mode (e.g., in TDD type systems). In addition, the location of the PSC in FS2 may be used for additional guard time for uplink and downlink handovers. Then, one sequence may be defined for synchronization (e.g., SSC may be reserved but with a different sequence design than FS 1).

As another illustration, the synchronization signal generator 408 can employ different pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) depending on one or more parameters. For example, different PRSs may be mapped to the same cell Identifier (ID) depending on whether FS1 or FS2 is employed by the base station 402. The same PRS may be reused between FS1 and FS2, but with a different mapping to the cell ID. Additionally or alternatively, PRSs may be mapped to different tone locations depending on whether FS1 or FS2 is employed.

According to an example, PRS positions in the frequency domain can be linked to cell IDs. Different cells may have different locations for PRSs. Thus, to distinguish between different parameters, the same sequence may be used, but with different positions in the frequency domain. The access terminal can detect the PRS so that associated parameters can be determined. Pursuant to an illustration, the PRS position can be utilized for purposes of acknowledgement. Following this illustration, a PSC sequence selected for generating a PSC, or the inclusion/exclusion of a PSC, can be selected to specify parameters based on the relative locations of the PSC and SSC, and such parameters can be communicated to the access terminal via the PRS location for confirmation; however, claimed subject matter is not so limited.

According to another example, different systems can use different scrambling codes on top of the SSC sequence so that the access terminal 404 can use such information to distinguish between such systems. For example, such information may be used to distinguish TDD systems from FDD systems, nominal (e.g., macro......) cells and femtocells, unicast systems and multicast systems (e.g., mbsfn.....), FS1 and FS2, and so on. Thus, the particular scrambling code may be selected based on the parameters.

According to another illustration, in E-UTRAN three PSC-based Scrambling Sequences (SCs) can be defined to scramble the SSC sequence, wherein each scrambling sequence can be determined by an index of the corresponding PSC sequence. The SSC sequence can be scrambled using N additional different scrambling sequences. As a result, it can be used for FDD systems (SC1, SC2, SC3) and TDD systems (SC4, SC5, SC 6). Similarly, use for femto cells (SC7, SC 8.... cndot.scn), etc. A set of scrambling codes from the plurality of possible sets may then be selected in dependence on the parameter.

Referring to fig. 7-9, methodologies relating to efficiently specifying parameters in a wireless communication environment are illustrated. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will recognize and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more embodiments.

Referring to fig. 7, illustrated is a methodology 700 that facilitates identifying one or more parameters related to a base station in a wireless communication environment. At 702, a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) can be generated. For example, a PSC can be generated based on a PSC sequence, and a SSC can be generated based on a SSC sequence. At 704, the PSC and SSC can be scheduled at relative locations in a radio frame according to parameters corresponding to a base station. According to an illustration, the parameter can be whether the base station is part of a TDD system or part of an FDD system. As another example, the parameter may be whether the radio frame adopts a frame structure type 1(FS1) or a frame structure type 2(FS 2). Further, the parameter may be whether the base station is associated with a macro cell or a femto cell. According to another example, the parameter may be whether the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system. Any relative location of the PSC and SSC can be utilized to distinguish between parameters. For example, whether a PSC or SSC is mapped to an earlier OFDM symbol in one or more slots of a radio frame can be a function of a parameter. According to another example, the symbol interval between the PSC and SSC can be a function of a parameter. At 706, a radio frame can be transmitted on the downlink to specify a parameter based on a relative location of the PSC and SSC.

For example, where FS1 is employed, a PSC can be mapped to a last OFDM symbol in one or more slots of a radio frame, while a SSC can be mapped to an adjacent OFDM symbol immediately preceding the last OFDM symbol. Following this example, when FS2 is utilized, the SSC can be mapped to the last OFDM symbol in one or more slots of a radio frame, while the PSC can be mapped to an adjacent OFDM symbol immediately preceding the last OFDM symbol. Based on the transmitted radio frames, the access terminal can detect the relative location of the PSC and SSC to determine whether FS1 or FS2 is employed. It is to be appreciated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the aforementioned examples.

According to another illustration (described below), the PSC sequence used to generate PSCs to be included in a radio frame can be selected based on a parameter, which can be the same as or different from the parameter specified by the relative location. As another example, different pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) may be mapped to a common cell ID according to a parameter (e.g., the same or different from a parameter specified by a relative position). Additionally or alternatively, the PRS may be mapped to different tone locations based on parameters (e.g., the same or different from the parameters specified by the relative location). For example, the PRS mapping can be used as a confirmation mechanism for parameters specified with the relative locations of the PSC and SSC; however, claimed subject matter is not so limited. According to another illustration, PSCs can be eliminated from radio frames when FS2 is utilized; however, claimed subject matter is not so limited. As another example, a particular scrambling code can be selected from a set of possible scrambling codes based on a parameter to be used on top of a SSC sequence to generate a SSC. Additionally or alternatively, a set of possible scrambling codes can be selected based on a parameter, from which a particular scrambling code can be selected for use on top of the SSC sequence to generate the SSC.

Referring now to fig. 8, illustrated is a methodology 800 that facilitates indicating one or more parameters corresponding to a base station in a wireless communication environment. At 802, a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence can be selected based upon a parameter of a base station. For example, four possible PSC sequences may be employed, which may include three commonly used PSC sequences and one additional PSC sequence. Two of the commonly used PSC sequences may be complex conjugates of each other, while the third and fourth additional PSC sequences of the commonly used PSC sequences may be complex conjugates of each other. In addition, any one of the three commonly used PSC sequences or a fourth additional PSC sequence may be selected for use based on a parameter. At 804, a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) can be generated based upon the selected PSC sequence. At 806, a radio frame including the generated PSC can be transmitted over a downlink based on the selected PSC sequence to indicate a parameter. For example, an access terminal receiving a radio frame can detect the selected PSC sequence and determine parameters based thereon.

According to an example, selection of a PSC sequence can be utilized to distinguish FS1 from FS 2. Following this example, one of three commonly used PCS sequences may be selected when FS1 is employed, while a fourth additional PSC sequence may be selected when FS2 is utilized (or vice versa). As another illustration, selection of a PSC sequence can be used to distinguish between a base station associated with a unicast system and a multicast system. Thus, one of the three commonly used PSC sequences may be selected when using unicast carriers, while a fourth additional PSC sequence may be selected when using MBSFN carriers (or vice versa). Further, the relative locations of the PSC and SSC, PRS mapping, selection of scrambling codes, selection of scrambling code groups, etc., can be utilized in conjunction with selection of the PSC sequence to provide notification related to the same parameter (e.g., indicated via PSC sequence selection).

Referring to fig. 9, illustrated is a methodology that facilitates interpreting at least one parameter corresponding to a base station in a wireless communication environment. At 902, a radio frame may be received from a base station. At 904, the radio frame can be analyzed to determine at least one of: the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate the particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes both types of synchronization signals. For example, the relative location of the PSC relative to the SSC can be determined. According to another example, a PSC sequence used to generate a PSC can be determined. Additionally or alternatively, it can be determined whether the PSC is included or excluded in a received radio frame. As another illustration, a scrambling code used by the base station to scramble the SSC can be determined. At 906, at least one parameter associated with the base station can be identified based on whether the relative position, sequence, or radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals. Further, at least one parameter may be ascertained based on an evaluation of the utilized PRS sequence.

It is to be appreciated that, in accordance with one or more aspects described herein, inferences can be made regarding efficiently informing and/or determining parameters associated with a base station in a wireless communication environment. As used herein, the term "inference" refers generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to determine a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. Inference can be probabilistic-that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the creation of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are close in time, and whether the events and data originate from one or several event and data sources.

According to an example, one or more methods provided above can include making inferences regarding determining an identity of one or more parameters associated with a base station based on an evaluation of a received synchronization signal. By way of further illustration, an inference can be made regarding determining a notification scheme to be used by a base station to communicate one or more parameters associated therewith via a downlink. It will be appreciated that the above examples are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the number of inferences that can be made or the manner in which such inferences are made in conjunction with the various embodiments and/or methods described herein.

Fig. 10 is an illustration of an example access terminal 1000 that utilizes an efficient identification scheme to identify parameters associated with base stations in a wireless communication system. Access terminal 1000 can comprise a receiver 1002 that receives a signal from, for instance, a receive antenna (not shown), and performs typical actions thereon (e.g., filters, amplifies, downconverts, etc.) the received signal and digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain samples. Receiver 1002 can be, for example, an MMSE receiver, and can comprise a demodulator 1004 that can demodulate received symbols and provide them to a processor 1006 for estimating a channel. Processor 1006 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver 1002 and/or generating information for transmission by a transmitter 1016, a processor that controls one or more components of access terminal 1000, and/or a processor that both analyzes information received by receiver 1002, generates information for transmission by transmitter 1016, and controls one or more components of access terminal 1000.

Access terminal 1000 can also include memory 1008 that is operatively coupled to processor 1006 and that is capable of storing data to be transmitted, received data, and any other suitable information related to performing the various actions and functions described herein. For example, memory 1008 may store protocols and/or algorithms associated with analyzing synchronization signals included in received radio frames and/or determining parameters based on such analysis.

It will be appreciated that the data store (e.g., memory 1008) described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (prom), electrically programmable ROM (eprom), electrically erasable ROM (eeprom), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, there are many forms of RAM available, such as Synchronous RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1008 of the subject systems and methods is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

Receiver 1002 is further operatively coupled to a synchronization signal evaluator 1010 and/or a parameter determiner 1012. The synchronization signal evaluator 1010 may be substantially similar to the synchronization signal evaluator 410 of fig. 4. Further, the parameter determiner 1012 may be substantially similar to the parameter determiner 412 of fig. 4. The synchronization signal evaluator 1010 may evaluate a synchronization signal included in the received radio frame. For example, the synchronization signal evaluator 1010 can determine the relative location of different types of synchronization signals (e.g., the relative location of the PSC and SSC). According to another illustration, the synchronization signal evaluator 1010 can identify a sequence (e.g., a PSC sequence) that is used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal (e.g., a PSC). According to another illustration, the synchronization signal evaluator 1010 can analyze whether a radio frame includes one or two types of synchronization signals (e.g., whether the radio frame includes or lacks a psc..). Further, the synchronization signal evaluator 1010 can review PRSs associated with the radio frame. Further, the parameter determiner 1012 can utilize the analysis performed by the synchronization signal evaluator 1010 to determine one or more parameters corresponding to a base station transmitting a radio frame on the downlink. Access terminal 1000 can additionally comprise a modulator 1014 and a transmitter 1016, where transmitter 1016 transmits a signal to, for instance, a base station, another access terminal, and/or the like. Although shown as being separate from the processor 1006, it is to be appreciated that the synchronization signal evaluator 1010, the parameter determiner 1012, and/or the modulator 1014 can be part of the processor 1006 or multiple processors (not shown).

Fig. 11 is an illustration of a system 1100 that utilizes synchronization signals to indicate parameters to an access terminal in a wireless communication environment. System 1100 includes a base station 1102 (e.g., an access point.) having a receiver 1110 and a transmitter 1122, the receiver 1110 receiving signals from one or more access terminals 1104 via a plurality of receive antennas 1106 and the transmitter 1122 transmitting to the one or more access terminals 1104 via a transmit antenna 1108. Receiver 1110 can receive information from receive antennas 1106 and is operatively associated with a demodulator 1112 that demodulates received information. Demodulated symbols can be analyzed by a processor 1114, which processor 1114 can be similar to the processor described above with reference to fig. 10, and coupled to a memory 1116, which memory 1116 stores data to be transmitted or received from access terminal 1104 (or a disparate base station (not shown)) and/or any other suitable information related to performing the various acts and functions described herein. The processor 1114 is further coupled to a synchronization signal generator 1118, the synchronization signal generator 1118 generating a synchronization signal based on parameters associated therewith for transmission to the access terminal 1104. For example, synchronization signal generator 1118 can select a PSC sequence based on parameters, locate a PSC and SSC at a relative location according to parameters, include or exclude a PSC in a radio frame based on parameters, select a PRS based on parameters, and the like. It is contemplated that synchronization signal generator 1118 may be substantially similar to synchronization signal generator 408 of fig. 4. Although not shown, it is to be appreciated that synchronization signal generator 1118 may include a selector (e.g., substantially similar to selector 414 of fig. 4) and/or a scheduler (e.g., substantially similar to scheduler 416 of fig. 4). In addition, synchronization signal generator 1118 is capable of providing information (e.g., radio frames.) to be transmitted to modulator 1120. A modulator 1120 can multiplex the frame for transmission by a transmitter 1122 via antenna 1108 to access terminals 1104. Although shown as being separate from the processor 1114, it is to be appreciated that synchronization signal generator 1118 and/or modulator 1120 can be part of processor 1114 or a number of processors (not shown).

Fig. 12 illustrates an example wireless communication system 1200. The wireless communication system 1200 illustrates one base station 1210 and one access terminal 1250 for sake of brevity. However, it is to be appreciated that system 1200 can include more than one base station and/or more than one access terminal, wherein additional base stations and/or access terminals can be substantially similar or different from example base station 1210 and access terminal 1250 described below. Moreover, it is to be appreciated that base station 1210 and/or access terminal 1250 can employ the systems (FIGS. 1, 4, 10-11, and 13-14) and/or methods (FIGS. 7-9) described herein to facilitate wireless communication there between.

At base station 1210, traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 1212 to a Transmit (TX) data processor 1214. According to an example, each data stream can be transmitted over a respective antenna. TX data processor 1214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.

The coded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. Additionally or alternatively, the pilot symbols may be Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM), Time Division Multiplexed (TDM), or Code Division Multiplexed (CDM). The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used at the access terminal 1250 to estimate channel response. The multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream can be modulated (e.g., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), etc.) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions performed or provided by processor 1230.

Modulation symbols for the data streams can be provided to a TX MIMO processor 220, and MIMO processor 1220 can further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). TX MIMO processor 1220 then forwards N_TTransmitters (TMTR)1222a through 1222t provide N_TA stream of modulation symbols. In various embodiments, TX MIMO processor 1220 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.

Each transmitter 1222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. In addition, from N respectively_TN transmitted from transmitters 1222a through 1222t by antennas 1224a through 1224t_TA modulated signal.

At the access terminal 1250, by N_REach antenna 1252a through 1252r receives the transmitted modulated signal and provides a received signal from each antenna 1252 to a respective receiver (RCVR)1254a through 1254 r. Each receiver 1254 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding "received" symbol stream.

RX data processor 1260 may select from N based on a particular receiver processing technique_RN is received and processed by a receiver 1254_RTo provide N, to a received symbol stream_TA stream of "detected" symbols. RX data processor 1260 can demodulate, deinterleave, and decode each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by RX data processor 1260 is complementary to that performed by TX mimo processor 1220 and TX data processor 1214 at base station 1210.

The processor 1270 can periodically determine which of the available technologies to utilize as described above. Further, processor 1270 can formulate a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

The reverse link message may comprise various information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse link message can be processed by a TX data processor 1238, modulated by a modulator 1280, conditioned by transmitters 1254a through 1254r, and transmitted back to base station 1210, TX data processor 1238 also receiving traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 1236.

At base station 1210, the modulated signals from access terminal 1250 are received by antennas 1224, conditioned by receivers 1222, demodulated by a demodulator 1240, and processed by a RX data processor 1242 to extract the reverse link message transmitted by access terminal 1250. Further, processor 1230 can process the extracted message to determine which precoding matrix to use for determining the beamforming weights.

Processors 1230 and 1270 can direct (e.g., control, coordinate, manage, etc.) operation at base station 1210 and access terminal 1250, respectively. Respective processors 1230 and 1270 can be associated with memory 1232 and 1272 that store program codes and data. Processors 1230 and 1270 can also perform computations to derive frequency and impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink, respectively.

In an aspect, logical channels are classified into control channels and communication channels. The logical control channels may include a Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), which is a DL channel for broadcasting system control information. Further, the logical control channel may include a Paging Control Channel (PCCH), which is a DL channel transmitting paging information. In addition, the logical control channels may include a Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), which is a Point-to-multipoint DL channel used to transmit multimedia broadcast and broadcast service (MBMS) scheduling and control information for one or several MTCHs. Typically, this channel is only used by UEs receiving MBMS (e.g. old MCCH + MSCH) after establishing a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection. Further, the logical control channels may include a Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), which is a point-to-point bi-directional channel that transmits dedicated control information, which may be used by UEs having an RRC connection. In an aspect, the logical communication channels can include a dedicated communication channel (DTCH), which is a point-to-point bi-directional channel dedicated to one UE for transmitting user information. Also, the logical communication channels may include a multicast communication channel (MTCH) for a point-to-multipoint DL channel transmitting traffic data.

In an aspect, the transport channels are divided into DL and UL. DL transport channels include a Broadcast Channel (BCH), a downlink shared data channel (DL-SDCH) and a Paging Channel (PCH). The PCH may support UE power savings by being broadcast over the entire cell and mapped to physical layer (PHY) resources that may be used for other control/communication channels (e.g., a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle may be indicated to the UE by the network). The UL transport channels may include a Random Access Channel (RACH), a request channel (REQCH), an uplink shared data channel (UL-SDCH), and a plurality of PHY channels.

The PHY channels may include a set of DL channels and UL channels. For example, DL PHY channels may include: common pilot channel (CPICH); a Synchronization Channel (SCH); common Control Channel (CCCH); shared DL Control Channel (SDCCH); multicast Control Channel (MCCH); shared UL Allocation Channel (SUACH); acknowledgement channel (ACKCH); DL physical shared data channel (DL-PSDCH); UL Power Control Channel (UPCCH); a Paging Indicator Channel (PICH); and/or a Load Indicator Channel (LICH). As another illustration, the UL PHY channels may include: physical Random Access Channel (PRACH); a Channel Quality Indicator Channel (CQICH); acknowledgement channel (ACKCH); an Antenna Subset Indicator Channel (ASICH); shared request channel (SREQCH); UL physical shared data channel (UL-PSDCH) and/or wideband pilot channel (BPICH).

It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.

When the embodiments are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage component. A code segment may represent any combination of a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or instruction, a data structure, or a program statement. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, comments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various mechanisms as is known in the art.

Referring to fig. 13, illustrated is a system 1300 that enables efficiently specifying one or more parameters to at least one access terminal in a wireless communication environment. For example, system 1300 can reside at least partially within a base station. It is to be appreciated that system 1300 is illustrated as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that provide functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1300 includes a logical grouping 1302 of electrical components that can act in conjunction. For instance, logical grouping 1302 can include an electrical component that schedules a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) at relative locations in a radio frame based upon a parameter corresponding to a base station 1304. Further, logical grouping can include an electrical component for transmitting a radio frame on the downlink to identify a parameter based upon the relative location of the PSC and SSC 1306. Moreover, although not shown, logical grouping can also include an electrical component for selecting a PSC sequence based on parameters of the base station and an electrical component for generating a PSC based on the selected PSC sequence. Additionally, system 1300 may include a memory 1308 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1304 and 1306. While shown as being external to memory 1308, it is to be understood that one or more of electrical components 1304 and 1306 can exist within memory 1308.

Turning to fig. 14, illustrated is a system 1400 that enables determining one or more parameters relative to a base station in a wireless communication environment. System 1400 can reside within an access terminal, for instance. As shown, system 1400 includes functional blocks that can provide functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). System 1400 includes a logical grouping 1402 of electrical components that can act in conjunction. Logical grouping 1402 can include an electrical component for analyzing radio frames received from a base station 1404, the radio frames analyzed to interpret at least one of: the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes both types of synchronization signals. For example, the different types of synchronization signals can be PSC and SSC. Further, the sequence can be a PSC sequence. Further, the radio frame can be analyzed to determine whether it includes at least one PSC and at least one SSC or at least one SSC without a PSC. Moreover, logical grouping 1402 can include an electrical component for identifying at least one parameter associated with a base station based upon whether the relative position, sequence, or radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals 1406. Additionally, system 1400 can include a memory 1408 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with electrical components 1404 and 1406. While shown as being external to memory 1408, it is to be understood that one or more of electrical components 1404 and 1406 can exist within memory 1408.

What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the described embodiments are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.

Claims (65)

1. A method that facilitates identifying one or more parameters related to a base station in a wireless communication environment, comprising:

generating a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC);

scheduling the PSC and the SSC at relative locations in a radio frame, the relative locations of the PSC and the SSC in the radio frame determined according to a first parameter corresponding to a base station; and

transmitting the PSC and the SSC on a downlink at the relative location in the radio frame to indicate the first parameter;

wherein the first parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

mapping the PSC to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and mapping the SSC to an adjacent symbol immediately preceding the last symbol when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and

when the base station employs frame structure type 2, SSCs are mapped to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and the PSCs are mapped to adjacent symbols immediately preceding the last symbol.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selecting a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence based on a second parameter of the base station, the second parameter being substantially similar to or different from the first parameter; and

generating the PSC based on the selected PSC sequence.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising selecting the PSC sequence from a set of four possible PSC sequences, the set including three commonly used PSC sequences and a fourth additional PSC sequence.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein two of the three commonly used PSC sequences are complex conjugates of each other, a remaining PSC sequence of the three commonly used PSC sequences and the fourth additional PSC sequence being complex conjugates of each other.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and

selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs frame structure type 2.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs a unicast carrier; and

selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs a multicast carrier.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising mapping different pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to a common cell ID according to a third parameter associated with the base station.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising mapping pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to different tone locations according to a fourth parameter associated with the base station.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising eliminating the PSC from the radio frame when utilizing frame structure type 2.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a particular scrambling code from a set of possible scrambling codes to use on top of a SSC sequence to generate the SSC as a function of a fifth parameter associated with the base station.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a set of possible scrambling codes from which a particular scrambling code can be selected for use on top of a SSC sequence to generate the SSC as a function of a sixth parameter associated with the base station.

13. A method that facilitates identifying one or more parameters related to a base station in a wireless communication environment, comprising:

selecting a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence based on a first parameter of a base station;

generating a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) based on the selected PSC sequence; and

transmitting a radio frame including the generated PSC on a downlink to indicate the first parameter based on the selected PSC sequence;

wherein the first parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

the PSC sequence is selected from a set of four possible PSC sequences, the set including three commonly used PSC sequences and a fourth additional PSC sequence.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein two of the three commonly used PSC sequences are complex conjugates of each other, and a remaining PSC sequence of the three commonly used PSC sequences and the fourth additional PSC sequence are complex conjugates of each other.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs frame structure type 1;

selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs frame structure type 2.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs a unicast carrier;

selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs a multicast carrier.

18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

generating a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC); and

scheduling the PSC and the SSC at relative locations in the radio frame based on a second parameter related to the base station.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

mapping the PSC to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and mapping the SSC to an adjacent symbol immediately preceding the last symbol when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and is

When the base station employs frame structure type 2, SSCs are mapped to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and the PSCs are mapped to adjacent symbols immediately preceding the last symbol.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

selecting, based on one or more parameters associated with the base station, at least one of: a set of possible scrambling codes or a particular scrambling code of the set of possible scrambling codes.

21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

mapping different pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to a common cell ID according to a third parameter associated with the base station.

22. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

mapping different pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to different tone locations according to a fourth parameter associated with the base station.

23. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

removing the PSC from the radio frame when frame structure type 2 is utilized.

24. A wireless communications apparatus that enables efficiently indicating one or more parameters to at least one access terminal in a wireless communication environment, comprising:

means for scheduling a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) at relative locations in a radio frame, the relative locations of the PSC and SSC in the radio frame determined according to a first parameter corresponding to a base station; and

means for transmitting the PSC and the SSC on a downlink at the relative location in the radio frame to specify the first parameter;

wherein the first parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

25. The wireless communication device of claim 24, further comprising:

means for mapping the PSC to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and mapping the SSC to an adjacent symbol immediately preceding the last symbol when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and

means for mapping SSCs to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and mapping the PSCs to adjacent symbols immediately preceding the last symbol when the base station employs frame structure type 2.

26. The wireless communication device of claim 24, further comprising:

means for selecting a PSC sequence based on a second parameter of the base station; and

means for generating the PSC based on the selected PSC sequence.

27. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 26, further comprising means for selecting the PSC sequence from a set of four possible PSC sequences, the set including three commonly utilized PSC sequences and a fourth additional PSC sequence.

28. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 27, wherein two of the three commonly used PSC sequences are complex conjugates of each other, a remaining PSC sequence of the three commonly used PSC sequences and the fourth additional PSC sequence are complex conjugates of each other.

29. The wireless communication device of claim 27, further comprising:

means for selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and

means for selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs frame structure type 2.

30. The wireless communication device of claim 27, further comprising:

means for selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs a unicast carrier; and

means for selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs a multicast carrier.

31. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for mapping disparate pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to a common cell ID as a function of a third parameter associated with the base station.

32. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for mapping pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to disparate tone locations as a function of a fourth parameter associated with the base station.

33. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for eliminating the PSC from the radio frame when utilizing frame structure type 2.

34. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for selecting a particular scrambling code from a set of possible scrambling codes for use on top of a SSC sequence to generate the SSC as a function of a fifth parameter associated with the base station.

35. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for selecting a set of possible scrambling codes for use in conjunction with the SSC as a function of a sixth parameter associated with the base station.

36. A wireless communications apparatus that enables efficiently indicating one or more parameters to at least one access terminal in a wireless communication environment, comprising:

means for selecting a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence based on a first parameter of a base station;

a module that generates a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) based on the selected PSC sequence; and

means for transmitting a radio frame including the generated PSC on a downlink to indicate the first parameter based on the selected PSC sequence;

wherein the first parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

37. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 36, further comprising means for selecting the PSC sequence from a set of four possible PSC sequences, the set including three commonly utilized PSC sequences and a fourth additional PSC sequence.

38. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 37, wherein two of the three commonly used PSC sequences are complex conjugates of each other, a remaining PSC sequence of the three commonly used PSC sequences and the fourth additional PSC sequence are complex conjugates of each other.

39. The wireless communication device of claim 37, further comprising:

means for selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and

means for selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs frame structure type 2.

40. The wireless communication device of claim 37, further comprising:

means for selecting one of the three commonly used PSC sequences when the base station employs a unicast carrier; and

means for selecting the fourth additional PSC sequence when the base station employs a multicast carrier.

41. The wireless communication device of claim 36, further comprising:

a module for generating a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC); and

means for scheduling the PSC and the SSC at relative locations in the radio frame based on a second parameter related to the base station.

42. The wireless communication device of claim 41, further comprising:

means for mapping the PSC to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and mapping the SSC to an adjacent symbol immediately preceding the last symbol when the base station employs frame structure type 1; and

means for mapping SSCs to a last symbol in one or more slots of the radio frame and mapping the PSCs to adjacent symbols immediately preceding the last symbol when the base station employs frame structure type 2.

43. The wireless communication device of claim 41, further comprising:

means for selecting at least one of the following based on one or more parameters associated with the base station: a set of possible scrambling codes or a particular scrambling code of the set of possible scrambling codes.

44. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 36, further comprising means for mapping disparate pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to a common cell ID as a function of a third parameter associated with the base station.

45. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 36, further comprising means for mapping different pseudo-random sequences (PRSs) to different tone locations as a function of a fourth parameter associated with the base station.

46. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 36, further comprising means for eliminating the PSC from the radio frame when utilizing frame structure type 2.

47. An apparatus in a wireless communication system, comprising:

a synchronization signal generator to schedule a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC) at relative positions in the radio frame, the relative positions of the PSC and SSC in the radio frame determined as a function of a first parameter corresponding to a base station, wherein the first parameter indicates one or more of: whether the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, whether the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), whether the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or whether the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system; and

a transmitter for transmitting the PSC and the SSC at the relative location in the radio frame on a downlink transmission to indicate the first parameter.

48. A method that facilitates interpreting at least one parameter corresponding to a base station in a wireless communication environment, comprising:

receiving a radio frame from a base station;

analyzing the radio frame to determine at least one of:

the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals,

sequences for generating a particular type of synchronisation signal, or

Whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals; and

identifying at least one parameter associated with the base station based on the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals;

wherein the at least one parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

49. The method of claim 48, further comprising:

determining a relative position of a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC); and

identifying one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the determined relative position.

50. The method of claim 48, further comprising:

determining a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence used to generate PSCs included in the received radio frame; and

interpreting one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the determined PSC sequence.

51. The method of claim 48, further comprising:

determining whether a PSC is included or excluded from the radio frame; and

determining one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on whether the PSC is included or excluded from the radio frame.

52. The method of claim 48, further comprising:

analyzing a pseudo-random sequence mapping associated with the radio frame; and

determining one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the pseudo-random sequence mapping.

53. The method of claim 48, further comprising:

determining a scrambling code used by the base station to scramble SSC; and

determining one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on an identity of the scrambling code.

54. A wireless communication device, comprising:

a receiver for receiving a radio frame from a base station; and

a synchronization signal evaluator to:

analyzing the radio frame to determine at least one of:

the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals,

sequences for generating a particular type of synchronisation signal, or

Whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals; and

identifying at least one parameter associated with the base station based on the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals, the sequence used to generate a particular type of synchronization signal, or whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals;

wherein the at least one parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

55. The wireless communication device of claim 54, wherein the synchronization signal evaluator is further configured to:

determining a relative position of a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC); and is

The wireless communication device also includes a parameter determiner to identify one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the determined relative position.

56. The wireless communication device of claim 54, wherein the synchronization signal evaluator is further configured to:

determining a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence used to generate PSCs included in the received radio frame; and is

The wireless communications apparatus can further comprise a parameter determiner configured to interpret one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the determined PSC sequence.

57. The wireless communication device of claim 54, wherein the synchronization signal evaluator is further configured to:

determining whether a PSC is included or excluded from the radio frame; and is

The wireless communications apparatus further includes a parameter determiner to determine one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on whether the PSC is included or excluded in the radio frame.

58. The wireless communication device of claim 54, wherein the synchronization signal evaluator is further configured to:

analyzing a pseudo-random sequence mapping associated with the radio frame; and is

The wireless communications apparatus further includes a parameter determiner to determine one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the pseudo-random sequence mapping.

59. The wireless communication device of claim 54, wherein the synchronization signal evaluator is further configured to:

determining a scrambling code used by the base station to scramble SSC; and is

The wireless communications apparatus further includes a parameter determiner to determine one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on an identity of the scrambling code.

60. A wireless communications apparatus that enables determining one or more parameters relative to a base station in a wireless communication environment, comprising:

means for analyzing a radio frame received from a base station to interpret at least one of:

the relative positions of the different types of synchronization signals,

sequences for generating a particular type of synchronisation signal, or

Whether the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals; and

means for identifying at least one parameter associated with the base station based on whether the relative position, the sequence, or the radio frame includes two types of synchronization signals;

wherein the at least one parameter is indicative of one or more of: the base station is part of a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system or a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the radio frame is of frame structure type 1(FS1) or frame structure type 2(FS2), the base station is associated with a macrocell or a femtocell, or the base station is associated with a unicast system or a multicast system.

61. The wireless communication device of claim 60, further comprising:

means for determining a relative position of a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) and a Secondary Synchronization Code (SSC); and

means for identifying one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the determined relative position.

62. The wireless communication device of claim 60, further comprising:

means for determining a Primary Synchronization Code (PSC) sequence used to generate a PSC included in the received radio frame; and

means for interpreting one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the determined PSC sequence.

63. The wireless communication device of claim 60, further comprising:

means for determining whether a PSC is included or excluded from the radio frame; and

means for determining one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on whether the PSC is included or excluded from the radio frame.

64. The wireless communication device of claim 60, further comprising:

a module that analyzes a pseudo-random sequence mapping associated with the radio frame; and

means for determining one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on the pseudo-random sequence mapping.

65. The wireless communication device of claim 60, further comprising:

means for determining a scrambling code used by the base station to scramble SSC; and

means for interpreting one or more of the at least one parameter based at least in part on an identity of the scrambling code.